This paper describes the design and analyzes the Pelton wheel for generating power of 400 Watt. A Pelton wheel is considered as an impulse turbine, a turbine that converts pressure head into velocity head. This thesis is to calculate the input power,
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PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS.
THE ROJECT NTITLED
S RESS SI S BMITTE
PLE
EXPERIME TAL A ALYS S OF ND ADVANC D PEL ON W EEL
IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMEN OF THE REQUIRE DEGR E OF BA HELOR
F ENGIN ERING I
ECHANICAL E GINEE ING S BMITT D BY
1.
r. MITH IWALA
HIRAG
2.
r. PATE
3.
r. GAJE A CHINTAN
64920
4.
r. VALA KULDIP
5481
DHAVA
64913 64916
ENT FO
THE
THE PROJECT ENTITLED
STRESS & EX ER ERIM IMEN EN AL ANALYSIS OF SIM SI M LE AND
UBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULLFILL
DVANCED PELTO
WHEEL
ENT OF T E REQUIREMENT FOR THE DE DEGR GR E OF
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN
MECHANICAL EN ENGI GINE NEER ERII G
SUBMITTE
ALA AL A CH CHII AG
BY
1.
r. MI MITH THAI AI
2.
r. PATEL
3.
r. GAJERA CHINTAN
64 20
4.
r. VALA K LDIP
54 1
HAVAL
64 13
64 16
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the seminar entitled “STRESS & EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE AND ADVANCED PELTON WHEEL” submitted by Mr. Mithaiwala Chirag (64913), Mr. Patel Dhaval (64916), Mr. Gajera Chintan (64920), Mr. Vala Kuldip (5481) in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree in “BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING” of the C.K.Pithawalla college of Engineering & Technology, Surat is a record of their own work carried out under my supervision and guidance. The matter embodied in the report has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree or diploma.
GUIDED BY:
CO-GUIDED BY:
EXAMINER’S CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
This is to certify that the project entitled “STRESS & EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE & ADVANCED PELTON WHEEL” submitted by Mr. Mithaiwala Chirag (64913), Mr Patel Dhaval (64916), Mr. Gajera Chintan (64920), Mr. Vala Kuldip (5481), in partial fulfillment of the requirement for award of the degree in “BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING” of the C.K.Pithawalla college of Engineering & Technology, Surat is hereby approved for the award of the degree.
EXAMINERS: 1.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It has been great privilege for me to work under estimated personality respected Mr. Samip P. Shah Sir highly intelligent, experienced and qualified lecturer in Mechanical Engg. Dept. C.K.P.C.E.T. Surat. It is my achievement to be guided under him. He is a constant source of encouragement and momentum that any intricacy becomes simple. I gained a lot of in valuable guidance and prompt suggestions from him during entire project work. I will be indebted of him for ever and I take pride to work under him. We are thankful to Mr. Gaurang C. Chaudhary Sir who has guided us and helped us during project work. W are also thankful to Mr.Anish H. Gandhi (H.O.D.) to provide us facility like laboratory & workshop and being kindly helpful in this project.
CONTENTS
-ABSTRACT -NOMENCLATURES
I II
-LIST OF FIGURE
IV
-LIST OF PLATES
VI
-LIST OF GRAPHS 1. INTRODUCTION
VII 1-13
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO HYDRO POWER PLANT
1
1.2 GENERAL LAYOUT OF A HYDRO POWER PLANT
2
1.2.1 GROSS HEAD
3
1.6.1 HYDRAULIC EFFICIENCY ( ɳ h)
11
1.6.2 MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY ( ɳ m)
12
1.6.3 VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY ( ɳ V)
12
1.6.4 OVERALL EFFICIENCY ( ɳ O)
12
1.7 COMPARISION BETWEEN SIMPLE & ADVANCE PELTON WHEEL
13
1.7.1 SIMPLE PELTON WHEEL
13
1.7.2 ADVANCE PELTON WHEEL
13
2. LITRATURE REVIEW
2.1 LITRATURE REVIEW RELATED TO THEORETICAL APPROACH 2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW RELATED TO ADVANCE PELTON WHEEL
14-27
14 18
4.4 GRAPHIC USER INTERFACE OF PRO/ENGINEER
34
4.4.1 MENU BAR
34
4.4.2 TOOLCHESTS
35
4.4.3 NAVIGATION AREA
35
4.4.4 GRAPHIC WINDOWS
35
4.4.5 DASHBOARD
36
4.4.6 INFORMATION AREA
36
4.5 MODELING OF BUCKET 5. STRESS ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE AND ADVANCED PELTON WHEEL
36 38-43
5.1 INTRODUCTION
38
5.2 MODELING
38
6.3 MANUFACTURING OF HOOP
47
7. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
49-52
7.1 DATA OF PRACTICAL SET UP
50
7.2 SAMPLE CALCULATION
50
8. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
53-74
9. CONCLUSION
75
10. FUTURE SCOPE
76
APPENDIX - A
77
STRESS ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE AND ADVANCED PELTON WHEEL
APPENDIX – B
EXPERIMENTAL
DATA
&
RESULTS
OF
SIMPLE
PELTON WHEEL
APPENDIX
C
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
& RESULTS OF
ADVANCED ADVANCED
ABSTRACT
In this project we have checked newly develop design known as hooped runner or advanced pelton wheel in which there are two hoops which supports the bucket from back side and giving it to rest on it. The new design is based on redistribution of the function of different parts of pelton wheel. In conventional runner the jet of water is directly strike to splitter of the bucket and transfers the force to it than buckets convert it into momentum by which the shaft is rotate and giving us power. Whereas in advanced pelton wheel bucket does not directly transport the force to the runner but transfer the force via these hoops and these hoops is connected to shaft and by that producing the power so due to hooped runner bucket act as simply supported beam comparing to simple pelton wheel so stress developed in hooped pelton is less due to this construction. In this project we want to achieve some critical data like stress developed and efficiency by which we can choose that which have batter overall performance. For stress analysis we use ANSYS
NOMENCLATURES d = Inlet pipe diameter (m) dj = Jet diameter (m) D = Mean diameter of runner (m) Fu = Force on runner (N) 2
g = Gravitational force (m/sec ) H = Net Head (m) Hg = Gross Head (m) Hf = Friction Head (m) Kv1 = Velocity of co-efficient m = Jet Ratio N = Speed (rpm) Ns = Specific Speed (rpm)
Greek Symbols β1 = Inlet angle of bucket β2 = Outlet angle of bucket δ = Half length of bucket ɳ h
= Hydraulic Efficiency
ɳ m
= Mechanical Efficiency
ɳ v
= Volumetric Efficiency
ɳ o
= Overall Efficiency 3
ρ = Density of water (1000 kg/m ) Ψ = Angle (in general)
LIST OF FIGURE
FIGURE
NAME
NO.
PAGE NO.
1.1
Hydraulic turbine and electrical generator
2
1.2
General layout of hydraulic power plant
3
1.3.1
Classification according to action of fluid on moving fluid
4
1.3.2
Classification according to direction of flow of fluid in runner
4
1.4.1
Pelton turbine original patent document
7
1.4.2
Bucket geometric definitions
8
1.5.1
Straight flow nozzle
9
1.5.2
Runner of pelton wheel
10
2.2.4
Arrangements of the hoops
21
2.2.5
Hydraulic efficiency of traditional runner and hooped
22
runner with no adaptation of the hoops. 2.2.6
Comparison of efficiency between a traditional runner and
22
a modified hooped runner 2.2.7
Tangential displacement of the hoops at synchronous speed
23
2.2.8
Equivalent stress at synchronous speed
24
2.2.9
Displacement of Traditional Runner of Pelton Wheel
25
2.2.10
Tangential Displacement of the Hoop (Double hoop)
26
2.2.11
Equivalent Stress (Double Hoop)
26
3.1
Construction of pelton runner blade
28
3.2
Bucket used in this project
29
Pro/Engineer in the industry
31
4.1.1
LIST OF PLATES
PLATE NO.
NAME
PAGE NO.
1
Front and back view of Bucket used in this model
46
2
Hooped pelton wheel
47
3
Hooped pelton wheel after balancing
48
4
Test rig used for experiment
49
5
Hooped runner mounted on shaft.
50
LIST OF GRAPHS
GRAPH
NAME
NO. 8.1
PAGE NO.
Max eq. Stress v/s Speed at Q = 0.01 m3/sec (simple pelton
53
wheel) 8.2
Min eq. stress v/s Speed at Q = 0.01 m3/sec (simple pelton
54
wheel) 8.3
Max displacement v/s Speed at Q = 0.01 m3/sec (simple
54
pelton wheel) 8.4
Max eq. stress v/s Speed at Q = 0.00666 m3/sec (simple
55
pelton wheel) 8.5
Min eq. stress v/s Speed at Q = 0.00666 m3/sec (simple pelton
55
wheel) 8.6
Max displacement v/s Speed at Q = 0.00666 m3/sec (simple
56
8.15
Max displacement v/s Speed at Q = 0.01 m3/sec (Advance
60
pelton wheel) 8.16
Max Stress v/s Speed at Q = 0.00666 m 3/sec (Advance pelton
61
wheel) 8.17
Min Stress v/s Speed at Q = 0.00666 m 3/sec (Advance pelton
61
wheel) 8.18
Max displacement v/s Speed at Q = 0.00666 m3/sec (Advance
62
pelton wheel) 8.19
Max Stress v/s Speed at Q = 0.005 m 3/sec (Advance pelton
62
wheel) 8.20
Min Stress v/s Speed at Q = 0.005 m3/sec (Advance pelton
63
wheel) 8.21
Max displacement v/s Speed at Q = 0.005 m3/sec (Advance
63
pelton wheel) 8.22
Max Stress v/s Speed at Q = 0.0033 m 3/sec (Advance pelton wheel)
64
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT [1] The purpose of a Hydro-electric plant is to produce power from water flowing under pressure. As such it incorporates i ncorporates a number of water driven prime-movers known as Water turbines.
The world’s First Hydroelectric Power Plant Began Operation September 30, 1882.When you look at rushing waterfalls and rivers, you may not immediately think of electricity. But hydroelectric (water-powered) power plants are responsible for lighting many of our homes and neighborhoods. On September 30, 1882, the world's first hydroelectric power plant began operation on the Fox River in Appleton, Wisconsin. The plant, later named the Appleton Edison Light Company, was initiated by Appleton paper manufacturer H.F. Rogers, who had been inspired by Thomas Edison's plans for an electricity-producing
