DEPARTMENT O F GEOLOGY School of Mines, University of Zambia
Structural Geology lab IV Year Map 1
Map No. 1 Topographic Topographic map construction (elevation in feet). Notice in Map A that a has been ra!n through all of the points that have an elevation of "## ft above mean sea level. $an you
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DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY S"$OOL OF MINES% !NIVERSITY OF 'AM#IA
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STR!"T!RAL GEOLOGY LA# IV YEAR Map &
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY S"$OOL OF MINES% !NIVERSITY OF 'AM#IA
STR!"T!RAL GEOLOGY LA# IV YEAR Map &
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Map. No. & The map sho!n in the figure sho!s spot elevations, raining lines, an a la&e. Using a $.'. of " ft, construct a topographic map of the area. (Note not all the spot elevations !ill lie on the lines you ra!. ou !ill have to ()terpolate !here ()terpolate !here the lines shoul be ra!n bet!een points of &no!n elevation. This re*uires some +ugment as to the placement of the lines. or e-ample, only one spot elevation on the map is sho!n at the " foot contour line, you must estimate !here other points at that elevation lie relative to &no!n points of elevation. Thus, the "/foot contour !oul probably be ra!n close to a spot elevation of 0 feet than it !oul to a spot elevation of 1# feet.
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY S"$OOL OF MINES% !NIVERSITY OF 'AM#IA
STR!"T!RAL GEOLOGY LA# IV YEAR Map &
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Map. No. & The map sho!n in the figure sho!s spot elevations, raining lines, an a la&e. Using a $.'. of " ft, construct a topographic map of the area. (Note not all the spot elevations !ill lie on the lines you ra!. ou !ill have to ()terpolate !here ()terpolate !here the lines shoul be ra!n bet!een points of &no!n elevation. This re*uires some +ugment as to the placement of the lines. or e-ample, only one spot elevation on the map is sho!n at the " foot contour line, you must estimate !here other points at that elevation lie relative to &no!n points of elevation. Thus, the "/foot contour !oul probably be ra!n close to a spot elevation of 0 feet than it !oul to a spot elevation of 1# feet.
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Dra+ co)tour, at &- t ()ter/al. Dra+ a topograp0(c pro(le alo)g t0e *Y 2(rect(o) Scale 1 1-%---
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Scale 1 1-%--Map No. 3 2roblem the values given in the map are the sopt heights (in meters) of 3ench Mar&s of of an area. 4ra! the counter lines lines !ith an interval of %## meters an escribe the topography topography of the area. 4ra! a neat topographic profile along the 5/ irection.
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Map No. 4 4escribe the topography an geology of the area. 6ive the orer of superposition of the bes. 4ra! a geological cross
section along the given A/3 line.
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DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Ma' +
Map No. 5The geological outcrops are sho!n in the north/!est corner of the map. 't can be seen that the bes are hori7ontal as the geological bounaries coincie !ith, or are parallel to the groun contour lines. $omplete the geological outcrops over the !hole map. 'nicate the position of a spring/line on the map. 8o! thic& is each be9 4ra! a vertical column sho!ing each be to scale % cm : %## m. $omplete a section along the line A/3 (contours in meters).
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Map No 6
Scale 1 () 7 1%--- t.
Proble8 'n the area e-pose five conformable bes (A,3,$,4 an ;, !here A an ; are the olest an the youngest bes respectively). The thic&ness of 3,$ an 4 bes are %##, <## an 0"# ft. respectively. 4=$ +unction outcrops at an elevation of %>"# ft. All the bes are hori7ontal. $omplete the outcrop pattern of the bes. 4ra! the cross section along 5/ line.
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Map No. 9. Scale 1&-%--2roblem ?n the given map, contact bet!een various hori7ontal bes !ere recore as follo!s At A the contact bet!een the limestone be (overlying) an shale be (unerlying) !as observe, !hereas at 3 the contact bet!een the shale be (overlying an sanstone be (unerlying) !as recore. Similarly at $ the contact bet!een the sanstone be (overlying) an conglomerate be (unerlying) !as seen. %. The gentle slopes anflat areas in the valley are occupie by @uaternary eposits. Sho! them in yello!colour.<. ;-ten the contacts of various bes all along the given map. . $olour the various bes as follo!s Bimestone/ blue, shale / green, sanstone / re, conglomerate/ purple.0. 4ra! cross section along the line 5/
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Y of a coal /seam. Assuming the coal/seam Proble8 the continuous line on the map inicates the outcrop to have a constant stri&e an ip, etermine the irection of ip an complete its outcrop throughout the area. Also complete the outcrop of t!o other seams, !hich are respectively %## ft vertically belo! an <## feet vertically above the one first ra!n
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Map No. 1-
Scale 1: 7 1%--- t.
Proble8 The lo!er trace of a grit be outcrops at 2,@ an C. 'ts upper trace is met !ith at $ at a epth of ## ft. The grit be forms a part of a conformable series !ith conglomerate at the base, an sanstone <## ft thic&, unerlying the youngest limestone be of the series. 4etermine the ip an the thic&ness of the grit be an complete the outcrop.
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Ma' 11
Map No. 11 Three bes outcrop/conglomerate, sanstone an shale. $omplete the geological bounaries bet!een these bes assuming that the bes all have the same ip. 'nicate on the map an inlier an an outlier.
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Map No. 1&. 3orehole A passes through a coal seam at a epth of "# m an reaches a lo!er seam at a epth of 0"# m. 3oreholes 3 an $ reach the lo!er seam at a epth of %"# m an <"# m, respectively. having etermine the ip an stri&e, map in the outcrops of the t!o seams (assume that the seams have a constant vertical separation of 0## m). 'nicate the areas !here the upper sea is at a epth of less than %"# m belo! the groun surface. 't is necessary to first calculate the height (relative to sea leve) of the lo!er coal seam at each of the points A, 3 an $ !here boreholes are site.
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Map No. 1;A
!hich ip conformably as sho!n, have vertical thic&ness ##
Scale 11-%--Proble8 Trace the complete outcrop of bes A,3,$,4 an ; the top of A (olest of the bes) is e-pose at T. The bes 3 an $ m an %## m, an 4 is %"# m thic&.
Map No. %0 The map sho!s part of the outcrop of a coal seam. 't !as also foun at a epth of ## meters in the boreholes at the several points mar&e 5. $omplete the outcrop of the coal seam. 4etermine the epth at !hich it !oul be encountere in shafts put o!n at an Z. Also insert the outcrop of another seam !hich lies ## m higher (vertically) in the succession. Dhat is the amount of plunge of the fol/a-es9 'nsert outcrops of the fol a-ial planes on the map. 4ra! a section along the line 2/@
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DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY
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N Map. No. 13A Scale
1 () 7 1--- t
Proble8 The lo!er trace of an a*uifer <## ft thic& is met !ithin the region at the follo!ing epths %##E at A, <##E ft at 3E an ## ft at $. Trace the outcrop of the a*uifer !hich is overlain by Marl an unerlain by Shale. (%) Mar& the bes (<) 4etermine the stri&e an ip irection of the bes () 4escribe the geology of the area (0) 4ra! a section along 5/ (") in the epth at !hich the a*uifer (sanstone) is met !ith at point 4.
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY
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Scale1 c8 7 1-- 8%
"o)tour ()ter/al 4- 8
Map No. 15 Metho of ra!ing stri&e lines
1 c8 7 1-- 8%
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Map No. 16 in out the thic&ness of bes an orer of superposition
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Map No. 16 in out the thic&ness of bes an orer of superposition
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Map No. 18: Find out the order of superposition of the beds
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Map No. 18: Find out the order of superposition of the beds
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Map No. 1< Fariable ip irection. $arefully stuy the irection of ip an establish the change of ip irection an the resulting structures.
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Map No. 1< Fariable ip irection. $arefully stuy the irection of ip an establish the change of ip irection an the resulting structures.
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Proble8 4escribe the geology of the area !ith a suitable cross section
Scale %G : %### ft
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Proble8 4escribe the geology of the area !ith a suitable cross section
Scale %G : %### ft
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Map No. 1< 2roblem 4escribe the geology of the areas !ith a suitable cross section
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Map No. 1< 2roblem 4escribe the geology of the areas !ith a suitable cross section
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Sc0ool o M()e,% !)(/er,(ty o 'a8b(a
Structural Geology Lab IV Year 8ap &&
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Sc0ool o M()e,% !)(/er,(ty o 'a8b(a
Structural Geology Lab IV Year 8ap &&
Map. No. && The continuous lines are the geological bounaries separating the outcrops of the ipping strata, bes 2, @, C, S, T an U. ;-amine the map an note that the geological bouna ries are not parallel to the contour lines but, in fact, intersect them. 3efore constructing structure contours, can !e euce the irection of ip of the bes from the fact that their outcrops EFE o!n the valley9 $an !e euce the irection of ip if !e are informe that 3e U is the olest an 3e 2 is the youngest be of the se*uence9 4ra! structure contours for each geological interface % an calculate the irection an amount of ip. ($ontours in metres.) 'nstructions for ra!ing structure contours are given belo! an one structure contour on the @=C geological bounary has been inserte on the map as an e-ample.
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Map No. &; 2roblem 4ra! structure contour for the upper an lo!er surface of the shae be of shale. 's the irection of stri&e appro-imately north/south or east/!est9 'nicate on the map of the position of an anticilinal a-ial trace an the position of a synclinal a-ial trace. 4ra! a section along the line 5/.
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Sc0ool o M()e,% !)(/er,(ty o 'a8b(a
Structural Geology Lab IV Year Map &3
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Sc0ool o M()e,% !)(/er,(ty o 'a8b(a
Structural Geology Lab IV Year Map &3
Scale 1= 7 1-%--- t. Map. No. &3 4escribe the geology of the area !it a suitable cross section
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DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY S"$OOL OF MINES% !NIVERSITY OF 'AM#IA
STR!"T!RAL GEOLOGY LA# IV YEAR Map &4
Map. No. &4 4ra! structure contours on the geological bounaries. 6ive the graient of the bes (ip). 4ra! a section along the ;/D line /Z. $alculate the thic&ness of bes 3,$,4 an ;. 'nicate on the map an inlier an an outlier.
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Map No. &5 4ra! structure contours on all the geological bounaries an euce ips an stri&es. Dhat type of fols are these9 Note that all geological bounaries HFG o!nstream. 4ra! a section along an east/!est line. 4ra! in the a-ial trace, i.e. the outcrops of the a-ial planes of the fols.
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY
STR!"T!RAL GEOLOGY LA#
S"$OOL OF MINES% !NIVERSITY OF 'AM#IA
IV YEAR
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Map &6
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY
STR!"T!RAL GEOLOGY LA#
S"$OOL OF MINES% !NIVERSITY OF 'AM#IA
IV YEAR
Map &6
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Scale 1= 7 1%--- t. Map. No. &6 4escribe the geology of the area !ith a cross section along the 5/ irection
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DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Sc0ool o M()e,% !)(/er,(ty o 'a8b(a
Structural Geology Lab IV Year Map &9
Map. No. &9 4escribe the geology of the area !ith a suitable cross section
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Sc0ool o M()e,% !)(/er,(ty o 'a8b(a
Structural Geology Lab IV Year Map &<
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Ma' (4
Map. No. ;- 4escribe the geology of the area !ith a suitable cross section
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Ma' (1
Map. No. ;1 4ra! structure contours for the upper an lo!er surfaces of the sanstones (stipple). Dhat is the amount of the thro! of the fault9 4ra! structure contours on the fault plane. 's it a normal or a reserve fault9 Dhat is the thic&ness of the sanstone be.
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Map. No. ;& The line / is the outcrop of a fault plane. The oler thic& line on the map is the outcrop of a coal seam. Shae areas !here coal coul be penetrate by a borehole (!here it has not been remove by erosion). 'nicate areas in !hich any borehole !oul penetrate the seam t!ice. Dhat type of fault is this9 4ra! a section along the line 5/. 4ra! the %## m overburen isopachyete, i.e, a line +oining all points !here the coal is overlain by %## m of strata.
Map No. ;; $alculate the irection an amount of ip of the strata belo! an above the plane of unconformity. 4ra! a section along the line 5/. The lines %/% an
Map. No. ;3 The map inclues many structural features/ fols, a fault an an unconformity. 4euce the main structural features of the area from interpretation of the outcrop patterns before attempting to construct structure contours. Drite a brief geological history of the area portraye by the map giving the orer of events proucing these structural features. 4ra! section along the line 5/.
Map. No. ;3 The map inclues many structural features/ fols, a fault an an unconformity. 4euce the main structural features of the area from interpretation of the outcrop patterns before attempting to construct structure contours. Drite a brief geological history of the area portraye by the map giving the orer of events proucing these structural features. 4ra! section along the line 5/.
Map No. " Dhat &in of fault occurs on the map9 8as it any vertical isplacement9 4ra! a section across the map along the line 2/@ intersecting the fault . 'nicate on the map anticlinal an synclinal a-ial traces.
Map No. " Dhat &in of fault occurs on the map9 8as it any vertical isplacement9 4ra! a section across the map along the line 2/@ intersecting the fault . 'nicate on the map anticlinal an synclinal a-ial traces.
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Map No. ;5 4escribe the geology of the areas !ith a suitable cross section
Scale 1 inch = 1,000 ft
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Map No. ;5 4escribe the geology of the areas !ith a suitable cross section
Scale 1 inch = 1,000 ft
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Map No. ;6 4escribe the geology of the areas !ith a suitable cross section
Scale 1 inch = 1,000 ft
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Map No. ;6 4escribe the geology of the areas !ith a suitable cross section
Scale 1 inch = 1,000 ft
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Map No. 38: Describe the geology of the areas with a suitable cross section
Scale 1 inch = 1,000 ft
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Map No. 38: Describe the geology of the areas with a suitable cross section
Scale 1 inch = 1,000 ft
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Map No. ;<:
Describe the geology of the areas with a suitable cross section
Scale 1 inch = 1,000 ft
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Scale 1 inch = 1,000 ft
Map No. ;<:
Describe the geology of the areas with a suitable cross section
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Map No. 3- / I aults. Coc&s mar&e 4 an 6 are igneous roc&s. All other roc&s are seimentary roc&s. 4escribe the geology of the areas !ith a suitable cross section.
Scale 1 inch = 1,000 ft
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Map No. 3- / I aults. Coc&s mar&e 4 an 6 are igneous roc&s. All other roc&s are seimentary roc&s. 4escribe the geology of the areas !ith a suitable cross section.
Scale 1 inch = 1,000 ft
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY
