Structural Steel - S235, S275, S355 Chemical Composition, Mechanical Properties and Common Applications

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Structural Steel - S235, S275, S355 Chemical Composition, Mechanical Properties and Common Applications

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Structural Steel - S235, S275, S355 Chemical Composition, Mechanical Properties and Common Applications Download PDF Copy Request Quote By Nick GilbertMay 11 2012

Topics Covered Introduction Chemical Composition of Structural Steels - S235, S275 and S355 Mechanical Properties of Structural Steel - S235, S275 and S355 Typical Structural Steel ‘Sections’ / Cross-sectional Shapes Applications of Structural Steel

Introduction Structural steel is a standard construction material, made from specific grades of steel and formed in a range of industry standard cross-sectional shapes (or ‘Sections’). Structural steel grades are designed with specific chemical compositions and mechanical properties formulated for particular applications. In Europe, Structural Steel must comply with the European Standard EN 10025 a Governed by the ECISS (European Committee for Iron and Steel Standardization) a subset of CEN (European Committee for Standardization. There are many examples of European grades of structural steel such as; S195, S235, S275, S355, S420, S460 etc. However, for the purposes of this article we will focus on the Chemical Composition, Mechanical Properties and Applications of S235, S275, S355. Three common structural steel grades used in all manner of Construction projects across the EU. Inline with the European Standard classifications, Structural steels must be referenced using standard symbols including but not limited to: "S"235"J2’‘K2’’C’’Z’’W’’JR’’JO’’ Where: S – denotes the fact that it is Structural Steel 235 – related to the minimum yield strength of the steel (tested at a thickness of 16mm) J2 / K2 / JR / JO – material toughness in relation to the Charpy impact or ‘V’notch test methodology W – Weathering Steel (Atmospheric Corrosion Resistant) Z – Structural steel with improved strength perpendicular to the surface C – Cold-formed

Depending on the manufacturing process, chemical composition and relevant application, further letters and classifications might be used to reference particular grades/products of structural steel. The EU Standard classifications are inherently not a global standard and therefore a number of corresponding grades with the same Chemical and Mechanical properties may be used in other parts of the world. For example, Structural Steels fabricated for the US market must be specified in accordance with the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) International guidelines and will be referenced with an ‘A’ and then the relevant Grade such as A36, A53 etc.

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US Equivalent Grades EU

US

S235

A283C

S275

A570Gr40

S355

A572Gr50

In most countries Structural Steel is regulated and must meet a minimum specific criterion for Shape, Size, Chemical Composition, strength etc.

Chemical Composition of Structural Steels - S235, S275 and S355 The Chemical composition of Structural Steel is extremely important and highly regulated. It is a fundamental factor which defines the Mechanical properties of the steel material. In the following table you can see the Max % levels of certain regulated elements present in European Structural steel grades S235, S275 and S355. Grade

C%

Mn%

P%

S%

Si%

S235

0.22 max

1.60 max

0.05 max

0.05 max

0.05 max

S275

0.25 max

1.60 max

0.04 max

0.05 max

0.05 max

S355

0.23 max

1.60 max

0.05 max

0.05 max

0.05 max

Related Stories Selecting a Lubricant for a Compressor in the Chemical Industry, by Dow Corning Steel Recycling Principles and Practice Atmospheric Corrosion Resistant Corten Steel - Copper Chromium Alloy Steel from Masteel The chemical composition of Structural Steel is incredibly important to the engineer and will change with specific Grades depending on their intended use. For Example; S355K2W is a Structural Steel that has been hardened (K2) and has been designed with a chemical composition to withstand increased weathering (W). Therefore, this grade of Structural Steel will have a slightly different chemical composition to the standard S355 grade.

Mechanical Properties of Structural Steel - S235, S275, S355 The Mechanical Properties of Structural Steel are fundamental to its classification and hence, application. Even though Chemical Composition is a dominant Factor of the Mechanical Properties of steel, it is also very important to understand the minimum standards for the Mechanical Properties (Performance characteristics) such as; Yield Strength and Tensile Strength.

Yield Strength The yield strength of structural steel measures the minimum force required to create a permanent deformation in the steel. The naming convention used in European Standard EN10025 refers to the Minimum Yield strength of the steel grade tested at 16mm thick. Minimum Yield Strength at nominal thickness 16mm http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=6022

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Structural Steel Grade at 16mm

ksi

N/mm2 (MPa)

S235

33 000 ksi

235 N/mm2

S275

36 000 ksi

275 N/mm2

S355

50 000 ksi

355 N/mm2

Tensile Strength The Tensile Strength of Structural steel relates to the point at which permanent deformation occurs when the material is pulled or stretched laterally along its length. Structural Steel Grade

Tensile Strength MPa at Nom thickness between 3mm and 16mm

S235

360 – 510 MPa

S275

370 – 530 MPa

S355

470 – 630 MPa

Typical Structural Steel ‘Sections’ / Cross-Sectional Shapes Structural Steel comes in many Grades but is normally sold pre-formed with a defined cross-sectional shape, designed for specific applications. For example, it is common to find Structural Steel sold in: I-Beams, Z-beams, Box Lintels, HSS (Hollow Structural Section), L shaped, Steel Plate etc. Depending on the desired application, an engineer will specify a grade of steel (Often to meet minimum strength, max weight and or weathering requirements) and the sectional shape, relative to the desired location and expected load to be carried or job to be performed.

Applications of Structural Steel Structural steels are used in many ways and their application can be diverse. They are particularly useful because they offer the unique combination of good welding properties with guaranteed strengths. Structural Steel is an extremely adaptable product and is often favoured by the engineer trying to maximise strength or s structure while minimising its weight. It will come as no surprise that the construction industry is the biggest consumer of Structural Steel, where it is used for all manner of purposes and employed at diverse scales. Whether a small box lintel is used to carry the load of a structural wall in a residential property or a vast I-beam is bolted in place to hold the road surface on a bridge, structural steel can be specified, designed and fabricated for the job. High Rise Buildings / Skyscrapers Houses Factories Offices Shopping Malls Train Tracks Road barriers Bridges http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=6022

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References S275 - Leeco Steel S235 - Masteel Structural Steels - SteelStrip Tata Steel Europe Download PDF Copy Request Quote

Comments 1.

Kashif Khawaja says: September 2, 2014 at 2:27 PM How can I calculate the yield strength suitable for my load? e.g for HEA 340 what yield strength is sufficient to carry 5 ton moving crane? 00 Reply Paul Murphy says: September 3, 2014 at 10:23 AM Hi Kashif, I unfortunately cannot give you a definitive answer. You would have to contact somebody that has access to a load cell programme i.e. an architect or someone who offer finite element analysis. The highest grade available from stock is 355N/mm yield at this size though. If you require any further information please contact [email protected] 00 Reply

2.

sujil suji says: December 19, 2014 at 9:24 PM Dear Sir, How can I get the P no of this S275 Steel 00 Reply Paul Murphy says: January 5, 2015 at 11:21 AM Dear Sujil, Are you referring to Phosphorus level of S275 or are you referring to the Pressure application equivalent (P275)?

00 Reply 3. Rahul Pratap says: January 6, 2015 at 1:59 AM PWHT REQUIRED ON S355 GRADE MATERIAL 00 Reply Ramesh Kannan Ramesh Kannan http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=6022

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March 17, 2015 at 3:18 AM Please can you any one advise my WPS is Qualified AWS D1.1 5-unlimited with charpy and without charpy...group II Material Gr X52...can use 355 Material this WPS? 00 Reply Biju Abraham says: July 28, 2016 at 1:39 AM Is steel gare S275 is equivelant to ASTM A 36 00 Reply 4.

Andrew Collinson says: April 10, 2015 at 7:55 AM Hi, Is there any simple field test for determining if steelwork is S275 or S355? Thanks Andrew 00 Reply Paul Murphy says: April 10, 2015 at 10:51 AM Hi Andrew, The only field test I believe you can be referring to is a PMI test. It's a non-destructive spectrographic chemical analysis. It won't determine which grade it is but might prove it can't be S355. Hope that makes sense. Kind Regards, Paul Murphy (Masteel UK Ltd)

00 Reply 5. Suresh Surendran says: June 18, 2015 at 2:25 PM can 275 and 355 grade welded using the same wps 00 Reply 6. Suraj Ranaweera says: June 30, 2015 at 6:06 AM can you tell me what can we use as alternative steel for S355.. Japanees Chinese & American please 00 Reply Edir Thamrin says: July 25, 2016 at 4:47 AM EH36 or ASTM A572 Gr50 00 http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=6022

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Reply 7.

sumeet malik says: July 10, 2015 at 3:25 AM What is the difference between S355H and S355N/H. Is there any difference in yield strength values? 00 Reply

8.

emeline marteja says: September 17, 2015 at 3:40 AM My client required ASTM A283GR C Group 1,, we offered S275 JR for Steel Flat Bar. Is it ok for them to use S275 JR as an alternative. We don't have A283 GR C in stock right now. Please assist.

00 Reply 9. Arun Kuttikkattu Vijayan says: December 15, 2015 at 4:59 AM What is the equivalent grade of S275 in american standard? 10 Reply Paul Murphy says: February 26, 2016 at 7:58 AM Arun, Closest American equivalent would be either ASTM A36 or A283 GR C 00 Reply 10. Ashraf Asagifi says: January 14, 2016 at 12:26 PM I'd like to say : thanks , could you possibly sending me the source of this article or any official related to ?? , the best article , I've ever read . thank you again . 00 Reply 11. Shridhar Rai says: March 7, 2016 at 5:43 AM Is E250 BR is equivalent to S275? 00 Reply 12. Amira El Ayeb says: April 5, 2016 at 7:39 PM Hey , How can i find this material in Solidworks ? 10 Reply 13.

Imran Zada says: April 12, 2016 at 11:37 PM the values of yield strength is not in ksi,like given . Please make correction it should be 33 000 psi for S235 instead of 33000 ksi. 00


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Reply 14.

Didik Setiono says: June 17, 2016 at 1:11 AM Dear Sir, Did S235 J2 equivalent with A333 Gr6 or A36 ??? And S355 J2 equivalent with A572 Gr.50 ??? Thanks for your attention Didik S 00 Reply Paul Murphy says: June 17, 2016 at 5:05 AM Hello Didik, Generally speaking S235 will not be certified as S235J2 you would tend to see this grade certified in S235JR with a EN10204 2.2 certificate. This grade is not interchangeable with A333 GR 6 (pipe specification) or ASTM A36 (Sheet/plate & structural sections specification). The EN equivalent of ASTM A36 would be S275JR. S355J2+N/M is the direct EN equivalent of ASTM A572 GR 50. Hope this helps.

00 Reply 15. Tracy Kearney says: June 20, 2016 at 6:27 AM I am designing using S275 grade steel but I understand that there is no cost difference between the S275 and S355. Is this correct? Is S275 an obsolete grade? 00 Reply Paul Murphy says: June 23, 2016 at 4:04 AM Hi Tracy, I'm afraid the information you have is incorrect. S275 is not an obsolete grade and is still a mainstay in the construction industry perhaps even more so than S355 material. S355 is a higher grade of material compared to S275 and therefore there is a cost difference between the two grades. Hope this helps. Paul Murphy 00 Reply 16.

P K Unnikrishnan July 2, 2016 at 4:29 AM

says:

In the chemical composition of steel what is W stands for 00 Reply 17. Subho Chatterjee

says:


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July 28, 2016 at 5:07 AM IS S235jR SUITABLE FOR MARINE USE ? THIS IS PROPOSED TO BE USED AS PIPE FLANGE FOR LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM ( UPTO 7 BAR WORKING PRESSURE ) . STRENGTHWISE , IT IS OK . SUBHO CHATTERJEE 00 Reply The opinions expressed here are the views of the writer and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of AZoM.com.

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Structural Steel - S235, S275, S355 Chemical Composition, Mechanical Properties and Common Applications

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