Continental Steel Pte Ltd 100 Gul Circle Singapore 629586 Tel: +65 68620033 Fax: +65 68616448, 68625963/4006
Web: www.consteel.com.sg
PRODUCTS HANDBOOK Structural Steel 2006 2006 Edition
Subsi Su bsidi diar ary y Com Compa pani nies: es:
Contin Cont inent ental al Ha Hard rdwa ware re (M (M)) Sdn Sdn Bhd Viewforth Trading and Engineering Pte Ltd Conblast Industries Pte Ltd Con-Struct Engineering Technology Pte Ltd
CONTENT
The Company Profile Services
1 1 2
Explanatory Notes General information Introduction
9 9 9
Materials - EN10025 : 2004 is the new European standard for structural steel
10
History of the standard The new standard EN 10025 : 2004 Grade designation systems
10 10 11
Grades, properties and nearest equivalents Manufacturing tolerances Comparison between general structural steel specifications
13 16 17
Section Properties Dimensional units Mass and force units
18 21 21
Compar Com pariso ison n Betwe Between en Hot Hot Fini Finishe shed d and and Cold Cold Form Formed ed Holl Hollow ow Sect Section ions s
22
Introduction Specifications Manufacture of hollow sections Section properties Structural performance Compression resistance Web bearing and buckling Tension, shear and bending
22 22 23 24 25 26 26 26
Summary
27
Fire resistance
27
Externally protected columns Internally protected columns Cost comparisons Universal Beams and Columns General Rolling tolerances - EN 10034 : 1993 Metric sizes Imperial sizes
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
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31 31 32 34 40
Cellular Beams Section sizes
57 57
Castellated Beams Section sizes
58 58
Structural Tees General Metric sizes Imperial sizes
63 63 64 68
Bearing Piles General Metric sizes Imperial sizes
77 77 78 80
Hot Finished Ellipcon Sections General Ellipcon sections Semi Ellipcon sections
83 83 84 85
Hot Finished Hollow Sections General Comparable specifications Product specifications Chemical composition Mechanical properties Tensile test Charpy V-notch impact test
87 87 87 88 88 88 88 88
Manufacturing tolerances Other specifications Circular sections Square sections Rectangular sections Cold Formed Hollow Sections General Comparable specifications Product specifications Chemical composition Mechanical properties Tensile test Charpy V-notch impact test Manufacturing tolerances Other specifications
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89 90 91 96 10 0 105 105 10 5 106 10 6 1 06 106 1 06 1 07 1 07
Circular sections Square sections Rectangular sections
>>>>
Channels Rolling tolerances - EN 10279 : 2000
108 111 116
119 119
Tapered Flange Metric sizes
120 120
Imperial sizes
121
Parallel Flange
124
General
125 125
Introduction Material specifications Storage and handling Holing and cleating for C Purlins
125 125 126 127
Plain Channels Lipped Channels High-Tensile Galvanised C Purlins High-Tensile Galvanised Z Purlins
129 130 132 133
Rolling tolerances - EN 10056-2 : 1993 Equal Angles Unequal Angles
135 135 136 138
Flat Bars Square Bars
139 139 141
Deformed and Round Bars
142
Product specifications
143 143
Main specifications List of standard specifications Mild Steel Plates Chequered Plates
143 144 148 149
JIS G3452 (1988) SGP BS 1387 (1985) API 5L (1991) and ASTM A53 (1997) Chemical composition Mechanical properties
153 153 154 156 156 156
Section sizes
157
Purlins
Angles
Bars
Plates
Pipes
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Steel Sheet Piles PU Steel Sheet Piles Mechanical properties Dimensions and sectional properties
169 169 169 169
Interlocking options Dimensional tolerances Handling holes and double piles
170 170 170
KSP Steel Sheet Piles Mechanical properties Dimensions and sectional properties Interlocking options Dimensional tolerances Recommended maximum lengths for driving
171 171 171 172 172 172
KSP Straight Web Sections Mechanical properties Dimensions and sectional properties Dimensional tolerances
173 173 173 174
General Sizes
175 175
Gratings
Appendix Conversion factors
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177
LIST OF TABLE
Note: Section tables are not numbered and put in the list, except from High-Tensile Galvanised C and Z Purlins, Mild Steel Plates, Chequered Plates, API 5L (1991) and ASTM A53 (1997) pipes, Steel Sheet Piles to EN 10248:1996 and Other Steel Sheet Piles. Table 1 - EN 10025 : part 2 : 2004 Non-alloy structural steels
13
Table 2 - EN 10025 : part 3 : 2004 Normalised/normalised rolled
14
Table 3 - EN 10025 : part 4 : 2004 Thermo mechanically rolled
14
Table 4 - EN 10025 : part 5 : 2004 Structural steels with improved atmospheric
15
Table 5 - EN 10025 : part 6 : 2004 Flat products of high yield strength structural steels
15
Table 6 - Comparison between general structural steel specifications
17
Table 7 - Conditions for welding cold-deformed zones and adjacent material
25
Table 8 - Fire resistance: Cost comparison - universal columns vs. circular hollows
29
Table 9 - Fire resistance: Cost comparison - universal columns vs. rectangular hollows
29
Table 10 - Universal Beams and Columns: Standard specifications
31
Table 11 - Structural Tees: Standard specifications
63
Table 12 - Bearing Piles: Standard specifications
77
Table 13 - Hot Finished Hollow Sections: Comparable specifications
87
Table 14 - Hot Finished Hollow Sections: Mechanical properties
88
Table 15 - Hot Finished Hollow Sections: Manufacturing tolerances
89
Table 16 - Cold Formed Hollow Sections: Comparable specifications
105
Table 17 - Cold Formed Hollow Sections: Mechanical properties
106
Table 18 - Cold Formed Hollow Sections: Manufacturing tolerances
107
Table 19 - Purlins: Material specifications and tolerances
125
Table 20 - Purlins: Tolerances on length and thickness
126
Table 21 - High-Tensile Galvanised Purlins: Mechanical properties/Tolerances
126
Table 22 - High-Tensile Galvanised Purlins: Cleat holes position
128
Table 23 - High-Tensile Galvanised C-Purlins: Section sizes
132
Table 24 - High-Tensile Galvanised Z-Purlins: Section sizes
133
Table 25 - Plates: List of standards specifications
147
Table 26 - Plates: Sizes of Mild Steel Plates
149
Table 27 - Plates: Sizes of Chequered Plates
149
Table 28 - API 5L and ASTM A53 Pipes: Chemical composition
156
Table 29 - API 5L and ASTM A53 Pipes: Mechanical properties
156
Table 30 - PU Steel Sheet Piles: Section sizes
169
Table 31 - PU Steel Sheet Piles: Interlocking options
170
Table 32 - PU Steel Sheet Piles: Dimensional tolerances
170
Table 33 - KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Mechanical properties
171
Table 34 - KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Section sizes and properties
171
Table 35 - KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Interlocking options
172
Table 36 - KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Dimensional tolerances
172
Table 37 - KSP Straight Web Sections: Mechanical properties
173
Table 38 - KSP Straight Web Sections: Section sizes and properties
173
Table 39 - KSP Straight Web Sections: Interlocking strength
173
Table 40 - KSP Straight Web Sections: Dimensional tolerances
174
Table 41 - Gratings: Sizes
175
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
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LIST OF FIGURES
Note: Drawings from section tables are not numbered and put in this list, except from High-Tensile Galvanised C and Z Purlins, Mild Steel Plates, Chequered Plates, API 5L (1991) and ASTM A53 (1997) pipes, Steel Sheet Piles to EN 10248:1996 and Other Steel Sheet Piles. Figure 1 - Effect of cold working on material properties for cold formed hollow sections
24
Figure 2 - Comparison of corner radius of hot finished and cold formed hollow sections
24
Figure 3 - Compression/Slenderness curves for columns
26
Figure 4 - Universal Beams and Columns: Section shapes
31
Figure 5 - Structural Tees: Section shapes
63
Figure 6 - Bearing Piles: Section shape
77
Figure 7 - Twist of square or rectangular hollow sections
90
Figure 8 - How to measure cross-sectional dimensions of hollow sections
90
Figure 9 - C and Z Purlins
125
Figure 10 - Holing and cleats for C purlins
127
Figure 11 - PU Steel Sheet Piles: Dimensions
169
Figure 12 - KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Dimensions
171
Figure 13 - KSP Straight Web Sections: Dimensions
173
Figure 14 - Gratings: Dimensions
175
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
The Company Being one of the biggest premier steel suppliers throughout the region, Continental Steel has the first fully covered multi-storey warehouse that occupies a floor area of 350,000 sq. ft. The warehouse has facilities that allows the following services: a) Rust protected storage b) Larger stockholding capacity that can accommodate 150,000 tons of material c) 24 heavy-duty over-head cranes remotely controlled, some of which are magnetic d) Ability to service 12 container trucks at any one time e) Advanced handling system ensures quick delivery and turn around time f)
Conducive working environment for more productive workforce in rain or shine
g) Ability to operate 24hr shifts to meet extra large quantity deadlines. Continental Steel Pte Ltd is a CIDB registered supplier in the L5 category for all structural steel
Apart from being the supplier of a comprehensive range of quality steel sections, Continental Steel aims to extend its commitment to customers by enhancing its services and adding new facilities. A dedicated team is tasked to provide technical support so as to advise the proper usage of steel and assist customers in using the products to its best advantage.
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
1
SERVICES
• Technical support
• Auto Cut and Bend operations
With a new team of highly qualified engineers we can advise our customers on the correct use of structural steel and provide help on the structural design.
• Shearing of steel plate Shearing facility that sizes steel plates up to 20mm thickness and maximum 6.1m width.
In current competitive business environment, efficiency and product specialization are the essence to a business survival and profitability. So for building contractors and developers, material usage control and wastage management plus other fixed overhead investments like machinery and work-shop space should be kept at a minimum level. To meet this demand we had invested both machinery, skill workers and other infra-structure to provide cut to size and bend to shape reinforcement bars services. Thus removing building contractors and developers tons of on-site work. Our company is also a HDB approved cut and bend service provider. Powerful hydraulic cutters are being used to cut high tensile reinforcement bars and having capacity to cut bars up to a diameter of 40mm. With auto feeding and measuring mechanism in corporate into the cutter, out-put of the cutting operation could be optimized. Furthermore overhead cranes facilities provide efficiency in both moving reinforcement bars from storage bay to production area and from production area to lorry for timely delivery.
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Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Dimensions and bend angles checks are part of the work process to ensure the end product meet customers' requirement. All bending activities are either fully automatic or machines assisted. Optimal layout of bending machines provides valuable space for storing finished products. Furthermore it provides capacity to bend bars up to 12 meters length. Thus out-sourcing cut and bend activities by contractors and developers assist them in managing their resources far more efficiently and effectively.
•
CNC Drilling & Bandsawing Line System
The steel construction industry faces many challenges in this 21st century. Steel fabrication demands a fast track job, with complex detail and minimum tolerance to remain in competitive market. Continental Steel provides cut to length steel material, subsequently no wastage in construction site. With our automatic drilling and sawing service, we offer flexibility, productivity and reliability of steel products to meet customer's high standard requirements and tight schedule. With computerized measuring system, we ensure the highest accuracy in steel cutting and drilling. Whether your requirements call for complex or simple detail, large or small scale project, Continental Steel is your source for all CNC drilling and sawing requirements.
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
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Services
The Kaltenbach 3 axis CNC drilling machine KD 1015 provides state of the art drilling to suit a wide range of material requirements. KD series have two horizontal and one vertical axis drill spindle, with a maximum drill capacity of 40 mm and are fitted as standard with an auto tool changer.
The Control Desk with graphical user interface under Windows and Touch-Screen Monitors ensures a fast and easy programming of the machine. Working Range and Technical Data: Angle steel max (mm) 250 x 250 x 28 U Steel max(mm) 400 x 110 H beam max (mm) 1,000 x 400
Features of the KD machine:
Drilling unit:
- Machine gantry designed with robust welded construction
Vertical (Y-axis) (pc) Horizontal (Z- and W-axes)(pc) Drill diameter (mm)
- Programmed spindle speeds are automatically assigned to each drill diameter - Automatic drill offset by touch sensing of the drill tips against the material - Lowering program for all three drill bits - Electro-mechanical drill feed using ball bearing spindle with servo motor - Automatic cross-section measuring - Fast and precise drill spindles positioning via ball screw drive and servo motors.
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1 2 10 - 40
Features
-
Short setup times due to NC-controlled mitre angle setting and automatic cycle control (clamping - sawing- releasing)
-
Enhanced band life thanks to full-stroke hydraulic band tensioning with auto stand-by tension feature, plus coolant atomizer system.
-
Secure material clamping via selfadjusting machine vise.
-
Coolant Atomizer System for efficiently lubrification and cooling of the
Future expansion of new drilling technology will satisfy steel industry with advanced bolt connection for structural steel work industry. A new Thermal Friction Drilling system will bush length up to 3 times the original thickness. This system produces perfectly formed bushes using a combination of rotation speed and pressure to locally heat the material, forming a bush in various thickness of metal. The Band saw KBS 1001 DG was developed for the special requirements of steel construction and steel suppliers and combine solid machine construction with high performance elements. The large cutting range, even for acutely angled mitresquares on both sides, combined with compact construction, particularly distinguish this Bandsaw.
of the KBS Bandsaw:
sawband. Via the graphical user surface Proficut, running under Windows, the machine could be programmed. The software is able to import DSTV or CSV files from customers' software. Different functions like a Material database, a part database or an order management module makes programming fast and very easy.
A Hydraulic saw band feed, infinitely variable at the freestanding control cabinet (feed control by proportional valve technology) and a 7.5 KW strong drive motor with infinitely cutting speeds ensures perfect cutting performance.
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
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Services
Cutting range: Round material
90
mm
500
Bundles:
90
mm
600 x 500
Square
90
mm
1,000 x 500
Beams
45
mm
640 X 500
30
mm
400 x 500
° ° ° ° °
Mitre Cutting range
degrees 45 - 90 - 30
Technical data:
6
Band dimensions
mm
8,250 x 54 x 1.6
Drive capacity
KW
7.5
Cutting speeds
m/min
16-100
The efficiency and productivity of both machines are improved by auto measuring system, rollerway and material handling equipment. With a uniform control, Continental can achieve the optimum production environment In concert with our Quality Assurance program and continuous inspection control, we are in the edge in providing best flexibility, productivity and reliability of steel saw and drill service. We welcome the challenge to become your supplier of high quality ready-to-use steel products to be delivered on time.
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
• Auto shot blasting and painting For better steel finishes and protection, the fully automatic shot blasting machines attend to the steel treatment needs with the provision of inhouse painting.
• Fully computerised administrative system Computer networks that ensure quicker and more efficient administration fully support the office procedures from quotations to delivery.
• Galvanising Hot dip galvanising provides the permanent good appearance and freedom from maintenance that ensures long service life.
• In house delivery service Having a highly motivated team of delivery staff and efficient transportation services, just in time requirements can be achieved. There are 24 heavy-duty over-head cranes remotely controlled, some of which are magnetic with up to 12 tons loading capacity. A mobile crane with maximum 30 tons lifting capacity is also available to ensure unloading at any construction site. As one of the leading steel suppliers, Continental Steel has set up an industrial standard in the region. The company also has the capability of providing steels to the exact specified requirements for different needs.
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
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8
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Explanatory Notes
General information All weights and measures shown on invoices will be governed by standards of the respective specifications so offered. Care has been taken to ensure that all data and information herein are factual and that numerical values are accurate. To the best of our knowledge, all information contained in this handbook is accurate at the time of publication. Continental Steel Pte Ltd assumes no responsibility for errors in or misinterpretati on of the information contained in this handbook or in its use.
Introduction To serve the increasing demands for more section types and to create the awareness on the proper use of steel, we have come up with a new product catalogue. The new handbook has a more comprehensive range of products and useful technical information, and it also functions as a design reference for the consultants and a product catalogue for our customers. To help our customers to proper design and use of steel we have also extended the business by offering our customers technical support from our team of Structural Engineers. The catalogue contains up-to-date materials standards specifications. Note that new European standards supersede most of the old British Standards, see sections “Materials” and “Manufacturing tolerances” under this chapter, and the design guide BS 5950 substitutes BS 449. The content list of our new catalogue shows that we have increased the range of section types and sizes. This is to give our customers a bigger choice when selecti ng material and more room for imagination, innovation and flexibility when designing and planning for new structures. With more sections to choose from, the designers will have opportunities to make better and more cost efficient designs, by selecting the section size closest to that required. Some of the new section types we have added to our product list are: Structural Tees Cellular Beams Hot Finished Ellipcon Sections, elliptical and semi elliptical Parallel Flange Channels High-Tensile Galvanised C and Z Purlins. The new catalogue also contains a comparison between hot finished and cold formed hollow sections. We included this because substitutio n of cold formed sections for hot finished sections are very common in this region, but not everybody knows the differences between the two section types. The first few pages of the catalogue give a short resume of the compa ny profile and the services we provide. The summary shows that we have extended our business by adding more value to the steel we supply to our customers. Our steel suppliers are mills with third party certifications, such as ISO, CARES and/or Lloyd’s.
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
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Explanatory Notes
Materials - EN10025 : 2004 is the new European standard for structural steel EN 10025 : 2004 is the new European standard for structural steel. It shows the new grades, properties and the nearest equivalent grades from former standards including EN 10025 : 1993. The grade designation system is also explained.
History of the standard The European Committee for Iron and Steel Standardisation is responsible for producing the European Standards (ENs) for structural steels. The first of these standards, EN 10025, was published in the UK by BSI as EN 10025 : 1990, partly superseding BS 4360 : 1986, which was re-issued as BS 4360 : 1990. In 1993, a second edition of EN 10025 was made available together with EN 10113 : parts 1, 2 & 3 and EN 10155. In June 1994, EN 10210 : part 1 was published and at the same time BS 4360 was officially withdrawn. The balance of the BS 4360 steels not affected by these ENs were re-issued in new British Standards BS 7613 and BS 7668. In 1996, with the publication of EN 10137, BS 7613 was withdrawn. BS 7668 will remain until an EN for atmospheric corrosion resistant hollow sections is available In 2004 the standard EN 10025 was revised to address the provisions of EU Construction Products Directive (89/106/EEC). It is now published in six parts to bring together almost all the 'Structural Metallic Products' into one comprehensive standard.
The new standard EN 10025 : 2004 The new standard is published in six parts and draws together earlier standards to produce one standard for the majority of structural steel products. The parts are: • Part 1 - General technical delivery conditions. • Part 2 - Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy structural steels. Supersedes EN 10025 : 1993 • Part 3 - Technical delivery conditions for normalised / normalised rolled weldable fine grain structural steels. Supersedes EN 10113 : parts 1 & 2 : 1993 • Part 4 - Technical delivery conditions for thermo mechanically rolled weldable fine grain structural steels. Supersedes EN 10113 : parts 1 & 3 : 1993 • Part 5 - Technical delivery conditions for structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance - also known as weathering steels. Supersedes EN 10155 : 1993 • Part 6 - Technical delivery conditions for flat products of high yield strength structural steels in the quenched and tempered condition. Supersedes EN 10137 : parts 1 & 2 : 1996
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Grade designation systems The designation systems used in the new standard are similar but not identical to EN 10025 : 1993 and very different to the familiar BS 4360 designations so the guide below has been prepared to assist purchasers, specifiers, designers and users of steel.
Symbols used in EN 10025 : part 2 : 2004 Non-alloy structural steels S...
Structural steel
E...
Engineering steel
.235...
Minimum yield strength (Reh) in MPa @ 16mm
...JR..
Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts 27 J @ +20 C
...J0..
Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts 27 J @ 0 C
...J2..
Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts 27 J @ -20 C
...K2..
Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts 40 J @ -20 C
°
°
° °
...+AR Supply condition as rolled ...+N
Supply condition normalised or normalised rolled
Customer options ...C..
Grade suitable for cold forming
...Z..
Grade with improved properties perpendicular to the surface
Examples: S235JR+AR, S355K2C+N
Symbols used in EN 10025 : part 3 : 2004 Normalised/normalised rolled weldable fine grain structural steels S...
Structural steel
.275...
Minimum yield strength (Reh) in MPa @ 16mm
...N..
Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts at a temperature not lower than -20 C
...NL..
Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts at a temperature not lower than -50 C
° °
Customer options ...Z..
Grade with improved properties perpendicular to the surface
Examples: S275N, S420NL Z35
Symbols used in EN 10025 : part 4 : 2004 Thermo mechanically rolled weldable fine grain structural steels S...
Structural steel
.275...
Minimum yield strength (Reh) in MPa @ 16mm
...M..
Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts at a temperature not lower than -20 C
...ML..
Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts at a temperature not lower than -50 C
° °
Customer options ...Z..
Grade with improved properties perpendicular to the surface
Examples: S355M, S460ML Z25
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
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Explanatory Notes
Symbols used in EN 10025 : part 5 : 2004 Structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance - also known as weathering steels S...
Structural steel
.355...
Minimum yield strength (Reh) in MPa @ 16mm
...J0..
Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts 27 J @ 0 C
...J2..
Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts 27 J @ -20 C
...K2..
Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts 40 J @ -20 C
...W..
Improved atmospheric corrosion resistance
...P..
Greater phosphorus content (grade S355 only)
°
° °
...+AR Supply condition as rolled ...+N
Supply condition normalised or normalised rolled
Customer options ...Z..
Grade with improved properties perpendicular to the surface
Examples: S235J0W+AR, S355K2W+N Z25
Symbols used in EN 10025 : part 6 : 2004 Flat products of high yield strength structural steels in the quenched and tempered condition S...
Structural steel
.460...
Minimum yield strength (Reh) in MPa @ 16mm
...Q..
Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts at a temperature not lower than -20 C
...QL..
Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts at a temperature not lower than -40 C
° °
...QL1.. Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts at a temperature not lower than -60 C °
Customer options ...Z..
Grade with improved properties perpendicular to the surface
Examples: S460Q, S690QL
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Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Grades, properties and nearest equivalents The tables below show the grades, properties and nearest equivalent grades from earlier standards. The grade designations are explained on the previous pages.
Comparison between grades in EN 10025 : part 2 : 2004 and nearest equivalent versions in EN 10025 : 1993 and BS 4360 : 1990 EN 10025 : part 2 : 2004 Grade
Yield (Reh) min
Tensile (Rm)
Charpy V-notch longitudinal
S185
185
290/510
BS 4360 : 1990
Grade
Grade
Energy (J) t =16mm
o
Strength at t = 16mm (MPa)
EN 10025 : 1993
Temp ( C) -
-
S185
-
-
-
S235
40A
20
27
S235JRG1/G2
40B
0
27
S235J0
40C
-20
27
S235J2G3/G4 S235J2G3 /G4
40D
-
-
S275
43A
20
27
S275JR
43B
0
27
S275J0
43C
-20
27
S275J2G3/G4 S275J2G3 /G4
43D
-
-
S355
50A
20
27
S355JR
50B
0
27
S355J0
50C
S355J2
-20
27
S355J2G3/G4 S355J2G3 /G4
50D
S355K2
-20
40
S355K2G3/ G4
50DD
1
-
S235JR
2
235
S235J0
360/510
S235J2 1
-
S275JR
2
275
S275J0
410/560
S275J2 1
-
S355JR S355J0
2
355
470/630
E295
295
470/610
-
-
E295
-
S335
335
570/710
-
-
S335
-
E360
360
650/830
-
-
E360
-
1 MPa = 1 N/mm 2
Table 1 – EN 10025 : part 2 : 2004 Non-alloy structural steels
Notes 1
For all products products to be complian compliantt with the EU Constru Construction ction Products Products Directive Directive (CPD (CPD 89/106/EC 89/106/EC)) the material material must offer a guaranteed minimum impact performance. This has resulted in the removal of this grade from the standard, and the lowest grade now offered is the JR version for each yield strength variation.
2
Verificat Ve rification ion of the specifie specified d impact value value is only carried carried out when when agreed agreed at the time time of the enquiry enquiry and order order..
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
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Explanatory Notes
Comparison between grades in EN 10025 : part 3 : 2004 and nearest equivalent versions in EN 10113 : part 2 : 1993 and BS 4360 : 1990 EN 10025 : part 3 : 2004
Grade
Yield (Reh) min
EN 10113 : part 2 : 1993
Tensile (Rm)
Charpy V-notch longitudinal o
Strength at t = 16mm (MPa) S275N
275
Temp ( C)
370/510
S275NL S355N
355
470/630
S355NL S420N
420
520/680
S420NL S460N
460
550/720
S460NL
BS 4360 : 1990
Grade
Grade
Energy (J) t =16mm
-20
40
S275N
43DD
-50
27
S275NL
43EE
-20
40
S355N
50
-50
27
S355NL
50EE
-20
40
S420N
-
-50
27
S420NL
-
-20
40
S460N
55C
-50
27
S460NL
55EE
1 MPa = 1 N/mm 2
Table 2 – EN 10025 : part 3 : 2004 Normalised/normalised rolled
weldable fine grain structural steels
Comparison between grades in EN 10025 : part 4 : 2004 and nearest equivalent versions in EN 10113 : part 3 : 1993 EN 10113 : part 3 EN 10025 : part 4 : 2004 :1993 Grade Grade Yield (Reh) min Tensile (Rm) Charpy V-notch longitudinal Strength at t = 16mm (MPa) S275M S275ML S355M S355ML S420M S420ML S460M S460ML
275
370/510
355
470/630
420
520/680
460
550/720
Temp (°C)
Energy (J) t = 16mm
-20
40
S275M
-50
27
S275ML
-20
40
S355M
-50
27
S355ML
-20
40
S420M
-50
27
S420ML
-20
40
S460M
-50
27
S460ML
1 MPa = 1 N/mm 2
Table 3 – EN 10025 : part 4 : 2004 Thermomechanically rolled
weldable fine grain structural steels
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Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Comparison between grades in EN 10025 : part 5 : 2004 and nearest equivalent versions in EN 10155 : 1993 and BS 4360 : 1990 EN 10025 : part 5 : 2004 EN 10155 : BS 4360 : 1990 1993 Grade Grade Grade Yield (Reh) min Tensile (Rm) Charpy V-notch longitudinal
S235J0W S235J2W S355J0WP S355J2WP
235
360/510
355
470/630
Temp ( C)
S355J0W S355J2W
355
Energy (J) t =16mm
o
Strength at t = 16mm (MPa)
470/630
S355K2W
0
27
S235J0W
-
-20
27
S235J2W
-
0
27
S355J0WP
WR50A
-20
27
S355J2WP
-
0
27
S355J0W
WR50B
-20
27
S355J2W
WR50C
-20
40
S355K2W
WR50D
1 MPa = 1 N/mm 2
Table 4 – EN 10025 : part 5 : 2004 Structural steels with improved atmospheric
corrosion resistance - also known as weathering steels Comparison between grades in EN 10025 : part 6 : 2004 and nearest equivalent versions in EN 10137 : part 2 : 1996 and BS 4360 : 1990 EN 10025 : part 6 : 2004 EN 10137 : part BS 4360 : 1990 2 : 1996 Grade Grade Grade Yield (Reh) min Tensile (Rm) Charpy V-notch longitudinal o
Strength at t = 16mm (MPa)
Temp ( C)
S460Q
Energy (J) t =16mm
0
40
S460Q
-
0
50
S460QL
-
S460QL1
0
60
S460QL1
55F
S500Q
0
40
S500Q
-
0
50
S500QL
-
S500QL1
0
60
S500QL1
-
S550Q
0
40
S550Q
-
0
50
S550QL
-
S550QL1
0
60
S550QL1
-
S620Q
0
40
S620Q
-
0
50
S620QL
-
S620QL1
0
60
S620QL1
-
S690Q
0
40
S690Q
-
0
50
S690QL
-
S690QL1
0
60
S690QL1
-
S890Q
0
40
S890Q
-
0
50
S890QL
-
0
60
S890QL1
-
0
40
S960Q
-
0
50
S960QL
-
S460QL
S500QL
S550QL
S620QL
S690QL
S890QL
460
500
550
620
690
890
550/720
590/770
640/820
700/890
770/940
940/1100
S890QL1 S960Q S960QL
960
980/1150
1 MPa = 1 N/mm 2
Table 5 – EN 10025 : part 6 : 2004 Flat products of high yield strength structural steels
in the quenched and tempered condition Note 1 Other impact temperatures can be specified
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Explanatory Notes
The other specifications of structural components referred to in this handbook are mainly as follow: EN 10028 (1993/1997): “Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes” +
EN 10056 -Part1 (1993): "Structural steel equal and unequal leg angles - Dimensions"
EN 10149 (1995/1996): “Hot-rolled flat products made of high yield strength steels for cold forming” #
EN 10210 -Part 1 (1994): "Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain
structural steels" EN 10219 -Part 1 (1997): "Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels" SS104 (1996): "Cold formed steel sections for general structures" Some of the standards mentioned above are new European standards superseding the old British Standards BS 4360: “Weldable structural steels” (1986) and BS 6363: “Welded cold formed steel structural hollow sections” (1983). Material to other specifications such as ASTM, AS and JIS can also be supplied.
Manufacturing tolerances The dimensions, mass and tolerances of the sections are generally as listed in the following standards: BS 4 -Part 1 (1993): "Structural Steel Sections" for hot rolled universal beams and columns and tees cut therefrom, channels, bearing piles and rolled tees #
EN 10029 (1991): “Specifications for tolerances on dimensions, shape and mass for hot rolled steel plates 3mm thick or above” EN 10034 (1993): “Structural steel I and H sections - Tolerances on shape and dimensions” EN 10051 (1992): “Continuously hot-rolled uncoated plate, sheet and strip of non-alloy and alloy steels - Tolerances on dimensions and shape” EN 10056 -Part 2 (1993): "Structural steel equal and unequal leg angles -Tolerances on shape and dimensions”
#+
EN 10210 -Part 2 (1997): "Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain
structural steels" EN 10219 -Part 2 (1997): "Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels" SS104 (1996): "Cold formed steel sections for general structures" for lipped channels Some of the standards mentioned above are new European standards superseding the old British Standards BS 4848 - Part 2: “Hot-rolled structural steel sections - Hot-finished hollow sections” (1991) and BS 6363: “Welded cold formed steel structural hollow sections” (1983). Material to other specifications such as ASTM, AS and JIS can also be supplied. In structural design and construction there are a lot of details to remember. For example, when buying steel beams, columns, bars, plates and pipes, be sure to buy the correct section type, size and grade.If the specified section is not available, check with the designer before any changes to the structure are made. For example, a parallel flange channel can not be substituted with a plain channel without reference to the design engineer. This is because the sections are different both in size and material, the plain channel is cold formed while the parallel flange channel is hot formed, and they have different sectional properties. #
Standards superseding parts of BS4360 1986/1990.
+
16
Standards superseding parts of BS4848 1972/1980/1991.
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In the section “Comparison between hot finished and cold formed hollow sections” we have explained the differences between the two sections, and why cold formed sections can not be used to substitute hot finished sections without rechecking the capacity.
Comparison between general structural steel specifications The following specifications are normally readily available, but offers depend upon acceptance of full specification details or specifications not listed below. Quality
Grade
Min. Yield strength 2
Min. Tensile strength 2
N/mm
ksi
N/mm
ksi
Chemical composition (%, max.) C
Si
Mn
P
S
Nb
BS 4360
43A
275
40
430/580
62/84
0.25 0.50
1.60
0.050
0.0 5
-
(1986)
50B
355
52
490/640
71/93
0.22 0.50
1.50
0.050
0.0 5
0.003/0.10
(superseded)
55C
450
65
550/700
80/102
0.22 0.60
1.60
0.040
0.0 4 0.003/0.10
EN 10025
S275J0
275
40
410/560
59/81
0.18
1.50
0.040
0.04
0.009
(2004)
S355J0
355
52
490/630
71/91
0.20 0.55
1.60
0.040
0.04
0.009
EN 10113
S275N
275
40
370/510
54/74
0.20 0.40 0.5/1.40
0.035
0.03
0.050
(1993)
S355N
355
52
470/630
68/91
0.20 0.50 0.9/1.65
0.035
0.03
0.050
460M
460
67
530/720
77/104
0.18 0.60
1.70
0.030
0.025
0.05
ASTM A36 (2001)
-
250
36
400/550
58/80
0.26 0.40
-
0.040
0.05
-
ASTM A283
Grade D
230
33
415/550
60/80
0.27 0.40
0.90
0.035
0.04
-
42
290
42
415
60
0.21 0.40
1.35
0.050
0.04
-
50
345
50
450
65
0.23 0.40
1.35
0.050
0.04
-
55
380
55
485
70
0.25 0.40
1.35
0.050
0.04
-
60
415
60
520
75
0.26 0.40
1.35
0.050
0.04
-
65
450
65
550
80
0.23 0.40
1.65
0.050
0.04
-
ASTM A913
50
345
50
450
65
0.12 0.40
1.60
0.040
0.03
0.05
(2001)
65
450
65
550
80
0.16 0.40
1.60
0.030
0.03
0.05
JIS G 3101
SS 400
245
36
400/510
58/74
-
-
-
0.050
0.05
-
(1995)
SS 490
285
41
490/610
71/88
-
-
-
0.050
0.05
-
JIS G 3106
SM 400B
245
36
400/510
58/74
0.20 0.35 0.6/1.40
0.035
0.035
-
(1995)
SM 490B
325
47
490/610
71/88
0.18 0.55
1.60
0.035
0.035
-
SM 490YB
365
53
490/610
71/88
0.20 0.55
1.60
0.035
0.035
-
JIS G 3136
SN 400B
235
34
400/510
58/74
0.20 0.35 0.6/1.40
0.030
0.015
-
(1994)
SN 490B
325
47
490/610
71/88
0.18 0.55
1.60
0.030
0.015
-
SPHC
-
-
270
39
0.15
-
0.60
0.50
0.050
-
SPHD
-
-
270
39
0.10
-
0.50
0.40
0.040
-
SPHE
-
-
270
39
0.10
-
0.50
0.30
0.035
-
AS3679
C250LO
260
38
410
59
0.20 0.40
1.5 0
0.04 0
0.04
-
1996
C350LO
360
52
480
70
0.22 0.50
1.60
0.04 0
0.04
-
GB700-88
Q235
235
34
375/406
54/59
0.22 0.30
0.65
0.045
0.05
-
DIN 17100
St 37.2
235
34
340/470
49/68
0.17
-
-
0.05 0
0.05
-
St 44.2
275
40
410/540
59/78
0.21
-
-
0.05 0
0.05
-
St 50.2
295
43
470/610
68/88
-
-
-
0.05 0
0.05
-
St 52.3
355
51
490/630
71/91
0.20 0.55
1.60
0.04 0
0.04
-
08 KP
-
-
260/380
38/55
0.12 0.03
0.50
0.035
0.04
-
(superseded)
-
(1993) ASTM A572 (2001)
JIS G 3131
GOST1050-88 Notes:
For BS, EN and JIS the values are for sections with thickness less than 16mm.
Table 6 – Comparison between general structural steel specifications
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Explanatory Notes
Section Properties The followings are taken from EN 10210-2 (1997), EN 10219-2 (1997) and BS5950 Volume 1 Design Guide, 5th edition 1997
Corner radius ( r ) For hollow sections the corner radius are taken from EN 10210 and EN 10219, for hot finished hollow sections and cold formed hollow sections respectively.
For hot finished square and rectangular hollow sections: Nominal external corner radius for calculation is
r o=1.5T
Nominal internal corner radius for calculation is
r i=1.0T
For cold formed square and rectangular hollow sections: Nominal external corner radius for calculation is For thickness T 6mm:
r o=2.0T
For thickness 6mm < T 10mm:
r o=2.5T
For thickness T > 10mm:
r o=3.0T
Nominal internal corner radius for calculation is For thickness T 6mm:
r i=1.0T
For thickness 6mm < T 10mm:
r i=1.5T
For thickness T > 10mm:
r i=2.0T
For other section types the manufacturers are using rules from various standard specifications, which will take too much space to include in this handbook. Refer to the respective country’s standards. Second moment of area ( I ) The second moment of area of the section, often referred to as moment of inertia, has been calculated based on first principal, by taking into account all tapers, radii and fillets of the sections. Radius of gyration ( r ) The radius of gyration is a parameter used in buckling calculation and is derived as follows:
I r = A
1
2
where A is the cross-sectional area and I is the second moment of area. For castellated sections, the radius of gyration given is calculated at the net section as required in design to BS 5950: Part 1.
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Elastic Modulus ( Z ) The elastic modulus is used to calculate the moment capacity based on the design strength of the section or the stress at the extreme fibre of the section from a known moment. It is derived as follows:
Z =
I y
where y is the distance to the extreme fibre of the section from the elastic neutral axis and I is the second moment of area. For castellated sections the elastic modulus given are those at the net section. For channels the modulus about the minor axis (y-y) is given at the toe of the section. For angles the elastic modulus about both axes are given at the toes of the section. Plastic Modulus ( S ) The plastic modulus is calculated based on the first principal, by taking moment about the equal area axis. Only the full plastic modulus (S) is given in the tables. When a member is subject to both axial load and bending, the plastic modulus must be reduced to take account of the reduction in plastic moment of resistance. The details for the reduction are given in BS 5950. Buckling parameter ( u ) and torsional index ( x ) The buckling parameter and torsional index used in buckling calculations are derived as follows: For bi-symmetric flanged sections and flanged sections symmetrical about the minor axis only: 1
4 S X 2 u= 2 2 A h A x = 0566 h . J
4
1
2
For flanged sections symmetric about the major axis only:
I y S X 2 u= 2 A H A H x = 1132 . I y J where Sx
1
1
4
2
= is the plastic modulus about the major axis
I y
= 1
I x I y
= is the second moment of area about the major axis
A
= is the cross-sectional area
h H J
I x
= is the second moment of area about the minor axis = is the distance between the shear centres of flanges (for T sections, h is the distance between shear centre of the flange and the toe of the web) = is the warping constant = is the torsion constant
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Explanatory Notes
Warping constant ( H ) For Tee sections cut from UB and UC sections , the warping constant (H) has been derived as given below.
H =
1
3
3
T B +
144
1 36
d
T
3
t 3 2
is the corner radius). T , B, D, d , t and r are given in the section tables ( r is Because this value is very small, it is not tabulated. The warping constants (H) for I, H and channel sections are calculated using the formulae given in the SCI publication (P057) Design of Members Subject to Combined Bending and Torsion . Torsion constant ( J ) For Tee sections cut from UB and UC sections, the torsion constant (J) has been derived as given below. 1 1 J = B T 3 + (d T ) t 3 + 1 D1 4 0.21 T 4 0.105 t 4 3 3
where
t
1
= 0.042 + 0.2204
D1
[(T + r ) + (r + 0.25t ) t ] = [2r + T ]
T
+ 0 .1355
r T
0.0865
t r
T 2
0.0725
t 2 T 2
2
is the corner radius). T , B, D, d , t and r are given in the section tables ( r is The torsion constants (J) for I, H and channel sections are calculated using the formulae given in the SCI publication (P057) Design of Members Subject to Combined Bending and Torsion . For circular hollow sections: J = 2 I For square and rectangular hollow sections:
J =
t3 h
where I t h Ah k
3
+ 2 kAh
= second moment of area = is the thickness of section = is the mean perimeter = 2[( B
t ) + (D
t )] 2 Rc (4
= is the area enclosed by mean perimeter = =
)
( B t )(D t ) Rc 2 (4 )
2 Ah t
h
B = is the breadth of section D = is the depth of section Rc = is the average of internal and external corner radii T , B, D, d , t and r are given in the section tables ( r is the corner radius).
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Torsion modulus constant ( C ) For circular hollow sections: C = 2 Z where Z is the elastic modulus. modulus. For square and rectangular hollow sections:
C =
J k t + t
Dimensional units The dimensions of sections are given in millimetres (mm) and the calculated properties (centroidal distances, cross-sectional cross-sectional areas, radii of gyration, moments of inertia, elastic and plastic modulus) are given in centimetre (cm) units. Surface areas are in square centimetres (cm2). Some of the sections have imperial sizes but the dimensions and sectional properties for these sections are given in the metric system.
Mass and force units The units for force, mass and acceleration are those of the Systeme International (SI). They are the Newton (N), the kilogram (kg) and the metre per second per second (m/s2) so that 1N=1kgx1m/s2. The acceleration due to gravity varies slightly from place to place and for convenience a "standard" value of 9.80665 m/s2 has become generally accepted in structural engineering. With this convention, the force exerted by a mass of 1kg under the action of gravity is the "technical unit" of 9.80665N. In the same way 9.80665 kilo Newton is the force exerted by a mass of 1 tonne (1000kg) under gravity and 1kN the force from a mass of 0.102 tonne.
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Explanatory Notes
Comparison Between Hot Finished and Cold Formed Hollow Hollo w Sections Introduction The objectives of the comparison are to gain an understanding on the differences between hot and cold formed sections, and subsequently, correct applications of the sections. Hot finished hollow sections have been successfully used in primary structures for many years, but there is yet little experience with the use of cold formed sections. Cold formed products differ from the hot finished in many respects. Therefore, Therefore, their use in primary structures must be approached with caution. Thin walled cold formed open sections have been used in construction as secondary members, such as purlins, for a long time. However, there is a growing trend of manufacturing thicker walled cold formed hollow sections and the temptation to introduce them into primary structures. Cold formed hollow sections produced to EN 10219 are suitable for structural use. However, they should not be used as a direct substitute for hot finished hollow sections without reconsideration of the design capacity. With the implementation of the European Standard for cold formed structural hollow sections EN 10219 - there exists a situation of identical grade designations for the majority of the common strength grades used in both the hot finished (EN 10210) and cold formed (EN 10219) standards. For instance, sections with yield strength of 275 N/mm2 and Charpy impact strength of 27 Joules at -20 degrees will have a grade designation of S275J2H in both standards. Common designation can lead to direct substitution and interchanging of the sections. Since cold formed sections generally are weaker than hot finished sections it is essential that products are specified accurately. If a full designation of the steel is given to include both the standard number and the grade/quality of the steel, substitution of cold for hot finished sections can be prevented. For example, a hollow section of yield strength 275N/mm2 and a Charpy impact strength of 27 Joules at -20 degrees should be designated as EN 10210 S275J2H for hot finished and EN 10219 S275J2H for cold formed sections. The BS 5950 Part 1 (1997) are currently being amended, and with the increasing tendency of using cold formed hollow sections in primary structures these sections will probably be included in the new edition. The design rules are not very different from those for hot finished sections, but there are some things a designer has to know and take into consideration. For example, the corner radiuses, section properties, ductility, corner cracking and welding. The differences between the two section types in production, behaviour and design are investigated in this chapter.
Specifications Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels EN 10 1021 2100-1 1 (199 (1994) 4)::
Tec echn hnic ical al del deliv iver ery y requ requir irem emen ents ts
EN 102 10210 10-2 -2 (19 (1997 97): ):
Tol oler eran ance ces, s, dim dimen ensi sion ons s and and sect sectio iona nall prop proper erti ties es
BS 5 95 0-1 :
Stru c tu ral us e of s t ee l work s i n b ui ld i ng - Cod e of practice for design of rolled and welded sections*. *Subject to changes. New BS 5950 Part 1, 1999/2000 (6th edition).
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Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels EN 10219-1 (1997):
Technical delivery requirements
EN 10219-2 (1997):
Tolerances, dimensions and sectional properties
BS 5950-1:
Structural use of steel works in building - Code of practice for design of rolled and welded sections*. *Subject to changes. Design of cold formed hollow sections for primary structures will be included in the new BS 5950 Part 1, 1999/2000 (6th edition).
Manufacture of hollow sections Hot finished hollow sections The manufacture of hot hollow sections involves a number of processes and cold forming may be used initially. However, the hot finished product is characterised by the final forming operation, which is always being carried out in the austenitic state (i.e. above 920 degrees). As a result, the forming operations do not affect the physical properties of the final product, which are uniform around the complete periphery, including the seam weld in continuously welded sections. Cold formed hollow sections The physical properties of the cold formed sections are significantly affected by the method used in producing the strip, section forming processes and the final shape and dimensions of the resulting section. The strip used for the cold formed sections may be hot or cold rolled. Plastic deformation and straining occur during the cold forming operations mentioned below: 1) uncoiling of strips 2) strip flattening 3) forming into a round section 4) welding of round sections 5) circular sections formed into square or rectangle 6) straightening of the curved walls and corners formed Note: Square or rectangular hollow sections are not necessarily formed from round sections, some manufacturers form the square or rectangle directly from strip. Cold forming is known to increase the yield and tensile strength of the materials due to cold working or strain hardening (see Figure 1). However, as the strength increases, ductility decreases. And the process may result in a section in which the strength and ductility vary considerably around the periphery. For example, a test specimen from the flat face of the cold formed section will only indicate the conditions applying to that face. There are also differences in the mechanical property transverse and longitudinally on the section. Thus, cold formed sections must be used with caution and proper design , especially in the use for primary structures. There should be restrictions for the welding of cold formed sections. The corners of these sections are subjected to high residual stress due to cold working. Welding further induces the residual stress at the corners because of high local heating.Corner cracking occurs when the yield stress of these cold formed sections is exceeded by the residual stress built up at the corners.
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Explanatory Notes
Stress Ultimate strength
Increase of yield stress due to strain hardening
Fracture Yield point after cold working
Initial loading
Further loading after cold working
Ductility after cold working
Loss of ductility due to cold working
Strain
Figure 1 – Effect of cold working on material properties for cold formed hollow sections
Section properties Cold formed rectangular and square hollow sections have rounder corners than the hot finished sections. This is to avoid corner cracking from occurring during the formi ng of cold formed sections, because of too sharp corner radius or too thick sections. However, the larger or rounder the corner radius, the smalle r are the cross sectional area, mome nt of inertia, section modulus and radius of gyration, etc. for a given size of section compared with a similar hot finished section. Larger corner radii can make fabrication difficult and require additional weld metal or profiling to produce the right fit-up. This is a problem particularly when connecting one section to the face of another section of similar size (see Figure 2), and can also add to fabrication costs.
The tight corner radii of hot finished sections provide good preparation for welding, especially where members of the same width are to be welded together.
The larger corner radii of cold formed sections will require additional weld metal or additional profiling to produce the required fit-up; both add to fabrication costs, especially where members of the same width are to be welded together.
Figure 2 – Comparison of corner radius of hot finished and cold formed hollow sections
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Structural performance For cold formed sections in tension, the variation of strength around the section could lead to local over-stressing, which together with the reduced ductility in cold formed sections could reduce the capability of the sections to redistribute loads. As local stress redistribution often occurs even in elastic design, the maximum value of yield/ tensile strength ratio should not exceed 80%. This limitation is incorporated in some standards (extract from “Hot formed RHS winning on points” from British Steel). The ductility and Charpy impact toughness for sections to EN 10219 are equivalent to hot finished hollow sections to EN 10210. For the classification of cross sections the limiting width to thickness ratio will need minor adjustments to take into account the residual stresses in the section due to cold forming and the ductility of the material. According to Europe Code 3 (ENV 1993-1-1:1992/A1:1994), welding of cold formed sections should not be carried out in the cold deformed zones or within the adjacent width of 5t each side, see Table 7, unless either: -the cold-deformed zones are normalised after cold-forming but before welding; -the thickness does not exceed the relevant value obtained from Table 7.
Maximum Maximumthickness thickness(mm) (mm) r/t r/t
Strain Straindue dueto tocold cold forming forming(%) (%)
Generally Generally Predominantly Predominantly static staticloading loading
Where Wherefatigue fatigue predominates predominates
Fully Fullykilled killed Aluminium-killed Aluminium-killed steel steel (Al (Al>>0.02%) 0.02%)
>> 25 25
>> 22
Any Any
Any Any
Any Any
>> 10 10
>> 55
Any Any
16 16
Any Any
>> 3.0 3.0
>> 14 14
24 24
12 12
24 24
>> 2.0 2.0
>> 20 20
12 12
10 10
12 12
>> 1.5 1.5
>> 25 25
88
88
10 10
>> 1.0 1.0
>> 33 33
44
44
66
5t 5t tt 5t 5t
r r
Table 7 – Conditions for welding cold-deformed zones and adjacent material Due to stress relief effects, cold formed hollow sections are subject to greater distortion than hot finished sections when subject to shot blasting, galvanising and welding. This can cause local buckling, corner cracking and other deformations, and will obviously have a large impact on the capacity when used as beams and columns.
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Explanatory Notes
Compression resistance For compression members, the design strength should be based on the yield strength of the cold finished section (as given in EN 10219) and not on that of the parent plate. Because of the lower sectional properties and the residual stresses caused by the manufacturing process, a lower column curve (curve C) is used for the col d formed sections co mpared to curve A for the hot finished se ctions. This results in a larger reduction of the compression strength. Figure 3 shows the column curves.
"Strut" Curves 300
2
250
m m / N 200 , h t g n e r t s 150 e v i s s e r 100 p m o C
Curve A
Curve C
50
0 0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Slenderness ratio,
Note : Please refer to BS 5950 for desig n
Figure 3 – Compression/Slenderness curves for columns
Web bearing and buckling Formulae for buckling and bearing for hot finished hollow sections can be found in the SCI Publication Design Guide to the BS 5950: Part 1; Volume 1 Section Properties and member capacities and these may also be used for cold formed sections (extract from New Steel Construction, August/September 1998).
Tension, shear and bending Cold formed members in tension, shear, bending and lateral torsional buckling may be treated in the same way as hot finished hollow sections (extract from New Steel Construction, August/September 1998).
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Summary Light gauge open cold formed sections have been widely used for secondary structures of steelframed buildings, such as purlins. Concern is however on the use of the cold formed hollow sections for primary structures. For a cold formed hollow section of the same nominal size, thickness and grade as a hot finished hollow section, the compression capacity dependent on the slenderness, can be 34% lower than for the hot finished section. The application of the current design rules on cold formed hollow sections might lead to optimistic results, because the rounder corner radius for these sections can affect the “web” buckling characteristics of the section.
Most design rules have restrictions on welding of cold formed sections due to the residual stresses that occurs and to avoid corner cracking. The advice is that there should not be direct substitution or interchanging of sections without a capacity checking. To avoid uncertified substitution the designers and quality surveyors have to know how to visually differentiate cold formed and hot finished sections. A few things they should know are:
•
Because of the cold forming process the cold formed sections have a smoother, sometimes oily surface, while the hot finished sections have a rougher surface.
If the sections are blasted or painted the corner radius and weld seam will indicate if the beam/ column is hot finished or cold formed.
•
As mentioned earlier the corner radius of cold formed sections are rounder than the corner radius of hot finished sections.
•
The seam of welded cold formed sections are always on one of the flat sides, with a distance from the corner, and on the same place for all members of the same bundle, but for the hot finished sections the seam can be anywhere on the cross-section.
Fire resistance There are several options to insure the fire resistance of steel structures. While hollow sections can be protected on the inside, the outside or a combination of both, the universal columns can only be protected on the outside.
Externally protected columns For universal columns and unfilled structural hollow sections there are a number of ways to protect the columns, including casing by plasterboards, cementitious sprays, intumescent coatings or pre-formed casings, such as tube-in-tube systems. In all of these cases the fire-protected structural hollow sections will have the minimum area compared to all other similarly loaded columns in other materials.
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27
Explanatory Notes
Internally protected columns Structural hollow sections have the advantage that fire protection material like water or concrete, can be filled inside the columns. It is very simple to design a hollow section with structural grade concrete filling. First, the column is checked for room temperature loading, and then the fire resistance is checked, if required, an external fire protection system is added. This method is very economic as it both minimises the wall thickness of the hollow section, because of the concrete, and reduces the thickness of the external protection system markedly below that of the unfilled section. With use of concrete as internal protection of a structural hollow section , external protection might not be necessary at all. The concrete filling will support the load when the temperature has reached the point where the load bearing capacity of the steel is under the actual forces imposed on the structure. The concrete core is designed to carry the whole of the load at the fire limit-state. Plain concrete filling is suitable for mainly axially loaded columns, while bar reinforced concrete is required for columns with significant moments. For externally protected columns the composite concrete filled, intumescent-coated solution gives the smallest required columns. While for the internally protected columns the bar reinforced concrete filled solution gives the smallest footprint. Among all the four solutions the composite concrete filled, intumescent-coated column gives the most economic solution.
Cost comparisons British Steel in the United Kingdom has made a compar ison between different types of fire prot ection on hollow section columns and other steel sections. The study compared options for a typical 7-storey internal column carrying a loading of 6kN/m2 on a grid layout of 7.2 metres by 6 metres. Where possible steel of design grade S355 was used, in general, this gives the most economical solution for structural steelwork. In the case of internal protection, plain or bar reinforced concrete is assumed. In the case of external protection, fire resistant boards were assumed for non-circular columns, such as universal columns and rectangular/square hollow columns. Three basic design options are possible for column design of structural hollow sections, and British Steel looked at all 3 of them in this study. Option 1: Columns are designed on a floor by fl oor basis or by grouping two or three storeys toget her. The lightest steel section is selected for each column lift. This option produces the minimum weight column with sizes reducing through the height of the building. Option 2: Columns are designed as in Option 1, but have constant external dimensions throughout the height of the building. The column at the lowest level is designed for the least weight solution and it is the external dimensions of this section that are used for all other sections at higher levels. At the higher levels, the wall thickness of the hollow sections is progressively reduced. Option 3: Columns are designed as in Option 2, but the type of column selected is optimised for all the columns over the height of the bui lding rather than just the groun d floor, as in Option 2. Generally this means that the ground floor column is smaller and thicker than that in Option 2, but the column serial size chosen allows the overall weight of columns to be reduced.
28
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Table 8 and Table 9 compares the costs of UC, CHS and RHS columns for various methods of fire protection. Circled solutions are most econo mical.
CHS
External Board
Fire Protection Options Intumescent Paint Internal Concrete Filling Circular Hollow Sections Unfilled Composite Plain concrete Bar Reinforced concrete
Columns Options
UC
Option 1
100
111
88
134
88
Option 2
100
159
113
186
107
Option 3
100
111
97
186
107
Table 8 – Fire resistance: Cost comparison – universal columns vs. circular hollows RHS
External Board
Fire Protection Options External Board Intumescent Internal Concrete Filling Paint Rectangular Hollow Sections Unfilled Composite Composite Plain concrete Bar Reinforced concrete
Columns Options
UC
Option 1
100
108
92
90
163
113
Option 2
100
111
121
115
231
123
Option 3
100
111
100
102
231
123
Table 9 – Fire resistance: Cost comparison – universal columns vs. rectangular hollows
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
29
Explanatory Notes
30
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Universal Beams and Columns General The section sizes of universal beams and columns are given in the tables on the following pages. We have split up the sections in metric and imperial sizes because the sections are rolled after different standard specifications. The tables cover I-beams, IPE- beams, H-beams and HE-beams. The difference between these beams is that the H/HE-beams have wide r flange than the I/IPE-beams and therefore look more lik e the letter H than the letter I, see Figure 4. In our catalogue we put them all together to make it easier to make the ultimate choice.
The standard specifications used for production of universal beams and columns in this region are listed in this table.
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
31
Explanatory Notes
Rolling tolerances - EN 10034 : 1993 This European standard specifies tolerances
Flange thickness (t)
on shape dimensions and mass of structural
The deviation from nominal on flange thickness
steel universal beams and columns. These
measured at the quarter flange width point shall
requirements do not apply to taper flange sections.
be within the tolerance given in the following table.
Section Height (h) The deviation from nominal on section height measured at the centre line of web thickness shall
Flange thickness s (mm)
Tolerance (mm)
Less than 6.5
+1.5
-0.5
6.5 up to but excluding 10
+2.0
-1.0
10 up to but excluding 20
+2.5
-1.5
20 up to but excluding 30
+2.0
-2.0
be within the tolerance given in the following table.
Section Height h (mm)
Tolerance (mm)
Up to and including 180 Greater than 180 up to and including 400 Greater than 400 up to and including includin g 700
+3
-2
30 up to but excluding 40
+2.5
-2.5
+4
-2
40 up to but excluding 60
+3.0
-3.0
+5
-3
60 and over
+4.0
-4.0
Greater than 700
+5
-5
y Flange width (b)(b) Flange width The deviation from nominal on flange width shall The deviation from nominal on flange width be within thethe tolerance givengiven in the following table. be within tolerance in the followin
r
table. Flange width b (mm)
Tolerance (mm)
Up to and including 110 Greater than 110 up to and including includin g 210 Greater than 210 up to and including includin g 325
+4
-1
+4
-2
+4
-4
Greater than 325
+6
-5
h
Web (s)(s) Webthickness thickness The nominal onon web thickness Thedeviation deviationfrom from nominal web thick ne measured at at thethe mid-point of dimension (h) shall measured mid-point of dimension (h)
bewithin within tolerance in the followin be thethe tolerance givengiven in the following table. table. Web thickness s (mm)
32
Tolerance (mm)
Less than 7
+0.7
-0.7
7 up to but excluding 10
+1.0
-1.0
10 up to but excludi ng 20
+1.5
-1.5
20 up to but excludi ng 30
+2.0
-2.0
40 up to but excludi ng 60
+2.5
-2.5
60 and over
+3.0
-3.0
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
x
x s
b
y
d
Out-of-squareness (k + k')
Straightness (qxx or qyy)
The out-of-squareness out-of-squareness of the section shall not
The straightness shall comply with the requirements given
exceed the maximum given in the following table.
in the following table.
Flange width b (mm)
Tolerance (mm)
Up to and including 110
Section height h (mm) Greater than 80 up to and including 180 Greater than 180 up to and including 360
1.5 2% of b (maximum 6.5mm
Greater than 325
Tolerance qxx or qyy on length L (%)
Greater than 360
0.30 L 0.15 L 0.1 L
Web off-centre (e) on mass The mid-thickness of the web shall not deviate from the mid-width position on the flange by more than the distance (e) given in the following table.
Flange width b (mm)
Web offcentre where e= (b1-b2)/2
The deviation from the nominal mass of a batch or a
T < 40
T 40
Tolerance on mass
Up to and including 110 Greater than 110 up to and including 325 Greater than 110 up to and including 325
+4
Greater than 325
+6
piece shall not exceed ± 4.0%.
+4 +4
The mass deviation is the difference between the actual mass of the batch or a piece and the calculated mass. The calculated mass shall be determined using a density of 7850kg/m3
Tolerance on length The sections shall be cut to ordered lengths to
b1
b2
tolerances of a. ± 50mm or b.+ 100mm where minimum lengths are requested L represents the longest useable length of the section assuming that the ends of the section have been cut square.
b Continental Steel Pte Ltd
33
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS B
Universal Beams and Columns
n
r N
t
B
d
D
T
E
C
Metric units A M S
b
Designation Size Mass Per Metre A N D C O L U
Depth Width Of Of Section Section D
M N
mm 100x50 100x100 S
125x60 125x125 150x75 150x100 150x150
175x90 175x125 175x175
200x100
200x150
200x200
250x125
250x175
250x250
300x150
34
B
Thickness
Root Depth Radius Between Fillets
Flange Web T t
r
d
Area Of Section A
Ratios For Local Buckling Flange Web b/T d/t
2
cm
Dimensions For Detailing End Clearance C
N
n
Notch
kg/m 9.30 14.8 16.9
mm 100 100 100
mm 50 100 100
mm 7 7 8
mm mm 5 5 6
mm 8 10 8
mm 70 66 68
11.8 19.2 21.6
3. 3.57 7 .14 7. 6.25 6.
14.0 13.2 11.3
mm 5 5 5
mm 33 58 57
mm 15 17 16
17.2 13.2 23.6 23.8 14.0 20.7 21.1 31.1 31.5 37.4 18.0 18.1 23.3 32.8 40.2 40.4 17.8 18.2 20.9 21.3 29.9 30.6 36.9 41.4 49.9 57.8 65.7 25.1 25.7 29.0 29.6 43.6 44.1 51.6 59.1 66.5 71.8 72.4 98.1 25.0 32.0 36.7 41.4 46.2 69.0
100 125 125 125 150 148 148 150 150 154 175 175 169 171 175 175 198 198 200 200 194 194 198 196 200 204 208 248 248 250 250 244 244 248 252 248 250 250 260 294 298 300 304 306 318
100 60 125 125 75 100 100 150 150 151 90 90 125 174 175 175 99 99 100 100 150 150 151 199 200 201 202 124 124 125 125 175 175 176 177 249 250 250 253 148 149 150 150 151 154
8 8 9 9 7 9 9 10 10 12 8 8 8 9 11 11 7 7 8 8 9 9 11 10 12 14 16 8 8 9 9 11 11 13 15 13 14 14 19 6 8 9 11 12 18
6 6 6.5 6.5 5 6 6 7 7 8 5 5 5.5 6 7.5 7.5 4.5 4.5 5.5 5.5 6 6 7 6.5 8 9 10 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 9 8 9 9 12 4.5 5.5 6.5 6.5 7.5 11
10 9 8 10 10 8 8 11 8 11 11 8 9 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 8 11 11 8 11 11 8 13 13 13 13 13 13 8 12 8 12 13 16 16 16 16 13 16 16 16 16 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
64 91 91 87 1 20 1 14 1 08 1 14 1 08 1 08 1 43 1 41 12 9 1 29 1 29 1 27 168 162 168 162 1 60 1 50 1 50 1 50 1 50 1 50 1 50 2 16 2 08 216 2 08 1 96 1 90 1 90 1 90 1 90 1 96 1 90 1 90 25 0 2 56 2 56 2 56 2 56 2 56
21.9 16.8 30.0 30.3 17.8 26.3 26.8 39.6 40.1 47.7 22.9 23.0 29.7 41.7 51.2 51.4 2 2 .7 23.2 26.7 27.2 38.1 39.0 47.0 52.7 63.5 73.6 83.7 32.0 32.7 37.0 37.7 55.5 56.2 65.7 75.3 84.7 91.4 92.2 1 25 32.6 40.8 46.8 52.8 58.8 87.9
6..25 6 3. 3.75 6 6..94 6.94 5.36 5. 5 .56 5. 5 5..56 7.50 7.50 6.29 5.63 5. 5.63 5. 7.81 9.67 7.95 7.95 7 7..07 7.07 6.25 6.25 8 .33 8. 8 8..33 6.86 9.95 8.33 7.18 6.31 7 .75 7. 7 7..75 6 .94 6. 6 6..94 7.95 7.95 6.77 5.90 9.58 8.93 8.93 6.66 12.3 9.31 8.33 6.82 6.29 4.28
10.7 15.2 14.0 13.4 24.0 19.0 18.0 16.3 15.4 13.5 28.6 28.2 23.5 21.5 17.2 16.9 37.3 36.0 30.5 29.5 26.7 25.0 21.4 23 23.1 18.8 16.7 15.0 43.2 41.6 36.0 34.7 28.0 27.1 23.8 21.1 23.8 21.8 21.1 15.8 55.6 46.5 39.4 39.4 34.1 23.3
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 6 6 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 5 6 7 7 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 6 7 7 8 4 5 5 5 6 8
57 37 69 69 45 57 57 82 82 82 53 53 70 94 94 94 57 57 57 57 82 82 82 106 106 106 106 70 70 70 70 94 94 94 94 131 131 131 131 82 82 82 82 82 82
18 17 17 19 15 17 20 18 21 23 16 17 20 21 23 24 15 18 16 19 17 22 24 23 25 27 29 16 20 17 21 24 27 29 31 29 27 30 35 22 21 22 24 25 31
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS y
x
x
S
Metric units N
Designation Surface Size Unit Area Weight Per Metre 2
Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y 4
4
Radius Of Gyration Axis Axis x-x y-y
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
3
Buckling Torsional Parameter Index
Warping Constant
U L O C D
3
N A
x-x 3
y-y
u
H
cm 2.03 3.53 4.73 5.17 3.75 7.91 8.43 2.81 6.56 7.37 12.5 13.5 22.2 4.31 4.50 6.76 11.5 20.4 21.0 3.30 3.86 5.08 5.77 9.32 10.9 18.5 17.6 29.8 45.8 66.7 5.78 6.74 8.51 9.68 21.2 23.2 36.1 53.2 46.7 55.8 58.7 141 5.51 8.65 12.4 18.8 24.9 79.0
3
J 6
m 0.376 0.570 0.574
cm 188 344 378
cm 14.8 117.0 134
cm 3.98 4.20 4.18
cm 1.12 2.47 2.49
cm 37.5 69.0 75.6
cm 5.93 23.0 26.7
cm 44.1 78.0 86.4
cm 9.5 36.0 41.0
0.876 0.843 0.836
12.7 12.3 11.1
dm 0.000320 0.00253 0.00283
17.2 13.2 23.6 23.8 150x75 14.0 150x100 20.7 21.1 150x150 31.1 31.5 37.4 175x90 18.0 18.1 175x125 23.3 175x175 32.8 40.2 40.4 200x100 17.8 18.2 20.9 21.3 200x150 29.9 30.6 36.9 200x200 41.4 49.9 57.8 65.7 250x125 25.1 25.7 29.0 29.6 250x175 43.6 44.1 51.6 59.1 250x250 66.5 71.8 72.4 98.1 300x150 25.0 32.0 36.7 41.4 46.2 69.0
0.571 0.463 0.723 0.720 0.576 0.670 0.665 0.872 0.867 0.877 0.686 0.685 0.806 1.01 1.01 1.01 0.769 0.764 0.775 0.770 0.962 0.954 0.964 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 0.968 0.961 0.974 0.967 1.15 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.45 1.46 1.45 1.48 1.14 1.16 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.21
383 413 840 847 666 1003 1021 1623 1641 2018 1205 1214 1529 2304 2884 2895 1543 1582 1806 1844 2625 2690 3331 3846 4716 5603 6531 3450 3537 3965 4052 6037 6122 7308 8541 9931 10750 10830 15340 4940 6318 7210 8578 9514 14820
134 29.2 293 294 49.5 150 151 563 563 690 97.5 97.6 261 791 984 984 113 114 134 134 507 507 633 1315 1602 1897 2201 255 255 294 294 984 985 1184 1390 3348 3648 3649 5134 326 442 508 620 691 1100
4.18 4.95 5.29 5.29 6.11 6.17 6.17 6.40 6.39 6.51 7.26 7.26 7.18 7.43 7.50 7.50 8.25 8.26 8.23 8.24 8.30 8.30 8.42 8.54 8.62 8.73 8.83 10.4 10.4 10.4 10.4 10.4 10.4 10.5 10.7 10.8 10.8 10.8 11.1 12.3 12.4 12.4 12.7 12.7 13.0
2.47 1.32 3.13 3.11 1.67 2.39 2.37 3.77 3.75 3.80 2.06 2.06 2.97 4.35 4.38 4.37 2.24 2.22 2.24 2.22 3.65 3.61 3.67 5.00 5.02 5.08 5.13 2.82 2.79 2.82 2.79 4.21 4.19 4.24 4.30 6.29 6.32 6.29 6.41 3.16 3.29 3.29 3.43 3.43 3.54
76.5 66.1 134 136 88.8 135 138 216 219 262 138 139 181 269 330 331 156 160 181 184 271 277 336 392 472 549 628 278 285 317 324 495 502 589 678 801 860 867 1180 336 424 481 564 622 932
26.8 9.75 46.9 47.0 13.2 30.1 30.1 75.1 75.1 91.4 21.7 21.7 41.8 90.9 112 112 22.9 23.0 26.7 26.8 67.6 67.7 83.8 132 160 189 218 41.1 41.1 47.0 47.0 112 113 135 157 269 292 292 406 44.0 59.4 67.7 82.7 91.5 143
87.6 77.6 152 154 102 154 157 243 246 298 156 157 202 298 369 370 175 180 205 209 301 309 377 433 525 617 710 312 319 358 366 550 558 660 764 883 953 960 1330 375 475 542 633 702 1070
41.2 15.7 71.7 71.9 20.8 46.4 46.7 114 115 140 33.6 33.7 64.3 138 171 172 35.5 35.7 41.6 41.9 103 104 128 201 244 287 332 63.2 63.6 72.7 73.1 172 173 207 241 408 443 444 618 68.4 91.8 105 128 142 223
0.837 0.872 0.839 0.840 0.876 0.880 0.881 0.841 0.842 0.845 0.885 0.885 0.879 0.845 0.844 0.845 0.883 0.884 0.878 0.880 0.876 0.878 0.879 0.847 0.846 0.847 0.848 0.884 0.886 0.880 0.881 0.883 0.884 0.884 0.885 0.850 0.847 0.848 0.849 0.878 0.880 0.876 0.888 0.884 0.884
10.7 14.0 12.8 12.5 20.4 15.8 15.0 14.1 13.7 11.8 21.8 21.4 19.1 17.5 14.7 14.5 28.4 26.5 24.9 23.6 21.2 19.8 16.9 18.2 15.5 13.6 12.2 32.0 29.9 28.4 26.9 21.3 20.5 18.0 16.0 17.9 17.1 16.7 12.8 39.7 35.6 32.0 27.8 25.6 17.9
0.00283 0.00100 0.00987 0.00988 0.00253 0.00727 0.00728 0.0276 0.0276 0.0348 0.00680 0.00680 0.0169 0.0519 0.0662 0.0662 0.0103 0.0104 0.0123 0.0124 0.0434 0.0434 0.0553 0.114 0.142 0.171 0.203 0.0367 0.0367 0.0426 0.0427 0.134 0.134 0.163 0.195 0.462 0.508 0.508 0.745 0.0676 0.0930 0.107 0.133 0.149 0.248
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
S
x
mm kg/m 100x50 9.3 100x100 14.8 16.9 125x60 125x125
M
Torsional Constant
M A
4
E B
35
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS B
Universal Beams and Columns
n
r N
t
B
d
D
T
E
C
Metric units A M S
b
Designation Size Mass Per Metre A N D C O L U
Depth Width Of Of Section Section D
M N
mm 300x200 S
300x300
350x175
350x250
350x350
400x200
400x300
400x400
36
kg/m 48.3 55.8 56.8 65.4 77.3 87.0 93.0 94.0 106 125 130 147 41.2 41.4 49.4 49.6 57.8 66.2 71.8 79.7 69.2 78.1 79.7 94.2 108 113 115 135 137 159 181 56.1 56.6 65.4 66.0 75.5 88.2 140 187 94.3 105 107 127 144 140 147 172 200 232 283 415 605
mm 290 294 294 298 304 298 300 300 304 310 310 312 346 346 350 350 354 358 360 364 336 340 340 346 350 344 344 350 350 356 362 396 396 400 400 404 410 430 446 386 390 390 396 402 388 394 400 406 414 428 458 498
B mm 199 200 200 201 202 299 300 300 301 303 305 310 174 174 175 175 176 177 178 177 249 250 250 251 253 348 354 350 350 352 354 199 199 200 200 201 202 208 214 299 300 300 302 303 402 398 400 403 405 407 417 432
Thickness
Flange Web T t mm 10 12 12 14 17 14 15 15 17 20 20 21 9 9 11 11 13 15 16 18 12 14 14 17 19 16 16 19 19 22 25 11 11 13 13 15 18 28 36 14 16 16 19 22 15 18 21 24 28 35 50 70
mm 7 8 8 9 10 9 10 10 11 13 15 20 6 6 7 7 8 9 10 11 8 9 9 10 12 10 10 12 12 14 16 7 7 8 8 9 10 16 22 9 10 10 12 13 15 11 13 16 18 20 30 45
Root Depth Radius Between Fillets r mm 18 13 18 18 18 18 13 18 18 18 18 18 13 14 13 14 14 14 14 14 20 13 20 20 20 13 20 13 20 20 20 13 16 13 16 16 16 16 16 22 13 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22
Area Of Section
d
A
mm 234 244 234 234 234 234 244 234 234 234 234 234 302 300 302 300 300 300 300 300 272 286 272 272 272 286 272 286 272 272 272 348 342 348 342 342 342 342 342 314 332 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314 314
cm
Ratios For Local Buckling Flange Web b/T d/t
2
61.5 71.1 72.4 83.4 98.5 111 118 120 135 159 165 187 52.5 52.7 62.9 63.1 73.7 84.3 91.4 101 88.2 100 102 120 137 144 148 172 174 202 230 71.4 72.2 83.4 84.1 96.2 112 179 239 120 133 136 162 184 178 187 219 255 295 361 529 770
9.95 8.33 8.33 7.18 5.94 10.7 10.0 10.0 8.85 7.58 7.63 7.38 9.67 9.67 7.95 7.95 6.77 5.90 5.56 4.92 10.4 8.93 8.93 7.38 6.66 10.9 11.1 9.21 9.21 8.00 7.08 9.05 9.05 7.69 7.69 6.70 5.61 3.71 2.97 10.7 9.38 9.38 7.95 6.89 13.4 11.1 9.52 8.40 7.23 5.81 4.17 3.09
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
33.4 30.5 29.3 26.0 23.4 26.0 24.4 23.4 21.3 18.0 15.6 11.7 50.3 50.0 43.1 42.9 37.5 33.3 30.0 27.3 34.0 31.8 30.2 27.2 22.7 28.6 27.2 23.8 22.7 19.4 17.0 49.7 48.9 43.5 42.8 38.0 34.2 21.4 15.5 34.9 33.2 31.4 26.2 24.2 20.9 28.5 24.2 19.6 17.4 15.7 10.5 7.0
Dimensions For Detailing End Clearance C
N
n
mm 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 9 10 12 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 6 7 7 7 8 7 7 8 8 9 10 6 6 6 6 7 7 10 13 7 7 7 8 9 10 8 9 10 11 12 17 25
mm 106 106 106 106 106 155 155 155 155 155 155 155 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 93 131 131 131 131 131 179 182 179 179 179 179 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 155 155 155 155 155 204 204 204 204 204 204 204 204
mm 28 25 30 32 35 32 28 33 35 38 38 39 22 23 24 25 27 29 30 32 32 27 34 37 39 29 36 32 39 42 45 24 27 26 29 31 34 44 52 36 29 38 41 44 37 40 43 46 50 57 72 92
Notch
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS y
x
x
S
Metric units Designation Surface Size Unit Area Weight Per Metre mm 300x200
300x300
350x175
350x250
350x350
400x200
400x300
400x400
kg/m 48.3 55.8 56.8 65.4 77.3 87.0 93.0 94.0 106 125 130 147 41.2 41.4 49.4 49.6 57.8 66.2 71.8 79.7 69.2 78.1 79.7 94.2 108 113 115 135 137 159 181 56.1 56.6 65.4 66.0 75.5 88.2 140 187 94.3 105 107 127 144 140 147 172 200 232 283 415 605
N
y
2
Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y 4
m
cm
1.33 1.35 1.34 1.35 1.37 1.74 1.76 1.75 1.76 1.78 1.78 1.79 1.35 1.35 1.36 1.36 1.37 1.38 1.39 1.39 1.62 1.64 1.63 1.64 1.65 2.04 2.05 2.05 2.04 2.06 2.07 1.55 1.55 1.56 1.56 1.57 1.58 1.63 1.68 1.91 1.94 1.92 1.94 1.95 2.32 2.32 2.34 2.35 2.37 2.41 2.49 2.60
9431 11110 11340 13310 16280 18850 20190 20410 23380 28130 28630 31370 11040 11100 13500 13560 16100 18710 20240 22760 18510 21230 21680 26440 30190 32850 33810 39847 40300 47590 55190 19770 20020 23460 23710 27490 33060 54850 75250 33680 37860 38680 46660 54420 48970 56150 66620 78040 92770 119200 187100 297900
4
cm
1317 1602 1604 1900 2341 6242 6753 6756 7733 9282 9470 10450 792 792 984 985 1184 1390 1508 1669 3093 3649 3652 4488 5138 11240 11840 13583 13590 16000 18500 1447 1448 1736 1737 2035 2478 4216 5919 6246 7204 7210 8735 10220 16260 18930 22420 26200 31030 39360 60530 94360
Radius Of Gyration Axis Axis x-x y-y cm 12.4 12.5 12.5 12.6 12.9 13.0 13.1 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.2 13.0 14.5 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9 14.9 15.0 14.5 14.6 14.6 14.8 14.8 15.1 15.1 15.2 15.2 15.3 15.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 16.8 16.9 17.2 17.5 17.8 16.7 16.9 16.9 17.0 17.2 16.6 17.3 17.5 17.5 17.7 18.2 18.8 19.7
cm 4.63 4.75 4.71 4.77 4.88 7.51 7.55 7.51 7.57 7.64 7.57 7.48 3.88 3.88 3.96 3.95 4.01 4.06 4.06 4.06 5.92 6.05 6.00 6.12 6.12 8.84 8.95 8.89 8.84 8.90 8.96 4.50 4.48 4.56 4.54 4.60 4.70 4.86 4.98 7.21 7.35 7.28 7.35 7.45 9.55 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.2 10.4 10.7 11.1
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
M
Buckling Torsional Parameter Index
Warping Constant
U
Torsional Constant L O C D
Axis x-x cm
3
650 756 771 893 1071 1265 1346 1361 1538 1815 1847 2011 638 641 771 775 909 1045 1124 1250 1102 1249 1275 1528 1725 1910 1966 2277 2303 2674 3049 999 1011 1173 1185 1361 1612 2551 3374 1745 1942 1983 2357 2707 2524 2850 3331 3844 4482 5570 8172 11960
Axis y-y cm
3
N A
x-x 3
cm
132 721 160 842 160 859 189 1000 232 1204 418 1389 450 1484 450 1501 514 1705 613 2031 621 2079 674 2295 91.0 712 91.0 716 113 864 113 868 135 1022 157 1180 169 1276 189 1425 248 1215 292 1382 292 1412 358 1699 406 1935 646 2092 669 2153 776 2515 776 2545 909 2979 1045 3424 145 1114 145 1128 174 1313 174 1326 202 1528 245 1815 405 2941 553 3968 418 1918 480 2141 481 2188 578 2620 674 3022 809 2802 951 3118 1121 3672 1300 4280 1532 5026 1934 6311 2903 9540 4369 14460
y-y cm
u
x
3
203 245 247 291 356 634 683 684 781 932 949 1040 140 140 173 174 208 243 263 293 380 445 447 547 623 978 1014 1176 1179 1382 1591 223 224 267 268 312 378 632 873 637 730 733 884 1030 1237 1441 1700 1977 2331 2941 4436 6724
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
H dm
0.882 0.882 0.883 0.884 0.888 0.850 0.847 0.848 0.849 0.849 0.842 0.830 0.881 0.882 0.883 0.884 0.885 0.886 0.883 0.884 0.881 0.881 0.882 0.886 0.882 0.848 0.846 0.847 0.849 0.848 0.848 0.883 0.884 0.885 0.886 0.887 0.891 0.887 0.883 0.880 0.879 0.881 0.880 0.883 0.830 0.850 0.850 0.846 0.848 0.854 0.853 0.852
26.0 24.0 22.7 20.1 17.2 20.0 19.4 18.8 16.9 14.6 14.4 13.0 38.1 37.5 32.2 31.8 27.6 24.4 22.9 20.6 25.8 24.2 22.8 19.5 17.6 21.1 20.4 18.0 17.5 15.4 13.7 36.8 35.6 31.8 30.9 27.4 23.4 15.7 12.5 25.8 24.5 23.2 20.0 17.7 22.5 20.9 18.2 16.1 14.1 11.6 8.5 6.4
S
J 6
0.258 0.319 0.319 0.383 0.482 1.26 1.37 1.37 1.59 1.95 1.99 2.21 0.225 0.225 0.283 0.283 0.344 0.409 0.446 0.499 0.812 0.969 0.970 1.21 1.41 3.02 3.18 3.72 3.72 4.46 5.25 0.536 0.536 0.650 0.650 0.770 0.952 1.70 2.49 2.16 2.52 2.52 3.10 3.69 5.66 6.69 8.05 9.56 11.6 15.2 25.2 43.2
cm
M A
4
E B
22.8 31.4 35.8 53.4 87.8 71.3 82.1 88.1 125 200 215 298 13.2 13.6 22.4 23.0 36.1 53.6 66.3 91.3 44.6 58.0 66.3 109 155 111 123 186 199 305 445 25.0 27.1 39.6 42.2 62.3 101 373 825 79.9 100 114 185 272 156 194 303 462 714 1317 3885 11060
37
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS B
Universal Beams and Columns
n
r N
t
B
d
D
T
E
C
Metric units A M S
b
Designation Size Mass Per Metre A N D C O L U M N
mm 450x200 S
450x300
500x200
500x300
600x200
600x300
700x300
800x300
900x300
38
kg/m 65.1 66.2 74.9 76.0 88.9 98.9 110 106 121 124 145 77.9 79.5 88.2 89.6 102 103 117 111 114 125 128 150 79.0 92.5 94.6 103 106 118 120 134 133 137 147 151 170 175 203 217 166 182 185 215 191 207 210 241 267 210 213 240 243 283 286 304 307
Depth Width Of Of Section Section D
B
mm 446 446 450 450 456 460 460 434 440 440 446 496 496 500 500 506 506 512 482 482 488 488 494 592 596 596 600 600 606 606 612 582 582 588 588 594 594 602 608 692 700 700 708 792 800 800 808 816 890 890 900 900 912 912 918 918
mm 199 199 200 200 201 202 205 299 300 300 302 199 199 200 200 201 201 202 300 300 300 300 302 197 199 199 200 200 201 201 202 300 300 300 300 302 302 304 304 300 300 300 302 300 300 300 302 303 299 299 300 300 302 302 303 303
Thickness
Root Depth Radius Between Fillets
Flange Web T t mm 12 12 14 14 17 19 19 15 18 18 21 14 14 16 16 19 19 22 15 15 18 18 21 13 15 15 17 17 20 20 23 17 17 20 20 23 23 27 30 20 24 24 28 22 26 26 30 34 23 23 28 28 34 34 37 37
mm 8 8 9 9 10 11 14 10 11 11 13 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 11 11 11 11 13 8 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 12 12 12 12 14 14 16 16 13 13 13 15 14 14 14 16 17 15 15 16 16 18 18 19 19
Area Of Section
r
d
A
mm 13 18 13 18 18 18 18 24 13 24 24 13 20 13 20 13 20 20 13 26 13 26 26 22 13 22 13 22 13 22 22 13 28 13 28 13 28 28 28 28 18 28 28 28 18 28 28 28 18 28 18 28 18 28 18 28
mm 396 386 396 386 386 386 386 356 378 356 356 442 428 442 428 442 428 428 426 400 426 400 400 522 540 522 540 522 540 522 522 522 492 522 492 522 492 492 492 596 616 596 596 692 712 692 692 692 808 788 808 788 808 788 808 788
cm 83.0 84.3 95.4 96.8 113 126 140 135 154 157 184 99 101 112 114 129 131 148 141 146 159 164 191 101 118 120 132 134 150 152 171 169 174 187 192 217 222 259 277 211 232 235 274 243 264 267 308 340 267 271 306 310 360 364 387 391
Ratios For Local Buckling Flange Web b/T d/t
2
8.29 8.29 7.14 7.14 5.91 5.32 5.39 9.97 8.33 8.33 7.19 7.11 7.11 6.25 6.25 5.29 5.29 4.59 10.0 10.0 8.33 8.33 7.19 7.58 6.63 6.63 5.88 5.88 5.03 5.03 4.39 8.82 8.82 7.50 7.50 6.57 6.57 5.63 5.07 7.50 6.25 6.25 5.39 6.82 5.77 5.77 5.03 4.46 6.50 6.50 5.36 5.36 4.44 4.44 4.09 4.09
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
49.5 48.3 44.0 42.9 38.6 35.1 27.6 35.6 34.4 32.4 27.4 49.1 47.6 44.2 42.8 40.2 38.9 35.7 38.7 36.4 38.7 36.4 30.8 65.3 54.0 52.2 49.1 47.5 45.0 43.5 40.2 43.5 41.0 43.5 41.0 37.3 35.1 30.8 30.8 45.8 47.4 45.8 39.7 49.4 50.9 49.4 43.3 40.7 53.9 52.5 50.5 49.3 44.9 43.8 42.5 41.5
Dimensions For Detailing End Clearance C
N
n
mm 6 6 7 7 7 8 9 7 8 8 9 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 6 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 8 8 8 8 9 9 10 10 9 9 9 10 9 9 9 10 11 10 10 10 10 11 11 12 12
mm 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 155 155 155 155 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 155 155 155 155 155 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 153 153 153 153 153 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
mm 25 30 27 32 35 37 37 39 31 42 45 27 34 29 36 32 39 42 28 41 31 44 47 35 28 37 30 39 33 42 45 30 45 33 48 36 51 55 58 48 42 52 56 50 44 54 58 62 41 51 46 56 52 62 55 65
Notch
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS y
x
x
Metric units Designation Surface Size Unit Area Weight Per Metre mm 450x200
450x300
500x200
500x300
600x200
600x300
700x300
800x300
900x300
kg/m 65.1 66.2 74.9 76.0 88.9 98.9 110 106 121 124 145 77.9 79.5 88.2 89.6 102 103 117 111 114 125 128 150 79.0 92.5 94.6 103 106 118 120 134 133 137 147 151 170 175 203 217 166 182 185 215 191 207 210 241 267 210 213 240 243 283 286 304 307
S N
y
2
Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y 4
m
cm
1.65 1.64 1.66 1.65 1.67 1.68 1.68 2.00 2.04 2.02 2.03 1.75 1.74 1.76 1.75 1.77 1.76 1.77 2.12 2.10 2.13 2.11 2.13 1.92 1.95 1.93 1.96 1.94 1.97 1.95 1.97 2.32 2.29 2.33 2.30 2.35 2.32 2.34 2.35 2.51 2.54 2.53 2.55 2.71 2.74 2.72 2.74 2.76 2.92 2.90 2.94 2.92 2.97 2.95 2.98 2.96
28130 28700 32890 33450 40400 45430 47860 46800 54730 56070 66380 40840 41870 46810 47850 55480 56520 65450 58270 60370 68860 70960 83810 58240 66640 68720 75560 77630 88320 90400 103500 98950 102700 114400 118100 133600 137300 162600 179300 172400 197500 201500 237100 253600 286400 291700 339200 383600 338500 345300 404500 411300 491000 497800 535400 542200
cm
4
1579 1581 1870 1872 2308 2619 2742 6695 8106 8114 9658 1843 1846 2138 2142 2578 2582 3035 6756 6768 8106 8118 9663 1665 1976 1982 2274 2280 2716 2723 3178 7659 7675 9009 9025 10570 10590 12680 14090 9030 10820 10830 12890 9936 11720 11740 13820 15820 10280 10290 12630 12650 15660 15670 17210 17230
Radius Of Gyration Axis Axis x-x y-y cm 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.6 18.9 19.0 18.5 18.6 18.9 18.9 19.0 20.3 20.3 20.4 20.5 20.7 20.7 21.0 20.3 20.4 20.8 20.8 20.9 24.1 23.8 23.9 24.0 24.0 24.3 24.3 24.6 24.2 24.3 24.7 24.8 24.8 24.9 25.1 25.4 28.6 29.2 29.3 29.4 32.3 33.0 33.0 33.2 33.6 35.6 35.7 36.4 36.4 36.9 37.0 37.2 37.2
cm 4.36 4.33 4.43 4.40 4.51 4.56 4.43 7.04 7.26 7.18 7.24 4.31 4.27 4.36 4.33 4.47 4.43 4.52 6.92 6.82 7.14 7.05 7.11 4.07 4.10 4.06 4.16 4.12 4.26 4.23 4.32 6.73 6.63 6.94 6.85 6.98 6.90 7.00 7.13 6.53 6.83 6.78 6.86 6.39 6.67 6.62 6.70 6.82 6.20 6.16 6.43 6.39 6.59 6.56 6.67 6.63
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Buckling Torsional Parameter Index
Warping Constant
M U
Torsional Constant L O C D
Axis x-x 3
Axis y-y 3
N A
x-x 3
cm
cm
cm
1262 1287 1462 1487 1772 1975 2081 2157 2488 2549 2977 1647 1688 1872 1914 2193 2234 2557 2418 2505 2822 2908 3393 1968 2236 2306 2519 2588 2915 2983 3382 3400 3530 3889 4018 4497 4624 5401 5896 4984 5643 5757 6699 6405 7159 7292 8397 9402 7608 7760 8989 9139 10770 10920 11660 11810
159 159 187 187 230 259 268 448 540 541 640 185 186 214 214 257 257 300 450 451 540 541 640 169 199 199 227 228 270 271 315 511 512 601 602 700 701 834 927 602 721 722 854 662 781 782 915 1044 687 688 842 843 1037 1038 1136 1137
1423 1450 1652 1679 2003 2240 2399 2384 2757 2825 3323 1869 1914 2130 2175 2496 2541 2913 2696 2791 3132 3228 3792 2239 2576 2651 2904 2979 3357 3432 3893 3822 3963 4348 4489 5057 5197 6101 6653 5629 6338 6464 7559 7288 8098 8243 9534 10680 8750 8913 10290 10450 12340 12500 13380 13540
y-y
u
x
3
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
0.876 0.878 0.878 0.879 0.884 0.885 0.869 0.883 0.885 0.887 0.886 0.874 0.876 0.875 0.877 0.880 0.881 0.884 0.877 0.880 0.887 0.889 0.888 0.870 0.861 0.864 0.863 0.865 0.868 0.870 0.873 0.876 0.879 0.886 0.888 0.885 0.887 0.888 0.893 0.878 0.887 0.889 0.889 0.873 0.882 0.883 0.883 0.887 0.863 0.865 0.872 0.873 0.876 0.877 0.878 0.879
38.4 36.5 33.6 32.2 27.5 25.0 23.9 27.0 24.9 23.4 20.5 37.5 35.2 33.3 31.6 28.7 27.5 24.3 32.4 29.4 28.0 25.9 22.8 45.2 42.9 39.7 38.4 36.0 33.4 31.7 28.3 35.5 32.1 31.2 28.8 27.3 25.5 22.3 20.5 34.3 31.4 30.0 26.3 36.8 33.9 32.5 28.7 25.8 42.2 40.2 35.9 34.5 30.1 29.3 27.9 27.2
S
J 6
cm
245 247 290 291 356 403 423 686 823 828 981 288 290 333 335 399 401 469 690 695 825 830 984 265 312 315 358 361 426 429 498 786 793 921 928 1077 1085 1292 1431 936 1110 1116 1323 1036 1210 1216 1426 1625 1079 1085 1317 1324 1622 1629 1778 1785
H
M A
4
dm
cm
0.744 0.744 0.889 0.890 1.11 1.27 1.33 2.94 3.61 3.61 4.36 1.07 1.07 1.25 1.25 1.53 1.53 1.82 3.68 3.69 4.48 4.48 5.40 1.40 1.67 1.67 1.93 1.94 2.33 2.34 2.76 6.11 6.13 7.27 7.28 8.62 8.63 10.5 11.8 10.2 12.4 12.4 14.9 14.7 17.6 17.6 20.9 24.2 19.3 19.3 24.0 24.0 30.2 30.2 33.4 33.4
33.9 38.3 51.6 56.9 92.5 126 152 104 141 163 253 52.5 60.8 75.9 85.9 119 132 193 93.9 118 143 172 265 53.0 69.2 82.4 97.3 113 147 167 237 137 173 199 241 304 356 551 702 260 343 383 588 341 440 486 726 1003 361 403 580 633 979 1050 1234 1316
E B
39
38
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS B
Universal Beams and Columns
n
r N
t
D
d
T
B E
Imperial units A M
Designation Size Mass S A N D
Per Metre C O L U M
in (mm) N S
W4-4x4 (102x102)
C
b
W5-5x3
lb/ft
kg/m
Depth
Width
Of
Of
Section
Section
D
B
T
t
mm
mm
mm
Thickness
Root
Depth
Radius
Between
Flange Web
Area Of
Fillets
Section
r
d
A
mm
mm
mm
cm2
Ratios For
Dimensions For Detailing
Local Buckling Flange Web b/T d/t
End Clearance C
N
n
mm
mm
mm 15
Notch
13
19.4
105.7
103.1
8.8
7.1
6.4
75.5
24.7
5.88
10.6
6
58
13.8
21.0
102.0
102.0
9.4
8.0
6.0
71.2
26.1
5.43
8.90
6
57
15
16.3
24.0
107.0
100.0
12.0
7.9
6.0
71.0
30.9
4.17
8.99
6
56
18
9
13.0
127.0
76.0
7.6
4.0
7.6
96.6
16.5
5.00
24.2
4
46
15 17
(127x76) W5-5x5
16
23.8
127.3
127.0
9.1
6.1
7.6
93.8
30.4
6.95
15.4
5
70
(127x127)
19
28.3
130.8
127.8
10.9
6 .9
7.6
93.8
35.8
5.86
13.7
5
70
19
W6-6x3
9
1 4.0
150.0
75.0
7.0
5.0
8.0
120.0
17.8
5.36
24.0
5
45
15
12
18.0
155.0
75.0
8.5
6.0
8.0
122.0
21.6
4.41
20.3
5
45
17
11
16.0
152.4
88.7
7.7
4.5
7.6
121.8
20.3
5.76
27.1
4
52
15
W6-6x4
9
13.4
149.9
100.1
5.5
4.3
6.4
126.3
17.3
9.17
29.2
4
58
12
(152x102)
12
17.9
153.2
101.6
7.1
5.8
6.4
126.3
22.9
7.14
21.6
5
58
13
16
23.8
1 59.5
102.4
10.2
6.6
6.4
126.4
30.4
5.02
19.2
5
58
17
15
22.3
152.1
152.1
6.6
5.8
6.4
126.2
28.5
11.5
21.6
5
83
13
15.7 20
23.0 30.0
152.4 157.6
152.2 152.9
6.8 9.4
5.8 6.5
7.6 7.6
123.6 123.6
29.2 38.3
11.2 8.13
21.3 19.0
5 5
83 83
14 17
25
37.0
1 61.8
154.4
11.5
8.0
7.6
123.6
47.1
6.71
15.5
6
83
19
W7-7x 3 1/2
11
16.1
173.0
90.0
7.0
4.5
8.9
141.2
20.4
6.43
31.4
4
53
16
(178x89)
12
18.1
175.0
90.0
8.0
5.0
8.9
141.2
23.0
5.63
28.2
5
53
17
15
22.2
179.0
90.0
10.0
6 .0
8.9
141.2
28.2
4.50
23.5
5
52
19
13
19.0
177.8
101.2
7.9
4.8
7.6
146.8
24.3
6.41
30.6
4
58
16
W8-8x4
10
14.9
200.4
100.1
5.2
4.3
7.6
174.7
19.1
9.61
40.4
4
58
13
(203x102)
13
19.4
202.9
101.6
6.5
5.8
7.6
174.7
24.8
7.84
29.9
5
58
14
15
22.3
206.0
102.0
8.0
6.2
7.6
174.8
28.6
6.38
28.1
5
58
16
(152x76)
W6-6x3 1/2 (152x89)
W6-6x6 (152X152)
W7-7x4 (178x102)
16
23.1
203.2
101.8
9.3
5.4
7.6
169.4
29.4
5.47
31.4
5
58
17
14
21.0
2 03.0
133.0
6.4
5.0
8.0
174.2
27.1
10.39
3 4.8
5
74
14
15
22.3
202.0
133.0
7.0
5.0
8.9
170.2
28.7
9.50
34.0
5
74
16
17
25.1
203.2
133.2
7.8
5.7
7.6
172.4
32.0
8.54
30.2
5
74
15
18
26.8
206.8
133.3
8.4
5.8
7.6
174.8
33.9
7.95
29.9
5
74
16
20
30.0
206.8
133.9
9.6
6.4
7.6
172.4
38.2
6.97
26.9
5
74
17
21
31.3
2 10.3
133.9
10.1
6.4
7.6
174.9
39.6
6.63
27.5
5
74
18
W8-8x6 1/2
24
35.7
201.4
165.0
10.1
6.2
10.2
160.8
45.5
8.17
25.9
5
89
20
(203x165)
28
41.7
2 04.7
166.0
11.8
7.2
10.2
160.7
53.2
7.03
22.2
6
89
22
W8-8x8
31
46.1
2 03.2
203.6
11.0
7.2
10.2
160.8
58.7
9.25
22.3
6
108
21
W8-8x5 1/4 (203x133)
(203x203)
W10-10x4 (254x102)
40
35
52.0
206.2
204.3
12.5
7.9
10.2
160.8
66.3
8.17
20.4
6
108
23
40
60.0
209.6
205.8
14.2
9.4
10.2
160.8
76.4
7.25
17.1
7
108
24
48
71.0
215.8
206.4
17.3
10.0
10.2
160.8
90.4
5.97
16.1
7
108
28
58
86.1
222.2
209.1
20.5
12.7
10.2
160.8
110
5.10
12.7
8
108
31
67
99.7
228.6
210.3
23.8
14.5
10.2
160.7
127
4.43
11.1
9
108
34
12
17.9
250.7
100.6
5.3
4.8
7.6
224.8
22.8
9.44
46.5
4
58
13
15
22.0
254.0
101.6
6.8
5.7
7.6
225.2
28.0
7.47
39.5
5
58
14
17 19
25.2 28.3
257.2 2 60.4
101.9 102.2
8.4 10.0
6.0 6.3
7.6 7.6
225.2 225.2
32.0 36.1
6.07 5.11
37.5 35.7
5 5
58 58
16 18
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
39
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS y
x
Imperial units
x
S
y
Designation Size Mass Per Metre
Surface Area
Second Moment
Radius Of
per Metre
Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y
Gyration Axis Axis x-x y-y
2
4
4
Elastic Modulus
Buckling Parameter
Plastic Modulus
Torsional Index
Warping Constant
3
Axis y-y 3
Axis x-x
x
3
H
L O
6
cm
N
J
dm
cm
A S
4
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm
13
19.4
0.599
472
160
4.38
2.55
89.4
3 1.1
103
47.8
0.836
10.9
0.00377
6.29
13.8 16.3
21.0 24.0
0 .586 0 .588
456 587
167 200
4.18 4.36
2.53 2.55
89.4 110
32.7 40.1
104 129
50.4 61.5
0.827 0.844
9.61 8.13
0.00357 0.00452
7.78 13.5
9
13.0
0.537
473
55.8
5.35
1.84
74.6
14.7
8 4.2
22.6
0.895
16.3
0.00199
2.85
W5-5x5 (127x127)
16 19
23.8 28.3
0.737 0.746
892 1092
312 380
5.42 5.52
3.21 3.25
140 167
49.2 59.4
158 190
75.0 90.6
0.842 0.845
13.0 11.2
0.0109 0.0136
8.00 13.1
W6-6x3 (152x76)
9 12
14.0 18.0
0.576 0.584
666 841
49.5 60.2
6.11 6.24
1.67 1.67
88.8 1 09
1 3.2 16.0
102 126
20.8 25.4
0.876 0.875
20.4 17.6
0.00253 0.00323
2.81 4.81
11
16.0
0.638
834
89.8
6.41
2.10
109
20.2
123
31.2
0.890
19.6
0.00470
3.56
W6-6x4 (152x102)
9 12
13.4 17.9
0.681 0.690
683 918
91.4 125
6.29 6.33
2.30 2.33
91.1 120
18.3 24.5
102 136
28.1 38.0
0.873 0.869
26.2 20.4
0.00477 0.00665
1.69 3.76
W6-6x6 (152X152)
16 15 15.7
23.8 22.3 23.0
0.704 0.890 0 .889
1330 1210 1250
183 387 400
6.61 6.51 6.54
2.45 3.68 3.70
167 159 164
35.7 50.9 52.6
190 177 182
55.2 77.7 80.2
0.882 0.837 0.840
15.4 21.4 20.7
0.0102 0.0205 0.0212
9.12 4.21 4.63
20
30.0
0.901
1748
560
6.76
3.83
222
73.3
248
112
0.849
16.0
0.0308
10.5
25 11
37.0 16.1
0.912 0 .682
2210 1060
706 85.4
6.85 7.20
3.87 2.04
273 123
91.5 19.0
309 138
140 29.4
0.848 0.884
13.3 23.9
0.0399 0.00588
19.2 3.15
12 15 13
18.1 22.2 19.0
0 .685 0 .691 0 .738
1213 1529 1356
97.6 122 137
7.26 7.36 7.48
2.06 2.08 2.37
139 171 153
21.7 27.1 27.0
157 195 171
33.7 42.3 41.6
0.885 0.886 0.888
21.4 17.8 22.6
0.00680 0.00871 0.00987
4.48 8.16 4.41
10 13
14.9 19.4
0 .779 0.787
1284 1647
87.3 114
8.19 8.16
2.14 2.14
128 162
17.4 22.4
145 187
27.2 35.3
0.867 0.861
36.3 29.0
0.00832 0.0110
1.78 3.63
15 16
22.3 23.1
0 .794 0 .790
1999 2105
142 164
8.36 8.46
2.23 2.36
194 207
27.8 32.2
222 234
43.7 49.8
0.869 0.888
25.2 22.5
0.0139 0.0154
5.68 7.02
W8-8x5 1/4
14
21.0
0.914
1980
251
8.55
3.05
195
37.8
218
58.0
0.874
29.9
0.0243
3.74
(203x133)
15 17
22.3 25.1
0 .911 0 .915
2105 2340
275 308
8.56 8.56
3.09 3.10
208 230
41.3 46.2
232 258
63.4 70.9
0.879 0.877
27.9 25.6
0.0261 0.0294
4.50 5.96
18
26.8
0 .922
2578
331
8.72
3.12
249
49.7
279
76.3
0.880
24.5
0.0326
7.13
20 21
30.0 31.3
0 .923 0.930
2896 3119
385 405
8.71 8.87
3.17 3.20
280 297
57.5 60.4
314 333
88.2 92.7
0.881 0.885
21.5 21.0
0.0374 0.0405
10.3 11.6
W8-8x6 1/2
24
35.7
1.03
3430
757
8.68
4.08
341
91.7
378
140
0.875
19.3
0.0693
14.3
(203x165) W8-8x8
28 31
41.7 46.1
1.04 1.19
4077 4568
901 1548
8.76 8 .82
4.12 5.13
398 450
109 152
445 497
165 231
0.875 0.847
16.8 17.7
0.0838 0.143
22.4 22.2
W5-5x3
U
D
u
m
cm
3
Axis y-y
k g/m
(102x102)
M C
Axis x-x
lb/ft
in (mm) W4-4x4
N
Torsional Constant
M A E B
(127x76)
W6-6x3 1/2 (152x89)
W7-7x 3 1/2 (178x89) W7-7x4
(178x102) W8-8x4 (203x102)
(203x203)
W10-10x4 (254x102)
35
52.0
1.20
5259
1778
8.91
5.18
510
174
567
264
0.848
15.8
0.167
31.8
40 48 58
60.0 71.0 86.1
1.21 1.22 1.24
6125 7618 9449
2065 2537 3128
8.96 9.18 9 .28
5.20 5.30 5.34
5 84 7 06 850
201 246 299
656 799 977
305 374 456
0.846 0.853 0.850
14.1 11.9 10.2
0.197 0.250 0.318
47.2 80.2 137
67
99.7
1.25
11310
3687
9.44
5.39
990
351
1150
536
0.852
9.0
0.387
211
12 15
17.9 22.0
0.881 0.890
2241 2841
90.8 119
9.91 10.1
1.99 2.06
179 224
18.0 23.5
207 259
28.6 37.3
0.851 0.856
44.0 36.4
0.0137 0.0182
2.28 4.15
17
25.2
0 .897
3415
149
10.3
2.15
266
29.2
306
46.0
0.866
31.5
0.0230
6.42
19
28.3
0 .904
4005
179
10.5
2.22
308
34.9
353
54.8
0.874
27.5
0.0280
9.57
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
41
40
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS B
Universal Beams and Columns
n
r N
t
B
D
d
T
E
C
Imperial units A M
b
Designation Size Mass Per Metre S A N D C O L U M N S
Width Of
Thickness
Section
Section
Flange Web
D
B
T
t
Root Radius
r
Depth Between
Area Of
Fillets
Section
d
A
Ratios For Local Buckling Flange Web b/T d/t
2
Dimensions For Detailing End Clearance C
N
n
Notch
in (mm) W10-10x5 3/4
lb/ft 16
kg/m 24.0
mm 253.0
mm 145.0
mm 6.4
mm 5.0
mm 7.6
mm 224.2
cm
31.1
11.33
44.8
mm 5
mm 80
mm 14
(254x146)
21 22 25 26
31.1 32.7 37.0 38.7
251.4 258.3 2 56.0 2 62.4
146.1 146.0 146.4 146.6
8.6 9.1 10.9 11.1
6.0 6.1 6.3 6.6
7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6
219.0 224.8 219.0 225.0
39.7 41.8 47.2 48.9
8.49 7.99 6.72 6.60
36.5 36.8 34.8 34.1
5 5 5 5
80 80 80 80
16 17 19 19
29 30
43.0 44.6
2 59.6 2 65.9
147.3 147.6
12.7 12.9
7.2 7.6
7.6 7.6
219.0 224.9
54.8 56.9
5.80 5.72
30.4 29.5
6 6
80 80
20 21
33 39 42
49.1 58.0 62.5
247.1 252.0 249.4
202.2 202.8 207.0
11.0 13.4 12.2
7.4 8.0 12.2
12.7 12.7 12.7
199.7 199.8 199.6
62.5 73.8 79.3
9.19 7.57 8.49
27.1 25.0 16.4
6 6 8
107 107 107
24 26 25
45 57 49
67.0 84.8 73.1
256.5 258.1 254.1
203.7 211.3 254.6
15.7 16.5 14.2
8.9 16.5 8.6
12.7 12.7 12.7
199.7 199.7 200.3
85.4 108 93.1
6.49 6.40 8.96
22.5 12.1 23.3
6 10 6
107 107 133
28 29 27
54 60
80.4 88.9
2 56.3 260.3
254.8 256.3
15.6 17.3
9.4 10.3
12.7 12.7
199.7 200.3
102 113
8.17 7.41
21.2 19.4
7 7
133 133
28 30
68
101.2
264.2
257.3
19.6
11.9
12.7
199.7
129
6.58
16.7
8
133
32
72 77 88
107.1 114.6 131
266.7 269.2 275.3
258.8 258.8 260.7
20.5 22.1 25.2
12.8 13.5 15.4
12.7 12.7 12.7
200.3 199.6 199.6
136 146 167
6.31 5.86 5.18
15.6 14.8 13.0
8 9 10
133 133 133
33 35 38
W10-10x8 (254x203)
W10-10x10 (254x254)
89
132
276.3
261.3
25.3
15.3
12.7
200.3
168
5.16
13.1
10
133
38
100 112
148.8 167.1
281.9 289.1
262.6 265.2
28.5 31.7
17.3 19.2
12.7 12.7
199.6 200.3
190 213
4.62 4.18
11.6 10.4
11 12
133 133
41 44
14 16 16.5
20.8 23.8 24.8
302.5 304.5 3 05.1
100.8 101.3 101.6
5.7 6.7 7.0
5.1 5.6 5.8
7.6 7.6 7.6
275.8 275.8 275.9
26.8 30.4 31.6
8.83 7.53 7.26
54.3 49.3 47.6
5 5 5
58 58 58
13 14 15
19 22 25
28.2 32.8 37.0
308.7 3 12.7 3 04.4
101.8 102.4 123.3
8.8 10.8 10.7
6.0 6.6 7.1
7.6 7.6 8.9
275.9 275.9 265.2
35.9 41.8 47.2
5.78 4.74 5.76
46.0 41.8 37.4
5 5 6
58 58 68
16 18 20
(305x127)
28 32
41.9 48.1
307.2 3 11.0
124.3 125.3
12.1 14.0
8.0 9.0
8.9 8.9
265.2 265.2
53.4 61.2
5.14 4.48
33.2 29.5
6 7
68 68
21 23
W12-12x6 1/2
21
31.0
3 06.0
164.0
7.4
5.0
7.6
275.2
39.4
11.08
55.0
5
90
15
(305x165)
26 27 30
38.7 40.3 44.6
310.4 3 03.4 3 13.4
164.8 165.0 165.6
9.7 10.2 11.1
5.8 6.0 6.6
7.6 8.9 7.6
275.9 265.2 276.0
49.3 51.3 56.5
8.54 8.09 7.46
47.2 44.2 41.8
5 5 5
89 90 90
17 19 19
31 35 36
46.1 52.1 54.0
3 06.6 3 17.5 3 10.4
165.7 166.6 166.9
11.8 13.2 13.7
6.7 7.6 7.9
8.9 7.6 8.9
265.2 275.9 265.2
58.7 66.7 68.8
7.02 6.31 6.09
39.6 36.2 33.6
5 6 6
90 89 90
21 21 23
40 45
59.5 67.0
303.3 306.3
203.3 204.3
13.0 14.6
7.5 8.5
15.2 15.2
246.9 246.7
75.6 85.2
7.82 7.00
33.0 29.0
6 6
108 108
28 30
50
74.4
309.6
205.2
16.2
9.4
15.2
246.8
94.5
6.33
26.3
7
108
31
53 58
78.9 86.3
306.3 3 09.6
253.9 254.3
14.6 16.2
8.8 9.1
15.2 15.2
246.7 246.8
100 110
8.70 7.85
28.2 27.0
6 7
133 133
30 31
W12-12x4 (305x102)
W12-12x5
W12-12x8 (305x203) W12-12x10 (305x254)
42
Depth Of
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
41
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS y
x
x
Imperial units Designation Size Mass Per Metre in (mm) W10-10x5 3/4 (254x146)
W10-10x8 (254x203)
W10-10x10 (254x254)
W12-12x4 (305x102)
W12-12x5 (305x127) W12-12x6 1/2 (305x165)
W12-12x8 (305x203) W12-12x10 (305x254)
S
y
lb/ft k g/m 16 24.0 21 31.1 22 32.7 25 37.0 26 38.7 29 43.0 30 44.6 33 49.1 39 58.0 42 62.5 45 67.0 57 84.8 49 73.1 54 80.4 60 88.9 68 101 72 107 77 115 88 131 89 132 100 149 112 167 14 20.8 16 23.8 16.5 24.8 19 28.2 22 32.8 25 37.0 28 41.9 32 48.1 21 31.0 26 38.7 27 40.3 30 44.6 31 46.1 35 52.1 36 54.0 40 59.5 45 67.0 50 74.4 53 78.9 58 86.3
Surface Area per Metre 2
Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y 4
4
m
cm
cm
1.06 1.06 1.08 1.07 1.08 1.08 1.09 1.27 1.28 1.25 1.29 1.31 1.49 1.49 1.50 1.51 1.52 1.52 1.54 1.55 1.56 1.58 0.985 0.990 0.992 1.00 1.01 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.24 1.26 1.24 1.26 1.25 1.27 1.26 1.38 1.39 1.40 1.58 1.59
3477 4413 4917 5537 5974 6544 7048 7071 8672 8430 10300 11930 11410 12590 14270 16390 17510 18950 22210 22530 25900 30000 3682 4274 4455 5366 6501 7166 8196 9575 6554 8498 8503 9864 9899 11860 11700 12840 14570 16350 17700 19740
326 448 475 571 584 677 692 1517 1865 1807 2214 2606 3908 4304 4858 5558 5928 6391 7436 7531 8598 9870 97.9 117 123 155 194 335 389 461 544 720 764 841 896 1019 1063 1823 2078 2337 3986 4444
Radius Of Gyration Axis Axis x-x y-y cm 10.6 10.5 10.8 10.8 11.1 10.9 11.1 10.6 10.8 10.3 11.0 10.5 11.1 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.9 11.7 11.9 11.9 12.2 12.5 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.9 13.1 12.9 13.2 13.0 13.3 13.0 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4
cm 3.23 3.36 3.37 3.48 3.45 3.52 3.49 4.93 5.03 4.77 5.09 4.91 6.48 6.49 6.55 6.57 6.59 6.61 6.67 6.69 6.73 6.81 1.91 1.96 1.97 2.08 2.15 2.67 2.70 2.74 3.72 3.82 3.86 3.86 3.90 3.91 3.93 4.91 4.94 4.97 6.30 6.36
Elastic Modulus
Buckling Parameter
Plastic Modulus
Torsional Index
N
Warping Constant
M
Torsional Constant U L O C
Axis x-x 3
Axis y-y 3
Axis x-x 3
Axis y-y
x
3
cm
cm
cm
cm
275 351 381 433 455 504 530 572 688 676 803 925 898 983 1096 1241 1313 1408 1613 1631 1838 2075 243 281 292 348 416 471 534 616 428 548 560 629 646 747 754 847 952 1056 1156 1275
44.9 61.3 65.0 78.0 79.6 92.0 93.8 150 184 175 217 247 307 338 379 432 458 494 570 576 655 744 19.4 23.1 24.2 30.5 37.9 54.4 62.6 73.6 66.4 87.4 92.7 102 108 122 127 179 203 228 314 349
308 393 426 483 510 566 597 634 765 768 898 1067 992 1 091 1224 1 398 1 484 1 599 1 850 1 869 2127 2424 286 329 342 403 481 539 614 711 476 609 623 703 720 838 846 938 1 060 1183 1276 1411
69.0 94.1 100 119 122 141 144 229 280 271 331 385 465 512 575 657 697 752 869 878 999 1137 31.1 37.0 38.8 48.5 60.0 85.3 98.4 116 102 134 142 156 166 188 196 274 311 349 477 531
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
D
u
H 6
0.874 0.880 0.882 0.890 0.888 0.891 0.888 0.873 0.878 0.851 0.880 0.849 0.849 0.849 0.850 0.849 0.848 0.849 0.850 0.850 0.851 0.851 0.842 0.846 0.846 0.859 0.866 0.872 0.872 0.873 0.881 0.887 0.889 0.887 0.891 0.889 0.889 0.890 0.889 0.889 0.876 0.878
38.2 29.6 28.9 24.3 24.5 21.2 21.3 21.5 18.3 17.9 15.9 13.6 17.3 15.8 14.5 12.9 12.4 11.6 10.3 10.3 9.3 8.5 50.8 45.0 43.4 37.4 31.6 29.7 26.5 23.3 42.4 33.8 31.0 29.7 27.1 25.3 23.6 22.9 20.6 18.8 20.4 18.7
N A
J S
4
dm
cm
0.0494 0.0660 0.0737 0.0857 0.0921 0.103 0.111 0.211 0.265 0.254 0.321 0.380 0.562 0.623 0.717 0.832 0.898 0.976 1.16 1.19 1.38 1.63 0.0216 0.0260 0.0273 0.0349 0.0442 0.0723 0.0847 0.102 0.121 0.163 0.164 0.192 0.195 0.236 0.234 0.384 0.442 0.503 0.848 0.956
4.16 8.55 9.96 15.3 16.5 23.9 25.6 24.0 40.2 44.5 62.3 109 57.6 75.6 102 148 172 213 314 319 452 626 2.93 4.27 4.77 7.40 12.2 14.8 21.1 31.8 6.3 12.5 14.7 18.7 22.2 30.8 34.8 39.1 54.6 73.5 65.6 86.5
M A E B
43
42
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS B
Universal Beams and Columns
n
r N
t
B
D
d
T
E
Imperial units A M
Designation Size Mass Per Metre S A N D C O L U M N S
Depth Of Section
Width Of Section
D
B
Thickness
Root Radius
Flange Web T
t
r
Depth Between Fillets
Area Of Section
d
A
Ratios For Local Buckling Flange Web b/T d/t
2
Dimensions For Detailing End Clearance C
N
n
Notch
in (mm)
lb/ft
kg/m
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
cm
mm
mm
mm
W12-12x12 (305x305)
65 72 79 87 92 96 106 120 133 136
96.9 107.1 117.9 129.5 136.9 142.8 158.1 178.6 198.1 202.4
307.9 311.1 314.5 318.3 320.5 322.8 327.1 333.2 339.9 340.6
305.3 305.8 307.4 308.0 309.2 308.9 311.2 312.9 314.5 315.0
15.4 17.0 18.7 20.6 21.7 22.9 25.0 28.1 31.4 31.8
9.9 10.9 12.0 13.1 13.8 14.0 15.8 18.0 19.1 20.1
15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2
246.7 246.7 246.7 246.8 246.7 246.7 246.7 246.7 246.7 246.7
123 136 150 165 174 182 201 228 252 258
9.91 8.98 8.22 7.49 7.12 6.76 6.22 5.57 5.01 4.96
24.9 22.6 20.6 18.9 17.9 17.7 15.6 13.7 12.9 12.3
7 7 8 9 9 9 10 11 12 12
158 157 158 157 158 157 158 157 158 157
31 32 34 36 37 38 40 43 47 47
152 161 170 190 210 230 252 278 279 305 336
226.2 240 253 282.9 312.5 342 375 413.7 415 454 500
348.2 352.5 356.4 365.3 373.6 382.3 391.4 402.6 402.6 414.5 427.2
317.0 318.4 319.3 322.2 324.9 327.5 330.3 333.8 333.8 336.2 340.0
35.6 37.7 39.6 44.1 48.3 52.6 57.2 62.7 62.7 68.7 75.1
22.1 23.0 24.4 26.8 30.0 32.6 35.4 38.9 38.9 41.3 45.1
15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2
246.7 246.7 246.8 246.7 246.7 246.7 246.6 246.7 246.8 246.7 246.6
289 306 323 360 399 437 478 529 528 578 638
4.46 4.22 4.03 3.65 3.37 3.11 2.89 2.66 2.66 2.45 2.26
11.2 10.7 10.1 9.21 8.23 7.57 6.97 6.35 6.34 5.97 5.47
13 14 14 15 17 18 20 21 21 23 25
157 158 157 158 157 157 157 157 157 157 157
51 53 55 59 63 68 72 78 78 84 90
W14-14x5 (356x127) W14-14x6 3/4
22 26 30
33.1 39.1 45.0
3 49.0 3 53.4 3 51.4
125.4 126.0 171.1
8.5 10.7 9.7
6.0 6.6 7.0
10.2 10.2 10.2
311.6 311.6 311.6
42.1 49.8 57.3
7.38 5.89 8.82
51.9 47.2 44.5
5 5 6
70 70 92
19 21 20
(356x171)
34 38 45 43 48 53 61 68 74 82 87 90 99 103 109 119 120 132 136
51.0 57.0 67.1 64.0 71.4 78.9 90.8 101.2 110.1 122 129 133.9 147.3 152.9 162.2 177 178.6 196.4 201.9
3 55.0 3 58.0 3 63.4 347.0 3 50.3 353.6 352.8 356.6 359.9 363.5 355.6 356.1 359.7 362.0 363.7 368.2 367.8 372.4 374.6
171.5 172.2 173.2 203.1 204.0 204.7 253.9 254.8 255.8 257.3 368.6 368.8 370.0 370.5 371.0 372.6 372.6 374.0 374.7
11.5 13.0 15.7 13.4 15.1 16.7 16.3 18.3 19.9 21.7 17.5 18.0 19.8 20.7 21.8 23.8 23.9 26.2 27.0
7.4 8.1 9.1 7.8 8.6 9.4 9.5 10.5 11.4 12.9 10.4 11.2 12.3 12.3 13.3 14.4 15.0 16.4 16.5
10.2 10.2 10.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2
311.6 311.6 311.6 289.8 289.7 289.8 289.8 289.6 289.6 289.7 290.2 289.6 289.7 290.2 289.6 290.2 289.6 289.7 290.2
64.9 72.6 85.5 81.2 91.2 100 115 129 141 155 164 171 188 195 207 226 228 250 257
7.46 6.62 5.52 7.58 6.75 6.13 7.79 6.97 6.41 5.92 10.5 10.2 9.34 8.95 8.49 7.83 7.80 7.15 6.94
42.1 38.5 34.2 37.4 33.5 30.8 30.4 27.5 25.3 22.5 27.9 25.9 23.5 23.6 21.7 20.2 19.3 17.7 17.6
6 6 7 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 10 10
92 92 92 108 108 108 132 132 132 132 189 189 189 189 189 189 189 189 189
22 23 26 29 30 32 32 33 35 37 33 33 35 36 37 39 39 41 42
W14-14x8 (356x203) W14-14x10 (356x254)
W14-14x14 1/2 (356x368)
44
C
b
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
43
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS y
x
x
Imperial units Designation Size Mass Per Metre
Surface Area per Metre 2
Second Moment
Radius Of
Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y
Gyration Axis Axis x-x y-y
4
4
Elastic Modulus
Buckling Parameter
Plastic Modulus
3
Axis y-y 3
Axis x-x 3
Axis y-y
N
Warping Constant
M
Torsional Constant U L O D
u
x
3
H
kg/m
m
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm
W12-12x12 (305x305)
65 72 79
96.9 107 118
1.79 1.80 1.81
22250 24830 27670
7308 8117 9060
13.4 13.5 13.6
7.69 7.72 7.77
1445 1596 1760
479 531 589
1 592 1767 1 958
726 806 895
0.850 0.850 0.850
87 92 96
130 137 143
1.82 1.82 1.83
30810 32820 34670
10030 10700 11240
13.7 13.7 13.8
7.80 7.83 7.86
1936 2048 2148
651 692 728
2164 2297 2413
990 1053 1106
106 120 133 136
158 179 198 202
1.84 1.86 1.87 1.87
38750 44560 50900 51790
12570 14350 16300 16560
13.9 14.0 14.2 14.2
7.90 7.94 8.04 8.02
2369 2675 2995 3041
808 917 1037 1052
2680 3053 3440 3501
152 161 170
226 240 253
1.89 1.91 1.92
59610 64200 68490
18910 20320 21540
14.4 14.5 14.6
8.09 8.15 8.17
3424 3643 3844
1193 1276 1349
190 210 230
283 313 342
1.94 1.96 1.98
78870 89270 100600
24640 27660 30880
14.8 15.0 15.2
8.27 8.33 8.41
4318 4779 5261
252 278 279 305
375 414 415 454
2.01 2.04 2.04 2.07
113200 129600 129500 147600
34470 39040 39010 43690
15.4 15.7 15.7 16.0
8.49 8.59 8.59 8.69
336 22 26
500 33.1 39.1
2.10 1.17 1.18
169000 8250 10170
49420 280 358
16.3 14.0 14.3
W14-14x6 3/4 (356x171)
30 34 38 45
45.0 51.0 57.0 67.1
1.36 1.36 1.37 1.38
12070 14140 16040 19460
811 968 1108 1362
W14-14x8 (356x203)
43 48 53
64.0 71.4 78.9
1.46 1.47 1.48
17760 20170 22480
W14-14x10 (356x254)
61 68 74
90.8 101 110
1.68 1.69 1.69
82 87 90 99
122 129 134 147
103 109 119 120 132 136
N A
J 6
lb/ft
W14-14x14 1/2 (356x368)
Torsional Index
C
Axis x-x
in (mm)
W14-14x5 (356x127)
S
y
dm
cm
19.3 17.6 16.2
1.56 1.75 1.98
91.2 122 161
0.851 0.851 0.853
14.9 14.2 13.6
2.22 2.39 2.53
212 249 285
1230 1399 1581 1606
0.851 0.851 0.853 0.852
12.5 11.2 10.2 10.1
2.87 3.34 3.88 3.95
378 537 734 771
3975 4247 4502
1823 1951 2064
0.853 0.854 0.854
9.2 8.7 8.4
4.62 5.03 5.40
1074 1271 1480
1529 1702 1886
5105 5703 6332
2342 2613 2898
0.855 0.855 0.856
7.7 7.1 6.6
6.35 7.32 8.39
2034 2693 3490
5783 6437 6435 7122
2087 2339 2338 2599
7020 7890 7888 8807
3211 3604 3602 4006
0.856 0.857 0.857 0.860
6.2 5.7 5.7 5.4
9.62 11.3 11.3 13.1
4495 5953 5946 7719
8.80 2.58 2.68
7913 473 576
2907 44.7 56.8
9882 543 659
4487 70.3 89.1
0.861 0.863 0.871
5.0 42.2 35.2
15.3 0.0813 0.105
10110 8.79 15.1
14.5 14.8 14.9 15.1
3.76 3.86 3.91 3.99
687 796 8 96 1071
94.8 113 129 157
775 896 1 010 1211
147 174 199 243
0.874 0.881 0.882 0.886
36.8 32.1 28.8 24.4
0.237 0.286 0.330 0.412
15.8 23.8 33.4 55.7
1874 2140 2391
14.8 14.9 15.0
4.80 4.84 4.88
1024 1151 1271
185 210 234
1138 1285 1424
283 322 359
0.891 0.891 0.892
25.9 23.3 21.3
0.521 0.601 0.679
43.2 60.4 80.1
26540 30060 33120
4451 5048 5569
15.2 15.3 15.3
6.21 6.26 6.29
1505 1686 1840
351 396 435
1 668 1878 2 058
534 604 665
0.886 0.886 0.886
21.5 19.4 18.0
1.26 1.44 1.61
90.3 126 161
1.70 2.14 2.14 2.15
36680 40250 41580 46240
6175 14610 15080 16730
15.4 15.6 15.6 15.7
6.31 9.43 9.40 9.43
2018 2264 2335 2571
480 793 818 904
2 270 2479 2565 2838
734 1199 1238 1370
0.884 0.844 0.842 0.842
16.6 19.9 19.2 17.7
1.80 4.18 4.31 4.83
211 153 169 223
153 162 177
2.16 2.16 2.17
48590 51540 57120
17550 18600 20530
15.8 15.8 15.9
9.49 9.49 9.54
2685 2834 3103
948 1003 1102
2965 3142 3455
1435 1519 1671
0.844 0.843 0.844
17.0 16.2 15.0
5.11 5.43 6.09
251 296 381
179 196 202
2.17 2.18 2.19
57290 63720 66260
20600 22820 23690
15.9 16.0 16.1
9.51 9.55 9.60
3115 3422 3538
1106 1221 1264
3475 3838 3972
1678 1853 1920
0.842 0.843 0.844
14.9 13.7 13.4
6.09 6.84 7.16
390 511 558
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
S
4
M A E B
45
44
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS B
Universal Beams and Columns
n
r N
t
B
D
d
T
E A
C
Imperial units M S
b
Designation Size Mass Per Metre A N D C O L U M N S
Width
Of
Of
Section
Section
D
B
Thickness
Root
Depth
Radius
Between
Flange Web T
t
r
Area Of
Fillets
Section
d
A
Ratios For Local Buckling Flange Web b/T d/t
2
Dimensions For Detailing End Clearance C
N
n
Notch
in (mm)
lb/ft
kg/m
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
cm
mm
mm
mm
W14-14x16 (356x406)
118 145
175.6 215.8
360.0 375.4
396.0 393.7
20.0 27.7
20.0 17.3
15.0 15.2
290.0 289.6
224 275
9.90 7.11
14.5 16.8
12 11
198 198
35 43
158 159
235.1 236.6
381.0 380.5
394.8 395.4
30.2 30.2
18.4 18.9
15.2 15.2
290.2 289.6
299 302
6.54 6.54
15.8 15.3
11 11
198 198
45 45
176 193 211 219
261.9 287.1 314 326
386.6 393.6 399.3 403.1
397.5 399.0 401.3 402.0
33.3 36.5 39.6 41.2
21.1 22.6 24.9 25.5
15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2
289.7 290.2 289.7 290.3
334 366 400 415
5.97 5.47 5.06 4.88
13.7 12.8 11.6 11.4
13 13 14 15
198 198 198 198
48 52 55 56
228
339.9
406.4
403.0
42.9
26.6
15.2
290.2
433
4.70
10.9
15
198
58
233
346.7
407.4
403.6
43.7
27.2
15.2
289.6
442
4.62
10.7
16
198
59
257 264 283 311
382.5 393 421.1 462.8
416.1 419.0 425.2 434.8
406.3 407.0 409.2 412.2
48.0 49.2 52.6 57.4
29.8 30.6 32.8 35.8
15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2
289.7 290.2 289.6 289.6
488 501 537 590
4.23 4.14 3.89 3.59
9.71 9.48 8.84 8.09
17 17 18 20
198 198 198 198
63 64 68 73
314 342
467 509
436.6 445.5
412.2 415.5
58.0 62.7
35.8 39.1
15.2 15.2
290.2 289.6
595 649
3.55 3.31
8.11 7.40
20 22
198 198
73 78
370 398 426
551 592.3 633.9
455.6 464.6 474.6
418.5 421.4 424.0
67.5 72.3 77.0
42.1 45.0 47.6
15.2 15.2 15.2
290.2 289.7 290.2
702 755 808
3.10 2.92 2.75
6.89 6.44 6.10
23 24 26
198 198 198
83 87 92
455 500 550
677.1 744.1 818.5
483.1 497.8 514.1
427.6 432.1 436.9
81.5 88.9 97.0
51.2 5 5.6 6 0.5
15.2 15.2 15.2
289.6 289.6 289.6
863 948 1043
2.62 2.43 2.25
5.66 5.21 4.79
28 30 32
198 198 198
97 104 112
605 665
900.3 989.6
531.4 549.7
442.3 448.3
105.6 114.8
65.9 71.9
15.2 15.2
289.8 289.7
1147 1261
2.09 1.95
4.40 4.03
35 38
198 198
121 130
730 26 31 36
1086 39.0 46.0 54.1
569.5 398.0 403.2 4 02.6
454.4 141.8 142.2 177.7
124.7 8.6 11.2 10.9
78.0 6.4 6.8 7.7
15.2 10.2 10.2 10.2
289.7 360.4 360.4 360.4
1385 49.7 58.6 69.0
1.82 8.24 6.35 8.15
3.72 56.3 53.0 46.8
41 5 5 6
198 78 78 95
140 19 21 21
40 45
60.1 67.1
406.4 4 09.4
177.9 178.8
12.8 14.3
7.9 8.8
10.2 10.2
360.4 360.4
76.5 85.5
6.95 6.25
45.6 41.0
6 6
95 95
23 25
50 57 67
74.2 84.8 99.7
4 12.8 417.3 414.8
179.5 180.8 260.0
16.0 18.2 16.9
9.5 10.9 10.0
10.2 10.2 10.2
360.4 360.6 360.6
94.5 108 127
5.61 4.98 7.70
37.9 33.0 36.0
7 7 7
95 95 135
26 28 27
77
114.6
419.6
261.5
19.3
11.6
10.2
360.6
146
6.77
31.2
8
135
30
89 100
132.4 148.8
425.4 431.0
263.3 264.8
22.2 25.0
13.3 14.9
10.2 10.2
360.6 360.6
169 190
5.92 5.29
27.0 24.3
9 9
135 135
32 35
35 40
52.3 59.8
4 49.8 454.6
152.4 152.9
10.9 13.3
7.6 8.1
10.2 10.2
407.6 407.6
66.6 76.2
6.99 5.75
53.6 50.3
6 6
82 82
21 24
45
67.2
4 58.0
153.8
15.0
9.0
10.2
407.6
85.6
5.13
45.3
7
82
25
46 50 55
68.5 74.2 82.1
4 58.7 4 62.0 465.8
153.9 154.4 155.3
15.3 17.0 18.9
9.1 9.6 10.5
10.2 10.2 10.2
407.7 407.6 407.6
87.1 94.5 105
5.03 4.54 4.11
44.6 42.5 38.8
7 7 7
82 82 82
26 27 29
W16-16x5 1/2 (406x140) W16-16x7 (406x178)
W16-16x10 1/4 (406x260)
W18-18x6 (457x152)
46
Depth
W18-18x7 1/2
41
61
450.0
189.0
10.8
8.1
10.2
408.4
76
8.75
50.4
6
750
21
(457x191)
45 50
67.1 74.3
453.4 457.0
189.9 190.4
12.7 14.5
8.5 9.0
10.2 10.2
407.6 407.6
85.5 94.6
7.48 6.57
48.0 45.3
6 7
101 101
23 25
55 60 65
82.0 89.3 96.7
460.0 463.4 466.1
191.3 191.9 192.8
16.0 17.7 19.1
9.9 10.5 11.4
10.2 10.2 10.2
407.6 407.6 407.6
104 114 123
5.98 5.42 5.06
41.2 38.8 35.7
7 7 8
101 101 101
26 28 29
66 71
98.3 105.7
467.2 469.1
192.8 193.9
19.6 20.6
11.4 12.6
10.2 10.2
407.6 407.6
125 134
4.92 4.71
35.8 32.4
8 8
101 101
30 31
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
45
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS y
x
x
Imperial units
S
y
Designation Size Mass Per Metre
Surface Area per Metre
Second Moment
Radius Of
Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y
Gyration Axis Axis x-x y-y cm 9.61 10.1
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Buckling Parameter
Torsional Index
N
Warping Constant
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
cm3
cm3
cm3
cm3
2876 3796
1047 1432
3235 4264
1603 2172
0.810 0.832
u
x
H
J
dm6
cm4
16.1 13.0
5.99 8.52
322 632
m2
cm4
cm4
2.24 2.26
51770 71240
20730 28180
cm 15.2 16.1
158 159 176 193 211
235 237 262 287 314
2.28 2.28 2.29 2.31 2.33
79090 79160 89040 99880 110500
30990 31170 34860 38680 42720
16.3 16.2 16.3 16.5 16.6
10.2 10.2 10.2 10.3 10.3
4151 4161 4606 5075 5537
1570 1577 1754 1939 2129
4687 4702 5244 5812 6387
2383 2394 2667 2949 3243
0.834 0.833 0.833 0.835 0.834
12.1 12.0 11.0 10.2 9.5
9.54 9.56 10.9 12.3 13.8
812 822 1101 1441 1854
219 228 233 257 264 283
326 340 347 383 393 421
2.34 2.35 2.35 2.37 2.38 2.40
116400 122500 125100 141500 146600 159800
44660 46850 47930 53750 55370 60150
16.7 16.8 16.8 17.0 17.1 17.2
10.4 10.4 10.4 10.5 10.5 10.6
5777 6031 6141 6803 6998 7516
2222 2325 2375 2646 2721 2940
6681 6999 7140 7975 8222 8887
3384 3544 3621 4038 4154 4492
0.836 0.836 0.836 0.837 0.837 0.837
9.2 8.8 8.7 8.0 7.9 7.4
14.6 15.5 15.9 18.2 18.9 20.9
2073 2343 2478 3292 3545 4336
311 314 342 370 398
463 467 509 551 592
2.42 2.42 2.45 2.47 2.50
180100 183000 203800 226900 249800
67130 67830 75180 82670 90380
17.5 17.5 17.7 18.0 18.2
10.7 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.9
8283 8383 9151 9962 10750
3257 3291 3619 3951 4289
9877 10000 11010 12080 13130
4983 5034 5 543 6058 6583
0.838 0.839 0.840 0.841 0.842
6.9 6.9 6.4 6.1 5.7
23.9 24.3 27.5 31.1 34.8
5655 5809 7401 9240 11350
426 455 500 550 605 665
634 677 744 819 900 990
2.52 2.55 2.59 2.63 2.67 2.72
274800 299400 341900 392400 450600 518100
98130 106600 120000 135500 153100 173400
18.4 18.6 19.0 19.4 19.8 20.3
11.0 11.1 11.3 11.4 11.6 11.7
11580 12400 13740 15260 16960 18850
4629 4987 5555 6202 6922 7736
14240 15340 17160 19260 21610 24250
7108 7 669 8 553 9 560 10680 11960
0.843 0.843 0.844 0.846 0.848 0.849
5.5 5.2 4.9 4.6 4.3 4.0
38.8 43.0 50.2 58.9 69.4 82.0
13720 16460 21390 27870 36130 46760
W16-16x5 1/2 (406x140) W16-16x7 (406x178)
730 26 31 36 40
1086 39.0 46.0 54.1 60.1
2.77 1.33 1.34 1.48 1.49
597000 12510 15690 18720 21600
196300 410 538 1021 1203
20.8 15.9 16.4 16.5 16.8
11.9 2.87 3.03 3.85 3.97
20970 629 778 930 1063
8640 57.8 75.7 115 135
27230 724 888 1055 1199
13370 90.8 118 178 209
0.851 0.858 0.871 0.871 0.880
3.8 47.5 38.9 38.3 33.8
97.1 0.155 0.207 0.392 0.466
60230 10.7 19.0 23.1 33.3
W16-16x10 1/4 (406x260)
45 50 57 67 77
67.1 74.2 84.8 99.7 115
1.50 1.51 1.52 1.83 1.84
24330 27310 31520 39730 46110
1365 1546 1794 4951 5758
16.9 17.0 17.1 17.7 17.8
3.99 4.04 4.07 6.25 6.28
1189 1323 1511 1915 2198
153 172 198 381 440
1346 1501 1724 2128 2457
237 267 309 581 673
0.880 0.882 0.881 0.888 0.887
30.5 27.6 24.5 25.4 22.4
0.533 0.608 0.714 1.96 2.31
46.1 62.8 92.2 99.4 149
89 100 35 40 45 46
132 149 52.3 59.8 67.2 68.5
1.86 1.87 1.48 1.49 1.50 1.50
54060 61830 21370 25500 28930 29530
6768 7754 645 795 913 933
17.9 18.0 17.9 18.3 18.4 18.4
6.33 6.39 3.11 3.23 3.27 3.27
2541 2869 950 1122 1263 1288
514 586 84.7 104 119 121
2859 3246 1096 1287 1453 1482
788 899 133 163 187 191
0.887 0.887 0.859 0.868 0.869 0.869
19.7 17.7 43.9 37.5 33.6 33.0
2.75 3.20 0.311 0.387 0.448 0.458
227 322 21.4 33.8 47.7 50.4
50 55 41 45 50
74.2 82.1 61.0 67.1 74.3
1.50 1.51 1.62 1.63 1.64
32670 36590 25380 29380 33320
1047 1185 1218 1452 1671
18.6 18.7 18.2 18.5 18.8
3.33 3.37 3.99 4.12 4.20
1414 1571 1128 1296 1458
136 153 129 153 176
1627 1811 1286 1471 1653
213 240 201 237 272
0.873 0.873 0.865 0.872 0.877
30.1 27.4 42.6 37.9 33.9
0.518 0.591 0.6 0.705 0.818
65.9 89.2 26 37.1 51.8
55 60 65 66 71
82.0 89.3 96.7 98.3 106
1.65 1.66 1.66 1.67 1.67
37050 41020 44590 45730 48760
1871 2089 2281 2347 2507
18.8 19.0 19.0 19.1 19.0
4.23 4.29 4.30 4.33 4.32
1611 1770 1913 1957 2079
196 218 237 243 259
1831 2014 2184 2232 2383
304 338 369 379 404
0.877 0.880 0.879 0.881 0.877
30.9 28.3 26.3 25.7 24.4
0.922 1.04 1.14 1.18 1.26
69.2 90.7 114 121 145
W18-18x7 1/2 (457x191)
L O D
Axis y-y
kg/m 176 216
W18-18x6 (457x152)
U C
Axis x-x
lb/ft 118 145
in (mm) W14-14x16 (356x406)
M
Torsional Constant
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
N A S M A E B
47
46
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS B
Universal Beams and Columns
n
r N
t
B
D
d
T
E
Imperial units A M
Designation Size Mass Per Metre S A N D C O L U M
in (mm) S
W18-18x11 (457x279)
N
W21-21x6 1/2 (533x165) W21-21x8 1/4 (533x210)
W21-21x12 1/4 (533x312)
W24-24x7 (610x178) W24-24x9 (610x229)
W24-24x12 (610x305)
48
C
b
Depth Of Section
Width Of Section
D
B
T
t
Thickness
Root Radius
Depth Between Fillets
Area Of Section
r
d
A
Flange Web
Ratios For Local Buckling Flange Web b/T d/t
Dimensions For Detailing End Clearance C
N
n
mm 145
mm 27
Notch
lb/ft 76
kg/m 113.1
mm 462.5
mm 280.3
mm 17.3
mm 10.8
mm 10.2
mm 407.6
cm2 144
8.12
37.7
mm 7
86
128
467.1
281.7
19.6
12.1
10.2
407.6
163
7.20
33.7
8
145
30
97
144.4
472.2
283.1
22.1
13.6
10.2
407.6
184
6.40
30.0
9
145
32
106
157.7
475.7
284.5
23.9
15.0
10.2
407.5
201
5.96
27.2
9
145
34
119 130
177.1 193.5
481.8 489.0
286.1 283.5
26.9 30.5
16.6 1 7.0
10.2 10.2
407.6 407.6
226 247
5.31 4.65
24.5 24.0
10 11
145 143
37 41
143 158
212.8 235
495.0 501.0
285.0 287.0
33.5 36.6
1 8.5 20.6
10.2 10.2
407.5 407.8
271 299
4.25 3.92
22.0 19.8
11 12
143 143
44 47
175
260
509.0
289.0
40.4
22.6
10.2
408.2
331
3.58
18.1
13
143
50
44
65.5
524.8
165.1
11.4
8.9
12.7
476.6
84
7.24
53.6
6
88
24
50
74.4
529.1
165.9
13.5
9.7
12.7
476.7
95
6.14
49.4
7
88
26
57 48
84.8 71.4
534.9 523.2
166.5 206.8
16.5 10.9
10.3 8.9
12.7 12.7
476.5 476.5
108 91
5.04 11.62
46.3 43.7
7 6
88 109
29 23
55
82.2
5 28.3
208.8
13.2
9.6
12.7
476.5
105
7.91
49.6
7
110
26
62
92.1
533.1
209.3
15.6
10.1
12.7
476.5
117
6.71
47.2
7
110
28
68 73
101 1 09
536.7 539.5
210.0 210.8
17.4 18.8
10.8 11.6
12.7 12.7
476.5 476.5
129 139
6.03 5.61
44.1 41.1
7 8
110 110
30 32
82
122
544.5
211.9
21.3
12.7
12.7
476.5
155
4.97
37.5
8
110
34
83 93
123.5 138.4
544.3 549.1
212.2 213.9
21.2 23.6
13.1 14.7
12.7 12.7
476.5 476.5
157 176
5.00 4.53
36.4 32.3
9 9
110 110
34 36
101 111
150.3 165.2
542.5 546.4
312.2 313.4
20.3 22.2
12.7 14.0
12.7 12.7
476.5 476.6
192 211
7.68 7.05
37.5 34.1
8 9
160 160
33 35
122 132
181.6 196.4
550.7 554.5
314.7 316.0
24.4 26.3
1 5.2 1 6.5
12.7 12.7
476.5 476.5
231 250
6.45 6.01
31.3 28.9
10 10
160 160
37 39
147
218.8
560.3
317.8
29.2
1 8.3
12.7
476.5
279
5.44
26.1
11
160
42
166
247
571.0
315.5
34.5
19.1
12.7
476.5
315
4.57
25.0
12
158
47
182
270.8
577.1
317.8
37.6
2 1.1
12.7
476.5
346
4.23
22.6
13
158
50
201 223
300 331
585.0 593.0
319.0 322.0
41.4 45.5
23.1 25.4
12.7 12.7
476.8 476.6
382 422
3.85 3.54
20.6 18.8
14 15
158 158
54 58
248 275
370 409
603.0 613.0
324.0 327.0
50.5 55.6
26.2 31.0
12.7 12.7
476.6 476.4
460 521
3.21 2.94
18.2 15.4
15 18
159 158
63 68
55
81.9
598.7
177.9
12.8
10.0
12.7
547.6
105
6.93
54.6
7
94
26
61
91.0
6 02.5
178.4
15.0
10.6
1 2.7
547.1
116
5.95
51.6
7
94
28
62
92.3
603.0
178.8
15.0
10.9
12.7
547.6
118
5.96
50.1
7
94
28
68 76
101.2 113
602.6 607.6
227.6 228.2
14.8 17.3
10.5 11.1
12.7 12.7
547.6 547.6
129 144
7.69 6.60
52.2 49.3
7 8
119 119
28 30
84 94
125.1 139.9
612.2 617.2
229.0 230.2
19.3 22.1
11.9 13.1
12.7 12.7
548.2 547.6
158 178
5.93 5.21
46.1 41.8
8 9
119 119
32 35
103 114
153 171
623.1 628.9
228.6 229.9
24.9 27.9
14.0 15.5
12.7 12.7
547.9 547.7
195 218
4.59 4.12
39.1 35.3
9 10
117 117
38 41
128
191
635.0
231.5
30.9
17.0
12.7
547.8
242
3.75
32.2
11
117
44
146 163
217 243
643.1 651.0
234.1 235.9
35.1 39.1
19.6 21.6
12.7 12.7
547.5 547.4
278 310
3.33 3.02
27.9 25.3
12 13
117 117
48 52
181 198
270 295
658.6 667.0
238.5 240.5
42.9 47.0
23.9 25.9
12.7 12.7
547.4 547.6
343 376
2.78 2.56
22.9 21.1
14 15
117 117
56 60
218 239
325 356
675.1 685.0
243.1 245.6
51.0 55.9
28.4 31.0
12.7 12.7
547.7 547.8
412 454
2.38 2.20
19.3 17.7
16 18
117 117
64 69
100 120
149.1 179
612.4 620.2
304.8 307.1
19.7 23.6
11.8 14.1
16.5 16.5
540.0 540.0
190 228
7.74 6.51
45.8 38.3
8 9
157 157
36 40
160
238.1
635.8
311.4
31.4
18.4
16.5
540.0
303
4.96
29.3
11
157
48
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
47
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS y
x
x
Imperial units Designation Size Mass Per Metre in (mm) W18-18x11 (457x279)
lb/ft 76 86 97 106 119 130 143 158 175 W21-21x6 1/2 44 (533x165) 50 57 W21-21x8 1/4 48 (533x210) 55 62 68 73 82 83 93 W21-21x12 1/4 101 (533x312) 111 122 132 147 166 182 201 223 248 275 W24-24x7 55 (610x178) 61 62 W24-24x9 68 (610x229) 76 84 94 103 114 128 146 163 181 198 218 239 W24-24x12 100 (610x305) 120 160
S
y
kg/m 113 128 144 158 177 194 213 235 260 65.5 74.4 84.8 71 82.2 92.1 101 109 122 124 138 150 165 182 196 219 247 271 300 331 370 409 81.9 91.0 92.3 101 113 125 140 153 171 191 217 243 270 295 325 356 149 179 238
Surface Area per Metre 2
Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y 4
4
m
cm
cm
2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.06 2.06 2.08 2.09 2.11 1.67 1.68 1.69 1.85 1.85 1.86 1.87 1.88 1.89 1.89 1.90 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.33 2.34 2.36 2.38 2.40 2.43 2.45 1.87 1.88 1.88 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.11 2.11 2.12 2.14 2.16 2.18 2.20 2.22 2.24 2.27 2.39 2.41 2.45
55460 63520 72710 79600 91040 102500 114400 127300 143700 35030 40810 48640 39917 47540 55230 61520 66820 76040 76240 86170 100800 111300 123300 134200 151200 178000 197200 220700 247700 278900 316900 56020 63880 64580 75780 87320 97540 111800 125000 141400 158400 183900 207900 232800 259400 287700 322200 125900 153000 209500
6344 7295 8367 9178 10530 11590 12960 14450 16300 859 1032 1276 1611 2008 2389 2692 2943 3388 3389 3868 10320 11410 12680 13850 15650 18110 20150 22450 25390 28710 32530 1210 1426 1436 2915 3434 3872 4505 4972 5670 6415 7544 8606 9768 10980 12330 13950 9308 11410 15840
Radius Of Gyration Axis Axis x-x y-y cm 19.6 19.7 19.9 19.9 20.1 20.4 20.5 20.6 20.8 20.5 20.8 21.2 2 0.9 21.3 21.7 21.9 21.9 22.1 22.0 22.1 22.9 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.8 23.9 24.1 24.2 24.6 24.7 23.2 23.5 23.4 24.2 24.6 24.8 25.0 25.3 25.4 25.6 25.7 25.9 26.1 26.3 26.4 26.6 25.7 25.9 26.3
cm 6.64 6.69 6.74 6.76 6.82 6.86 6.91 6.95 7.01 3.20 3.30 3.44 4.2 4.38 4.51 4.57 4.60 4.67 4.65 4.68 7.33 7.36 7.40 7.44 7.49 7.58 7.63 7.67 7.76 7.90 7.91 3.40 3.51 3.49 4.76 4.88 4.95 5.03 5.04 5.09 5.15 5.21 5.27 5.34 5.41 5.47 5.55 7.00 7.07 7.23
Elastic Modulus
Buckling Parameter
Plastic Modulus
Torsional Index
N
Warping Constant
M
Torsional Constant U L O C
Axis x-x 3
Axis y-y 3
Axis x-x 3
Axis y-y
u
x
3
cm
cm
cm
cm
2398 2720 3079 3347 3779 4192 4624 5083 5646 1335 1543 1819 1524 1800 2072 2292 2477 2793 2801 3139 3715 4074 4476 4842 5396 6233 6834 7547 8355 9250 10340 1871 2120 2142 2515 2874 3187 3622 4012 4495 4990 5718 6386 7069 7778 8522 9406 4111 4935 6589
453 518 591 645 736 818 910 1007 1128 104 124 153 156 192 228 256 279 320 319 362 661 728 806 876 985 1148 1268 1408 1577 1772 1990 136 160 161 256 301 338 391 435 493 554 644 730 819 913 1014 1136 611 743 1017
2669 3039 3457 3775 4284 4761 5278 5839 6525 1561 1797 2107 1753 2059 2360 2612 2828 3196 3212 3617 4147 4565 5032 5462 6116 7080 7807 8670 9656 10730 12120 2200 2480 2512 2881 3281 3639 4142 4595 5167 5757 6643 7455 8299 9173 10110 11220 4594 5547 7486
692 792 906 991 1132 1257 1400 1554 1743 166 199 243 244 300 356 399 436 500 500 569 1012 1117 1238 1348 1519 1766 1956 2175 2442 2739 3096 219 256 258 400 469 528 611 680 773 871 1019 1157 1304 1458 1625 1826 937 1144 1574
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
D
H 6
0.885 0.886 0.886 0.884 0.885 0.891 0.891 0.890 0.891 0.847 0.853 0.862 0.858 0.864 0.872 0.874 0.875 0.877 0.874 0.873 0.885 0.885 0.885 0.884 0.884 0.891 0.890 0.890 0.890 0.894 0.890 0.843 0.850 0.848 0.864 0.870 0.872 0.875 0.878 0.878 0.879 0.877 0.878 0.877 0.878 0.877 0.877 0.886 0.886 0.886
27.9 24.8 22.1 20.5 18.4 16.6 15.2 14.0 12.8 47.0 41.4 35.5 47.9 41.6 36.5 33.2 30.9 27.6 27.6 24.9 27.8 25.6 23.4 21.8 19.8 17.2 15.9 14.6 13.4 12.3 11.2 48.3 43.2 42.8 43.1 38.0 34.5 30.6 27.6 24.8 22.6 20.0 18.2 16.7 15.4 14.3 13.2 32.7 27.7 21.3
N A
J S
4
dm
cm
3.14 3.65 4.24 4.68 5.44 6.09 6.90 7.8 8.9 0.566 0.686 0.857 1.1 1.33 1.60 1.82 1.99 2.32 2.32 2.67 7.03 7.84 8.78 9.66 11.0 13.0 14.7 16.6 19.0 21.9 25.3 1.04 1.23 1.24 2.52 2.99 3.40 3.99 4.45 5.12 5.85 6.97 8.06 9.26 10.6 12.0 13.8 8.17 10.2 14.5
118 170 244 311 442 603 800 1059 1423 31.9 47.1 73.8 33.4 51.5 75.7 101 126 178 181 251 217 284 373 469 643 983 1278 1700 2263 2996 4131 49.2 68.6 71.0 77.0 111 149 216 295 411 554 819 1123 1495 1952 2517 3309 200 340 785
M A E B
49
48
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS B
Universal Beams and Columns
n
r N
t
B
D
d
T
E A
Imperial units M S
Designation Size Mass Per Metre A N D C O L U
C
b
Depth Of Section
Width Of Section
D
B
T
t
Thickness
Root Radius
Depth Between Fillets
Area Of Section
r
d
A
Flange Web
Ratios For Local Buckling Flange Web b/T d/t
Dimensions For Detailing End Clearance C
N
n
mm
mm
mm 32
Notch
M
in (mm)
lb/ft
kg/m
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
cm2
S
W24-24x12 3/4
104
154.8
611.1
323.8
19.1
12.7
12.7
547.6
198
8.50
43.1
8
166
(610x324)
117
174.1
616.2
325.1
21.6
14.0
12.7
547.6
222
7.53
39.2
9
166
34
131
194.9
621.8
326.5
24.4
15.4
12.7
547.6
249
6.70
35.6
10
166
37
146
217.3
628.4
327.7
27.7
16.5
12.7
547.6
277
5.92
33.2
10
166
40
162
241.1
635.0
329.1
31.0
17.9
12.7
547.6
308
5.31
30.6
11
166
44
176
261.9
641.1
327.4
34.0
19.1
12.7
547.6
333
4.81
28.7
12
164
47
192
285.7
646.9
328.9
37.1
20.6
12.7
547.3
363
4.44
26.6
12
164
50
207
308
653.0
330.5
39.9
22.1
12.7
547.8
392
4.14
24.8
13
164
53
229
341
661.0
333.0
43.9
24.4
16.5
540.2
435
3.79
22.1
14
164
60
250
372
669.0
335.0
48.0
26.4
16.5
540.0
475
3.49
20.5
15
164
65
279
415
679.0
338.0
53.1
29.5
16.5
539.8
530
3.18
18.3
17
164
70
306
455
689.0
340.0
57.9
32.0
16.5
540.2
579
2.94
16.9
18
164
74
335
498
699.0
343.0
63.0
35.1
13.0
547.0
635
2.72
15.6
20
164
76
370
551
711.0
347.0
69.1
38.6
13.0
546.8
702
2.51
14.2
21
164
82
84
125.2
677.9
253.0
16.2
11.7
15.2
615.1
159
7.81
52.6
8
131
31
94
140.1
683.5
253.7
19.0
12.4
15.2
615.1
178
6.68
49.6
8
131
34
102
152.4
687.5
254.5
21.0
13.2
15.2
615.1
194
6.06
46.6
9
131
36
N
W27-27x10 (686x254)
W27-27x14 (686x356)
W30-30x10 1/2 (762x267)
50
114
170.2
692.9
255.8
23.7
14.5
15.2
615.1
217
5.40
42.4
9
131
39
129
192
701.8
254.3
27.9
15.5
15.2
615.6
244
4.56
39.7
10
129
43
143
213
707.9
255.8
31.0
17.0
15.2
615.5
270
4.13
36.2
11
129
46
159
237
714.0
257.8
34.0
19.1
15.2
615.6
301
3.79
32.2
12
129
49
182
271
723.9
260.2
39.1
21.6
15.2
615.3
345
3.33
28.5
13
129
54
201
299
732.0
262.8
42.9
23.9
15.2
615.8
382
3.06
25.8
14
129
58
221
329
739.9
264.8
47.0
25.9
15.2
615.5
418
2.82
23.8
15
129
62
247
368
749.8
267.7
52.1
28.9
15.2
615.2
468
2.57
21.3
16
129
67
271
404
760.0
270.3
56.9
31.5
15.2
615.8
513
2.38
19.5
18
129
72
302
449
771.9
273.8
63.0
35.1
15.2
615.5
574
2.17
17.5
20
129
78
146
217.3
695.5
354.7
24.8
15.4
15.2
615.6
277
7.16
40.1
10
180
40
161
239.6
700.8
356.1
27.4
16.8
15.2
615.5
306
6.49
36.7
10
180
43
178
264.9
706.4
357.8
30.2
18.4
15.2
615.5
337
5.92
33.4
11
180
45
194
288.7
714.0
356.4
34.0
19.1
15.2
615.5
368
5.24
32.3
12
179
49
217
322.9
722.1
358.5
38.1
21.1
15.2
615.5
411
4.70
29.2
13
179
53
235
349.7
728.0
360.4
40.9
23.1
15.2
615.8
446
4.41
26.6
14
179
56
258
383.9
736.1
362.5
45.0
24.9
15.2
615.8
489
4.03
24.7
14
179
60
281
418.2
744.0
364.5
49.0
26.9
15.2
615.6
533
3.72
22.9
15
179
64
307
456.9
752.1
366.9
53.1
29.5
15.2
615.5
582
3.46
20.9
17
179
68
336
500
762.0
369.0
57.9
32.0
15.2
615.8
636
3.19
19.2
18
179
73
90
133.9
750.0
264.4
15.5
12.0
16.5
686.0
171
8.53
57.2
8
136
32
99
146.9
754.0
265.2
17.5
12.8
16.5
686.0
187
7.58
53.6
8
136
34
108
160.7
757.7
266.1
19.3
13.8
16.5
686.1
205
6.89
49.6
9
136
36 38
116
173
762.2
266.7
21.6
14.3
16.5
686.0
220
6.17
48.0
9
136
124
184.5
766.3
267.1
23.6
14.9
16.5
686.1
235
5.65
46.2
9
136
40
132
196.8
769.8
268.0
25.4
15.6
16.5
686.0
251
5.28
44.0
10
136
42
148
220
779.0
266.2
30.0
16.5
16.5
686.0
281
4.44
41.6
10
135
47
165
246
785.1
268.1
33.0
18.5
16.5
686.1
312
4.06
37.1
11
135
50
185
275
793.0
270.1
37.1
20.6
16.5
685.8
351
3.64
33.3
12
135
54
207
308
801.1
272.7
40.9
23.1
16.5
686.3
392
3.33
29.7
14
135
57
226
337
809.0
274.6
44.9
24.9
16.5
686.2
428
3.06
27.6
14
135
61
246
366
817.1
276.6
48.0
26.9
16.5
688.1
462
2.88
25.6
15
135
65
269
401
825.0
279.1
53.1
29.5
16.5
685.8
511
2.63
23.2
17
135
70
295
439
835.2
281.7
57.9
32.0
16.5
686.4
559
2.43
21.5
18
135
74
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
49
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS y
x
x
Imperial units
S N
y
Designation Size Mass Per Metre
Surface Area
Second
Radius
Elastic
Plastic
Moment
Of
Modulus
Modulus
per Metre
Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y
Gyration Axis Axis x-x y-y
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
Buckling Parameter
Torsional Index
Warping Constant
x
C A
J
dm6
cm4
M E
m2
cm4
cm4
cm
cm
cm3
cm3
cm3
cm3
W24-24x12 3/4
104
155
2.47
129200
10790
25.6
7.39
4227
666
4734
1023
0.880
33.6
9.46
196
(610x324)
117
174
2.48
147200
12380
25.8
7.47
4776
7 62
5360
1170
0.882
30.0
10.9
280
131 146
195 217
2.50 2.51
167300 190800
14160 16260
25.9 26.2
7.55 7.66
5383 6074
867 993
6057 6845
1335 1527
0.883 0.886
26.8 23.9
12.6 14.7
395 559
162
241
2.53
215400
18440
26.4
7.74
6784
1121
7670
1726
0.888
21.6
16.8
770
176
262
2.53
236600
19950
26.6
7.73
7380
1218
8369
1878
0.890
19.9
18.4
995
192
286
2.55
260400
22030
26.8
7.79
8050
1340
9163
2068
0.890
18.4
20.5
1280
207
308
2.56
283900
24050
26.9
7.84
8695
1455
9936
2250
0.890
17.2
22.6
1593
229 250
341 372
2.58 2.60
319000 353900
27090 30170
27.1 27.3
7.90 7.97
9652 10580
1627 1801
11090 12220
2523 2797
0.890 0.890
15.7 14.5
25.8 29.1
2162 2809
279
415
2.62
400500
34310
27.5
8.04
11800
2030
13720
3162
0.889
13.2
33.6
3824
306
455
2.65
445200
38100
27.7
8.11
12920
2241
15120
3498
0.889
12.2
37.9
4940
335
498
2.68
494700
42580
27.9
8.19
14150
2483
16670
3885
0.889
11.3
42.9
6420
370
551
2.71
557510
48400
28.2
8.30
15682
2790
18599
4377
0.889
10.4
49.6
8525
84 94
125 140
2.32 2.33
118000 136300
4383 5184
27.2 27.6
5.24 5.39
3481 3987
347 409
3994 4558
542 638
0.862 0.868
43.9 38.7
4.80 5.72
116 169
102
152
2.34
150400
5784
27.8
5.46
4374
455
5000
710
0.871
35.5
6.42
220
114
170
2.35
170300
6631
28.0
5.53
4916
518
5631
811
0.872
31.8
7.42
308
129
192
2.36
198000
7670
28.5
5.61
5644
603
6462
943
0.878
27.7
8.71
462
143
213
2.38
222000
8678
28.7
5.67
6272
678
7204
1063
0.878
25.2
9.94
627
159
237
2.39
247800
9750
28.7
5.69
6940
756
8016
1191
0.877
23.0
11.3
840
182 201
271 299
2.42 2.44
289300 323800
11540 13060
29.0 29.1
5.78 5.85
7993 8847
887 994
9282 10330
1402 1577
0.878 0.877
20.3 18.6
13.5 15.5
1260 1675
221
329
2.46
359400
14640
29.3
5.92
9715
1106
11390
1 759
0.877
17.2
17.6
2186
247
368
2.49
406900
16800
29.5
5.99
10850
1255
12810
2005
0.877
15.6
20.4
2993
271
404
2.51
453800
18910
29.7
6.07
11940
1399
14170
2243
0.877
14.4
23.4
3897
302
449
2.54
515400
21790
30.0
6.16
13350
1592
15950
2565
0.876
13.2
27.4
5322
146 161
217 240
2.75 2.77
234200 261200
18440 20670
29.1 29.2
8.16 8.22
6735 7455
1040 1161
7558 8389
1598 1787
0.884 0.885
29.7 27.0
20.7 23.4
454 610
178
265
2.78
290800
23120
29.4
8.28
8233
1292
9297
1992
0.885
24.6
26.4
813
194
289
2.79
325500
25720
29.8
8.36
9118
1444
10300
2223
0.889
22.3
29.7
1100
217
323
2.81
369200
29310
30.0
8.44
10230
1635
11610
2523
0.890
20.1
34.3
1532
235
350
2.83
402300
31970
30.0
8.47
11050
1774
12600
2745
0.888
18.8
37.7
1914
258 281
384 418
2.85 2.87
447800 494700
35780 39680
30.3 30.5
8.56 8.63
12170 13300
1974 2177
13930 15290
3057 3377
0.889 0.890
17.2 15.9
42.7 47.9
2518 3250
307
457
2.89
545000
43850
30.6
8.68
14990
2390
16750
3717
0.889
14.8
53.6
4152 5373
336
500
2.91
604800
48670
30.8
8.75
15870
2638
18450
4111
0.889
13.7
60.3
W30-30x10 1/2
90
134
2.51
150700
4788
29.7
5.30
4018
362
4644
570
0.854
49.8
6.46
119
(762x267)
99
147
2.51
168500
5456
30.0
5.40
4470
411
5156
647
0.858
45.2
7.40
159
108 116
161 173
2.52 2.53
185900 205300
6080 6850
30.1 30.5
5.45 5.58
4907 5387
457 514
5665 6198
720 807
0.859 0.864
41.5 38.1
8.29 9.39
208 267
124
185
2.54
223100
7525
30.8
5.65
5821
563
6689
885
0.867
35.4
10.4
333
132
197
2.55
240000
8175
30.9
5.71
6234
610
7167
959
0.869
33.2
11.3
404
148
220
2.56
278200
9463
31.5
5.81
7142
711
8197
1115
0.875
28.9
13.3
605
165
246
2.58
310700
10640
31.5
5.84
7914
794
9129
1251
0.874
26.4
15.0
815
185 207
275 308
2.60 2.62
353200 397200
12240 13900
31.7 31.8
5.91 5.96
8909 9916
906 1020
10320 11550
1433 1620
0.874 0.873
23.7 21.6
17.5 20.1
1147 1555
226
337
2.64
440500
15600
32.1
6.04
10890
1136
12720
1808
0.874
19.9
22.8
2029
246
366
2.66
480200
17050
32.2
6.08
11750
1233
13790
1971
0.873
18.7
25.2
2500
269
401
2.68
536500
19400
32.4
6.16
13010
1390
15330
2229
0.874
17.0
28.9
3361
295
439
2.70
595900
21780
32.7
6.24
14270
1546
16900
2486
0.874
15.8
32.9
4345
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
O
H
k g/m
(686x356)
L
N
u
lb/ft
W27-27x14
U
D
in (mm)
W27-27x10 (686x254)
M
Torsional Constant
S A B
51
50
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS B
Universal Beams and Columns
n
r N
t
B
D
d
T
E A
Imperial units M S A
Designation Size Mass C
Per Metre
N D O L U M N S
Depth Of
Width Of
Thickness
Section
Section
Flange Web
D
B
T
t
Root Radius
r
Depth Between
Area Of
Fillets
Section
d
A
Ratios For Local Buckling Flange Web b/T d/t
2
Dimensions For Detailing End Clearance C
N
n
Notch
in (mm) W30-30x15
lb/ft 173
kg/m 257.5
mm 773.2
mm 380.6
mm 27.1
mm 16.6
mm 16.5
mm 686.1
cm
328
7.04
41.2
mm 10
mm 192
mm 44
(762x381)
191 211
284.2 314
779.3 785.9
382.0 383.7
30.1 33.4
18.0 19.7
16.5 16.5
686.1 686.1
362 400
6.35 5.74
38.1 34.9
11 12
192 192
47 50
235 261
349.7 388.4
795.0 802.9
382.4 384.9
38.1 41.9
21.1 23.6
16.5 16.5
685.8 686.1
445 495
5.02 4.59
32.5 29.0
13 14
191 191
55 58
292 326
434.5 485.1
813.1 823.0
387.5 390.4
47.0 52.1
25.9 29.0
16.5 16.5
686.1 685.9
553 617
4.12 3.75
26.5 23.7
15 16
191 191
63 69
357
531
833.0
393.0
56.9
31.5
20.0
679.2
677
3.45
21.6
18
191
77
W33-33x11 1/2
118
175.9
834.9
291.7
18.8
14.0
17.8
761.7
224
7.76
54.4
9
149
37
(838x292)
130
193.8
840.7
292.4
21.7
14.7
17.8
761.7
247
6.74
51.8
9
149
40
141
209.8
845.8
293.0
24.4
15.4
17.8
761.4
268
6.01
49.5
10
149
42
152
226.5
850.9
293.8
26.8
16.1
17.8
761.7
289
5.48
47.3
10
149
45
169
252
859.0
292.1
31.0
17.0
17.8
761.4
319
4.71
44.8
11
148
49
187 204
278 304
865.1 871.2
294.1 295.7
34.0 37.1
19.1 20.6
17.8 17.8
761.5 761.4
355 386
4.33 3.99
39.9 37.0
12 12
148 148
52 55
219 243
326 362
877.1 885.2
297.2 299.7
39.9 43.9
22.1 24.4
17.8 17.8
761.7 761.8
416 460
3.72 3.41
34.5 31.2
13 14
148 148
58 62
271 301 332
404 449 494
895.1 905.0 915.2
302.1 305.2 308.1
49.0 54.1 58.9
26.9 30.0 33.0
17.8 17.8 17.8
761.5 761.2 761.8
513 572 629
3.08 2.82 2.62
28.3 25.4 23.1
15 17 19
148 148 148
67 72 77
361 201
537 299.1
925.1 855.5
310.6 399.9
64.0 29.2
35.6 18.2
17.8 17.8
761.5 761.5
684 381
2.43 6.85
21.4 41.9
20 11
148 201
82 47
221 241
328.9 358.6
861.8 868.2
401.4 402.8
32.4 35.6
19.7 21.1
17.8 17.8
761.4 761.5
420 457
6.20 5.66
38.7 36.1
12 13
201 201
50 53
263
391.4
877.1
401.4
39.9
22.1
17.8
761.7
499
5.03
34.5
13
200
58
291
433.1
884.9
404.0
43.9
24.4
17.8
761.4
552
4.60
31.2
14
200
62
318
473.2
893.1
406.0
48.0
26.4
17.8
761.5
603
4.23
28.8
15
200
66
354
526.8
903.0
408.9
53.1
29.5
17.8
761.2
672
3.85
25.8
17
200
71
387
575.9
913.1
411.5
57.9
32.0
17.8
761.7
734
3.55
23.8
18
200
76
424
631
923.0
414.0
63.0
35.1
20.0
757.0
805
3.29
21.6
20
199
83
W33-33x15 3/4 (838x400)
W36-36x12 (914x305)
52
C
b
468
697
935.0
418.0
69.1
38.6
20.0
756.8
889
3.02
19.6
21
200
89
135
200.9
903.0
303.3
20.2
15.1
19.1
824.4
256
7.51
54.6
10
154
39
150 160
224.2 238.1
910.4 914.7
304.1 304.8
23.9 25.9
15.9 16.5
19.1 19.0
824.4 824.9
286 304
6.36 5.88
51.8 50.0
10 10
154 154
43 45
170 182
253.4 270.8
918.4 922.8
305.5 306.7
27.9 30.0
17.3 18.4
19.1 19.0
824.4 824.9
323 346
5.47 5.12
47.7 44.8
11 11
154 154
47 49
194 210
289.1 312.5
926.6 931.9
307.7 309.4
32.0 34.5
19.5 21.1
19.1 19.0
824.4 824.8
368 399
4.81 4.48
42.3 39.1
12 13
154 154
51 54
232 256
345 381
942.9 950.7
307.8 310.3
39.9 43.9
22.1 24.4
19.1 19.1
824.9 824.7
440 486
3.86 3.53
37.3 33.8
13 14
153 153
59 63
286 318
426 474
960.9 970.8
312.8 315.7
48.0 54.1
26.9 29.9
19.1 19.1
826.7 824.4
536 603
3.26 2.92
30.7 27.6
15 17
153 153
67 73
350 387
521 576
980.7 992.9
318.8 321.8
58.9 65.0
33.0 36.1
19.1 19.1
824.7 824.7
663 733
2.71 2.48
25.0 22.8
19 20
153 153
78 84
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
51
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS y
x
x
Imperial units Designation Size Mass Per Metre in (mm) W30-30x15 (762x381)
lb/ft 173 191 211 235 261 292 326 357 W33-33x11 1/2 118 (838x292) 130 141 152 169 187 204 219 243 271 301 332 361 W33-33x15 3/4 201 (838x400) 221 241 263 291 318 354 387 424 468 W36-36x12 135 (914x305) 150 160 170 182 194 210 232 256 286 318 350 387
S N
y
k g/m 258 284 314 350 388 435 485 531 176 194 210 227 252 278 304 326 362 404 449 494 537 299 329 359 391 433 473 527 576 631 697 201 224 238 253 271 289 313 345 381 426 474 521 576
Surface Area per Metre
Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y
Radius Of Gyration Axis Axis x-x y-y
m2
cm4
cm4
3.01 3.02 3.04 3.05 3.07 3.10 3.12 3.14 2.78 2.79 2.80 2.81 2.82 2.84 2.85 2.87 2.89 2.91 2.94 2.97 2.99 3.24 3.26 3.27 3.29 3.31 3.33 3.35 3.38 3.40 3.43 2.96 2.97 2.98 2.99 3.00 3.01 3.03 3.04 3.06 3.09 3.11 3.14 3.17
341200 381700 427000 485900 543700 618300 697600 776600 246000 279200 310200 339700 386500 430400 473000 513500 573400 648200 729200 810000 892800 479800 534700 590000 659000 735400 812500 913500 1012000 1120000 1253000 325300 376400 406100 436300 470700 504200 549000 625200 696900 777000 884100 981300 110100
24890 28000 31500 35570 39920 45680 51790 57770 7800 9067 10250 11360 12920 14470 16050 17540 19800 22660 25820 28960 32280 31180 34970 38800 43070 48390 53680 60680 67480 74810 84520 9424 11240 12270 13300 14460 15600 17130 19480 21980 24640 28580 32080 36460
cm 32.3 32.5 32.7 33.0 33.1 33.4 33.6 33.9 33.1 33.6 34.0 34.3 34.8 34.8 35.0 35.1 35.3 35.5 35.7 35.9 36.1 35.5 35.7 35.9 36.3 36.5 36.7 36.9 37.1 37.3 3 7.6 35.7 36.3 36.6 36.8 36.9 37.0 37.1 37.7 37.9 38.1 38.3 38.5 38.8
cm 8.71 8.80 8.87 8.94 8.98 9.09 9.16 9.24 5.90 6.06 6.18 6.27 6.36 6.38 6.45 6.49 6.56 6.64 6.72 6.79 6.87 9.05 9.13 9.21 9.29 9.36 9.43 9.50 9.59 9.64 9.75 6.07 6.27 6.36 6.42 6.47 6.51 6.55 6.66 6.72 6.78 6.89 6.95 7.05
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
cm3
cm3
cm3
cm3
8827 9796 10870 12220 13540 15210 16950 18650 5893 6642 7334 7985 8999 9950 10860 11710 12960 14480 16120 17700 19300 11220 12410 13590 15030 16620 18200 20330 22170 24260 26810 7204 8269 8879 9501 10200 10880 11780 13260 14660 16170 18210 20010 22180
1308 1466 1642 1860 2074 2358 2653 2940 535 620 7 00 7 73 884 984 1086 1180 1321 1500 1692 1880 2078 1559 1742 1927 2146 2396 2644 2968 3280 3614 4044 621 739 805 871 943 1014 1107 1266 1416 1575 1810 2013 2266
9916 11030 12270 13830 15410 17380 19500 21550 6808 7640 8416 9155 10310 11450 12530 13550 15060 16910 18920 20890 22880 12640 14020 15380 17020 18910 20780 23230 25570 28140 31270 8351 9535 10230 10940 11770 12570 13650 15340 17030 18870 21350 23590 26260
2012 2258 2531 2869 3208 3653 4123 4579 842 974 1097 1212 1383 1547 1710 1864 2095 2385 2704 3018 3346 2 405 2690 2977 3314 3709 4101 4 616 5113 5 652 6342 982 1163 1266 1371 1487 1 601 1754 2000 2247 2510 2895 3235 3654
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Buckling Parameter
Torsional Index
Warping Constant
M
Torsional Constant U L O C D N
u 0.883 0.885 0.886 0.889 0.888 0.889 0.888 0.888 0.856 0.862 0.867 0.870 0.875 0.874 0.874 0.874 0.874 0.875 0.874 0.873 0.873 0.881 0.882 0.884 0.888 0.887 0.888 0.887 0.887 0.886 0.886 0.854 0.861 0.864 0.866 0.866 0.867 0.866 0.872 0.872 0.871 0.872 0.871 0.871
x 30.3 27.5 25.0 22.2 20.3 18.3 16.7 15.3 46.5 41.6 37.9 35.0 30.9 28.3 26.1 24.4 22.3 20.2 18.4 17.0 15.8 31.2 28.4 26.1 23.6 21.6 19.9 18.1 16.7 15.5 14.2 46.8 41.3 38.6 36.2 33.9 31.9 29.7 26.4 24.1 22.2 19.9 18.4 16.8
H
J
A
dm6
cm4
M
34.6 39.3 44.6 50.9 57.8 67.0 77.0 87.0 13.0 15.2 17.3 19.3 22.1 25.0 27.9 30.7 35.0 40.5 46.7 53.1 59.8 53.2 60.1 67.3 75.5 85.6 95.8 110 123 138 158 18.4 22.1 24.2 26.4 28.8 31.2 34.5 39.7 45.2 51.3 60.0 68.1 78.5
635 859 1161 1651 2218 3090 4224 5563 221 306 404 514 735 983 1265 1569 2095 2884 3910 5088 6494 855 1146 1491 2008 2687 3488 4737 6135 7983 10569 291 422 515 626 767 926 1164 1648 2199 2891 4091 5337 7127
S A E B
53
52
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS B
Universal Beams and Columns
n
r N
t
B
D
d
T
E A
Imperial units M S
Designation Size Mass Per Metre A N D C O L U M N
in (mm) W36-36x16 1/2 (914x419) S
W40-40x12 (1016x305)
W40-40x16 (1016x406)
W44-4x16 (1118x406)
54
C
b
Depth
Width
Thickness
Of Section
Of Section
Flange Web
D
B
T
t
Root
Depth
Area
Radius
Between Fillets
Of Section
d
A
r
Ratios For Local Buckling Flange Web b/T d/t
2
Dimensions For Detailing End Clearance C
N
n
Notch
lb/ft 230 245
kg/m 343.3 364.6
mm 911.8 916.4
mm 418.5 419.4
mm 32.0 34.3
mm 19.4 20.3
mm 24.1 24.1
mm 799.6 799.6
cm
437 465
6.54 6.12
41.2 39.4
mm 12 12
mm 210 210
mm 56 58
260 280
388 416.7
921.0 927.6
420.5 421.5
36.6 39.9
21.4 22.5
24.1 24.1
799.6 799.6
494 532
5.74 5.28
37.4 35.6
13 13
210 210
61 64
300 328
446.4 488.1
933.2 942.1
423.0 422.4
42.7 47.0
24.0 25.9
24.1 24.1
799.7 799.9
569 622
4.96 4.49
33.3 30.9
14 15
210 208
67 71
359
534.2
950.0
424.9
51.1
28.5
24.1
799.7
680
4.16
28.1
16
208
75
393 439 527
584.8 653 784
960.1 972.0 996.0
427.5 431.0 437.0
55.9 62.0 73.9
31.0 34.5 40.9
24.1 24.0 24.0
800.1 800.0 800.2
746 832 998
3.83 3.48 2.96
25.8 23.2 19.6
17 19 22
208 208 208
80 86 98
650 149
967 222
1028.0 970.3
446.0 300.0
89.9 21.1
50.0 16.0
24.0 30.0
800.2 868.1
1232 283
2.48 7.11
16.0 54.3
27 10
208 152
114 51
167
249
980.2
300.0
26.0
16.5
30.0
868.2
317
5.77
52.6
10
152
56
183
272
990.1
300.0
31.0
16.5
30.0
868.1
347
4.84
52.6
10
152
61
211
314
1000.0
300.0
35.9
19.1
30.0
868.2
400
4.18
45.5
12
150
66
235
349
1008.1
302.0
40.0
21.1
30.0
868.1
445
3.78
41.1
13
150
70
264 278
393 415
1016.0 1020.0
303.0 304
43.9 46.0
24.4 26.0
30.0 30
868.2 868.0
500 529
3.45 3.30
35.6 33.4
14 15
149 149
74 76
294
438
1025.9
305.4
49.0
26.9
30.0
867.9
557
3.12
32.3
15
149
79
327
487
1036.1
308.5
54.1
30.0
30.0
867.9
620
2.85
28.9
17
149
84
331
494
1036.0
309.0
54.0
31.0
30
868.0
629
2.86
28.0
18
149
84
359 392
535 584
1046.0 1056.0
311.4 314.0
58.9 64.0
33.0 36.0
30.0 30
868.2 868.0
681 744
2.64 2.45
26.3 24.1
19 20
149 149
89 94
199 215
296 321
982 990
400 400
27.1 31.0
16.5 16.5
30 30
868.0 868.0
377 409
12.12 12.12
32.0 28.0
10 10
202 202
57 61
249
371
1000
400
36.1
19.0
30
868.0
472
10.53
2 4.0
12
201
66
277
412
1008
402
40.0
21.1
30
868.0
524
9.53
21.7
13
200
70
297 324
443 483
1012 1020
402 404
41.9 46.0
23.6 25.4
30 30
868.2 868.0
564 615
8.52 7.95
20.7 18.9
14 15
199 199
72 76
362 397 431
539 591 642
1030 1040 1048
407 409 412
51.1 55.9 60.0
28.4 31.0 34.0
30 30 30
867.8 868.2 868.0
687 753 818
7.17 6.60 6.06
17.0 15.5 14.5
16 18 19
199 199 199
81 86 90
503 593
748 883
1068 1092
417 424
70.0 82.0
39.0 45.5
30 30
868.0 868.0
953 1125
5.35 4.66
12.4 10.6
22 25
199 199
100 112
230 262 290 335
343 390 433 499
1090 1100 1108 1118
400 400 402 405
31.0 36.0 40.0 45.0
18.0 20.0 22.0 26.0
20 20 20 20
988.0 988.0 988.0 988.0
437 497 551 635
11.11 10.00 9.14 7.79
31.9 2 7.4 24.7 22.0
11 12 13 15
201 200 200 200
51 56 60 65
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
53
UNIVERSAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS y
x
Imperial units
x
S N
y
Designation Size Mass Per Metre
Surface
Second
Radius
Elastic
Plastic
Buckling
Torsional
Warping
Torsional
Area
Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y
Of Gyration Axis Axis x-x y-y
Modulus
Modulus
Parameter
Index
Constant
Constant
cm 9.46
per Metre
Axis y-y
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
cm3
cm3
cm3
cm3
13730
1871
15480
2 890
0.883
u
x
H
J
dm6
cm4
30.1
75.8
1193
k g/m 343
m2
cm4
cm4
3.42
625800
39160
cm 37.8
245 260 280
365 388 417
3.43 3.44 3.45
671700 719600 785700
42240 45440 49870
38.0 38.2 38.4
9.53 9.59 9.68
14660 15630 16940
2014 2161 2366
16550 17670 19170
3111 3 341 3 658
0.884 0.885 0.887
28.3 26.7 24.8
82.2 88.9 98.3
1442 1734 2188
300 328
446 488
3.47 3.48
846900 936400
53940 59170
38.6 38.8
9.73 9.76
18150 19880
2550 2801
20600 22640
3948 4344
0.887 0.887
23.3 21.4
107 119
2671 3500
359 393
534 585
3.50 3.53
1031000 1144000
65450 73000
3 8.9 3 9.2
9.81 9.89
21700 23840
3081 3415
24820 27390
4790 5320
0.886 0.887
19.8 18.2
132 149
4508 5890
W40-40x12
439 527 650 149
653 784 967 222
3.56 3.62 3.70 3.06
1292000 1593000 2033000 408000
83050 103300 133900 9553
39.4 40.0 40.6 38.0
9.99 10.2 10.4 5.81
26590 31980 39540 8409
3854 4728 6003 6 37
30730 37340 46810 9807
6014 7439 9504 1020
0.887 0.887 0.886 0.850
16.5 14.0 11.8 45.7
171 218 292 21.5
8124 13730 24930 390
(1016x305)
167
249
3.08
481300
11760
39.0
6.09
9821
784
11350
1245
0.861
39.9
26.8
582
183 211
272 314
3.10 3.11
554000 644200
14010 16240
40.0 40.1
6.36 6.37
11190 12880
934 1083
12830 14850
1470 1 713
0.873 0.872
35.0 30.7
32.2 37.7
835 1264
235 264 278
349 393 415
3.13 3.14 3.15
723100 807700 853100
18470 20500 21710
40.3 40.2 40.2
6.44 6.40 6.41
14350 15900 16728
1223 1353 1428
16590 18540 19571
1 941 2 168 2 298
0.872 0.868 0.868
27.9 25.5 24.2
43.3 48.4 51.1
1718 2330 2713
294 327 331
438 487 494
3.17 3.19 3.19
909900 1021000 1028000
23450 26730 26820
40.4 40.6 40.4
6.49 6.57 6.53
17740 19720 19845
1536 1733 1736
20760 23200 23413
2 469 2800 2818
0.868 0.867 0.867
23.1 21.1 20.8
56.0 64.4 64.0
3185 4299 4433
359 392
535 584
3.22 3.24
1131000 1246100
29970 33430
40.8 40.9
6.63 6.70
21620 23600
1925 2130
25570 28039
3126 3475
0.866 0.869
19.5 17.9
73.0 81.2
5576 7230
199 215
296 321
3.48 3.50
618700 696400
28850 33120
4 0.5 41.3
8.75 9.00
12600 14070
1443 1656
14220 15800
2235 2 555
0.878 0.887
38.0 34.3
65.9 76.0
762.6 1021
249 277 297
371 412 443
3.51 3.53 3.53
812100 909800 966510
38480 43410 45500
41.5 41.7 41.4
9.03 9.10 8.98
16240 18050 19101
1924 2160 2264
18330 20440 21777
2 976 3348 3529
0.887 0.887 0.882
29.9 27.1 25.8
89.4 101.5 106.7
1575 2134 2545
324 362
483 539
3.55 3.58
1067480 1202540
50710 57630
41.7 41.8
9.08 9.16
20931 23350
2510 2832
23923 26824
3919 4436
0.884 0.883
23.7 21.5
119.9 137.6
3311 4546
397 431
591 642
3.60 3.62
1331040 1450590
64010 70280
42.1 42.1
9.22 9.27
25597 27683
3130 3412
29530 32097
4916 5379
0.883 0.882
19.8 18.5
154.3 170.7
5927 7440
503 593 230
748 883 343
3.67 3.74 3.71
1731940 2096420 867400
85110 104970 33120
42.6 43.2 44.6
9.45 9.66 8.71
32433 38396 15920
4082 4952 1656
37881 45265 18060
6459 7874 2 568
0.882 0.883 0.876
16.1 14.0 38.9
210.7 265.7 92.7
11670 18750 1037
(1118x406) 2 62 290 335
390 433 499
3.73 3.75 3.77
1005000 1126000 1294000
38480 43410 49980
4 5.0 45.2 45.1
8.80 8.87 8.87
18280 20320 23150
1924 2160 2468
20780 23160 26600
2988 3362 3870
0.878 0.879 0.876
33.9 30.7 27.3
108.7 123.5 143.4
1564 2130 3135
W40-40x16 (1016x406)
W44-4x16
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
U L O C D
Axis x-x
lb/ft 230
in (mm) W36-36x16 1/2 (914x419)
M
N A S M A E B
55
B E A M S A N D C O L U M N S
56
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
CELLULAR BEAMS
Cellular Beams
S
Section Size hxb
Unit Weight M
FLOOR BEAMS
N M
ROOF BEAMS U L
H
D
S
Ixx
Zexx
Zplxx
Anet
H
D
S
Ixx
Zexx
Zplxx
Anet
lb/ft 15 20 25
kg/m 22.32 29.76 37.20
mm 217.4 222.6 226.8
mm 150 150 150
mm 225 225 225
cm4 2541 3543 4456
cm3 233.8 318.4 393.1
cm3 245.5 337.3 420.2
cm2 23.8 32.2 39.8
mm 239.5 244.7 248.9
mm 180 180 180
mm 225 225 225
cm4 3080 4291 5389
cm3 257.1 350.7 433.0
cm3 267.9 368.6 458.9
cm2 23.4 31.7 39.2
17 20
25.1 30.0
289.8 293.4
200 200
300 300
4732 5852
326.5 398.9
343.1 421.0
25.0 30.5
309.3 312.9
225 225
300 300
5384 6656
348.2 425.5
364.0 446.8
24.7 30.1
W8-8x8 (203x203)
31 35 40 48 58
46.13 52.09 59.53 71.43 86.31
269.3 272.3 275.7 281.9 288.3
200 200 200 200 200
350 350 350 350 350
7906 9098 10564 13116 16161
587.1 616.7 668.1 705.4 766.2 814.1 930.4 997.9 1120.9 1215.4
48.2 54.8 62.9 76.1 91.7
322.0 325.0 328.4 334.6 341.0
245 245 245 245 245
305 305 305 305 305
11571 13283 15394 19013 23342
7 18.7 750.4 817.5 857.1 937.6 988.5 1136.6 1207.8 1369.1 1468.8
4.87 5.54 6.36 7.69 9.37
W10-10x53/4 (254x146)
21 25 29
31.1 37.0 43.0
359.7 364.3 367.9
250 250 250
375 375 375
8971 11254 13275
498.8 617.9 721.8
523.2 650.1 763.0
30.7 37.7 44.1
383.7 388.3 391.9
275 275 275
350 350 350
10262 12859 15160
534.9 662.3 7 73.7
559.3 694.7 815.0
30.6 37.7 44
W10-10x10 (254x254)
49 60 72 89 112
72.92 89.29 107. 00 132. 00 166. 67
362.4 368.6 375. 0 384. 6 397. 4
250 250 250 250 250
375 375 375 375 375
23472 29231 35671 45888 59801
1295.5 1586.2 1902. 7 2365. 8 3009. 9
1364.1 1683.7 2037.4 2562.5 3309.3
79.5 97.3 116. 9 145. 1 184. 3
399.3 405.5 411. 9 421. 5 434. 3
300 300 300 300 300
375 375 375 375 375
28548 35502 43247 55032 72131
1429.8 1750.9 2 099. 7 2 611. 0 3 321. 4
1494.7 1844.0 2229. 0 2801. 5 3613. 4
78.4 96 1 15. 2 1 43. 1 1 81. 8
W12-12x4 (305x102)
16.5 19 22
24.8 28.2 32.8
435.0 438.6 442.6
300 300 300
450 450 450
8816 10657 12932
405.3 485.9 584.3
430.9 515.9 621.5
21.2 25.2 30.1
463.2 466.8 470.8
325 325 325
400 400 400
10124 12214 14801
437.1 523.3 628.7
463.9 554.6 667.4
21.4 25.4 30.3
W12-12x6 1/2 (305x165)
27 31 36
40.3 46.1 54.0
433.3 436.5 440.3
300 300 300
450 450 450
17237 20061 23670
795.6 832.8 919.2 965.2 1075.2 1134.4
40.4 46.7 54.7
461.5 464.7 468.5
325 325 325
400 400 400
19718 22934 27047
854.5 893.0 987.0 1034.6 1154.6 1215.6
W12-12x12 (305x305)
65 79 92 106
96.73 117. 56 137.00 157. 74
437.8 4 44. 4 450.4 457. 0
300 300 300 300
450 450 450 450
45298 56163 66358 78001
2069.3 2527. 6 2946.6 3413. 6
2173.2 2674.1 3137.4 3659.8
104.6 1 27. 8 149.0 172. 5
486.0 492. 6 498.6 505. 2
370 370 370 370
470 470 470 470
55687 68954 81380 95538
2291.6 2799. 5 3 264.3 3 782. 1
2386.7 2935. 2 3442.5 4013. 8
1 02.5 125. 2 146 1 69. 1
W14-14x6 3/4 (356x171)
30 34 38 45
45.0 51.0 57.0 67.1
503.0 506.6 509.6 515.0
350 350 350 350
525 525 525 525
24287 28501 32342 39223
965.8 1125.3 1269.4 1523.4
1 013.5 1182.3 1337.0 1610.9
42.5 49.3 55.6 66.5
532.1 535.7 538.7 554.1
375 375 375 375
475 475 475 475
27436 32162 36478 44196
1031.2 1200.7 1354.3 1624.5
1081.0 1260.0 1424.4 1715.0
42.8 49.6 55.9 66.9
W16-16x5 1/2 (406x140)
26 31
38.69 46.13
571.2 576.4
400 400
600 600
24957 31451
8/73.8 921.2 1 091.3 1149.9
34.2 42.3
604.5 609.7
425 425
525 525
28367 35662
938.5 989.7 1169.8 1232.6
34.8 42.9
W16-16x7 (406x178)
36 40 45 50
53.57 59.53 66.97 74.41
575.8 579.6 582.6 586.0
400 400 400 400
600 600 600 600
37713 43565 49074 55063
1 309.9 1 503.3 1684.6 1879.3
1377.0 1580.9 1776.3 1986.0
50.6 57.7 64.7 72.1
609.1 612.9 615.9 619.3
425 425 425 425
525 525 525 525
42739 49297 55511 62247
1403.3 1608.6 1802.5 2010.1
1475.1 1691.1 1899.8 2123.1
51.2 58.4 65.4 72.9
W18-18x7 1/2
45 50 55 60 66
67.1 74.3 82.0 89.3 98.3
648.3 651.9 654.9 658.3 662.1
450 450 450 450 450
675 675 675 675 675
59376 67373 74891 82871 92309
1831.9 2067.1 2287.3 2517.9 2788.6
1926.9 2176.9 2414.4 2662.5 2956.3
62.9 70.8 78.3 86.1 95.3
682.5 686.1 689.1 692.5 696.3
475 475 475 475 475
600 600 600 600 600
66618 75522 83924 92809 103329
1952.1 2201.4 2435.7 2680.3 2967.8
2053.6 2318.2 2570.6 2833.4 3144.9
63.7 71.6 79.2 87.1 96.3
55 62 68 73 82
82.2 92.1 101 109 122
759.1 763.9 767.5 770.3 775.3
525 525 525 525 525
775 775 775 775 775
96581 112366 125204 135978 154662
2544.5 2682.9 2941.8 3103.0 3262.5 3446.4 3530.4 3736.0 3989.3 4232.8
75.1 86.3 95.5 103.4 116.7
796.1 800.9 804.5 807.3 812.3
550 550 550 550 550
675 675 675 675 675
107646 125070 139274 151220 171888
2704.3 2853.7 3123.2 3296.2 3462.4 3658.9 3746.3 3965.7 4232.1 4490.7
76.2 87.5 96.8 104.7 118.2
in (mm) W6-6x6 (152x152)
O C D N A S M A E B
W8-8x51/4 (203x133)
(457x191)
W21-21x8 1/4 (533x210)
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
40.6 46.9 54.9
57
CASTELLATED BEAMS
Castellated Beams
y
B
Dc
t
dc
B E
T
A M
Section Size S A N D
Castellated Beam
Unit Weight M
Dc x B C O L U M N S
Section Width
1.08Ds
Thickness Web F lange
Depth Between Fillet dc
x
x
y
Root Radius
Dc
B
t
T
in(mm) 6x4 ( 153x 102)
lb/ft 13
kg/m 19.35
mm 156.7
mm 103.1
mm 7.11
mm 8.76
mm 126.38
mm 6.4
mm 110
W5-5x5 (1 27x1 27)
71/2 x 5 ( 191x 127)
18 19
23.81 28.28
190.8 194.3
127.0 127.8
6.10 6.86
9.14 10.92
157.32 157.26
7.6
137 137
W6-6x4 (1 52x1 02)
9x4 ( 228x 102)
9 12 16
13.39 17.86 23.81
225.9 229.2 235.5
100.1 101.6 102.4
4.32 5.84 6.60
5.46 7.11 10.29
202.18 202.18 202.12
6.4
164 164 164
W6-6x6 ( 152x1 52)
9x6 ( 228x 152)
15 20 25
22.32 29.76 37.20
228.1 233.5 238.1
152.1 152.9 154.4
5.84 6.60 8.13
6.60 9.27 11.56
202.10 202.16 202.18
6.4
164 164 164
W8-8x4 ( 203x1 02)
12x4 ( 305x 102)
10 13 15
14.88 19.35 22.32
301.9 304.4 307.5
100.1 101.6 102.0
4.32 5.84 6.22
5.21 6.48 8.00
276.28 276.24 276.30
7.6
219 219 219
r
Pitch of standard castellated 1.08D s
in (mm) W4-4x4 (1 02x1 02)
W8-8x51/4 ( 203x1 33)
12x51/4 ( 305x 133)
18 21
26.79 31.25
308.3 311.8
133.4 133.9
5.84 6.35
8.38 10.16
276.34 276.28
7.6
219 219
W8-8x61/2 ( 203x1 65)
12x61/2 ( 305x 165)
24 28
35.72 41.67
302.9 306.2
165.0 166.0
6.22 7.24
10.16 11.81
262.18 262.18
10.2
219 219
W8-8x8 ( 203x2 03)
12x8 ( 305x 203)
31 35 40 48 58 67
46.13 52.09 59.53 71.43 86.31 99.71
304.7 307.7 311.1 317.4 323.7 330.1
203.1 203.7 205.0 206.0 208.8 210.3
7.24 7.87 9.14 10.16 12.95 14.48
11.05 12.57 14.22 17.40 20.57 23.75
262.20 262.16 262.26 262.20 262.16 262.20
10.2
219 219 219 219 219 219
W10-10x4 ( 254x1 02)
15x4 ( 381x 102)
12 15 17 19
17.86 22.32 25.30 28.28
377.7 380.7 383.8 387.1
100.6 101.6 101.9 102.1
4.83 5.84 6.10 6.35
5.33 6.86 8.38 10.03
351.84 351.78 351.84 351.84
7.6
274 274 274 274
22 26 30
32.74 38.69 44.64
385.3 389.4 392.9
146.0 146.6 147.6
6.10 6.60 7.62
9.14 11.18 12.95
351.82 351.84 351.80
7.6
274 274 274
W10-10x5 3/4 ( 254x1 46)
15x53/4 ( 381x 146)
W10-10x8 ( 254x2 03)
15x8 ( 381x 203)
33 39 45
49.11 58.04 66.97
374.1 379.0 383.5
202.2 202.8 203.7
7.37 8.00 8.89
11.05 13.46 15.75
326.60 326.68 326.60
12.7
274 274 274
W10-10x10 ( 254x 254)
15x10 ( 381x 254)
49 54 60 68 77 88 100 112
72.92 80.36 89.29 101.19 114.58 130.95 148.81 166.67
380.5 383.3 386.6 3 91.2 3 96.2 4 02.3 4 08.9 4 15.5
254.0 254.8 256.0 257.3 258.8 260.7 262.6 264.5
8.64 9.40 10.67 11.94 13.46 15.37 17.27 19.18
14.22 15.62 17.27 19.56 22.10 25.15 28.45 31.75
326.66 326.66 326.66 326.68 326.60 326.60 326.60 326.60
12.7
274 274 274 274 274 274 274 274
W12-12x4 ( 305x 102)
18x4 ( 458x 102)
14 16 19 22
20.83 23.81 28.28 32.74
455.0 457.0 461.4 465.2
100.0 101.3 101.7 102.4
5.08 5.59 5.97 6.60
5.72 6.73 8.89 10.80
428.36 428.34 428.42 428.40
7.6
329 329 329 329
18x61/2 ( 458 x165)
26 30 35
38.69 44.64 52.09
462.9 465.9 470.0
164.8 165.6 166.6
5.84 6.60 7.62
9.65 11.18 13.21
428.40 428.34 428.38
7.6
329 329 329
W12-12x6 1/2 ( 305x 165)
58
Section Depth
60 0
Ds
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
CASTELLATED BEAMS
Castellated Beams
y
B
Dc
t
dc
T
Section Size
Castellated Beam
Section Depth
Section Width
in (mm) W12-12x8 ( 305x 203)
in(mm) 18x8 (4 58x2 03)
Thickness Web F lange
M
Dc
B
t
T
Depth Between Fillet dc
x
x
1.08Ds
Unit Weight
Dc x B
60 0
Ds
Root Radius r
lb/ft 40 45 50
kg/m 59.53 66.97 74.41
mm 455.8 458.8 462.1
mm 203.3 204.3 205.2
mm 7.49 8.51 9.40
mm 13.08 14.60 16.26
mm 399.24 399.20 399.18
mm 15.2
53 58
78.87 86.31
458.8 462.1
253.9 254.3
8.76 9.14
14.60 16.26
399.20 399.18
15.2
329 329
W12-12x12 ( 305x 305 )
18x12 (4 58x3 05)
65 72 79 87 96 106 120 136 152 170 190
96.73 107.14 117.56 129.46 142.86 157.74 178.57 202.38 226.19 253.98 282.74
460.3 463.7 467.0 470.8 475.3 479.9 485.7 493.1 500.7 508.9 517.8
304.8 305.8 306.8 308.0 308.9 310.4 312.9 315.0 317.0 319.3 321.8
9.91 10.92 11.94 13.08 13.97 15.49 18.03 20.07 22.10 24.38 26.92
15.37 17.02 18.67 20.57 22.86 25.15 28.07 31.75 35.56 39.62 44.07
399.16 399.26 399.26 399.26 399.18 399.20 399.16 399.20 399.18 399.26 399.26
15.2
W12*-12x12 ( 305x 305 )
18x12 (4 58x3 05)
210 230 252 279 305 336
312.50 342.26 375.00 415.18 453.87 500.00
526.1 534.8 543.9 555.1 567.0 579.7
324.9 327.5 330.3 333.8 336.2 340.0
29.97 32.64 35.43 38.86 41.28 45.08
48.26 52.58 57.15 62.74 68.71 75.06
399.18 399.24 399.20 399.22 399.18 399.18
15.2
329 329 329 329 329 329 329 329 329 329 329 329 329 329 329 329 329 329
W14-14x5 ( 356x 127 )
21x5 (5 34x1 27)
22 26
32.74 38.69
527.0 531.3
127.0 127.6
5.84 6.48
8.51 10.67
489.58 489.56
10.2
385 385
21x63/4 (5 34x1 71)
30 34 38
44.64 50.60 56.55
529.5 533.1 536.1
170.9 171.3 172.0
6.86 7.24 7.87
9.78 11.56 13.08
489.54 489.58 489.54
10.2
385 385 385
W14x8 ( 356x 203 )
21x8 (5 34x2 03)
43 48 53
63.99 71.43 78.87
525.0 528.3 531.6
203.1 204.0 204.7
7.75 8.64 9.40
13.46 15.11 16.76
467.68 467.68 467.68
15.2
385 385 385
W14-14x10 ( 356x 254 )
21x10 (5 34x2 54)
61 68 74 82
90.78 101.19 110.12 122.02
530.8 534.6 537.9 541.5
253.9 254.9 255.8 257.3
9.52 10.54 11.43 12.95
16.38 18.29 18.94 21.72
467.64 467.62 467.62 467.66
15.2
385 385 385 385
21x141/2 (5 34x3 68)
90 99 109 120 132
133.93 147.32 162.20 178.57 196.43
534.1 537.7 541.7 545.8 550.4
368.8 370.0 371.0 372.6 374.0
11.18 12.32 13.34 14.99 16.38
18.03 19.81 21.84 23.88 26.16
467.64 467.68 467.62 467.64 467.68
15.2
385 385 385 385 385
W14-14x14 1/2 ( 356x 368 )
M U L O C D N A
mm 329 329 329
18x10 (4 58x2 54)
N
Pitch of standard castellated 1.08Ds
W12-12x10 ( 305x 254 )
W14-14x6 3/4 ( 356x 171 )
S
y
S M A E B
Note : * Not included in regular rolling schedule
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
59
CASTELLATED BEAMS
Castellated Beams
y
B
Dc
t
dc
B E
T
A M
Section Size S A N D
Castellated Beam
Unit Weight M
Dc x B C O U M N S
1.08Ds
Thickness Web F lange
Depth Between Fillet dc
y
Root Radius
Dc
B
t
T
kg/m 38.69 46.13
mm 601.5 606.4
mm 139.7 140.3
mm 6.35 6.98
mm 8.76 11.18
mm 563.58 563.64
mm 10.2
mm 438 438
24x7 (609 x178 )
36 40 45 50 57
53.57 59.53 66.97 74.41 84.83
605.8 609.7 612.7 616.0 620.3
177.4 177.7 178.7 179.6 180.8
7.49 7.75 8.76 9.65 10.92
10.92 12.83 14.35 16.00 18.16
563.56 563.64 563.64 563.60 563.58
10.2
438 438 438 438 438
24x10 1/4 (609 x260 )
67 77 89 100
99.71 114.58 132.44 148.81
617.8 622.6 628.4 634.0
260.0 261.5 263.3 264.8
10.03 11.56 13.33 14.86
16.89 19.30 22.22 25.02
563.62 563.60 563.56 563.56
10.2
438 438 438 438
27x6 (686 x152 )
35 40 46
52.09 59.53 68.46
678.1 683.2 687.2
152.4 152.8 153.9
7.62 8.00 9.14
10.80 13.34 15.37
636.10 636.12 636.06
10.2
494 494 494
27x71/2 (686 x191 )
50 55 60 65 71
74.41 81.85 89.29 96.73 105.65
685.4 688.5 691.8 694.6 697.6
190.4 191.3 191.9 192.8 193.9
9.02 9.91 10.54 11.43 12.57
14.48 16.00 17.65 19.05 20.57
636.04 636.10 636.10 636.10 636.06
10.2
494 494 494 494 494
W18-18x11 ( 457x 279)
27x11 (686 x279 )
76 86 97 106 119
113.10 127.98 144.35 157.74 177.08
691.0 695.6 700.7 704.2 710.3
280.3 281.7 283.1 284.5 286.1
10.80 12.19 13.59 14.99 16.64
17.27 19.56 22.10 23.88 26.92
636.06 636.08 636.10 636.04 636.06
10.2
494 494 494 494 494
W21-21x6 1/2 ( 533x 165)
311/2x61/2 (800 x165 )
44 50 57
65.48 74.41 84.83
791.3 795.6 801.4
165.1 165.9 166.5
8.89 9.65 10.29
11.43 13.58 16.51
743.04 743.02 742.98
12.7
576 576 576
W21-21x8 1/4 ( 533x 210)
311/2x81/4 (800 x210 )
62 68 73 83 93
92.26 101.19 108.63 123.51 138.39
799.6 803.2 806.0 810.8 815.6
209.3 210.1 210.7 212.2 213.9
10.16 10.92 11.56 13.08 14.73
15.62 17.40 18.80 21.21 23.62
742.96 743.00 743.00 742.98 742.96
12.7
576 576 576 576 576
W21-21x12 1/4 ( 533x 312)
311/2x121/4 (800 x312 )
101 111 122 132 147
150.30 165.18 181.55 196.43 218.75
809.0 812.9 817.2 821.0 826.8
312.2 313.4 314.7 316.0 317.8
12.70 13.97 15.24 16.51 18.29
20.32 22.22 24.38 26.29 29.21
742.96 743.06 743.04 743.02 742.98
12.7
576 576 576 576 576
W24-24x7 ( 610x 178)
36x7 (915 x178 )
55 62
81.85 92.27
903.7 908.0
177.9 178.8
10.03 10.92
12.83 14.99
852.64 852.62
12.7
659 659
W24-24x9 ( 610x 229)
36x9 (915 x229 )
68 76 84 94
101.19 113.10 125.00 139.88
907.7 912.6 917.1 922.5
227.7 228.3 229.1 230.3
10.54 11.18 11.94 13.08
14.86 17.27 19.56 22.22
852.58 852.66 852.58 852.66
12.7
659 659 659 659
104 117 131 146 162
1 54.76 174.11 194.44 217.27 241.07
916.1 921.1 926.8 933.4 940.0
323.8 325.1 326.5 327.7 329.1
12.70 13.97 15.37 16.51 17.91
19.05 21.59 24.38 27.69 30.99
852.60 852.62 852.64 852.62 852.62
12.7
659 659 659 659 659
84 94 102 114
125.00 139.88 151.78 169.64
1021.4 1026.8 1031.1 1036.4
253.0 253.7 254.4 255.8
11.68 12.45 13.08 14.48
16.26 18.92 21.08 23.62
958.48 958.56 958.54 958.56
15.2
741 741 741 741
W16-16x10 1/4 ( 406x 260)
W18-18x6 ( 457x 152)
W18-18x7 1/2 ( 457x 191)
W24-24x12 3/4 ( 610x 324)
W27-27x10 (686x254)
36x12 3/4 (915 x324 )
401/2x10 (1029x254)
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
r
Pitch of standard castellated 1.08D s
lb/ft 26 31
W16-16x7 ( 406x 178)
60
Section Width
x
x
in(mm) 24x51/2 (609 x140 )
in (mm) W16-16x5 1/2 ( 406x 140) L
Section Depth
60 0
Ds
CASTELLATED BEAMS
Castellated Beams
y
B
Dc
t
dc
T
Section Size
Castellated Beam
Dc x B in (mm) W27*-27x14 (686x356)
1.08Ds
Unit Weight
Section Depth
Section Width
Thickness Web F lange
M
Dc
B
t
T
Depth Between Fillet dc
x
x
Root Radius r
M
mm 741 741 741
A
mm 1038.5 1043.8 1049.4
mm 354.7 356.1 357.8
mm 15.37 16.76 18.42
mm 24.76 27.43 30.23
mm 958.58 958.54 958.54
mm 15.2
45x101/2 (1143x267)
99 108 116 124 132
147.32 160.71 172.62 184.52 196.43
1134.4 1138.7 1143.3 1147.3 1150.9
265.4 266.1 266.6 267.1 267.8
13.21 13.84 14.35 14.86 15.62
17.02 19.30 21.59 23.62 25.40
1067.06 1067.10 1067.12 1067.06 1067.10
16.5
823 823 823 823 823
W30*-30x15 (762x381)
45x15 (1143x381)
173 191 211
257.44 284.23 313.99
1154.2 1160.2 1166.9
380.6 382.0 383.7
16.64 18.03 19.68
27.05 30.10 33.40
1067.10 1067.00 1067.10
16.5
823 823 823
W33-33x11 1/2 (838x292)
491/2x111/2 (1257x292)
118 130 141 152
175.60 193.45 209.82 226.19
1253.6 1259.5 1264.8 1269.6
291.6 292.4 293.0 293.8
13.97 14.73 15.37 16.13
18.80 21.72 24.38 26.80
1180.40 1180.46 1180.44 1180.40
17.8
905 905 905 905
W33*-33x15 1/4 (838x400)
491/2x153/4 (1257x400)
201 221 241
299.11 328.87 358.63
1274.5 1280.8 1287.2
399.9 401.4 402.8
18.16 19.68 21.08
29.21 32.38 35.56
1180.48 1180.44 1180.48
17.8
905 905 905
W36-36x12 (914x305)
54x12 (1371x305)
135 150 160 170 182 194 210
200.89 223.21 238.10 253.98 270.83 288.69 312.50
1360.0 1367.6 1371.7 1375.7 1379.8 1383.8 1388.9
303.5 304.2 304.8 305.6 306.7 307.7 309.4
15.24 15.88 16.51 17.27 18.42 19.43 21.08
20.07 23.88 25.91 27.94 29.97 32.00 34.54
1281.86 1281.84 1281.88 1281.82 1281.86 1281.80 1281.82
19.0
987 987 987 987 987 987 987
54x161/2 (1371x419)
230 245 260 280 300
342.26 364.58 386.90 416.67 446.43
1368.9 1373.4 1378.0 1384.6 1390.2
418.3 419.4 420.4 421.5 423.0
19.30 20.32 21.34 22.48 24.00
32.00 34.29 36.58 39.88 42.67
1256.70 1256.62 1256.64 1256.64 1256.66
24.1
987 987 987 987 987
W36*-36x161/2 (914x419)
N
Pitch of standard castellated 1.08Ds
kg/m 217.26 239.58 264.88
S
y
lb/ft 146 161 178
W30-30x10 1/2 (762x267)
in(mm) 401/2x14 (1029x366)
600
Ds
U L O C D N S M A E B
Note : * Not included in regular rolling schedule
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
61
B E A M S A N D C O L U M N S
62
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
STRUCTURAL TEES
60
Structural Tees S N M U L
General O C D N A
The section sizes for structural tees are given in the tables on the following pages. Structural tees are usually cut from universal beams and columns, but can also be rolled.
Cut from Heavy Column Sections. (H/HE)
Cut from Wide Flange Sections. Web height and flange width approximately equal. (H/HE)
S M A E B
Cut from Narrow Flange Sections. (I/IPE)
Cut from Medium Flange Sections. (I/IPE)
Figure 5 – Structural Tees: Section shapes
The standard specifications used for production of structural tees in this region are listed in this table. Material AS 3679.1 (199 6)
Yield strength 2 N/mm 12mm 12-40
Tensile strength Min. Elongation Min. Charpy VDimensions 2 notch. Temp. 20 C & Tolerances N/mm L0=5.65 S0
40mm
Grade 250
260
250
230
min. 410
22 %
27J
Grade 300 Grade 350
300 360
300 340
300 330
min. 430 min. 480
22 % 20 %
27J 27J
ASTM A36 (2001)
min. 250
400-550
20-21 %
-
ASTM A572 (2001) Grade 42 Grade 50 Grade 60
min. 290 min. 345 min. 415
min. 415 min. 450 min. 520
20+24 % 18-21 % 16-18 %
-
min. 450
min. 550
15-17 %
-
Grade 50
min. 345
min. 450
18-21 %
-
Grade 65
min. 450
min. 550
15-17 %
-
BS 4360 (1986) (superseded) Grade 43A min. 275
430-580
22 %
-
490-640
20 %
27J
Grade 65 ASTM A913 (2001)
Grade 50B EN 10025 (2004)
min. 355 16mm 16-40
40mm
3-100mm
275 355
265 345
255 335
410-560 490-630
17-22 % 17-22 %
27J 27J
S420N S460N
420 460
400 440
390 430
500-660 530-720
19 % 17 %
27J 27J
40mm
t<100mm
SS400 SS490 SS540 JIS 3106 (1995)
16mm 16-40 245 285
235 275
400 390 16mm 16-40
ASTM A6 (1997)
BS 4 Part 1 (1993) (superseded)
10
S275JR S355JR
JIS 3101 (1995)
AS 3679.1 (1996)
215 255
400-5 10 490-6 10
17-24 % 15-21 %
-
40mm
min 540 t<100mm
13-17 %
-
EN 10034 (1993)
JIS 3192 (1994)
SM400A, B
245
235
215
400-510
18-24 %
-
SM490A, B
325
315
295
490-610
17-23 %
-
SM490YA, YB SM520B
365 365
355 355
335 335
490-610 520-640
15-21 % 15-21 %
-
Table 11 – Structural Tees: Standard specifications
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
63
STRUCTURAL TEES
Structural Tees
T
B
d
Cx
y x
r
x
t
B E
Metric units A M
Designation Serial Mass Size Per Metre S A N D C O L
Cut from Serial Mass Size Per Metre
U M N
mm 50x100 62.5x125 75x75 75x100 75x150 87.5x90 87.5x175 100x100 S
100x150 100x200
125x125
125x175 125x250
150x150 150x200
150x300
175x175
175x250
175x350
200x200
64
y
b
kg/m 8.5 11.8 7.0 10.3 15.6 9.0 20.2 9.1 10.5 10.7 15.0 15.3 24.9 28.1 32.8 12.8 14.5 14.8 21.8 22.1 32.2 33.2 35.9 36.2 41.1 16.0 18.4 27.9 28.4 32.7 42.3 43.5 46.5 47.0 52.9 52.9 20.7 24.7 24.8 34.6 39.1 39.8 53.1 57.3 65.4 67.5 68.2 77.9 79.3 28.3 32.7 33.0
kg/m
100x100 125x125 150x75 150x100 150x150 175x90 175x175 200x100 200x100 200x100 200x150 200x150 200x200 200x200 200x200 250x125 250x125 250x125 250x175 250x175 250x250 250x250 250x250 250x250 250x250 300x150 300x150 300x200 300x200 300x200 300x300 300x300 300x300 300x300 300x300 300x300 350x175 350x175 350x175 350x250 350x250 350x250 350x350 350x350 350x350 350x350 350x350 350x350 350x350 400x200 400x200 400x200
17.2 23.6 14.0 20.7 31.1 18.0 40.4 18.2 20.9 21.3 29.9 30.6 49.9 57.8 65.7 25.7 29.0 29.6 43.6 44.1 64.4 66.5 71.8 72.4 82.2 32.0 36.7 55.8 56.8 65.4 84.6 87.0 93.0 94.0 106 106 41.4 49.4 49.6 69.2 78.1 79.7 106.2 113 130.8 135 137 159 181 56.1 65.4 66.0
Width Of Section
Depth Of Section
Thickness Web Flange
Root Radius
B
d
t
T
r
mm 100 125 75 100 150 90 175 99 100 100 150 150 200 204 202 124 125 125 175 175 252 249 250 250 255 149 150 200 200 201 302 299 300 300 305 301 174 175 175 249 250 250 351 348 354 350 350 357 352 199 200 200
mm 50 62.5 75 74 75 87.5 87.5 99 100 100 97 97 100 100 104 124 125 125 122 122 122 124 125 125 125 149 150 147 147 149 147 149 150 150 150 152 173 175 175 168 170 170 169 172 172 175 175 175 178 198 200 200
mm 6 6.5 5 6 7 5 7.5 4.5 5.5 5.5 6 6 8 12 10 5 6 6 7 7 11 8 9 9 14 5.5 6.5 8 8 9 12 9 10 10 15 11 6 7 7 8 9 9 13 10 16 12 12 19 14 7 8 8
mm 8 9 7 9 10 8 11 7 8 8 9 9 12 12 16 8 9 9 11 11 11 13 14 14 14 8 9 12 12 14 12 14 15 15 15 17 9 11 11 12 14 14 13 16 16 19 19 19 22 11 13 13
mm 8 8 8 8 8 8 13 11 8 11 8 13 13 13 13 12 8 12 13 16 16 16 13 16 16 13 13 13 18 18 18 18 13 18 18 18 14 13 14 20 13 20 20 20 20 13 20 20 20 16 13 16
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Ratio For Local Buckling
Dimension
Cx d/t 8.33 9.62 15.0 12.3 10.7 17.5 11.7 22.0 18.2 18.2 16.2 16.2 12.5 8.3 10.4 24.8 20.8 20.8 17.4 17.4 11.1 15.5 13.9 13.9 8.93 27.1 23.1 18.4 18.4 16.6 12.3 16.6 15.0 15.0 10.0 13.8 28.8 25.0 25.0 21.0 18.9 18.9 13.0 17.2 10.8 14.6 14.6 9.2 12.7 28.3 25.0 25.0
b/T 6.25 6.94 5.36 5.56 7.50 5.63 7.95 7.07 6.25 6.25 8.33 8.33 8.33 8.50 6.31 7.75 6.94 6.94 7.95 7.95 11.5 9.58 8.93 8.93 9.11 9.31 8.33 8.33 8.33 7.18 12.6 10.7 10.0 10.0 10.2 8.85 9.67 7.95 7.95 10.4 8.93 8.93 13.5 10.9 11.1 9.21 9.21 9.39 8.00 9.05 7.69 7.69
cm 1.00 1.19 1.79 1.56 1.37 1.93 1.55 2.15 2.31 2.29 1.80 1.79 1.73 2.09 1.91 2.63 2.81 2.78 2.28 2.27 2.39 1.98 2.08 2.08 2.58 3.26 3.41 2.85 2.83 2.91 2.84 2.36 2.47 2.47 3.03 2.55 3.71 3.76 3.75 3.02 3.11 3.09 3.21 2.67 3.40 2.87 2.86 3.59 3.05 4.17 4.26 4.23
STRUCTURAL TEES y x
x
y
Metric units Designation Serial Mass Size Per Metre mm kg/m 50x100 8.5 62.5x125 11.8 75x75 7.0 75x100 10.3 75x150 15.6 87.5x90 9.0 87.5x175 20.2 100x100 9.1 10.5 10.7 100x150 15.0 15.3 100x200 24.9 28.1 32.8 125x125 12.8 14.5 14.8 125x175 21.8 22.1 125x250 32.2 33.2 35.9 36.2 41.1 150x150 16.0 18.4 150x200 27.9 28.4 32.7 150x300 42.3 43.5 46.5 47.0 52.9 52.9 175x175 20.7 24.7 24.8 175x250 34.6 39.1 39.8 175x350 53.1 57.3 65.4 67.5 68.2 77.9 79.3 200x200 28.3 32.7 33.0
Cx
S N
Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y 4
4
cm
cm
16.2 35.1 42.4 51.7 66.4 70.4 115 93.3 114 114 124 125 185 256 251 207 247 247 288 289 445 365 412 413 589 391 461 570 571 662 857 716 798 799 1108 904 675 811 811 881 1015 1017 1423 1232 1802 1519 1521 2203 1826 1188 1390 1391
66.8 147 24.7 75.2 282 48.7 492 56.8 66.9 66.9 253 254 801 851 1100 127 147 147 492 492 1469 1674 1824 1824 1938 221 254 801 801 949 2758 3120 3377 3377 3552 3866 396 492 492 1546 1824 1825 4690 5622 5923 6791 6793 7216 8002 723 868 868
Radius Of Gyration Axis Axis x-x y-y cm 1.22 1.53 2.18 1.98 1.83 2.48 2.11 2.84 2.92 2.90 2.55 2.53 2.41 2.68 2.45 3.56 3.65 3.62 3.22 3.21 3.29 2.93 3.00 2.99 3.36 4.38 4.44 4.01 3.97 3.99 3.99 3.59 3.67 3.65 4.05 3.66 5.06 5.08 5.07 4.47 4.52 4.48 4.59 4.11 4.65 4.20 4.18 4.71 4.25 5.74 5.77 5.75
cm 2.49 3.13 1.66 2.39 3.77 2.06 4.37 2.21 2.24 2.22 3.65 3.61 5.02 4.88 5.13 2.79 2.82 2.79 4.21 4.18 5.98 6.29 6.32 6.29 6.09 3.29 3.29 4.75 4.71 4.77 7.16 7.51 7.55 7.51 7.26 7.57 3.88 3.96 3.95 5.92 6.05 6.00 8.33 8.78 8.43 8.89 8.84 8.53 8.90 4.48 4.56 4.54
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Buckling Parameter
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
3
3
3
3
cm
4.04 6.92 7.44 8.84 10.8 10.3 16.0 12.0 14.8 14.8 15.7 15.8 22.3 32.4 29.6 21.2 25.5 25.4 29.1 29.1 45.3 35.0 39.6 39.6 59.4 33.5 39.7 48.1 48.1 55.2 72.3 57.1 63.7 63.8 92.5 71.5 49.6 59.0 59.0 63.9 73.1 73.1 104 84.8 131 104 104 158 124 76.0 88.3 88.2
cm
cm
cm
13.4 23.5 6.59 15.0 37.5 10.8 56.2 11.5 13.4 13.4 33.8 33.8 80.1 83.4 109 20.5 23.5 23.5 56.2 56.2 117 134 146 146 152 29.7 33.8 80.1 80.1 94.5 183 209 225 225 233 257 45.5 56.2 56.2 124 146 146 267 323 335 388 388 404 455 72.7 86.8 86.8
7.86 13.3 13.4 16.2 20.6 18.5 30.4 21.5 26.3 26.5 28.3 28.6 42.3 59.2 58.4 37.5 45.2 45.3 52.3 52.6 81.3 65.7 74.3 74.6 108 59.5 70.7 85.6 86.1 99.6 129 105 117 118 167 134 87.6 104 104 114 130 131 185 156 234 194 195 287 236 134 156 156
20.5 35.9 10.4 23.2 57.2 16.8 85.8 17.9 20.8 21.0 51.5 51.8 122 129 166 31.8 36.3 36.6 86.0 86.4 179 204 222 222 234 45.9 52.6 123 123 145 280 317 341 342 358 390 70.1 86.7 86.8 190 222 223 409 490 513 588 589 622 691 112 133 134
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Torsional Index
Torsional Constant
M
Sectional Area U L O C D N
u
x
J cm
0.520 0.463 0.493 0.514 0.511 0.487 0.508 0.505 0.515 0.528 0.504 0.495 0.494 0.491 0.486 0.485
5.58 6.41 10.2 7.90 7.08 10.9 7.27 13.3 12.5 11.8 10.6 9.91 7.78 7.19 6.09 15.0 14.2 13.5 10.7 10.3 9.54 8.96 8.56 8.38 7.73 17.8 16.0 12.0 11.4 10.1 10.6 10.0 9.70 9.41 8.72 8.46 18.8 16.1 15.9 12.9 12.1 11.4 11.3 10.2 9.41 9.02 8.77 8.07 7.70 17.8 15.9 15.5
A S
A 4
2.35 3.93 1.40 3.27 6.22 2.15 10.5 1.92 2.53 2.87 4.65 5.44 14.9 19.6 33.3 3.36 4.24 4.83 10.6 11.6 19.6 23.3 27.9 29.3 39.1 4.32 6.16 15.7 17.9 26.6 30.5 35.6 40.9 44.0 57.7 62.1 6.81 11.2 11.5 22.3 28.9 33.1 44.8 60.4 81.1 92.6 99.3 134 152 13.5 19.8 21.0
M
2
A
cm
E B
10.8 15.0 8.92 13.2 19.8 11.4 25.7 11.6 13.3 13.6 19.1 19.5 31.8 35.8 41.8 16.3 18.5 18.8 27.7 28.1 41.0 42.3 45.7 46.1 52.3 20.4 23.4 35.5 36.2 41.7 53.8 55.4 59.2 59.9 67.4 67.4 26.3 31.5 31.6 44.1 49.8 50.8 67.6 73.0 83.3 85.9 86.9 99.2 101 36.1 41.7 42.1
65
STRUCTURAL TEES
Structural Tees
T
B
d
Cx
y x
r
x
t
B E
Metric units A M
Designation Serial Mass Size Per Metre S A N D C O L
Cut from Serial Mass Size Per Metre
U M N S
mm 200x300
200x400
225x200
225x300
250x200
250x300
300x200
300x300
350x300
400x300
450x300
66
y
b
kg/m 47.1 52.3 53.4 70.0 73.3 84.1 85.8 98.4 116.0 142.0 207.0 302.0 33.1 37.5 38.0 53.0 60.4 61.8 39.7 44.1 44.8 51.5 57.1 62.5 64.2 47.3 51.7 52.8 59.8 67.0 68.5 73.5 75.6 87.3 83.0 90.9 92.4 95.6 103.0 105.0 105.0 120.0 141.0 152.0
kg/m
400x300 400x300 400x300 400x400 400x400 400x400 400x400 400x400 400x400 400x400 400x400 400x400 450x200 450x200 450x200 450x300 450x300 450x300 500x200 500x200 500x200 500x200 500x300 500x300 500x300 600x200 600x200 600x200 600x200 600x200 600x300 600x300 600x300 600x300 700x300 700x300 700x300 800x300 800x300 800x300 900x300 900x300 900x300 900x300
94.3 105 107 140 147 171.6 172 200 232 283 415 605 66.2 74.9 76.0 106 121 124 77.9 88.2 89.6 102 114 125 128 92.5 103 106 120 134 137 147 151 175 166 182 185 191 207 210 210 240 283 304
Width Of Section
Depth Of Section
Thickness Web Flange
B
d
t
T
r
mm 299 300 300 402 398 405 400 408 405 407 417 432 199 200 200 299 300 300 199 200 200 201 300 300 300 199 200 200 201 202 300 300 300 302 300 300 300 300 300 300 299 300 302 303
mm 193 195 195 194 197 197 200 200 207 214 229 249 223 225 225 217 220 220 248 250 250 253 241 244 244 298 300 300 303 306 291 294 294 297 346 350 350 396 400 400 445 450 456 459
mm 9 10 10 15 11 18 13 21 18 20 30 45 8 9 9 10 11 11 9 10 10 11 11 11 11 10 11 11 12 13 12 12 12 14 13 13 13 14 14 14 15 16 18 19
mm 14 16 16 15 18 18 21 21 28 35 50 70 12 14 14 15 18 18 14 16 16 19 15 18 18 15 17 17 20 23 17 20 20 23 20 24 24 22 26 26 23 28 34 37
mm 22 13 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 18 13 18 24 13 24 20 13 20 20 26 13 26 22 13 22 22 22 28 13 28 28 28 18 28 28 18 28 18 18 18 18
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Root Radius
Ratio For Local Buckling
Dimension
Cx d/t 21.4 19.5 19.5 12.9 17.9 10.9 15.4 9.5 11.5 10.7 7.6 5.5 27.9 25.0 25.0 21.7 20.0 20.0 27.6 25.0 25.0 23.0 21.9 22.2 22.2 29.8 27.3 27.3 25.3 23.5 24.3 24.5 24.5 21.2 26.6 26.9 26.9 28.3 28.6 28.6 29.7 28.1 25.3 24.2
b/T 10.7 9.38 9.38 13.4 11.1 11.3 9.52 9.71 7.23 5.81 4.17 3.09 8.29 7.14 7.14 9.97 8.33 8.33 7.11 6.25 6.25 5.29 10.0 8.33 8.33 6.63 5.88 5.88 5.03 4.39 8.82 7.50 7.50 6.57 7.50 6.25 6.25 6.82 5.77 5.77 6.50 5.36 4.44 4.09
cm 3.33 3.43 3.41 3.70 3.01 3.89 3.21 4.07 3.68 3.90 4.85 6.13 5.10 5.19 5.15 4.04 4.09 4.05 5.90 6.03 5.96 5.95 4.92 4.72 4.66 7.79 7.95 7.84 7.79 7.79 6.39 6.17 6.08 6.33 7.99 7.63 7.55 9.66 9.27 9.18 11.7 11.4 11.3 11.4
STRUCTURAL TEES y x
x
y
Metric units
200x400
225x200
225x300
250x200
250x300
300x200
300x300
350x300
400x300
450x300
S N
Designation Serial Mass Size Per Metre mm 200x300
Cx
kg/m 47.1 52.3 53.4 70.0 73.3 84.1 85.8 98.4 116.0 142.0 207.0 302.0 33.1 37.5 38.0 53.0 60.4 61.8 39.7 44.1 44.8 51.5 57.1 62.5 64.2 47.3 51.7 52.8 59.8 67.0 68.5 73.5 75.6 87.3 83.0 90.9 92.4 95.6 103.0 105.0 105.0 120.0 141.0 152.0
Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y cm
4
1524 1728 1732 2480 2047 3052 2478 3652 3626 4380 7470 13250 1861 2142 2144 2341 2676 2681 2814 3187 3190 3650 3401 3607 3615 5127 5743 5749 6512 7288 6315 6668 6679 7892 11220 11960 11970 17590 18680 18690 25750 29030 34070 36650
4
cm
3122 3602 3604 8129 9461 9977 11210 11900 15510 19680 30260 47180 790 935 936 3346 4053 4055 922 1069 1070 1290 3381 4053 4056 989 1137 1139 1360 1588 3834 4505 4509 5291 4511 5408 5411 4964 5860 5864 5137 6316 7827 8604
Radius Of Gyration Axis Axis x-x y-y cm 5.04 5.09 5.05 5.27 4.68 5.34 4.76 5.40 4.95 4.93 5.32 5.87 6.65 6.70 6.66 5.89 5.90 5.84 7.45 7.54 7.47 7.46 6.84 6.73 6.65 9.23 9.34 9.25 9.24 9.24 8.51 8.44 8.33 8.43 10.3 10.2 10.1 12.0 11.9 11.8 13.9 13.8 13.8 13.8
cm 7.21 7.35 7.28 9.54 10.1 9.65 10.1 9.8 10.2 10.4 10.7 11.1 4.33 4.43 4.40 7.04 7.26 7.18 4.27 4.36 4.33 4.43 6.82 7.14 7.04 4.05 4.16 4.12 4.22 4.31 6.63 6.94 6.84 6.90 6.53 6.83 6.78 6.39 6.67 6.62 6.20 6.43 6.59 6.67
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Buckling Parameter
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
3
3
3
3
cm
cm
cm
95.5 108 108 158 123 193 148 229 213 250 414 706 108 124 124 133 149 149 149 168 168 189 177 183 183 233 261 259 289 319 278 287 286 338 422 437 436 588 608 607 785 863 994 1061
209 240 240 404 475 493 560 584 766 967 1451 2184 79.4 93.5 93.6 224 270 270 92.7 107 107 128 225 270 270 99.4 114 114 135 157 256 300 301 350 301 361 361 331 391 391 344 421 518 568
170 192 193 280 226 346 276 414 410 504 863 1501 193 219 220 235 265 267 266 299 300 337 314 323 325 424 470 470 522 574 494 505 508 601 751 771 774 1053 1076 1078 1415 1541 1773 1892
Torsional Index
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
M
Sectional Area U L O C D N A
u
x
cm
318 365 367 619 720 755 850 897 1166 1470 2218 3362 123 145 145 343 412 414 145 166 167 201 348 412 415 158 179 181 214 249 396 461 464 542 468 555 558 518 605 608 539 659 811 889
Torsional Constant
J cm
0.565 0.563 0.559 0.598 0.599 0.594 0.582 0.167 0.660 0.662 0.656 0.644 0.636 0.501 0.465 0.460 0.466 0.572 0.540 0.536 0.617 0.591 0.588 0.662 0.639 0.627 0.623
12.9 12.3 11.6 11.3 10.5 9.62 9.11 8.38 7.04 5.83 4.27 3.21 18.2 16.8 16.1 13.5 12.5 11.7 17.6 16.7 15.8 13.8 14.7 14.0 13.0 19.9 19.2 18.0 15.9 14.2 16.1 15.6 14.4 12.8 17.2 15.7 15.0 18.4 17.0 16.3 21.1 17.9 15.1 14.0
S
A 4
39.9 49.7 56.7 77.7 96.8 131 151 205 356 657 1934 5488 19.1 25.7 28.4 51.9 70.5 81.6 30.3 37.9 42.8 65.7 58.8 71.5 85.8 41.1 48.5 56.3 83.2 118 86.2 99.3 120 178 130 171 191 170 220 243 180 289 488 616
cm
M A
2
E B
60.0 66.6 68.0 89.2 93.4 107 109 125 148 180 264 385 42.1 47.7 48.4 67.5 76.9 78.7 50.6 56.1 57.1 65.6 72.8 79.6 81.8 60.2 65.9 67.2 76.2 85.3 87.2 93.6 96.2 111 106 116 118 122 132 134 133 153 180 194
67
STRUCTURAL TEES
Structural Tees
T
B
d
Cx
y x
r
x
t
B E A S
Designation Serial Mass Size Per Metre Bxd A N D C O L U M N S
68
y
b
Imperial units M
mm
kg/m
102x76
6.70 8.93 11.91 11.00 12.60 14.20 12.40 14.10 16.40 18.50 21.00 24.00 16.50 19.50 12.50 15.00 19.50 23.00 15.60 18.50 21.50 11.50 15.00 18.50 26.20 29.90 33.60 34.23 37.10 41.00 17.86 20.83 19.35 20.10 22.32 23.10 26.04 27.00 32.74 37.20 42.41 22.50 25.50 28.50 33.50 27.10 30.00 33.60 37.10 42.41
102x127
102x152
127x152
127x178
133x102
140x203
146x127
152x76
152x229
165x102
165x152
165x267
171x178
178x203
Cut from Serial Mass Size Per Metre
152x102 152x102 152x102 254x102 254x102 254x102 305x102 305x102 305x102 305x127 305x127 305x127 356x127 356x127 203x133 203x133 406x140 406x140 254x146 254x146 254x146 152x152 152x152 152x152 457x152 457x152 457x152 457x152 457x152 457x152 203x165 203x165 305x165 305x165 305x165 305x165 305x165 305x165 533x165 533x165 533x165 356x171 356x171 356x171 356x171 406x178 406x178 406x178 406x178 406x178
Width Of Section
Depth Of Section
B
d
Thickness Web Flange
t
Root Radius
T
r
Ratios For Local Buckling
Dimension
Cx
kg/m
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
d/t
b/T
cm
13.4 17.9 23.8 22.0 25.0 28.0 25.0 28.0 33.0 37.0 42.0 48.0 33.0 39.0 25.0 30.0 39.0 46.0 31.0 37.0 43.0 23.0 30.0 37.0 52.0 60.0 67.0 68.5 74.0 82.0 35.7 41.7 38.7 40.0 44.6 46.0 52.1 54.0 65.5 74.4 84.8 45.0 51.0 57.0 67.0 54.0 60.0 67.0 74.0 84.8
100.1 101.6 102.4 101.6 101.9 102.2 101.6 101.8 102.4 123.4 124.3 125.3 125.4 126.0 133.2 133.9 141.8 142.2 146.1 146.4 147.3 152.2 152.9 154.4 152.4 152.9 153.8 153.9 154.4 155.3 165.0 166.0 164.8 165.0 165.6 165.7 166.6 166.9 165.1 165.9 166.5 171.1 171.5 172.2 173.2 177.7 177.9 178.8 179.5 180.8
74.9 76.6 79.8 126.9 128.5 130.1 152.5 154.3 156.3 152.1 153.5 155.4 174.4 176.6 101.5 103.3 198.9 201.5 125.6 127.9 129.7 76.1 78.7 80.8 224.8 227.2 228.9 229.4 230.9 232.8 100.7 102.4 155.2 151.6 156.7 153.2 158.8 155.1 262.4 264.5 267.5 175.6 177.4 178.9 181.6 201.2 203.1 204.6 206.3 208.7
4.32 5.84 6.60 5.70 6.00 6.30 5.80 6.00 6.60 7.10 8.00 9.00 6.00 6.60 5.70 6.40 6.40 6.80 6.00 6.30 7.20 5.80 6.50 8.00 7.60 8.10 9.00 9.14 9.60 10.50 6.22 7.24 5.84 6.00 6.60 6.70 7.62 7.90 8.89 9.65 10.29 7.00 7.40 8.10 9.10 7.70 7.90 8.80 9.50 10.92
5.46 7.11 10.29 6.80 8.40 10.00 7.00 8.80 10.80 10.70 12.10 14.00 8.50 10.70 7.80 9.60 8.60 11.20 8.60 10.90 12.70 6.80 9.40 11.50 10.90 13.30 15.00 15.37 17.00 18.90 10.16 11.81 9.65 10.20 11.18 11.80 13.21 13.70 11.43 13.59 16.51 9.70 11.50 13.00 15.70 10.90 12.80 14.30 16.00 18.16
6.4 6.4 6.4 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 8.9 8.9 8.9 10.2 10.2 7.6 7.6 10.2 10.2 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 7.6 8.9 7.6 8.9 7.6 8.9 12.7 12.7 12.7 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2
17.3 13.1 12.1 22.3 21.4 20.7 26.3 25.7 23.7 21.4 19.2 17.3 29.1 26.8 17.8 16.1 31.1 29.6 20.9 20.3 18.0 13.1 12.1 10.1 29.6 28.0 25.4 25.1 24.1 22.2 16.2 14.1 26.6 25.3 23.7 22.9 20.8 19.6 29.5 27.4 26.0 25.1 24.0 22.1 20.0 26.1 25.7 23.3 21.7 19.1
9.17 7.14 4.98 7.47 6.07 5.11 7.26 5.78 4.74 5.77 5.14 4.48 7.38 5.89 8.54 6.97 8.24 6.35 8.49 6.72 5.80 11.2 8.13 6.71 6.99 5.75 5.13 5.01 4.54 4.11 8.12 7.03 8.54 8.09 7.41 7.02 6.31 6.09 7.22 6.10 5.04 8.82 7.46 6.62 5.52 8.15 6.95 6.25 5.61 4.98
1.58 1.72 1.72 3.45 3.32 3.24 4.43 4.20 4.14 3.78 3.87 3.94 4.56 4.44 2.10 2.11 5.32 5.02 2.66 2.55 2.64 1.39 1.41 1.53 6.04 5.84 5.91 5.92 5.88 5.96 1.76 1.87 3.16 3.03 3.22 3.07 3.31 3.21 7.58 7.44 7.24 4.05 3.94 3.97 4.00 4.83 4.64 4.73 4.76 4.93
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
STRUCTURAL TEES y
x
Cx
x
S
y
Imperial units Designation Serial Mass Size Per Metre mm
kg/m
102x76
6.70 8.93 11.91 11.00 12.60 14.20 12.40 14.10 16.40 18.50 21.00 24.00 16.50 19.50 12.50 15.00 19.50 23.00 15.60 18.50 21.50 11.50 15.00 18.50 26.20 29.90 33.60 34.23 37.10 41.00 17.86 20.83 19.35 20.10 22.32 23.10 26.04 27.00 32.74 37.20 42.41 22.50 25.50 28.50 33.50 27.10 30.00 33.60 37.10 42.41
102x127
102x152
127x152
127x178
133x102
140x203
146x127
152x76
152x229
165x102
165x152
165x267
171x178
178x203
Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y 4
cm 39.4 54.8 70.3 221 249 276 374 418 485 499 571 660 621 724 131 154 971 1117 259 292 343 58.5 72.3 93.2 1660 1871 2113 2161 2325 2589 147 176 485 467 560 535 664 641 2934 3317 3745 795 879 984 1152 1289 1391 1569 1733 2026
4
cm 45.7 62.3 92.3 59.7 74.4 89.3 61.5 77.7 97.1 168 194 231 140 179 154 192 205 269 224 285 339 200 280 353 323 397 456 469 523 592 381 451 360 382 424 448 510 532 431 520 638 406 484 554 681 511 602 683 773 897
Radius Of Gyration Axis Axis x-x y-y cm
cm
2.14 2.19 2.14 3.97 3.94 3.91 4.86 4.83 4.81 4.60 4.62 4.64 5.43 5.39 2.86 2.84 6.26 6.17 3.61 3.52 3.54 2.00 1.94 1.99 7.06 7.01 7.03 7.03 7.02 7.04 2.54 2.57 4.44 4.27 4.44 4.27 4.46 4.32 8.37 8.36 8.33 5.27 5.21 5.21 5.19 6.11 6.03 6.06 6.06 6.12
2.30 2.33 2.46 2.07 2.16 2.23 1.97 2.08 2.15 2.67 2.70 2.74 2.58 2.68 3.10 3.17 2.87 3.03 3.36 3.48 3.52 3.70 3.83 3.87 3.11 3.23 3.27 3.28 3.33 3.37 4.08 4.12 3.82 3.86 3.86 3.91 3.91 3.93 3.21 3.31 3.44 3.76 3.86 3.91 3.99 3.85 3.97 4.00 4.04 4.07
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Buckling Parameter
Torsional Index
N
Torsional Constant
M U
Sectional Area L O C D
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
Axis x-x
3
cm 9.14 12.3 18.0 11.8 14.6 17.5 12.1 15.3 19.0 27.3 31.3 36.8 22.4 28.4 23.1 28.7 28.9 37.9 30.6 39.0 46.0 26.3 36.7 45.7 42.3 52.0 59.4 60.9 67.8 76.3 46.2 54.3 43.7 46.3 51.2 54.1 61.2 63.7 52.2 62.7 76.7 47.4 56.5 64.4 78.7 57.5 67.6 76.4 86.1 99.2
3
cm 11.8 16.5 20.6 44.3 46.9 50.4 63.3 69.1 75.8 77.9 88.9 102 87.2 98.1 28.7 33.5 123 132 46.0 50.7 59.5 16.9 20.9 27.1 187 199 223 227 242 267 32.4 39.0 68.8 67.7 79.1 77.2 93.6 92.8 288 319 347 104 113 125 145 150 157 177 194 226
cm 6.67 9.22 11.2 23.9 26.1 28.2 34.5 37.2 42.2 43.6 49.7 56.9 48.2 54.7 16.2 18.7 66.7 73.8 26.1 28.5 33.2 9.41 11.2 14.2 101 111 124 127 135 149 17.7 21.0 39.3 38.5 45.0 43.7 52.8 52.1 157 174 192 58.8 63.7 70.7 81.4 84.3 88.8 99.8 109 127
3
Axis y-y
N A
u
x
J
13.1 10.2 7.67 18.2 15.7 13.8 21.8 18.7 15.8 14.9 13.3 11.7 21.1 17.6 12.8 10.8 23.8 19.5 14.8 12.2 10.6 10.4 8.00 6.67 22.0 18.8 16.8 16.5 15.1 13.7 9.63 8.43 16.9 15.5 14.8 13.6 12.7 11.8 23.5 20.6 17.8 18.4 16.1 14.4 12.2 19.2 16.9 15.2 13.8 12.3
cm 0.841 1.87 4.64 2.06 3.20 4.77 2.37 3.69 6.08 7.36 10.5 15.8 4.38 7.53 2.97 5.13 5.33 9.49 4.26 7.65 11.9 2.30 5.24 9.54 10.7 16.9 23.8 25.4 32.9 44.5 7.22 11.2 6.22 7.35 9.49 11.1 15.4 17.3 16.0 23.7 36.8 7.90 11.9 16.6 27.8 11.5 16.6 23.0 31.3 46.0
3
cm 14.0 18.9 27.7 18.5 22.9 27.3 19.3 24.1 29.9 42.5 49.0 57.8 34.9 44.3 35.4 44.0 45.2 58.8 46.9 59.6 70.4 40.0 55.7 69.6 66.4 81.2 93.0 95.5 106.2 119.9 70.0 82.5 66.8 70.7 78.2 82.6 93.8 97.6 82.9 99.4 121 73.0 86.8 99.1 121 89 104 118 133 154
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
4
0.662 0.628 0.606 0.701 0.681 0.656 0.606 0.606 0.602 0.654 0.632 0.673 0.633 0.375 0.230 0.198 0.678 0.648 0.646 0.645 0.636 0.634 0.434 0.392 0.427 0.379 0.422 0.388 0.704 0.692 0.672 0.546 0.521 0.514 0.499 0.587 0.561 0.561 0.555 0.559
S
A M A
2
cm 8.64 11.5 15.3 14.0 16.0 18.0 15.8 17.9 20.9 23.6 26.7 30.6 21.1 24.9 16.0 19.1 24.8 29.3 19.8 23.6 27.4 14.6 19.1 23.5 33.3 38.1 42.8 43.7 47.2 52.3 22.8 26.6 24.7 25.7 28.4 29.4 33.3 34.4 41.9 47.4 54.0 28.7 32.4 36.3 42.7 34.5 38.3 42.8 47.2 54.1 E B
69
STRUCTURAL TEES
Structural Tees
T
B
d
Cx
y x
r
x
t
B E A S
Designation Serial Mass Size Per Metre Bxd A N D C O L U M N
mm S
70
y
b
Imperial units M
Cut from Serial Mass Size Per Metre
kg/m
178x305
191x229
203x102
203x127
203x152
210x267
229x305
254x127
254x178
254x343
267x381
40.92 46.13 33.60 37.10 41.00 44.60 48.37 49.20 52.83 23.00 26.00 30.00 35.50 43.00 49.85 24.55 29.02 33.48 29.76 33.48 37.20 41.10 46.10 50.50 54.50 61.00 61.76 69.20 50.60 56.50 62.50 69.90 36.50 40.18 44.50 50.60 53.50 57.29 66.00 74.41 83.34 45.39 50.60 55.06 61.01 62.60 69.94 75.90 84.83 73.66 80.36 86.31 92.27 98.22
610x178 610x178 457x191 457x191 457x191 457x191 457x191 457x191 457x191 203x203 203x203 203x203 203x203 203x203 203x203 254x203 254x203 254x203 305x203 305x203 305x203 533x210 533x210 533x210 533x210 533x210 533x210 533x210 610x229 610x229 610x229 610x229 254x254 254x254 254x254 254x254 254x254 254x254 254x254 254x254 254x254 356x254 356x254 356x254 356x254 686x254 686x254 686x254 686x254 762x267 762x267 762x267 762x267 762x267
Width Of Section
Depth Of Section
Thickness Web Flange
Root Radius
Ratios For Local Buckling
Dimension
B
d
t
T
r
kg/m
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
d/t
b/T
cm
81.8 92.3 67.0 74.0 82.0 89.0 96.7 98.0 106 46.0 52.0 60.0 71.0 86.0 99.7 49.1 58.0 67.0 59.5 67.0 74.4 82.0 92.0 101 109 122 124 138 101 113 125 140 73 80 89 101 107 115 132 149 167 91 101 110 122 125 140 152 170 147 161 173 185 196
177.9 178.8 189.9 190.4 191.3 191.9 192.8 192.8 193.9 203.6 204.3 205.8 206.4 209.1 210.3 202.2 202.8 203.7 203.3 204.3 205.2 208.8 209.3 210.0 210.8 211.9 212.2 213.9 227.6 228.2 229.0 230.2 254.6 254.8 256.3 257.3 258.8 258.8 261.3 262.6 264.5 253.9 254.9 255.8 257.3 253.0 253.7 254.4 255.8 265.4 266.1 266.6 267.1 267.8
299.3 301.5 226.6 228.4 229.9 231.6 233.0 233.5 234.6 101.5 103.0 104.7 107.8 111.0 114.3 123.6 126.0 128.3 151.6 143.2 154.8 264.1 266.5 268.3 269.7 272.2 272.2 274.6 301.2 303.7 306.0 308.5 127.0 128.1 130.1 132.1 133.3 134.6 138.1 139.7 144.3 176.4 178.3 180.0 181.7 338.9 341.9 344.0 346.6 376.6 378.8 381.2 383.2 384.9
10.03 10.92 8.50 9.00 9.90 10.50 11.43 11.40 12.57 7.20 7.90 9.40 10.00 12.70 14.48 7.37 8.00 8.89 7.49 8.51 9.40 9.60 10.10 10.80 11.60 12.70 18.08 14.73 10.50 11.10 11.90 13.10 8.60 9.40 10.30 11.94 12.80 13.46 15.30 17.27 19.18 9.53 10.54 11.43 12.95 11.70 12.45 13.08 14.48 13.21 13.84 14.35 14.86 15.62
12.83 14.99 12.70 14.50 16.00 17.70 19.05 19.60 20.57 11.00 12.50 14.20 17.30 20.50 23.75 11.05 13.46 15.75 13.08 14.60 16.26 13.20 15.60 17.40 18.80 21.30 21.21 23.62 14.80 17.30 19.60 22.10 14.20 15.62 17.30 19.56 20.50 22.10 25.30 28.45 31.75 16.38 18.29 20.94 21.72 16.20 18.92 21.08 23.62 17.02 19.30 21.59 23.62 25.40
12.7 12.7 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 12.7 12.7 12.7 15.2 15.2 15.2 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5
29.8 27.6 26.7 25.4 23.2 22.1 20.4 20.5 18.7 14.1 13.0 11.1 10.8 8.74 7.89 16.8 15.8 14.4 20.2 16.8 16.5 27.5 26.4 24.8 23.3 21.4 15.1 18.6 28.7 27.4 25.7 23.5 14.8 13.6 12.6 11.1 10.4 10.0 9.03 8.09 7.52 18.5 16.9 15.8 14.0 29.0 27.5 26.3 23.9 28.5 27.4 26.6 25.8 24.6
6.93 5.96 7.48 6.57 5.98 5.42 5.06 4.92 4.71 9.25 8.17 7.25 5.97 5.10 4.43 9.15 7.53 6.47 7.77 7.00 6.31 7.91 6.71 6.03 5.61 4.97 5.00 4.53 7.69 6.60 5.84 5.21 8.96 8.16 7.41 6.58 6.31 5.86 5.16 4.62 4.17 7.75 6.97 6.11 5.92 7.81 6.70 6.03 5.41 7.80 6.89 6.17 5.65 5.27
8.88 8.79 5.46 5.38 5.47 5.47 5.58 5.53 5.73 1.69 1.75 1.89 1.95 2.20 2.38 2.21 2.22 2.31 2.75 2.63 2.96 6.75 6.55 6.53 6.61 6.66 6.76 6.95 7.78 7.58 7.54 7.61 2.05 2.12 2.21 2.37 2.45 2.51 2.70 2.85 3.07 3.16 3.27 3.32 3.53 8.85 8.67 8.57 8.69 10.4 10.2 10.0 9.90 9.91
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Cx
STRUCTURAL TEES y
x
Cx
x
S
y
Imperial units Designation Serial Mass Size Per Metre mm
kg/m
178x305
191x229
203x102
203x127
203x152
210x267
229x305
254x127
254x178
254x178x55 254x343
267x381
40.92 46.13 33.60 37.10 41.00 44.60 48.37 49.20 52.83 23.00 26.00 30.00 35.50 43.00 49.85 24.55 29.02 33.48 29.76 33.48 37.20 41.10 46.10 50.50 54.50 61.00 61.76 69.20 50.60 56.50 62.50 69.90 36.50 40.18 44.50 50.60 53.50 57.29 66.00 74.41 83.34 45.39 50.60 55.06 61.01 62.60 69.94 75.90 84.83 73.66 80.36 86.31 92.27 98.22
Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y 4
cm 4818 5427 2028 2218 2468 2679 2937 2962 3252 177 200 244 281 373 452 321 368 427 599 568 778 3510 3870 4232 4591 5149 5240 5989 5666 6244 6880 7724 418 463 524 621 676 726 871 995 1193 1204 1358 1503 1712 8930 9906 10680 12010 13340 14440 15470 16410 17480
4
cm 605 718 726 836 936 1045 1141 1174 1254 774 889 1032 1269 1564 1844 762 937 1111 918 1040 1173 1004 1195 1346 1472 1694 1690 1934 1458 1717 1966 2253 1954 2155 2429 2779 2964 3196 3766 4299 4904 2237 2527 2924 3088 2192 2581 2900 3305 2661 3041 3421 3763 4079
Radius Of Gyration Axis Axis x-x y-y cm
cm
9.60 9.61 6.89 6.85 6.87 6.86 6.90 6.88 6.95 2.45 2.46 2.53 2.49 2.61 2.67 3.20 3.16 3.16 3.97 3.69 4.05 8.19 8.12 8.11 8.13 8.14 8.18 8.24 9.38 9.32 9.29 9.31 3.00 3.01 3.04 3.10 3.15 3.15 3.22 3.24 3.35 4.56 4.59 4.55 4.70 10.6 10.5 10.5 10.5 11.9 11.9 11.8 11.8 11.8
3.40 3.50 4.12 4.20 4.23 4.29 4.30 4.33 4.32 5.14 5.18 5.20 5.30 5.34 5.39 4.93 5.03 5.10 4.92 4.99 4.98 4.38 4.51 4.57 4.60 4.67 4.65 4.68 4.76 4.89 4.97 5.03 6.48 6.50 6.55 6.57 6.59 6.62 6.69 6.74 6.79 6.22 6.26 6.34 6.31 5.24 5.38 5.47 5.53 5.32 5.45 5.57 5.65 5.70
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Buckling Parameter
Torsional Index
N
Torsional Constant
M U
Sectional Area L O C D
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
3
cm 68.0 80.3 76.5 87.8 97.8 109 118 122 129 76.1 87.0 100 123 150 175 75.4 92.4 109 90.3 102 114 96.2 114 128 140 160 159 181 128 151 172 196 154 169 190 216 229 247 288 327 371 176 198 229 240 173 204 228 258 201 229 257 282 305
3
cm 419 465 209 225 250 269 295 296 327 39.0 44.5 54.4 63.6 84.6 103 57.0 65.4 76.2 86.7 88.6 113 320 343 371 401 446 449 522 456 489 531 592 74.1 82.8 94.1 112 122 132 159 185 219 150 170 189 215 643 695 738 825 892 944 990 1035 1095
3
cm 109 128 118 136 152 169 184 189 202 115 132 152 187 228 267 114 140 166 137 155 174 150 177 199 217 249 259 284 200 234 267 305 232 256 287 328 348 375 438 499 566 268 302 348 366 270 317 355 403 315 359 402 441 477
cm 229 254 118 127 141 151 166 166 183 20.9 23.4 28.4 31.8 41.9 50.0 31.7 35.5 40.5 48.3 48.6 62.1 179 193 208 225 250 193 292 254 274 298 332 39.2 43.3 48.6 57.3 62.2 66.3 78.4 89.5 105 83.2 93.2 102 117 357 388 414 463 489 522 550 577 612
N A
u
x
J
24.2 21.5 18.9 16.9 15.5 14.1 13.2 12.9 12.2 8.86 7.92 7.04 5.96 5.11 4.51 10.7 9.12 7.96 11.4 9.56 9.40 20.8 18.3 16.6 15.5 13.8 13.8 12.5 21.6 19.0 17.1 15.3 8.63 7.91 7.24 6.47 6.20 5.80 5.17 4.61 4.24 10.7 9.71 8.57 8.30 22.0 19.4 17.7 16.0 22.8 20.8 19.1 17.7 16.6
cm 24.5 35.4 18.5 25.8 34.5 45.2 56.7 60.5 72.2 11.0 15.8 23.5 40.0 68.1 105 12.1 20.3 31.4 19.8 27.0 37.0 25.7 37.7 50.3 63.0 88.9 90.8 125 38.3 55.5 76.9 108 28.8 37.9 51.1 73.9 85.9 106 159 225 312 45.6 62.7 91.1 105 57.9 83.7 110 152 78.1 103 133 166 202
3
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
4
0.716 0.708 0.597 0.583 0.583 0.576 0.579 0.573 0.583 0.634 0.613 0.606 0.605 0.600 0.599 0.609 0.644 0.626 0.617 0.613 0.651 0.635 0.624 0.623 0.680 0.667 0.654 0.645 0.641
S
A M A
2
cm 52.2 58.8 42.7 47.3 52.2 56.9 61.6 62.6 67.2 29.4 33.1 38.2 45.2 54.8 63.5 31.3 37.0 42.8 38.0 41.8 47.4 52.3 58.7 64.3 69.4 77.7 78.7 88.2 64.4 72.0 79.7 89.1 46.5 51.1 56.6 64.5 68.2 73.0 84.1 94.6 106 57.8 64.5 72.7 77.6 79.7 89.2 96.9 108 93.8 102 110 118 125 E B
71
STRUCTURAL TEES
Structural Tees
T
B
d
Cx
y x
r
x
t
B E A S
Designation Serial Mass Size Per Metre Bxd A N D C O L U M N
mm S
Cut from Serial Mass Size Per Metre
kg/m
279x229
292x419
305x152
305x305
305x457
305x508
72
y
b
Imperial units M
312x267
324x305
356x343
368x178
56.55 64.00 72.18 78.87 88.55 87.80 96.70 104.9 113.1 48.40 53.57 58.90 64.73 68.50 71.43 79.00 89.29 101.2 113.1 126.5 141.4 74.60 89.50 100.5 111.6 119.1 126.5 135.4 144.4 156.3 111.0 124.0 136.0 157.0 175.0 75.15 82.59 90.78 98.22 109.4 77.38 87.06 97.47 108.6 120.5 109.0 120.0 132.0 66.97 73.66 81.10 89.29 98.22
457x279 457x279 457x279 457x279 457x279 838x292 838x292 838x292 838x292 305x305 305x305 305x305 305x305 305x305 305x305 305x305 305x305 305x305 305x305 305x305 305x305 610x305 610x305 914x305 914x305 914x305 914x305 914x305 914x305 914x305 1016x305 1016x305 1016x305 1016x305 1016x305 533x312 533x312 533x312 533x312 533x312 610x324 610x324 610x324 610x324 610x324 686x356 686x356 686x356 356x368 356x368 356x368 356x368 356x368
Width Of Section
Depth Of Section
B
d
Thickness Web Flange
t
T
Root Radius
Ratios For Local Buckling
r
Dimension
Cx
kg/m
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
d/t
b/T
cm
113 128 144 158 177 176 193 210 226 97 107 118 129 137 143 158 179 202 226 253 283 149 179 201 223 238 253 271 289 313 222 248 272 314 350 150 165 182 196 219 155 174 195 217 241 218 240 264 134 147 162 179 196
280.3 281.7 283.1 284.5 286.1 291.6 292.4 293.0 293.8 305.3 305.8 307.4 308.0 309.2 308.9 311.2 312.9 315.0 317.0 319.3 321.8 304.8 307.1 303.5 304.2 304.8 305.6 306.7 307.7 309.4 300.0 300.0 300.0 300.0 302.0 312.2 313.4 314.7 316.0 317.8 323.9 325.1 326.5 327.7 329.1 355.0 356.0 358.0 368.8 370.0 371.0 372.6 374.0
231.3 232.6 236.1 237.9 240.9 417.3 420.2 422.9 425.3 153.9 155.6 157.2 159.1 160.2 161.4 163.5 166.6 170.3 174.1 178.2 182.6 306.1 310.0 451.5 455.3 457.3 459.4 461.4 463.4 466.0 485.0 490.0 495.0 500.0 504.0 271.3 273.2 275.3 277.2 280.2 305.6 308.1 310.9 314.2 317.5 348.0 350.0 353.0 178.1 179.8 181.9 183.9 186.2
10.80 12.19 13.59 14.99 16.64 13.97 14.73 15.37 16.13 9.90 10.92 12.00 13.08 13.80 13.97 15.80 18.03 20.07 22.10 24.38 26.92 11.80 14.10 15.24 15.88 16.51 17.27 18.42 19.43 21.08 16.00 16.50 16.50 19.10 21.10 12.70 13.97 15.24 16.51 18.29 12.70 13.97 15.37 16.51 17.91 15.40 16.80 18.40 11.28 12.32 13.34 14.99 16.38
17.27 19.56 22.10 23.88 26.92 18.80 21.72 24.38 26.80 15.40 17.02 18.70 20.57 21.70 22.86 25.00 28.07 31.75 35.56 39.62 44.07 19.70 23.60 20.07 23.88 25.91 27.94 29.97 32.00 34.54 21.10 26.00 31.00 35.90 40.00 20.32 22.22 24.38 26.29 29.21 19.05 21.59 24.38 27.69 30.99 24.80 27.40 30.20 18.03 19.81 21.84 23.88 26.16
10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 16.5 16.5 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2
21.4 19.1 17.4 15.9 14.5 29.9 28.5 27.5 26.4 15.5 14.2 13.1 12.2 11.6 11.6 10.3 9.24 8.49 7.88 7.31 6.78 25.9 22.0 29.6 28.7 27.7 26.6 25.0 23.8 22.1 30.3 29.7 30.0 26.2 23.9 21.4 19.6 18.1 16.8 15.3 24.1 22.1 20.2 19.0 17.7 22.6 20.8 19.2 15.8 14.6 13.6 12.3 11.4
8.12 7.20 6.40 5.96 5.31 7.76 6.73 6.01 5.48 9.91 8.98 8.22 7.49 7.12 6.76 6.22 5.57 4.96 4.46 4.03 3.65 7.74 6.51 7.56 6.37 5.88 5.47 5.12 4.81 4.48 7.11 5.77 4.84 4.18 3.78 7.68 7.05 6.45 6.01 5.44 8.50 7.53 6.70 5.92 5.31 7.16 6.50 5.93 10.2 9.34 8.49 7.80 7.15
4.58 4.69 4.84 5.00 5.15 11.3 11.1 10.9 10.8 2.50 2.60 2.69 2.79 2.86 2.88 3.04 3.25 3.44 3.64 3.86 4.11 6.45 6.69 12.6 12.1 12.0 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.4 13.9 13.2 12.5 12.9 13.1 5.53 5.66 5.78 5.91 6.08 6.59 6.65 6.73 6.75 6.85 7.49 7.59 7.74 2.80 2.89 2.98 3.14 3.27
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
STRUCTURAL TEES y
x
x
S
y
Imperial units Designation Serial Mass Size Per Metre mm 279x229
Cx
292x419
305x152
305x305
305x457
305x508
312x267
324x305
356x343
368x178
kg/m 56.55 64.00 72.18 78.87 88.55 87.80 96.70 104.9 113.1 48.40 53.57 58.90 64.73 68.50 71.43 79.00 89.29 101.2 113.1 126.5 141.4 74.60 89.50 100.5 111.6 119.1 126.5 135.4 144.4 156.3 111.0 124.0 136.0 157.0 175.0 75.15 82.59 90.78 98.22 109.4 77.38 87.06 97.47 108.6 120.5 109.0 120.0 132.0 66.97 73.66 81.10 89.29 98.22
Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y 4
cm 2987 3387 3902 4340 4938 19410 21260 22890 24560 858 965 1080 1205 1287 1330 1533 1807 2107 2434 2824 3288 7397 9026 26340 28940 30670 32610 35080 37400 40900 33450 36990 39550 46440 52090 5599 6221 6881 7532 8506 7854 8815 9904 10970 12200 14010 15430 17180 1530 1701 1887 2152 2408
4
cm 3172 3647 4184 4589 5262 3897 4539 5126 5681 3655 4059 4530 5013 5351 5620 6285 7175 8282 9455 10770 12260 4655 5705 4693 5621 6135 6668 7233 7800 8564 4782 5886 7011 8125 9239 5158 5707 6341 6924 7827 5400 6189 7081 8132 9220 9258 10320 11570 7540 8366 9299 10300 11410
Radius Of Gyration Axis Axis x-x y-y
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
cm 6.44 6.45 6.51 6.57 6.61 13.2 13.1 13.1 13.0 3.73 3.76 3.79 3.82 3.84 3.82 3.90 3.99 4.04 4.11 4.18 4.27 8.82 8.90 14.3 14.2 14.2 14.2 14.2 14.3 14.3 15.4 15.3 15.1 15.2 15.3 7.64 7.68 7.71 7.76 7.81 8.92 8.92 8.93 8.89 8.90 10.0 10.1 10.1 4.23 4.25 4.27 4.35 4.39
cm 161 182 208 231 261 639 687 729 775 66.5 74.5 82.9 91.8 97.8 100 115 135 155 177 202 232 306 371 809 867 911 961 1031 1095 1195 965 1033 1070 1252 1398 259 287 316 345 388 328 365 407 445 490 513 563 624 102 113 124 141 157
3
cm 226 259 296 323 368 267 310 350 387 239 265 295 326 346 364 404 459 526 597 674 762 305 372 309 370 403 436 472 507 554 319 392 467 542 612 330 364 403 438 493 333 381 434 496 560 522 580 646 409 452 501 553 610
cm 6.64 6.69 6.74 6.76 6.82 5.90 6.06 6.18 6.27 7.70 7.72 7.77 7.80 7.83 7.86 7.90 7.94 8.02 8.09 8.17 8.25 7.00 7.07 6.05 6.28 6.36 6.43 6.47 6.51 6.55 5.82 6.10 6.36 6.37 6.45 7.33 7.36 7.40 7.44 7.49 7.39 7.47 7.55 7.66 7.74 8.17 8.22 8.29 9.39 9.43 9.48 9.51 9.55
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Buckling Parameter
Torsional Index
N
Torsional Constant
M U
Sectional Area L O C D
3
Axis x-x 3
cm 284 323 371 414 470 1163 1239 1307 1385 123 139 156 175 188 195 225 266 311 361 419 488 538 656 1477 1565 1639 1727 1852 1965 2146 1778 1953 1921 2251 2512 457 508 562 616 695 576 643 719 790 874 904 996 1106 190 212 236 271 305
Axis y-y
N A
u
x
J
13.9 12.4 11.1 10.3 9.22 23.3 20.8 19.0 17.5 9.64 8.81 8.09 7.44 7.09 6.79 6.25 5.63 5.06 4.60 4.20 3.84 16.4 13.8 23.5 20.7 19.3 18.1 17.0 16.0 14.9 23.1 20.1 17.6 15.4 14.0 13.9 12.8 11.7 10.9 9.92 16.8 15.0 13.4 12.0 10.8 14.8 13.5 12.3 9.63 8.83 8.09 7.45 6.86
cm 58.8 85.0 122 155 220 110 153 201 256 45.5 60.8 80.3 106 124 142 188 267 384 535 736 1010 99.8 170 145 210 257 312 383 460 580 191 287 412 625 851 108 142 186 234 320 98.0 139 197 279 384 227 303 404 84.6 111 148 195 255
3
cm 345 396 453 495 566 419 486 547 604 362 402 447 494 525 552 614 698 802 910 1030 1166 468 571 487 580 631 685 741 798 875 504 617 729 850 964 505 558 618 673 759 511 584 667 763 862 801 891 995 618 684 759 838 926
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
4
0.675 0.659 0.647 0.639 0.483 0.484 0.688 0.666 0.659 0.654 0.654 0.652 0.653 0.701 0.689 0.648 0.651 0.651 0.320 0.325 0.322 0.325 0.326 0.469 0.461 0.455 0.439 0.431 0.475 0.472 0.471 -
S
A M A
2
E
cm 72.0 81.5 92.1 100 113 112 124 134 144 61.72 68.17 75.09 82.47 87.20 90.96 101 114 129 144 161 180 95.0 114 128 143 152 161 173 184 199 141 158 173 200 222 96.0 105 116 125 139 98.8 111 124 139 154 139 153 168 85.5 94.0 103 114 125 B
73
STRUCTURAL TEES
Structural Tees
T
B
d
Cx
y x
r
x
t
B E A S
Designation Serial Mass Size Per Metre Bxd A N D C O L U M N
mm S
400x419
406x178
406x508
457x508
74
Cut from Serial Mass Size Per Metre
kg/m
381x381
419x457
y
b
Imperial units M
129.0 142.0 157.0 150.0 165.0 179.0 107.9 118.3 131.0 143.6 157.0 173.4 191.2 211.0 232.0 255.0 276.0 296.0 317.0 339.0 372.0 129.0 148.0 160.0 186.0 206.0 171.0 182.0 194.0 209.0 224.0 143.0 164.0 182.0 199.0 222.0 244.0
762x381 762x381 762x381 838x400 838x400 838x400 356x406 356x406 356x406 356x406 356x406 356x406 356x406 356x406 356x406 356x406 356x406 356x406 356x406 356x406 356x406 1016x406 1016x406 1016x406 1016x406 1016x406 914x419 914x419 914x419 914x419 914x419 1016x457 1016x457 1016x457 1016x457 1016x457 1016x457
Width Of Section
Depth Of Section
B
d
Thickness Web Flange
t
Root Radius
T
r
Ratios For Local Buckling
Dimension
Cx
kg/m
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
d/t
b/T
cm
258 284 314 300 330 358 216 237 262 287 314 347 382 422 464 510 552 592 634 678 744 258 296 320 372 412 342 364 388 418 448 286 328 364 398 444 488
381.0 382.0 384.0 400.0 401.0 403.0 393.7 395.4 397.5 399.0 401.3 403.6 406.3 409.0 412.0 416.0 418.0 421.0 424.0 428.0 432.0 400.0 400.0 400.0 400.0 402.0 418.0 419.0 420.0 422.0 423.0 450.0 450.0 450.0 451.0 453.0 455.0
387.0 390.0 393.0 428.0 431.0 434.0 187.7 190.2 193.3 188.7 199.6 203.7 208.0 213.0 217.0 223.0 228.0 232.0 237.0 242.0 249.0 485.0 491.0 495.0 500.0 504.0 456.0 458.0 461.0 464.0 467.0 485.0 491.0 496.0 500.0 504.0 508.0
16.60 18.00 19.70 18.20 19.70 21.10 17.27 18.92 21.08 22.61 24.89 27.18 29.84 32.80 35.80 39.10 42.00 45.00 47.60 51.20 55.60 16.50 16.50 16.50 19.10 21.10 19.30 20.30 21.30 22.50 24.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 19.10 21.10 23.10
27.10 30.10 33.40 29.20 32.40 35.60 27.69 30.23 33.27 36.58 39.62 43.69 48.01 52.60 57.40 62.70 67.60 72.30 77.10 81.50 88.90 21.10 27.10 31.00 36.10 40.00 32.00 34.30 36.60 39.90 42.70 21.10 27.10 32.00 35.90 40.00 43.90
17.0 17.0 17.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.0
23.3 21.7 19.9 23.5 21.9 20.6 10.9 10.1 9.17 8.35 8.02 7.49 6.97 6.49 6.06 5.70 5.43 5.16 4.98 4.73 4.48 29.4 29.8 30.0 26.2 23.9 23.6 22.6 21.6 20.6 19.5 26.9 27.3 27.6 26.2 23.9 22.0
7.03 6.35 5.75 6.85 6.19 5.66 7.11 6.54 5.97 5.45 5.06 4.62 4.23 3.89 3.59 3.32 3.09 2.91 2.75 2.63 2.43 9.48 7.38 6.45 5.54 5.03 6.53 6.11 5.74 5.29 4.95 10.7 8.30 7.03 6.28 5.66 5.18
8.41 8.50 8.63 9.62 9.70 9.76 3.28 3.43 3.63 3.63 3.98 4.20 4.45 4.73 4.98 5.30 5.58 5.84 6.10 6.39 6.79 12.4 11.4 10.9 11.2 11.4 10.2 10.2 10.3 10.3 10.5 12.2 11.2 10.6 10.5 10.8 11.0
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
STRUCTURAL TEES y
x
x
Designation Serial Mass Size Per Metre mm
kg/m
381x381
129.0 142.0 157.0 150.0 165.0 179.0 107.9 118.3 131.0 143.6 157.0 173.4 191.2 211.0 232.0 255.0 276.0 296.0 317.0 339.0 372.0 129.0 148.0 160.0 186.0 206.0 171.0 182.0 194.0 209.0 224.0 143.0 164.0 182.0 199.0 222.0 244.0
400x419
406x508
419x457
457x508
S
y
Imperial units
406x178
Cx
Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y 4
cm 20680 22840 25380 30210 33240 36230 2602 2922 3353 3305 4230 4828 5542 6419 7280 8480 9591 10680 11910 13430 15630 37390 40850 42850 50380 56440 38770 41230 43990 47320 51060 41160 44940 47640 51900 58190 64590
4
cm 12510 14000 15790 15600 17440 19450 14090 15580 17430 19380 21360 23970 26870 30040 33520 37700 41250 45090 49130 53440 59970 11290 14490 16570 19300 21710 19510 21070 22640 25040 26990 16070 20620 24340 27490 31040 34530
Radius Of Gyration Axis Axis x-x y-y cm
cm
11.2 11.2 11.3 12.6 12.6 12.6 4.35 4.40 4.48 4.27 4.60 4.68 4.77 4.89 4.97 5.11 5.23 5.32 5.43 5.58 5.74 15.1 14.7 14.5 14.6 14.7 13.3 13.3 13.4 13.3 13.4 15.0 14.7 14.4 14.3 14.3 14.4
8.73 8.80 8.88 9.04 9.12 9.22 10.1 10.2 10.2 10.3 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.8 10.9 11.0 11.1 11.2 8.28 8.77 9.01 9.03 9.10 9.46 9.53 9.58 9.70 9.73 9.39 9.93 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.5
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Buckling Parameter
Torsional Index
N
Torsional Constant
M U
Sectional Area L O C D
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
3
cm 657 733 822 780 870 965 716 788 877 971 1065 1188 1323 1469 1627 1813 1974 2142 2317 2497 2776 564 724 828 965 1080 934 1006 1078 1187 1276 714 916 1082 1219 1371 1518
3
cm 1204 1324 1468 1607 1760 1910 331 374 430 452 547 626 719 829 942 1087 1221 1356 1501 1669 1920 1867 1920 1959 2301 2573 1936 2052 2179 2331 2513 2039 2098 2152 2323 2601 2885
3
cm 1008 1127 1266 1201 1341 1490 1085 1196 1332 1475 1620 1809 2017 2243 2487 2774 3024 3284 3556 3838 4271 876 1116 1272 1486 1668 1437 1549 1662 1830 1971 1106 1410 1658 1868 2104 2334
cm 683 749 827 910 995 1077 168 187 214 217 265 299 339 387 436 499 557 615 677 754 863 1035 1082 1109 1299 1449 1095 1159 1229 1312 1411 1134 1186 1221 1316 1468 1623
N A
u
x
J
15.2 13.8 12.5 15.6 14.2 13.0 6.51 6.01 5.52 4.85 4.73 4.36 4.02 3.73 3.45 3.22 3.04 2.87 2.73 2.62 2.45 22.7 19.1 17.1 14.9 13.6 15.1 14.2 13.4 12.4 11.7 22.1 18.7 16.4 14.8 13.4 12.4
cm 319 429 581 427 572 747 315 410 548 719 923 1233 1638 2157 2806 3671 4593 5633 6825 8154 10580 230 377 512 790 1064 592 718 861 1094 1334 269 435 632 858 1173 1540
3
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
4
0.497 0.493 0.489 0.532 0.528 0.522 0.632 0.585 0.560 0.563 0.564 0.533 0.529 0.527 0.520 0.521 0.607 0.556 0.521 0.510 0.510 0.511
S
A M A
2
cm 164 181 200 191 210 229 138 151 167 181 200 221 244 269 295 324 351 377 404 432 474 165 189 204 237 262 218 232 247 266 285 182 209 231 254 283 311 E B
75
B E A M S A N D C O L U M N S
76
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
BEARING PILES
74
Bearing Piles
General The section sizes of bearing piles are given in the tables on the following pages. Bearing piles are different from universal beams and columns because the flange and the web thickness are approximately equal and the height and the width are almost th e same. S E IL P G NI R A E B
Figure 6 – Bearing Piles: Section shape
The standard specifications used for production of bearing piles in this region are listed in this table. Material AS 3679.1 (1996) Grade 250 Grade 300 Grade 350
Yield strength 2 N/mm 12mm 12-40 260 300 360
250 300 340
Tensile strength Min. Elongation Min. Charpy VDimensions 2 notch. Temp. 20 C & Tolerances N/mm L0=5.65 S0
40mm 230 300 330
min. 410 min. 430 min. 480
22 % 22 % 20 %
27J 27J 27J
ASTM A36 (2001) ASTM A572 (2001) Grade 42
min. 250
400-550
20-21 %
-
min. 290
min. 415
20+24 %
-
Grade 50 Grade 60 Grade 65 ASTM A913 (2001)
min. 345 min. 415 min. 450
min. 450 min. 520 min. 550
18-21 % 16-18 % 15-17 %
-
Grade 50
min. 345
min. 450
18-21 %
-
Grade 65
min. 450
min. 550
15-17 %
-
430-580 490-640
22 % 20 %
27J
BS 4360 (1986) (superseded) Grade 43A Grade 50B EN 10025 (2004)
16mm 16-40
40mm
3-100mm
275
265
255
410-560
17-22 %
27J
355 420
345 400
335 390
490-630 500-660
17-22 % 19 %
27J 27J
460
440
530-720
17 %
27J
SS400 SS490 SS540 JIS 3106 (1995)
16mm 16-40 245 285
235 275
400 390 16mm 16-40
430 40mm
(1993) (superseded)
10
S355JR S420N S460N
ASTM A6 (1997)
BS 4 Part 1
min. 275 min. 355
S275JR
JIS 3101 (1995)
AS 3679.1 (1996)
EN 10034 (1993)
t<100mm
215 255
400-510 490-610
17-24 % 15-21 %
-
40mm
min 540 t<100mm
13-17 %
JIS 3192 (1994)
SM400A, B
245
235
215
400-510
18-24 %
-
SM490A, B SM490YA, YB SM520B
325 365 365
315 355 355
295 335 335
490-610 490-610 520-640
17-23 % 15-21 % 15-21 %
-
Table 12 – Bearing Piles: Standard specifications
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
77
BEARING PILES
Bearing Piles
B r
n
t
D
N
d
T
C b
Metric units Designation Size Mass Per Metre DxD
Depth Of Section
Width Of Section
Thickness Flange
Root Depth Radius Between W eb Fillet
Area Of Section
Ratios For Local Buckling Flange Web
D
B
T
t
r
d
A
mm
kg/m
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
cm
200x200
56.2
200
204
12
12
13
150
71.5
8.50
250x250
63.8
244
252
11
11
13
196
81.3
E
64.4
244
252
11
11
16
190
IN
82.2
250
255
14
14
16
83.4
294
302
12
12
84.5
294
302
12
106
300
305
142
310
105
B A R G P
300x300 IL E S
350x350
400x400
78
b/T
d/t
Dimensions For Detailing End Notch Clearance C
N
n
mm
mm
mm
12.5
8
106
25
11.5
17.8
8
131
24
82.1
11.5
17.3
8
131
27
190
105
9.11
13.6
9
131
30
13
244
106
12.6
20.3
8
155
25
12
18
234
108
12.6
19.5
8
155
30
15
15
18
234
135
10.2
15.6
10
155
33
310
20
20
18
234
181
7.75
11.7
12
155
38
338
351
13
13
13
286
133
13.5
22.0
9
179
26
106
338
351
13
13
20
272
135
13.5
20.9
9
179
33
129
344
354
16
16
13
286
165
11.1
17.9
10
179
29
131
344
354
16
16
20
272
167
11.1
17.0
10
179
36
154
350
357
19
19
13
286
196
9.39
15.1
12
179
32
156
350
357
19
19
20
272
198
9.39
14.3
12
179
39
140
388
402
15
15
22
314
178
13.4
20.9
10
204
37
168
394
405
18
18
22
314
214
11.3
17.4
11
204
40
197
400
408
21
21
22
314
251
9.71
15.0
13
204
43
235
408
412
25
25
22
314
300
8.24
12.6
15
204
47
2
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
BEARING PILES y
x
x
y
Metric units Designation Size Mass Per Metre
Surface Area Per Metre
Second Moment Of Area Ax is Ax is x-x y-y
Radius Of Gyration Axis Axis x-x y-y
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Axis x-x
Ax is y-y
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
Buckling Parameter
Torsional Index
u
x
Warping Constant
Torsional Constant
H
J
dm6
cm4
14.3
0.150
39.6
0.828
19.5
0.399
37.1
358
0.829
19.0
0.399
39.5
1039
468
0.827
15.4
0.540
79.0
365
1260
558
0.829
21.9
1.10
56.3
1147
365
1277
560
0.831
21.1
1.10
61.4
7.26
1436
466
1614
716
0.829
17.4
1.44
116
12.9
7.42
1927
642
2199
992
0.828
13.4
2.09
271
9377
14.4
8.39
1642
534
1822
8 15
0.827
23.5
2.48
81.4
9381
14.4
8.33
1668
535
1851
818
0.829
22.5
2.48
90.3
34880
11840 14.6
8.48
2028
669
2269
1024
0.826
19.4
3.19
151
2.04
35330
11850 14.6
8.43
2054
669
2299
1027
0.828
18.7
3.19
164
154
2.07
42350
14430 14.7
8.57
2420
808
2730
1241
0.826
16.5
3.95
252
156
2.06
42800
14430 14.7
8.53
2446
809
2760
1244
0.827
16.1
3.95
270
400x400 140
2.32
48970
16260 16.6
9.55
2524
809
2802
1237
0.830
22.5
5.66
156
168
2.33
59720
19960 16.7
9.65
3031
986
3390
1511
0.828
19.2
7.05
264
197
2.35
70890
23810 16.8
9.75
3545
1167
3992
1794
0.828
16.7
8.55
415
235
2.38
86470
29200 17.0
9.87
4239
1418
4818
2185
0.827
14.2
10.7
694
mm
kg/m
m2
cm4
cm4
cm
cm
cm3
cm3
cm3
cm3
200x200
56.2
1.17
4983
1702
8.35
4.88
498
1 67
565
257
0.826
250x250
63.8
1.45
8703
2938
10.3
6.01
713
2 33
797
357
64.5
1.45
8787
2939
10.3
5.98
720
2 33
805
82.2
1.46
11480
3877
10.5
6.09
919
304
300x300 83.4
1.75
16640
5514
12.5
7.20
1132
84.5
1.74
16870
5517
12.5
7.16
106
1.76
21540
7106
12.6
142
1.79
29870
9955
350x350 105
2.03
27740
106
2.02
28190
129
2.05
131
S E IL
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
P G NI R A E B
79
BEARING PILES
Bearing Piles
B r
n
t
D
N
d
T
C b
Imperial units Designation Size Mass Per Metre DxB
B E A R
E S
80
Root Depth Radius Between Fillet
Area Ratios For Of Local Buckling Section Flange Web
D
B
T
t
r
d
A
lb/ft
kg/m
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
cm
C
N
n
mm
mm
8x8
30
44.9
200.2
205.9
9.5
9.5
10.2
160.8
57.2
10.8
16.9
7
108
20
(203x203)
36
53.9
204.0
207.7
11.4
11.3
10.2
160.8
68.7
9.11
14.2
8
108
22
10x10
42
63.0
247.1
256.6
10.7
10.6
12.7
200.3
80.2
12.0
18.9
7
133
23
(254x254)
48
71.0
249.7
258.0
12
12
12.7
200.3
90.4
10.8
16.7
8
133
25
57
85.1
254.3
260.4
14.3
14.4
12.7
200.3
108
9.10
13.9
9
133
27
12x12
53
78.9
299.3
306.4
11.1
11
15.2
246.7
100
13.8
22.4
8
158
26
(305x305)
59
88.0
301.7
307.8
12.3
12.4
15.2
246.7
112
12.5
19.9
8
158
28
63
93.0
303.3
308.0
13.1
13.1
15.2
246.7
119
11.8
18.8
9
157
28
64
94.9
303.7
308.7
13.3
13.3
15.2
246.7
121
11.6
18.5
9
158
29
74
110.0
307.9
310.7
15.4
15.3
15.2
246.7
140
10.1
16.1
10
158
31
84
125.0
311.9
312.3
17.4
17.4
15.2
246.7
159
8.97
14.2
11
157
33
85
126.1
312.3
312.9
17.6
17.5
15.2
246.7
161
8.89
14.1
11
158
33
100
149.1
3 18.5
316.0
20.7
20.6
1 5.2
246.7
190
7.63
12.0
12
158
36
121
180.0
3 26.7
319.7
24.8
24.8
1 5.2
246.7
229
6.45
9.95
14
157
40
125
186.0
3 28.3
320.9
25.6
25.5
1 5.2
246.7
237
6.27
9.67
15
158
41
149
222.9
3 37.9
325.7
30.4
30.3
1 5.2
246.7
284
5.36
8.14
17
158
46
13x13
60
8 9.3
318.5
327.7
11.68
11.68
15.2
264.7
113
14.0
22.7
8
168
27
(330x330)
73
108.6
323.8
330.3
14.35
14.35
15.2
264.7
139
11.5
18.4
9
168
30
87
129.5
328.9
332.9
16.89
16.89
15.2
264.7
164
9.85
15.7
10
168
32
100
148.8
334.0
335.4
19.43
19.43
15.2
264.7
190
8.63
13.6
12
168
35
14x14 1/2
73
108.9
346.4
371.0
12.9
12.8
15.2
290.2
139
14.4
22.7
8
189
28
(356x368)
89
133.0
352.0
373.8
15.7
1 5.6
15.2
290.2
169
11.9
18.6
10
189
31
102
152.0
3 56.4
376.0
17.9
17.8
1 5.2
290.2
194
10.5
16.3
11
189
33
117
173.9
3 61.4
378.5
20.4
20.3
1 5.2
290.2
221
9.28
14.3
12
189
36
121
180.0
3 62.9
378.8
21.1
21.1
1 5.2
290.3
230
8.98
13.8
13
189
36
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
b/T
d/t
Dimensions For Detailing End Notch Clearance
mm
G IL
Width Thickness Of Section Flange Web
in (mm)
IN P
Depth Of Section
2
BEARING PILES y
x
x
y
Imperial units Designation Size Mass Per Metre
Surface Area Per m et re
Second Moment Of Area Ax is Ax is x-x y-y
Radius Of Gyration Ax is Ax is x-x y-y
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Ax is x-x
Ax is y-y
Ax is x-x
Ax is y-y
i n ( mm)
l b/ ft
k g/ m
m2
cm4
cm4
cm
cm
cm3
cm3
cm3
cm3
8x8
Buckling Parameter
Torsional Index
u
x
Warping Constant
Torsional Constant
H
J
dm6
cm4
30
44.9
1.19
4100
1384
8.46
4.92
410
134
459
206
0.827
18.6
0.126
19.2
(203x203) 36
53.9
1.20
5027
1705
8.55
4.98
493
164
557
252
0.827
15.8
0.158
32.7
10x10
42
63.0
1.48
8861
3016
10.5
6.13
717
235
799
360
0.827
20.5
0.421
34.3
(254x254)
48
71.0
1.49
10070
3439
10.6
6.17
807
267
904
409
0.826
18.4
0.486
48.4
57
85.1
1.50
12290
4216
10.6
6.24
966
324
1092
498
0.825
15.6
0.607
81.8
12x12
53
78.9
1.78
16450
5327
12.8
7.28
1099
348
1218
531
0.832
23.9
1.11
46.9
(305x305)
59
88.0
1.78
18430
5985
12.8
7.31
1221
389
1360
595
0.830
21.6
1.25
64.2
63
93.0
1.79
19690
6387
12.9
7.33
1298
415
1449
635
0.831
20.5
1.34
76.4
64
94.9
1.79
20050
6529
12.9
7.35
1320
423
1474
648
0.830
20.2
1.38
80.0
74
110.0
1.80
23560
7710
13.0
7.42
1531
496
1720
762
0.830
17.7
1.65
122
84
125.0
1.81
27040
8849
13.0
7.46
1734
567
1961
872
0.829
15.8
1.92
177
85
126.1
1.82
27410
9002
13.1
7.49
1755
575
1986
885
0.829
15.7
1.95
182
100
149.1
1.83
33070 10910 13.2
7.58
2076
691
2370 1066
0.828
13.5
2.42
295
121
180.0
1.86
40970 13550 13.4
7.69
2508
847
2897 1313
0.827
11.5
3.09
510
125
186.0
1.86
42610 14140 13.4
7.73
2596
881
3003 1366
0.827
11.1
3.24
560
149
222.9
1.89
52700 17580 13.6
7.87
3119
1079
3653 1680
0.826
9.55
4.16
943
60
89.3
1.90
20940
6857
13.6
7.79
1315
418
1457
639
0.830
24.3
1.61
57.9
8628
13x13
73
108.6
1.91
26200
13.7
7.88
1618
522
1808
800
0.829
20.1
2.07
106
87
129.5
1.93
31430 10400 13.8
7.96
1911
625
2151
959
0.828
17.3
2.53
171
100
148.8
1.94
36860 12240 13.9
8.03
2207
730
2502 1123
0.828
15.2
3.03
260
73
108.9
2.13
30630 10990 14.9
8.90
1769
592
1956
903
0.823
24.2
3.06
84.6
(356x368) 89
133.0
2.14
37980 13680 15.0
8.99
2158
732
2406 1119
0.822
20.1
3.87
151
102
152.0
2.16
43970 15880 15.1
9.05
2468
845
2767 1293
0.821
17.8
4.55
223
117
173.9
2.17
51010 18460 15.2
9.13
2823
976
3186 1497
0.821
15.8
5.37
330
121
180.0
2.17
53040 19140 15.2
9.13
2923
1011
3306 1552
0.821
15.3
5.59
367
(330x330)
14x14 1/2
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
S E IL P G NI R A E B
81
B E A R IN G P IL E S
82
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
HOT FINISHED ELLIPCON SECTIONS
80
Hot Finished Ellipcon Sections
General Hot finished ellipcon sections are new and exciting section types. They come in two shapes, one is an ellipse (ellipcon sections) and the other is half of an ellipse with one flat side (semi ellipcon sections). Both shapes give the structures very outstanding architectural looks, and the sections have many structural advantages. The new elliptical sections are good alternatives to traditional section types. They have all the properties of the hot finished structural tubes, which are already used in many construction works. In addition, the architects are given full vent to expressing the structure in creative and exciting architecture, and end up with something both practical and aesthetic. For structures with limited space these new sections might provide smaller column footprints than other design solutions, increasing the open floor area. Their special shapes both serve the structural purpose and give continuity in the structure. For non-symmetric load situations the sections might be more cost efficient than circular or square hollow sections, because the designer can choose sections with different stiffness about the two axis, x and y.
N O C P I L L E
As for other hollow sections such as square, rectangular and circular, the ellipcon sections have constant external dimension within the same serial size, only the thickness is increasing. In other words, the same column size can be maintained throughout the full height of the building, simplifying architectural details and ensuring economy in fabrication (See “Hot Finished Hollow Sections”). The tubes are produced according to EN 10210 Part 1 (1994): Technical delivery requirements for Hot finished hollow sections, and Part 2 (1997): Tolerances, dimensions and sectional properties. A few points are not included in EN 10210: - The tolerance on the twist = 4mm +1mm/m length - The tolerance on the straightness = 0.40% of total length - Section properties for the hot ellipcon sections are not included in EN 10210. The mechanical properties of the hollow sections, calculations of torsional inertia constants and torsional modulus constants are according to standards ISO/DIS 657-XIV. Architect: S. Gresy
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
83
HOT FINISHED ELLIPCON SECTIONS
Ellipcon
x t
b
y
y
x
h
Designation Size Thickness
Second Moment Of Inertia
t
rx
ry
Zx
kg/m
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm
117x60
3.2
6.92
8.58
116
40.5
3.67
2.17
19.8
4
8.57
10.6
141
48.8
3.65
2.14
5
10.60
13.1
171
58.4
3.61
6
12.60
15.6
199
67.1
8
16.40
20.2
249
4
10.80
13.3
5
13.30
6
248x109
320x160
400x200
480x240
A 2
Iy
Elastic Modulus
mm
220x106
Ix
Radius Of Gyration
mm
178x90
84
Area Of Section
hxb
149x70
E L L I P C O N
Mass Per Metre
4
4
3
Plastic Modulus
Zy
Sx
Sy 3
J
C
cm
cm
cm
3
m /m
13.5
27.6
17.2
120
30.0
0.298
24.1
16.3
33.9
21.1
145
36.0
0.298
2.11
29.2
19.5
41.5
25.6
175
42.7
0.298
3.58
2.08
34.0
22.4
48.7
29.9
201
48.7
0.298
81.8
3.51
2.01
42.6
27.3
62.1
37.6
248
58.8
0.298
284
85.9
4.62
2.55
38.1
24.5
53.6
31.3
264
55.3
0.367
16.4
346
103
4.59
2.51
46.4
29.6
65.8
38.3
319
66.2
0.367
15.90
19.5
405
120
4.55
2.48
54.3
34.2
77.6
44.9
370
76.1
0.367
8
20.80
25.5
513
148
4.48
2.41
68.9
42.3
99.8
57.0
461
93.2
0.367
10
25.50
31.3
610
172
4.42
2.34
81.8
49.1
120
67.9
539
107
0.367
6
19.50
24.1
740
250
5.54
3.22
83.2
55.6
117
72.0
749
123
0.451
8
25.60
31.7
947
315
5.47
3.15
106
69.9
152
92.4
947
154
0.451
10
31.50
39.0
1136
371
5.40
3.09
128
82.4
184
111
1123
179
0.451
6
24.00
29.6
1388
438
6.85
3.85
126
82.7
177
106
1334
185
0.546
8
31.60
39.0
1790
556
6.78
3.78
163
105
231
137
1701
234
0.546
10
39.00
48.1
2163
662
6.71
3.71
197
125
282
165
2033
276
0.546
6
26.60
32.5
1903
519
7.65
4.00
153
95.3
217
121
1635
217
0.596
8
35.00
42.9
2461
661
7.58
3.93
198
121
283
157
2088
274
0.596
10
43.30
52.9
2983
788
7.51
3.86
241
145
346
190
2501
324
0.596
12
51.40
62.8
3472
901
7.44
3.79
280
165
406
221
2874
369
0.596
8
47.10
58.3
5877
1978
10.0
5.82
367
247
513
315
5928
553
0.807
10
58.40
72.3
7181
2393
9.97
5.75
449
299
631
385
7192
665
0.807
12
69.60
86.0
8422
2779
9.90
5.69
526
347
745
453
8375
769
0.807
14
80.50
99.4
9604
3137
9.83
5.62
600
392
855
517
9483
863
0.807
8
59.30
73.4
11690
3966
12.6
7.35
584
397
811
500
11860
890
1.01
10
73.60
91.1
14350
4829
12.5
7.28
717
483
1001
615
14470
1079
1.01
12
87.80
109
16910
5646
12.5
7.21
845
565
1186
726
16960
1257
1.01
14
102.00
126
19370
6416
12.4
7.14
968
642
1366
832
19320
1422
1.01
10
88.90
110
25170
8529
15.1
8.81
1049
711
1457
897
25510
1594
1.21
12
106.00
131
29750
10014
15.1
8.74
1240
835
1730
1062
30010
1865
1.21
14
123.00
152
34190
11432
15.0
8.67
1425
953
1997
1222
34320
2122
1.21
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
3
Surface Area Per Metre
cm
cm
3
Torsional Constant
4
2
HOT FINISHED ELLIPCON SECTIONS b
Semi Ellipcon
y
h
x
x
t y
Mass Per Metre
Area Of Section
t
A
mm
mm
kg/m
cm
60x60
3.5
5.15
6.56
4
5.82
5
Designation Size Thickness
hxb
75x75
90x90
110x110
125x125
160x160
180x180
203x223
225x259
Second Moment Of Inertia Ix
Radius Of Gyration
Zx
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm
26.9
2.14
2.03
8.57
8.97
12.9
33.2
30.0
2.12
2.01
9.56
9.99
9.07
39.2
35.5
2.08
1.98
11.4
8.35
10.6
44.3
40.3
2.04
1.95
4
7.40
9.43
68.0
61.1
2.69
5
9.09
11.6
81.1
73.1
6
10.70
13.7
92.9
8
13.80
17.6
4
8.98
5
cm
4
rx
Plastic Modulus
ry
2
Iy
Elastic Modulus
4
cm
29.9
7.41
7.12
6
3
Zy
Sx 3
3
Sy 3
J
C 4
3
2
cm
cm
m /m
12.0
48.5
15.9
39.0
14.1
13.5
54.5
17.7
34.4
11.8
16.2
16.2
65.7
20.8
28.0
13.0
13.4
17.9
18.7
75.9
23.5
23.7
2.54
15.5
16.3
23.6
21.7
109
29.0
34.0
2.65
2.51
18.7
19.5
27.6
26.3
133
34.5
27.5
84.1
2.61
2.48
21.6
22.4
31.0
30.6
155
39.4
23.2
113
103
2.53
2.42
26.6
27.4
35.9
38.3
195
47.7
17.9
11.4
121
109
3.25
3.08
22.9
24.1
35.4
31.9
193
43.1
33.7
11.10
14.1
146
131
3.21
3.05
27.8
29.1
42.0
38.8
235
51.8
27.2
6
13.10
16.7
168
152
3.18
3.02
32.3
33.7
47.7
45.4
276
59.6
22.9
8
17.00
21.6
207
188
3.10
2.95
40.4
41.8
56.8
57.5
350
73.3
17.6
4
11.10
14.1
227
203
4.01
3.79
35.0
36.9
54.9
48.4
358
66.4
33.5
5
13.70
17.5
275
247
3.97
3.76
42.7
44.9
65.8
59.3
439
80.3
27.0
6
16.30
20.7
320
288
3.93
3.73
49.9
52.3
75.7
69.8
517
93.1
22.7
8
21.20
27.0
401
362
3.86
3.66
63.2
65.8
92.2
89.2
663
116
17.3
5
15.70
20.0
412
369
4.54
4.30
55.9
59.0
87.2
77.6
651
106
26.9
6
18.60
23.0
481
431
4.50
4.26
65.6
69.0
101
91.4
769
123
22.5
8
24.30
31.0
607
546
4.42
4.20
83.6
87.4
124
118
991
155
17.2
10
29.80
38.0
717
649
4.35
4.13
99.9
104
143
142
1197
183
13.9
5
20.30
25.8
890
794
5.87
5.54
93.9
99.3
149
130
1390
179
26.7
6
24.20
30.8
1045
935
5.83
5.51
111
117
173
153
1647
210
22.3
8
31.70
40.4
1335
1198
5.75
5.45
143
150
218
199
2140
267
16.9
10
39.00
49.7
1598
1439
5.67
5.38
172
180
257
242
2606
319
13.7
6
27.30
34.8
1509
1348
6.59
6.22
142
150
224
196
2365
270
22.3
8
35.90
45.8
1938
1736
6.51
6.16
183
193
283
255
3083
345
16.9
10
44.30
56.4
2331
2095
6.43
6.09
222
233
336
311
3765
414
13.6
12
52.40
66.7
2692
2427
6.35
6.03
258
270
382
363
4413
477
11.5
6
32.60
41.5
2354
2448
7.53
7.68
196
220
299
287
3981
385
22.0
8
42.90
54.7
3037
3170
7.45
7.61
254
284
379
375
5220
497
16.7
10
53.00
67.5
3671
3849
7.37
7.55
310
345
449
459
6413
600
13.4
12
62.80
80.0
4258
4484
7.29
7.48
362
402
511
539
7559
697
11.3
6
37.20
47.4
3359
3759
8.41
8.90
251
290
383
380
5845
502
21.9
8
49.10
62.6
4350
4888
8.34
8.84
327
377
487
497
7683
650
16.6
10
60.80
77.4
5279
5957
8.26
8.77
400
460
582
611
9462
789
13.4
12
72.10
91.9
6148
6968
8.18
8.71
469
538
666
719
11180
919
11.2
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
cm
Surface Area Per Metre
Torsional Constant
N O C P I L L E
85
E L L I P C O N
86
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS
84
Hot Finished Hollow Sections
General Structural hollow sections make beautiful, efficient structures with a nice continuity. The hot finished hollow sections - square, rectangular and circular, have constant external dimension within the same serial size, and only the thickness is increasing. In other words, the same column size can be maintained throughout the full height of the building, only changing the thickness, simplifying architectural details and ensuring economy in fabrication. When used in compression, as columns, hollow sections are more efficient than other column types. The resulting reduction in structural weight can be as much as 1 storey for every 9 storeys built. Due to their high sectional properties hollow sections provide smaller column footprints than other design solutions, with increased floor area. Added together these qualities give a n efficient and economic structure. It has long been the opinion among structural people that for low-rise buildings only concrete will be economical, but with multi-storey hollow sections steel structures can compete with concrete. Steel might be more expensive per metric ton, but with the fabrication and erection time, a lighter structure, labour cost, and easy maintenance taken into account, a steel structure might give the most economic design.
Comparable specifications S
Specification
Grade
Min. Yield strength 2
Tensile strength 2
N OI
Charpy V-Notch Impact
N/mm
N/mm
Joules
°C
T C E S
JIS G 3444 ( 1994)
STK400
235
min. 400
-
-
ASTM A501 (1996)
Shapes
250
min. 400
-
-
O
43C
275
430-580
27
0
O
S275J0H
275
430-580
27
0
T
43D
27 5
430-580
27
-20
S275J2H
275
430-580
27
-20
43EE
275
430-580
27
-50
ASTM A618 (1996)
Grade I & II
345
min. 485
-
-
JIS G 3444 ( 1994)
STK500
355
min. 500
-
-
50C
355
490-640
27
0
S355J0H
355
510-680
27
0
50D
35 5
490-640
27
-20
S355J2H
355
510-680
27
-20
50EE
355
490-640
27
-50
Eqv. 50EE
360
490-630
100
-20
50
-60
BS 4360 (1986) EN 10210 (1994) BS 4360 (1986) EN 10210 (1994) BS 4360 (1986)
BS 4360 (1986) EN 10210 (1994) BS 4360 (1986) EN 10210 (1994) BS 4360 (1986) NORSEC 360 (1991)
JIS G 3444 ( 1994) BS 4360 (1986) Note:
STK540
390
min. 540
-
-
55C
450
550-700
27
0
W L L H O H
The values are for sections of thickness less than 16mm for BS 4360 and less than 3mm for EN 10025. BS 4360 (1986): an old, but well known British Standard for weldable structural steels. EN 10210-1 (1994): European Norms superseding parts of the old BS 4360, see Explanatory notes. ASTM A501 (1996): standar d from American Society for Testin g of Materials for hot formed welded and sea mless carbon steels structural tubing. ASTM A618 (1996): standard from Americ an Society for Testin g of Materials for Hot-For med welded and seamles s high-strength low-alloy structural tubing. JIS G 3444 (1994): Japanese Industrial Standard for Carbon steel tubes for general structural purposes. NORSEC 360 (1991): a steel product from British Steel for marine structures in the arctic regions.
Table 13 – H ot Finished Hollow Sections: Comparable specifications
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
87
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS
85
Product specifications Production of hot finished Structural Hollow Sections has been standardised in EN 10210:1994: "Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain structural steels" Part 1, Grades S235, S275, S355, but other grades and sub-grades can be supplied, subject to minimum order quantities . Our ex-stock material is mainly of grade S355J2H. Dimensions, tolerances and sectional properties meet the requirements of EN 10210:1997: "Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain structural steels", Part 2.
Chemical composition The chemical composition of hot finished hollow sections is given in EN 10210-1: 1994, Table A.1 and B.1. When a carbon equivalent value (CEV) is required it shall be determined from the cast analysis using the formula: CEV
=
C +
Mn
6
+
(Cr + Mo + V ) 5
+
( Ni + Cu ) 15
Mechanical properties The mechanical properties for hot finished sections in accordance with EN 102101:1994, are summarised below. Designation H
Minimum Yield strength
O
ReH in N/mm T H
2
Tensile strength Rm in N/mm
L0=5.65(S0)
Nominal thickness in mm
O
t 16
W
N/mm
N/mm
N/mm
N/mm
N/mm
O
0 16 < t 4
2
S
2
5 40 < t 6
2
t<3
3< t 65 2
1/2
Test
Impact
temp.
KV
C
J
Nominal thickness in mm
L L
Min. elongation in %
2
2
0 t 4
40
Longitudinal
0 t 4
40
Transverse
E
S235JRH
235
225
215
360-510
340-470
26
25
24
23
20
27
IO
S275J0H
275
265
255
430-580
410-560
22
21
20
19
0
27
-20
27
0
27
-20
27
C T N
S275J2H S
S355J0H
355
345
335
510-680
490-630
22
21
20
19
S355J2H
Table 14 – Hot Finished Hollow Sections: Mechanical properties
Tensile test The tensile strength, yield strength and elongation are determined from standard test pieces, which may be the full section of the product or longitudinal or transverse strip specimen. The location of strip test pieces should be away from the weld, for circular hollow sections, and midway between corners on a side not affected by the weld, for square and rectangular hollow sections. The requirements of EN 10002-1: "Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Method of test (at ambient temperature)", shall apply.
Charpy V-notch impact test The test pieces for impact testing shall be taken longitudinally or transverse from the test object. The location of strip test pieces should be away from the weld, for circular hollow sections, and midway between corners on a side not affected by the weld, for square and rectangular hollow sections. Where thickness permits, standard specimens 10x10mm in cross-section are cut longitudinally or transverse from the section and a 2mm deep V-notch accurately machined into one face. The specimens, in accordance with EN 10045-1: "Metallic
88
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS
86
materials - Charpy impact test - Test method", are tested at the required temperature according to grade. If the nominal product thickness is not sufficient for the preparation of standard test pieces (12mm), the test shall be carried out using test pieces of width less than 10mm, but not less than 5mm.
Manufacturing tolerances Hot finished structural hollow sections are manufactured according to EN 10210: 1994, Part 2, and the rolling tolerances are as shown in Table 15 below. Characteristic
Circular hollow sections
Outside dimensions (D, B, H)
±1%
Square and rectangular hollow sections
with a minimum of ±0.5mm and a maximum of ±10mm -10%
Thickness (T)
±1%
with a minimum of ±0.5mm
1) 2)
2% for hollow sections having a diameter 3) to thickness ratio not exceeding 100
-
-
1%
Squareness of side
-
90°±1°
External corner profile (C 1, 5) C2 or R)
-
Maximum 3T at each corner
Twist (V) (see drawing under)
-
2mm plus 0.5mm/m length
Out-of-roundness (O) Concavity/convexity
4)
0.2% of total length
Straightness
±6%
Mass (M)
on individual lengths
S N
6)
OI T C E
Type of length measure
Length
Tolerances
Random length
4 000 to 16 000 with a range of 2000 per order item
10% of sections supplied may be below the minimum for the ordered range, but not less than 75% of the minimum of the range
Approximate length Exact length
Notes:
4 000 to 16 000
S W O L L O H T O H
500mm
2 000 to 6 000
+10/-0 mm
6 000
+15/-0 mm
1) The positive deviation is limited by the tolerance on mass. 2) For seamless sections the tolerance for the thickness is: thickness less than 10 % but not less than 12.5% of the nominal thickness may occur in the smooth transition areas, but not over more than 22.5% of the circumference. 3) Where the diameter to thickness ratio exceeds 100mm the tolerance o n out-of-roundness shall be agreed. 4) The tolerance on concavity and c onvexity are independent of the t olerance on the outside dimensions. 5) The sides need not be tangential to the corner arcs. 6) The positive tolerance on the mass of seamless hollow sections shall be 8%.
Table 15 – Hot Finished Hollow Sections: Manufacturing tolerances
All external dimensions, including out-of-roundn ess, shall be measured at a distance from the end of the hollow section of not less than D for circular sections, B for square sections and H for rectangular sections, with a minimum of 100mm. D= diameter B= width H= height R= outer corner radius C1 and C2= see drawing under. V= see drawing under.
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
89
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS
87
The thickness T of welded sections shall be measured at a position not less than 2T from the weld.
V
Figure 7 – Twist of square or rectangular hollow sections 5 mm*
C1
T
C2 R H
B O T H O
5 mm* L L O W S E C T
B or H
* This dimension is a maximum when measuring B or H, and a minimum when measuring T. IO N S
Figure 8 – H ow to measure cross-sectional dimensions of hollow sections
Other specifications Hot finished structural hollow sections are also supplied to other international standards and National specifications, see Table 13 on first page of this chapter.
90
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS D
Circular
y
x
x t
Designation Outside Thickness Diameter D t mm 21.3 26.9 33.7
42.4
48.3
60.3
76.1
mm 2.3 3.2 2.3 3.2 2.6 2.9 3.0 3.2 4.0 5.0 2.6 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.3 8.0 2.5 2.6 2.9 3.0 3.2 4.0 5.0 6.3 8.0 2.5 2.6 3.0 3.2 4.0 5.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 2.5 2.6 3.0 3.2 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0
Mass Per Metre kg/m 1.08 1.43 1.40 1.87 1.99 2.20 2.27 2.41 2.93 3.54 2.55 2.82 2.91 3.09 3.44 3.79 4.61 5.61 6.79 2.82 2.93 3.25 3.35 3.56 4.37 5.34 6.53 7.95 3.56 3.70 4.24 4.51 5.55 6.82 8.39 10.32 12.40 4.54 4.71 5.41 5.75 7.11 8.77 10.37 10.84 13.44 16.30 18.97
Area Of Section A 2
cm 1.37 1.82 1.78 2.38 2.54 2.81 2.89 3.07 3.73 4.51 3.25 3.60 3.71 3.94 4.39 4.83 5.87 7.14 8.65 3.60 3.73 4.14 4.27 4.53 5.57 6.80 8.31 10.1 4.54 4.71 5.40 5.74 7.07 8.69 10.7 13.1 15.8 5.78 6.00 6.89 7.33 9.06 11.2 13.2 13.8 17.1 20.8 24.2
Second Moment Of Inertia I 4
cm 0.629 0.768 1.36 1.70 3.09 3.36 3.44 3.60 4.19 4.78 6.46 7.06 7.25 7.62 8.33 8.99 10.5 12.0 13.5 9.46 9.78 10.7 11.0 11.6 13.8 16.2 18.7 21.4 19.0 19.7 22.2 23.5 28.2 33.5 39.5 46.0 52.0 39.2 40.6 46.1 48.8 59.1 70.9 81.8 84.8 101 116 128
Radius Of Gyration r cm 0.677 0.650 0.874 0.846 1.10 1.09 1.09 1.08 1.06 1.03 1.41 1.40 1.40 1.39 1.38 1.36 1.33 1.30 1.25 1.62 1.62 1.61 1.61 1.60 1.57 1.54 1.50 1.45 2.05 2.04 2.03 2.02 2.00 1.96 1.92 1.87 1.81 2.60 2.60 2.59 2.58 2.55 2.52 2.49 2.48 2.42 2.36 2.31
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Z
S 3
cm 0.590 0.722 1.01 1.27 1.84 1.99 2.04 2.14 2.49 2.84 3.05 3.33 3.42 3.59 3.93 4.24 4.93 5.66 6.36 3.92 4.05 4.43 4.55 4.80 5.70 6.69 7.76 8.85 6.30 6.52 7.37 7.78 9.34 11.1 13.1 15.3 17.2 10.3 10.7 12.1 12.8 15.5 18.6 21.5 22.3 26.4 30.5 33.8
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
J 3
cm 0.834 1.06 1.40 1.81 2.52 2.76 2.84 2.99 3.55 4.16 4.12 4.53 4.67 4.93 5.44 5.92 7.04 8.29 9.64 5.25 5.44 5.99 6.17 6.52 7.87 9.42 11.2 13.2 8.36 8.66 9.86 10.4 12.7 15.3 18.5 22.1 25.6 13.5 14.1 16.0 17.0 20.8 25.3 29.6 30.8 37.3 44.0 49.9
Surface Area Per Metre
Torsional Constants C 4
cm 1.26 1.54 2.71 3.41 6.19 6.71 6.88 7.21 8.38 9.57 12.9 14.1 14.5 15.2 16.7 18.0 20.9 24.0 27.0 18.9 19.6 21.4 22.0 23.2 27.5 32.3 37.5 42.7 38.0 39.3 44.4 46.9 56.3 67.0 79.0 92.0 104 78.4 81.2 92.2 97.6 118 142 164 170 201 232 257
3
cm 1.18 1.44 2.02 2.53 3.67 3.98 4.08 4.28 4.97 5.68 6.10 6.66 6.84 7.19 7.86 8.48 9.86 11.3 12.7 7.83 8.10 8.86 9.11 9.59 11.4 13.4 15.5 17.7 12.6 13.0 14.7 15.6 18.7 22.2 26.2 30.5 34.5 20.6 21.3 24.2 25.6 31.0 37.3 43.0 44.6 52.9 61.0 67.5
2
m /m 0.0669 0.0669 0.0845 0.0845 0.106 0.106 0.106 0.106 0.106 0.106 0.133 0.133 0.133 0.133 0.133 0.133 0.133 0.133 0.133 0.152 0.152 0.152 0.152 0.152 0.152 0.152 0.152 0.152 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.239 0.239 0.239 0.239 0.239 0.239 0.239 0.239 0.239 0.239 0.239 S N OI T C E S W O L L O H T O H
91
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS D
Circular
y
x
x t
Designation Outside Thickness Diameter D t mm 88.9
101.6
114.3
139.7
H O T H O L L O W S E C T IO N S
92
mm 2.5 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 3.6 5.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0
Mass Per Metre kg/m 5.33 6.36 6.76 7.57 8.38 10.35 12.27 12.83 15.96 19.46 22.76 25.86 8.70 11.91 14.81 18.47 22.59 26.52 30.24 8.23 8.77 9.83 10.88 13.48 16.03 16.78 20.97 25.72 30.27 34.63 38.79 10.77 12.08 13.39 16.61 19.78 20.73 25.98 31.99 37.79 43.40
Area Of Section A 2
cm 6.79 8.10 8.62 9.65 10.7 13.2 15.6 16.3 20.3 24.8 29.0 32.9 11.1 15.2 18.9 23.5 28.8 33.8 38.5 10.5 11.2 12.5 13.9 17.2 20.4 21.4 26.7 32.8 38.6 44.1 49.4 13.7 15.4 17.1 21.2 25.2 26.4 33.1 40.7 48.1 55.3
Second Moment Of Inertia I 4
cm 63.4 74.8 79.2 87.9 96.3 116 135 140 168 196 220 239 133 177 215 260 305 345 379 163 172 192 211 257 300 313 379 450 511 566 613 320 357 393 481 564 589 720 862 990 1105
Radius Of Gyration r cm 3.06 3.04 3.03 3.02 3.00 2.97 2.94 2.93 2.87 2.81 2.75 2.69 3.47 3.42 3.38 3.32 3.26 3.20 3.14 3.94 3.93 3.92 3.90 3.87 3.83 3.82 3.77 3.70 3.64 3.58 3.52 4.83 4.81 4.80 4.77 4.73 4.72 4.66 4.60 4.53 4.47
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Z
S 3
cm 14.3 16.8 17.8 19.8 21.7 26.2 30.4 31.5 37.8 44.1 49.4 53.8 26.2 34.9 42.3 51.1 60.1 67.9 74.6 28.4 30.2 33.6 36.9 45.0 52.5 54.7 66.4 78.7 89.5 99.0 107 45.8 51.1 56.2 68.8 80.8 84.3 103 123 142 158
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
J 3
cm 18.7 22.1 23.5 26.2 28.9 35.2 41.3 43.1 52.5 62.6 71.5 79.5 34.6 46.7 57.3 70.3 84.2 96.9 108 37.2 39.5 44.1 48.7 59.8 70.4 73.6 90.6 109 126 142 156 59.6 66.7 73.7 90.8 107 112 139 169 196 222
Surface Area Per Metre
Torsional Constants C 4
cm 127 150 158 176 193 233 270 280 336 392 439 478 266 355 430 519 611 690 758 325 345 384 422 514 600 625 759 899 1023 1131 1225 640 713 786 961 1129 1177 1441 1724 1980 2211
3
cm 28.5 33.6 35.6 39.5 43.3 52.4 60.7 63.1 75.6 88.2 98.8 108 52.5 69.9 84.7 102 120 136 149 56.9 60.4 67.2 73.9 89.9 105 109 133 157 179 198 214 91.6 102 112 138 162 169 206 247 283 317
2
m /m 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.319 0.319 0.319 0.319 0.319 0.319 0.319 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS D
Circular
y
x
x t
Designation Outside Thickness Diameter D t mm mm 168.3 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 14.0 177.8 4.5 5.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 193.7 3.6 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 14.0 16.0 219.1 3.6 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 14.2 16.0 20.0
Mass Per Metre kg/m 13.03 14.62 16.21 18.18 20.14 24.02 25.17 31.63 39.04 46.26 48.03 53.27 19.23 21.31 26.65 33.50 41.38 49.07 56.55 16.88 23.27 27.77 29.12 36.64 45.30 53.77 55.86 62.04 70.12 19.13 26.40 31.53 33.06 41.65 51.57 61.29 63.69 71.75 80.14 98.20
Area Of Section A 2
cm 16.6 18.6 20.6 23.2 25.7 30.6 32.1 40.3 49.7 58.9 61.2 67.9 24.5 27.1 33.9 42.7 52.7 62.5 72.0 21.5 29.6 35.4 37.1 46.7 57.7 68.5 71.2 79.0 89.3 24.4 33.6 40.2 42.1 53.1 65.7 78.1 81.1 91.4 102 125
Second Moment Of Inertia I 4
cm 566 632 697 777 856 1009 1053 1297 1564 1810 1868 2036 920 1014 1250 1541 1862 2159 2434 972 1320 1560 1630 2016 2442 2839 2934 3210 3554 1415 1928 2282 2386 2960 3598 4200 4345 4820 5297 6261
Radius Of Gyration r cm 5.84 5.82 5.81 5.79 5.78 5.74 5.73 5.67 5.61 5.54 5.53 5.48 6.13 6.11 6.07 6.01 5.94 5.88 5.81 6.72 6.67 6.64 6.63 6.57 6.50 6.44 6.42 6.37 6.31 7.62 7.57 7.54 7.53 7.47 7.40 7.33 7.32 7.26 7.20 7.07
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Z
S 3
cm 67.2 75.1 82.8 92.4 102 120 125 154 186 215 222 242 104 114 141 173 209 243 274 100 136 161 168 208 252 293 303 331 367 129 176 208 218 270 328 383 397 440 483 572
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
J 3
cm 87.2 97.7 108 121 133 158 165 206 251 294 304 334 135 149 185 231 282 330 377 130 178 211 221 276 338 397 411 453 507 167 229 273 285 357 438 515 534 597 661 795
Surface Area Per Metre
Torsional Constants C 4
cm 1131 1264 1394 1554 1712 2017 2107 2595 3128 3620 3737 4073 1841 2028 2499 3083 3724 4318 4868 1943 2640 3119 3260 4031 4883 5678 5869 6419 7109 2830 3856 4564 4772 5919 7197 8400 8689 9640 10590 12520
3
cm 134 150 166 185 203 240 250 308 372 430 444 484 207 228 281 347 419 486 548 201 273 322 337 416 504 586 606 663 734 258 352 417 436 540 657 767 793 880 967 1143
2
m /m 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.559 0.559 0.559 0.559 0.559 0.559 0.559 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 S N OI T C E S W O L L O H T O H
93
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS D
Circular
y
x
x t
Designation Outside Thickness Diameter D t mm 244.5
273
H O T
323.9
355.6
H O L L O W S E C T IO N S
94
mm 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 14.0 14.2 16.0 20.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 14.0 14.2 16.0 20.0 25.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 14.0 14.2 16.0 20.0 25.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 14.0 14.2 16.0 20.0 25.0
Mass Per Metre kg/m 29.53 35.29 37.01 46.66 57.83 68.81 71.52 79.58 80.65 90.16 110.73 33.05 39.51 41.44 52.28 64.86 77.24 80.30 89.42 90.63 101.41 124.79 152.90 39.32 47.04 49.34 62.32 77.41 92.30 95.99 107.00 108.45 121.49 149.89 184.28 51.73 54.27 68.58 85.23 101.68 105.77 117.94 119.56 134.00 165.53 203.83
Area Of Section A 2
cm 37.6 45.0 47.1 59.4 73.7 87.7 91.1 101 103 115 141 42.1 50.3 52.8 66.6 82.6 98.4 102 114 115 129 159 195 50.1 59.9 62.9 79.4 98.6 118 122 136 138 155 191 235 65.9 69.1 87.4 109 130 135 150 152 171 211 260
Second Moment Of Inertia I 4
cm 2699 3199 3346 4160 5073 5938 6147 6758 6837 7533 8957 3781 4487 4696 5852 7154 8396 8697 9580 9695 10710 12800 15130 6369 7572 7929 9910 12160 14320 14850 16400 16600 18390 22140 26400 10070 10550 13200 16220 19140 19850 21950 22230 24660 29790 35680
Radius Of Gyration r cm 8.47 8.43 8.42 8.37 8.30 8.23 8.21 8.16 8.16 8.10 7.97 9.48 9.44 9.43 9.37 9.31 9.24 9.22 9.17 9.16 9.10 8.97 8.81 11.3 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.1 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 10.9 10.8 10.6 12.4 12.4 12.3 12.2 12.2 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.0 11.9 11.7
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Z
S 3
cm 221 262 274 340 415 486 503 553 559 616 733 277 329 344 429 524 615 637 702 710 784 938 1108 393 468 490 612 751 884 917 1012 1025 1136 1367 1630 566 593 742 912 1076 1117 1235 1250 1387 1676 2007
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
J 3
cm 287 341 358 448 550 649 673 745 754 837 1011 359 428 448 562 692 818 849 940 952 1058 1283 1543 509 606 636 799 986 1168 1213 1345 1363 1518 1850 2239 733 769 967 1195 1417 1472 1635 1656 1847 2255 2738
Surface Area Per Metre
Torsional Constants C 4
cm 5397 6397 6692 8321 10150 11880 12300 13520 13670 15070 17910 7562 8974 9392 11700 14310 16790 17400 19160 19390 21410 25600 30250 12740 15150 15860 19820 24320 28640 29690 32790 33200 36780 44280 52800 20140 21090 26400 32450 38280 39700 43900 44460 49330 59580 71350
3
cm 441 523 547 681 830 972 1006 1106 1119 1232 1465 554 657 688 857 1048 1230 1274 1404 1421 1569 1875 2216 787 935 979 1224 1501 1768 1833 2025 2050 2271 2734 3260 1133 1186 1485 1825 2153 2233 2469 2500 2774 3351 4013
2
m /m 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS D
Circular
y
x
x t
Designation Outside Thickness Diameter D t mm mm 406.4 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 14.0 14.2 16.0 20.0 25.0 32.0 457 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 14.2 16.0 20.0 25.0 32.0 40.0 508 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 14.2 16.0 20.0 25.0 32.0 40.0 50.0
Mass Per Metre kg/m 59.25 62.16 78.60 97.76 116.72 121.43 135.48 137.35 154.05 190.58 235.15 295.46 70.02 88.58 110.24 131.69 137.03 155.07 174.01 215.54 266.34 335.40 411.35 77.95 98.65 122.81 146.79 152.75 172.93 194.14 240.70 297.79 375.64 461.66 564.75
Area Of Section A 2
cm 75.5 79.2 100 125 149 155 173 175 196 243 300 376 89.2 113 140 168 175 198 222 275 339 427 524 99.3 126 156 187 195 220 247 307 379 479 588 719
Second Moment Of Inertia I 4
cm 15130 15850 19870 24480 28940 30030 33260 33690 37450 45430 54700 66430 22650 28450 35090 41560 43150 48460 53960 65680 79420 97010 114900 31250 39280 48520 57540 59760 67200 74910 91430 110900 136100 162200 190900
Radius Of Gyration r cm 14.2 14.1 14.1 14.0 14.0 13.9 13.9 13.9 13.8 13.7 13.5 13.3 15.9 15.9 15.8 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.6 15.5 15.3 15.1 14.8 17.7 17.7 17.6 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.4 17.3 17.1 16.9 16.6 16.3
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Z
S 3
cm 745 780 978 1205 1424 1478 1637 1658 1843 2236 2692 3269 991 1245 1536 1819 1888 2121 2361 2874 3475 4246 5031 1230 1546 1910 2265 2353 2646 2949 3600 4367 5360 6385 7515
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
J 3
cm 962 1009 1270 1572 1867 1940 2157 2185 2440 2989 3642 4497 1280 1613 1998 2377 2470 2785 3113 3822 4671 5791 6977 1586 2000 2480 2953 3070 3463 3874 4766 5837 7261 8782 10530
Surface Area Per Metre
Torsional Constants C 4
cm 30260 31700 39750 48950 57870 60060 66520 67370 74900 90860 109400 132900 45310 56890 70180 83110 86290 96930 107900 131400 158800 194000 229900 62490 78560 97040 115100 119500 134400 149800 182900 221800 272300 324400 381800
3
cm 1489 1560 1956 2409 2848 2956 3274 3315 3686 4472 5384 6539 1983 2490 3071 3637 3776 4242 4723 5749 6951 8491 10060 2460 3093 3820 4530 4705 5291 5898 7199 8734 10720 12770 15030
2
m /m 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 S N OI T C E S W O L L O H T O H
95
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS D y
Square
x
x
D
t
Designation Size Thickness DxD
t
mm
mm
kg/m
20x20
2 2.5 2 2.5 3 3.2 2.5 3 3.2 4 6 2.5 3 3.2 4 5 4 5 2.5 3 3.2 4 5 6 6.3 8 10 3 3.2 4 5 6 6.3 8 10 3 3.6 5 6 6.3 8 3.2 4 5 6 6.3 8 10
1.12 1.35 1.41 1.74 2.00 2.15 2.14 2.47 2.65 3.76 5.16 2.92 3.45 3.66 4.46 5.40 5.01 6.07 3.71 4.39 4.66 5.72 6.97 8.15 8.49 10.31 11.70 5.39 5.67 6.97 8.54 10.00 10.50 12.80 14.90 6.28 7.46 10.10 11.90 12.50 15.30 7.25 8.93 11.00 12.90 13.50 16.60 19.60
25x25
30x30
35x35 40x40
45x45 50x50
H O T H O L L O W
60x60 S E C T IO N S
70x70
75x75
96
Mass Per Metre
Area Of Section A 2
cm 1.40 1.68 1.80 2.18 2.54 2.68 2.68 3.14 3.32 4.79 6.57 3.68 4.34 4.60 5.59 6.73 6.39 7.73 4.68 5.54 5.88 7.19 8.73 10.2 10.6 12.7 14.9 6.74 7.16 8.79 10.7 12.6 13.1 16.0 18.9 7.94 9.42 12.7 15.0 15.6 19.2 9.08 11.2 13.7 16.2 16.9 20.8 24.9
Second Moment Of Area I 4
cm 0.739 0.835 1.56 1.81 2.00 2.06 3.33 3.74 3.89 7.48 8.81 8.54 9.78 10.2 11.8 13.4 17.6 20.1 17.5 20.2 21.2 25.0 28.9 32.0 32.8 35.2 37.6 36.2 38.2 45.4 53.3 59.9 61.6 69.7 75.5 59.0 68.6 88.5 101 104 120 77.5 93.2 111 126 131 152 170
Radius Of Gyration r cm 0.727 0.705 0.932 0.909 0.886 0.877 1.11 1.09 1.08 1.25 1.16 1.52 1.50 1.49 1.45 1.41 1.66 1.61 1.93 1.91 1.90 1.86 1.82 1.77 1.76 1.7 1.59 2.32 2.31 2.27 2.23 2.18 2.17 2.09 2.00 2.73 2.70 2.64 2.59 2.58 2.50 2.92 2.89 2.84 2.80 2.78 2.71 2.61
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Z
S 3
cm 0.739 0.835 1.25 1.44 1.60 1.65 2.22 2.50 2.59 4.28 5.03 4.27 4.89 5.11 5.91 6.68 7.82 8.95 6.99 8.08 8.49 9.99 11.6 12.8 13.1 14.1 15.0 12.1 12.7 15.1 17.8 20.0 20.5 23.2 25.2 16.9 19.6 25.3 28.7 29.7 34.2 20.7 24.8 29.6 33.7 34.9 40.5 45.4
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Torsional Constants J
3
cm 0.930 1.08 1.53 1.82 2.06 2.15 2.74 3.14 3.29 5.47 6.91 5.14 5.97 6.28 7.44 8.66 9.71 11.41 8.29 9.70 10.2 12.3 14.5 16.5 17.0 19.2 21.4 14.3 15.2 18.3 21.9 25.1 26.0 30.4 34.4 19.9 23.3 30.8 35.5 36.9 43.8 24.3 29.6 35.8 41.4 43.0 51.3 59.4
Surface Area Per Metre C
4
cm 1.22 1.41 2.52 2.97 3.35 3.48 5.40 6.16 6.44 12.5 15.4 13.6 15.7 16.5 19.5 22.5 28.7 33.5 27.5 32.1 33.8 40.4 47.6 53.6 55.2 60.9 66.7 56.9 60.2 72.5 86.4 98.6 102 118 131 92 108 142 163 169 200 121 147 177 204 212 252 289
3
cm 1.07 1.20 1.81 2.08 2.30 2.37 3.22 3.60 3.74 6.16 7.19 6.22 7.10 7.42 8.54 9.60 11.3 12.9 10.2 11.8 12.4 14.5 16.7 18.4 18.8 20.1 21.4 17.7 18.6 22.0 25.7 28.8 29.6 33.4 36.0 24.8 28.7 36.8 41.6 42.9 49.2 30.3 36.3 43.0 48.9 50.5 58.4 65.1
2
m /m 0.0748 0.0736 0.0948 0.0936 0.0923 0.0918 0.114 0.112 0.112 0.130 0.125 0.154 0.152 0.152 0.150 0.147 0.170 0.167 0.194 0.192 0.192 0.190 0.187 0.185 0.184 0.179 0.174 0.232 0.232 0.230 0.227 0.225 0.224 0.219 0.214 0.272 0.271 0.267 0.265 0.264 0.259 0.292 0.290 0.287 0.285 0.284 0.279 0.274
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS D y
Square
x
x
D
t y
Designation Size Thickness DxD
Mass Per Metre
t
mm
mm
kg/m
80x80
3 3.6 5 6 6.3 8 10 3.6 5 6 6.3 8 10 4 5 6 6.3 8 10 12 5 6 6.3 8 10 12.5 5 6 8 10 12.5 5 6 6.3 8 10 12.5 16 12.5 16 6 6.3 8 10 12.5 16
7.18 8.59 11.70 13.80 14.40 17.80 21.10 9.72 13.30 15.70 16.40 20.40 24.30 12.00 14.80 17.60 18.40 22.90 27.90 31.90 18.00 21.30 22.30 27.90 34.20 41.60 21.10 25.10 32.90 40.40 49.50 22.70 27.00 28.30 35.40 43.60 52.40 66.40 57.30 70.20 32.60 34.20 43.00 53.00 65.20 81.40
90x90
100x100
120x120
140x140
150x150
160x160 180x180
+
Area Of Section A 2
cm 9.14 10.9 14.7 17.4 18.1 22.4 26.9 12.3 16.7 19.8 20.7 25.6 30.9 15.2 18.7 22.2 23.2 28.8 34.9 40.7 22.7 27.0 28.2 35.2 42.9 52.1 26.7 31.8 41.6 50.9 62.1 28.7 34.2 35.8 44.8 54.9 67.1 83.0 72.1 89.4 41.4 43.3 54.4 66.9 82.1 102
Second Moment Of Area I 4
cm 89.8 105 137 156 162 189 214 152 200 230 238 281 322 232 279 323 336 400 462 512 498 579 603 726 852 982 807 944 1195 1416 1653 1002 1174 1223 1491 1773 2080 2430 2576 3028 2077 2168 2661 3193 3790 4504
Radius Of Gyration r cm 3.13 3.11 3.05 3.00 2.99 2.91 2.82 3.52 3.45 3.41 3.40 3.32 3.23 3.91 3.86 3.82 3.80 3.73 3.64 3.55 4.68 4.63 4.62 4.55 4.46 4.34 5.50 5.45 5.36 5.27 5.16 5.90 5.86 5.85 5.77 5.68 5.57 5.41 5.98 5.82 7.09 7.07 7.00 6.91 6.80 6.64
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Z
S 3
cm 22.5 26.2 34.2 39.1 40.5 47.3 53.5 33.8 44.4 51.1 53.0 62.6 71.6 46.4 55.9 64.6 67.1 79.9 92.4 102.0 83.0 96.6 100 121 142 164 115 135 171 202 236 134 156 163 199 236 277 324 322 379 231 241 296 355 421 500
Torsional Constants J
3
cm 26.3 31.0 41.1 47.8 49.7 59.5 69.3 39.7 53.0 61.8 64.3 77.6 91.3 54.4 66.4 77.6 80.9 98.2 116 132 97.6 115 120 146 175 207 135 159 204 246 293 156 184 192 237 286 342 411 395 476 269 281 349 424 511 621
Surface Area Per Metre C
4
cm 140 164 217 252 262 312 360 237 316 367 382 459 536 361 439 513 534 646 761 858 777 911 950 1160 1382 1623 1253 1475 1892 2272 2696 1550 1828 1909 2351 2832 3375 4026 4158 4988 3215 3361 4162 5048 6070 7343
3
cm 33.0 38.5 49.8 56.8 58.7 68.3 76.8 49.7 64.8 74.3 77.0 90.5 103.0 68.2 81.8 94.3 97.8 116 133 147 122 141 147 176 206 236 170 198 249 294 342 197 230 240 291 344 402 467 467 546 340 355 434 518 613 724
2
m /m 0.312 0.311 0.307 0.305 0.304 0.299 0.294 0.351 0.347 0.345 0.344 0.339 0.334 0.390 0.387 0.385 0.384 0.379 0.374 0.369 0.467 0.465 0.464 0.459 0.454 0.448 0.547 0.545 0.539 0.534 0.528 0.587 0.585 0.584 0.579 0.574 0.568 0.559 0.608 0.599 0.705 0.704 0.699 0.694 0.688 0.679 S N OI T C E S W O L L O H T O H
+ Seamless process
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
97
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS D y
Square
x
x
D
t y
Designation Size Thickness DxD
mm
kg/m
200x200
5 6 6.3 8 10 12.5 16 5 6 8 10 12 14 6 6.3 8 10 12.5 16 6 6.3 8 10 12 12.5 14 14.2 16 6 6.3 8 9 10 12 12.5 16 6 8 10 12 12.5 14 14.2 16 19 22 25
30.50 36.40 38.20 48.00 59.30 73.00 91.50 33.50 40.00 52.70 65.10 77.20 88.90 45.80 48.10 60.50 75.00 92.60 117.00 47.60 49.90 62.80 77.70 92.20 95.80 106.00 108.00 120.00 55.10 57.95 73.10 81.93 90.70 107.97 112.00 142.00 64.50 85.70 106.00 127.00 132.00 146.00 148.00 167.00 190.00 217.00 242.00
250x250
260x260
H O T H O L L O W E
300x300 C T IO N S
350x350
98
t
mm
220x220
S
Mass Per Metre
Area Of Section A 2
cm 38.7 46.2 48.4 60.8 74.9 92.1 115 42.7 51.0 67.2 82.9 98.3 113 58.2 61.0 76.8 94.9 117 147 60.6 63.5 80.0 98.9 117 122 136 137 153 70 73.6 92.8 104 115 137 142 179 82.2 109 135 161 167 186 189 211 248 283 318
Second Moment Of Area I 4
cm 2445 2883 3011 3709 4471 5336 6394 3281 3875 5002 6050 7023 7922 5752 6014 7455 9055 10920 13270 6491 6788 8423 10240 11950 12370 13560 13710 15060 10080 10550 13130 14600 16030 18780 19440 23850 16170 21130 25880 30440 31540 34790 35210 38940 44820 50270 55320
Radius Of Gyration r cm 7.95 7.90 7.89 7.81 7.72 7.61 7.46 8.76 8.72 8.63 8.54 8.45 8.36 9.94 9.93 9.86 9.77 9.66 9.50 10.4 10.3 10.3 10.2 10.1 10.1 10.0 9.99 9.91 12.0 12.0 11.9 11.9 11.8 11.7 11.7 11.5 14.0 13.9 13.9 13.8 13.7 13.7 13.7 13.6 13.5 13.3 13.2
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Z
S 3
cm 245 288 301 371 447 534 639 298 352 455 550 638 720 460 481 596 724 873 1061 499 522 648 788 920 951 1043 1055 1159 672 703 875 973 1068 1252 1296 1590 924 1207 1479 1739 1802 1988 2012 2225 2561 2873 3161
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Torsional Constants J
3
cm 283 335 350 436 531 643 785 344 408 532 650 762 868 531 556 694 851 1037 1280 576 603 753 924 1087 1127 1244 1259 1394 772 809 1013 1130 1246 1470 1525 1895 1058 1392 1715 2030 2107 2334 2364 2630 3055 3460 3845
Surface Area Per Metre C
4
cm 3756 4449 4653 5778 7031 8491 10340 5028 5963 7765 9473 11090 12620 8825 9238 11530 14110 17160 21140 9951 10420 13010 15930 18730 19410 21400 21660 23940 15407 16140 20190 22520 24810 29250 30330 37620 24650 32380 39890 47150 48930 54190 54880 60990 70760 80010 88750
3
cm 362 426 444 545 655 778 927 442 521 669 807 933 1049 681 712 880 1065 1279 1546 740 773 956 1159 1348 1394 1525 1542 1689 997 1043 1294 1437 1575 1840 1904 2325 1373 1789 2185 2563 2654 2922 2957 3264 3744 4187 4595
2
m /m 0.787 0.785 0.784 0.779 0.774 0.768 0.759 0.867 0.865 0.859 0.854 0.849 0.844 0.985 0.984 0.979 0.974 0.968 0.959 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.16 1.38 1.38 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.36 1.36 1.36 1.35 1.34 1.34
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS D y
Square
x
x
D
t y
Designation Size Thickness DxD
Mass Per Metre
t
mm
mm
kg/m
400x400
8 10 12 12.5 14 14.2 16 20 22 25 12 16 19 22 25 28 32 12 16 19 22 25 28 32 36 16 19 22 25 28 32 36 40 25 28 32 36 40 25 28 32 36 40
97.90 122.00 145.00 152.00 168.00 170.00 192.00 237.00 251.00 282.00 162.00 213.00 250.00 286.00 321.00 355.00 399.00 181.00 238.00 280.00 320.00 360.00 399.00 450.00 498.00 263.00 309.00 355.00 399.00 443.00 500.00 555.00 608.00 439.00 487.00 550.00 611.00 671.00 517.00 575.00 651.00 724.00 797.00
450x450
500x500
550x550
600x600
700x700
#
Area Of Section A 2
cm 125 155 185 192 214 217 243 300 327 368 209 275 324 371 418 464 524 233 307 362 415 468 520 588 654 339 400 459 518 576 652 726 799 568 632 716 798 879 668 744 844 942 1039
Second Moment Of Area I 4
cm 31860 39130 46130 47840 52870 53530 59340 71540 77260 85380 66460 85860 99540 112500 124700 136300 150700 92030 119300 138600 157100 174600 191300 212300 231700 160400 186800 212100 236300 259500 288700 316100 341800 311100 342100 381600 418800 453900 504700 556600 623100 686500 746900
Radius Of Gyration r cm 16.0 15.9 15.8 15.8 15.7 15.7 15.6 15.4 15.4 15.2 17.8 17.7 17.5 17.4 17.3 17.1 17.0 19.89 19.71 19.58 19.44 19.31 19.18 19.00 18.82 21.75 21.62 21.49 21.35 21.22 21.04 20.86 20.68 23.40 23.26 23.08 22.91 22.73 27.48 27.35 27.17 26.99 26.81
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Z
S 3
cm 1593 1956 2306 2392 2643 2676 2967 3577 3863 4269 2954 3816 4424 5000 5544 6058 6696 3681 4771 5545 6283 6986 7653 8491 9269 5833 6793 7714 8594 9436 10500 11500 12430 10370 11410 12720 13960 15130 14420 15900 17800 19610 21340
Torsional Constants J
3
cm 1830 2260 2679 2782 3087 3127 3484 4247 4612 5141 3419 4459 5208 5929 6624 7292 8143 4248 5554 6498 7411 8295 9149 10242 11283 6769 7930 9058 10150 11220 12580 13890 15140 12200 13490 15160 16770 18310 16850 18670 21040 23330 25540
Surface Area Per Metre C
4
cm 48700 60090 71180 73910 81960 83030 92440 112500 122100 135900 102200 133200 155400 176700 197200 216800 241700 141200 184400 215500 245600 274600 302600 338200 372000 247300 289500 330400 370100 408400 457500 504400 549000 485300 536300 601900 664900 725100 782900 867000 975800 1081000 1182000
3
cm 2363 2895 3405 3530 3894 3942 4362 5237 5646 6223 4368 5620 6497 7324 8101 8832 9735 5451 7038 8159 9222 10230 11180 12370 13470 8616 10010 11340 12610 13810 15330 16740 18060 15230 16720 18600 20370 22030 21240 23380 26110 28700 31160
2
m /m 1.58 1.57 1.57 1.57 1.56 1.56 1.56 1.55 1.54 1.54 1.77 1.76 1.75 1.74 1.74 1.73 1.72 1.97 1.96 1.95 1.94 1.94 1.93 1.92 1.91 2.16 2.15 2.14 2.14 2.13 2.12 2.11 2.10 2.34 2.33 2.32 2.31 2.30 2.74 2.73 2.72 2.71 2.70 S N OI T C E S W O L L O H T O H
# Grade S355J2H only S.A.W process
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
99
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS B y
Rectangular D
x
x t y
Designation Size Thickness
DxB
t
mm 50x25
mm 2.5 3 3.2 4 2.5 3 3.2 4 5 2.5 3 3.2 4 5 6 6.3 8 3 3.2 4 5 6 6.3 8 10 3 4 5 6 8 10 3 3.2 3.6 4 5 6 6.3 8 10 3 3.2 4 5 6 6.3 8 10
50x30
60x40
80x40
H O T H O L L O
80x50 W S E C T IO N S
90x50
100x50
100
Mass Per Metre
Area Of Section
A kg/m 2.72 3.22 3.41 4.07 2.92 3.45 3.66 4.46 5.40 3.71 4.39 4.66 5.72 6.97 8.15 8.49 10.00 5.34 5.67 6.97 8.54 10.00 10.50 12.80 14.90 5.81 7.53 9.33 11.00 14.11 16.40 6.28 6.63 7.46 8.15 10.10 11.90 12.50 15.30 18.00 6.75 7.18 8.86 10.90 12.90 13.40 16.60 19.60
2
cm 3.43 4.04 4.28 5.19 3.68 4.34 4.60 5.59 6.73 4.68 5.54 5.88 7.19 8.73 10.2 10.6 12.8 6.74 7.16 8.79 10.7 12.6 13.1 16.0 18.9 7.34 9.59 11.7 13.8 17.6 20.9 7.94 8.44 9.42 10.4 12.7 15.0 15.6 19.2 22.9 8.54 9.08 11.2 13.7 16.2 16.9 20.8 24.9
Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y 4
cm 10.4 11.9 12.5 14.4 11.8 13.6 14.2 16.5 18.7 22.8 26.5 27.8 32.8 38.1 42.3 43.4 47.9 54.2 57.2 68.2 80.3 90.5 93.3 106 115 63.1 79.8 94.4 107 127 140 84.4 89.1 98.3 107 127 145 150 174 194 110 116 140 167 190 197 230 259
4
cm 3.39 3.83 3.98 4.48 5.22 5.94 6.20 7.08 7.89 12.1 13.9 14.6 17.0 19.5 21.4 21.9 23.7 18.0 18.9 22.2 25.7 28.5 29.2 32.1 33.7 30.2 37.7 44.1 49.5 57.4 62.1 33.5 35.3 38.7 41.9 49.2 55.4 57.0 64.6 70.2 36.8 38.8 46.2 54.3 61.2 63.0 71.7 78.4
Radius Of Gyration Axis x-x
Axis y-y
cm 1.74 1.72 1.71 1.66 1.79 1.77 1.76 1.72 1.67 2.21 2.18 2.18 2.14 2.09 2.04 2.02 1.94 2.84 2.83 2.79 2.74 2.68 2.67 2.58 2.47 2.93 2.88 2.84 2.79 2.69 2.59 3.26 3.25 3.23 3.21 3.16 3.11 3.10 3.01 2.91 3.58 3.57 3.53 3.48 3.43 3.42 3.33 3.22
cm 0.994 0.973 0.964 0.929 1.19 1.17 1.16 1.13 1.08 1.60 1.58 1.57 1.54 1.50 1.45 1.44 1.36 1.63 1.63 1.59 1.55 1.50 1.49 1.42 1.33 2.03 1.98 1.94 1.90 1.81 1.72 2.05 2.04 2.03 2.01 1.97 1.92 1.91 1.84 1.75 2.08 2.07 2.03 1.99 1.95 1.93 1.86 1.77
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
3
3
3
3
cm 4.16 4.76 4.98 5.75 4.73 5.43 5.68 6.60 7.49 7.61 8.82 9.27 10.9 12.7 14.1 14.5 16.0 13.6 14.3 17.1 20.1 22.6 23.3 26.5 28.8 15.8 19.9 23.6 26.8 31.7 35.0 18.8 19.8 21.8 23.8 28.3 32.2 33.3 38.6 43.0 21.9 23.2 27.9 33.3 38.1 39.4 46.0 51.8
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
cm 2.71 3.06 3.18 3.59 3.48 3.96 4.13 4.72 5.26 6.03 6.95 7.29 8.52 9.77 10.7 11.0 11.9 9.00 9.46 11.1 12.9 14.2 14.6 16.1 16.9 12.1 15.1 17.7 19.8 23.0 24.8 13.4 14.1 15.5 16.8 19.7 22.1 22.8 25.8 28.1 14.7 15.5 18.5 21.7 24.5 25.2 28.7 31.4
cm 5.33 6.18 6.50 7.67 5.92 6.88 7.25 8.59 10.0 9.32 10.9 11.5 13.8 16.4 18.6 19.2 22.1 17.1 18.0 21.8 26.1 30.0 31.1 36.5 41.3 19.4 24.9 29.9 34.4 42.2 48.3 23.2 24.6 27.2 29.8 36.0 41.6 43.2 51.4 59.3 27.3 28.9 35.2 42.6 49.4 51.3 61.4 71.2
cm 3.22 3.71 3.89 4.54 4.11 4.76 5.00 5.88 6.80 7.02 8.19 8.64 10.3 12.2 13.7 14.2 16.1 10.4 11.0 13.2 15.7 17.8 18.4 21.2 23.5 13.9 17.8 21.3 24.4 29.6 33.4 15.3 16.2 18.0 19.6 23.5 27.0 28.0 32.9 37.4 16.8 17.7 21.5 25.8 29.7 30.8 36.3 41.4
Torsional Constants
J
Surface Area Per Metre
C 4
cm 8.42 9.64 10.1 11.6 11.7 13.5 14.2 16.6 19.0 25.1 29.2 30.8 36.7 43.0 48.2 49.5 55.4 43.8 46.2 55.2 65.1 73.4 75.6 85.8 92.5 64.8 82.6 98.4 112 135 150 76.5 80.9 89.4 97.5 116 133 138 160 179 88.4 93.4 113 135 154 160 186 209
3
cm 4.61 5.20 5.41 6.11 5.73 6.51 6.80 7.77 8.67 9.73 11.2 11.7 13.7 15.7 17.3 17.6 19.2 15.3 16.1 18.9 21.9 24.2 24.8 27.4 28.9 19.7 24.6 28.8 32.3 37.5 40.6 22.4 23.6 25.9 28.0 32.9 37.0 38.1 43.2 47.1 25.0 26.4 31.4 36.9 41.6 42.9 48.9 53.6
2
m /m 0.144 0.142 0.142 0.140 0.154 0.152 0.152 0.150 0.147 0.194 0.192 0.192 0.190 0.187 0.185 0.184 0.179 0.232 0.232 0.230 0.227 0.225 0.224 0.219 0.214 0.252 0.250 0.247 0.245 0.239 0.234 0.272 0.272 0.271 0.270 0.267 0.265 0.264 0.259 0.254 0.292 0.292 0.290 0.287 0.285 0.284 0.279 0.274
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS B y
Rectangular D
x
x t y
Designation Size Thickness
Mass Per Metre
DxB
t
mm
mm
kg/m
3 3.6 5 6 6.3 8 3.6 4 5 6 6.3 8 10 5 6 6.3 8 10 5 6 6.3 8 10 12 12.5 4.5 5 6 6.3 8 10 12 12.5 5 6 6.3 8 10 12 12.5 16 5 6.3 8 10 12.5 16
7.22 8.59 11.70 13.80 14.40 17.80 9.72 10.70 13.30 15.70 16.40 20.40 24.30 14.80 17.60 18.40 22.90 27.90 18.70 22.30 23.30 29.10 35.70 41.40 42.80 16.24 18.00 21.30 22.30 27.90 34.20 39.50 41.60 22.70 27.00 28.30 35.40 43.60 50.80 53.40 66.40 24.1 30.1 37.6 46.3 55.7 71.38
100x60
120x60
120x80
150x100
160x80
200x100
200x120
Area Of Section
A
+
2
cm 9.14 10.9 14.7 17.4 18.1 22.4 12.3 13.6 16.7 19.8 20.7 25.6 30.9 18.7 22.2 23.2 28.8 34.9 23.7 28.2 29.5 36.8 44.9 52.7 54.6 20.6 22.7 27.0 28.2 35.2 42.9 50.3 52.1 28.7 34.2 35.8 44.8 54.9 64.7 67.1 83.0 30.7 38.3 48.0 58.9 71.7 89.4
Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y 4
cm 124 145 189 217 225 264 227 249 299 345 358 425 488 365 423 440 525 609 739 862 898 1087 1282 1450 1488 679 744 868 903 1091 1284 1449 1485 1495 1754 1829 2234 2664 3047 3136 3678 1690 2070 2530 3030 3468 4221
4
cm 55.7 64.8 83.6 95.0 98.1 113 76.3 83.1 98.8 113 116 135 152 193 222 230 273 313 392 456 474 569 665 745 763 229 249 288 299 356 411 455 465 505 589 613 739 869 979 1004 1147 762 929 1130 1340 1524 1813
Radius Of Gyration Axis x-x
Axis y-y
cm
cm
3.68 3.65 3.58 3.53 3.52 3.44 4.30 4.28 4.23 4.18 4.16 4.08 3.97 4.42 4.37 4.36 4.27 4.18 5.58 5.53 5.52 5.44 5.34 5.25 5.22 5.75 5.72 5.67 5.66 5.57 5.47 5.37 5.34 7.21 7.16 7.15 7.06 6.96 6.86 6.84 6.66 7.40 7.34 7.26 7.17 6.99 6.87
2.47 2.44 2.38 2.34 2.33 2.25 2.49 2.47 2.43 2.39 2.37 2.30 2.21 3.21 3.17 3.15 3.08 2.99 4.07 4.02 4.01 3.94 3.85 3.76 3.74 3.33 3.31 3.27 3.26 3.18 3.10 3.01 2.99 4.19 4.15 4.14 4.06 3.98 3.89 3.87 3.72 4.98 4.92 4.85 4.76 4.63 4.50
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
3
3
3
3
cm 24.7 28.9 37.8 43.4 45.0 52.8 37.9 41.5 49.9 57.5 59.7 70.8 81.4 60.9 70.6 73.3 87.5 102 98.5 115 120 145 171 193 198 84.9 93.0 108 113 136 161 181 186 149 175 183 223 266 305 314 368 168 207 253 303 347 422
cm 18.6 21.6 27.9 31.7 32.7 37.8 25.4 27.7 32.9 37.5 38.8 45.0 50.5 48.2 55.6 57.6 68.1 78.1 78.5 91.2 94.8 114 133 149 153 57.1 62.3 72.0 74.8 89.0 103 114 116 101 118 123 148 174 196 201 229 127 155 188 223 254 302
cm 30.2 35.6 47.4 55.1 57.3 68.7 47.2 51.9 63.1 73.6 76.7 92.7 109.2 74.6 87.3 91.0 111 131 119 141 147 180 216 249 256 106 116 136 142 175 209 240 247 185 218 228 282 341 395 408 491 205 253 313 379 444 550
cm 21.2 24.9 32.9 38.1 39.5 47.1 28.9 31.7 38.4 44.5 46.3 55.4 64.4 56.1 65.5 68.2 82.6 97.3 90.1 106 110 135 161 185 190 64.8 71.1 83.3 86.8 106 125 142 146 114 134 140 172 206 237 245 290 144 177 218 263 308 377
Torsional Constants
J
Surface Area Per Metre
C 4
cm 121 142 188 216 224 265 183 201 242 279 290 344 396 401 468 487 587 688 807 946 986 1203 1432 1633 1679 547 600 701 730 883 1041 1175 1204 1204 1414 1475 1804 2156 2469 2541 2982 1650 2030 2490 3000 3568 4247
3
cm 30.7 35.6 45.9 52.1 53.8 62.2 43.3 47.1 56.0 63.8 65.9 76.6 86.1 77.9 89.6 92.9 110 126 127 147 153 183 214 240 246 97.2 106 122 127 151 175 194 198 172 200 208 251 295 333 341 391 210 255 310 367 426 497
2
m /m 0.312 0.311 0.307 0.305 0.304 0.299 0.351 0.350 0.347 0.345 0.344 0.339 0.334 0.387 0.385 0.384 0.379 0.374 0.487 0.485 0.484 0.479 0.474 0.469 0.468 0.468 0.467 0.465 0.464 0.459 0.454 0.449 0.448 0.587 0.585 0.584 0.579 0.574 0.569 0.568 0.559 0.627 0.624 0.619 0.614 0.608 0.599 S N OI T C E S W O L L O H T O H
+ Seamless process
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
101
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS B y
Rectangular D
x
x t y
Designation Size Thickness
DxB
t
mm
mm
200x150
250x150
300x100
300x200 H O T H O L L O W S E C
300x250 T IO N S
350x150
350x250
400x120
400x150
102
6 6.3 8 9 10 12 12.5 6 6.3 8 10 12.5 16 5 6 6.3 8 10 12 16 6 6.3 8 10 12 12.5 16 6.3 8 10 12.5 16 6.3 8 10 12.5 16 8 10 12.5 16 6.3 8 10 12.5 6.3 8 10 12.5 16
Mass Per Metre
Area Of Section
A kg/m 31.70 33.22 41.70 46.60 51.40 60.90 63.20 36.40 38.00 48.00 59.30 73.00 91.50 30.52 36.20 38.00 48.00 58.80 70.30 91.50 45.80 48.10 60.50 75.00 89.15 92.60 117.00 53.00 66.80 82.80 102.00 129.00 48.10 60.50 75.00 92.60 117.00 73.10 90.70 112.00 142.00 50.00 63.10 78.10 96.60 53.00 66.80 82.80 102.00 129.00
2
cm 40.2 42.1 52.8 58.9 64.9 76.7 79.6 46.2 48.4 60.8 74.9 92.1 115 38.7 46.2 48.4 61.1 74.9 88.7 117 58.2 61.0 76.8 94.9 113 117 147 67.5 85.1 106 130 165 61 77 94.9 117 149 93 116 143 181 63.7 80.3 99.5 123 67.5 85.1 106 130 165
Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y 4
cm 2318 2420 2971 3276 3568 4109 4236 3965 4143 5111 6174 7387 8879 4146 4893 5111 6386 7613 8818 11240 7486 7829 9717 11820 13800 14270 17390 9239 11500 14050 17050 20930 9551 11880 14320 17300 21500 16560 20270 24680 30440 11880 14790 18050 21900 13350 16630 20340 24720 30400
4
cm 1485 1549 1894 2084 2264 2596 2673 1796 1874 2298 2755 3265 3873 731 854 890 1087 1275 1447 1747 4013 4193 5184 6278 7294 7537 9109 6984 8682 10580 12810 15670 2537 3125 3737 4450 5386 9854 12020 14580 17860 1752 2146 2569 3040 2863 3528 4257 5087 6108
Radius Of Gyration
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Torsional Constants
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
cm
cm
3
3
6.08 6.07 5.99 5.95 5.91 5.82 5.80 6.24 6.22 6.15 6.06 5.96 5.80 4.34 4.30 4.29 4.22 4.13 4.04 3.87 8.31 8.29 8.22 8.13 8.05 8.02 7.87 10.20 10.10 10.00 9.91 9.76 6.44 6.36 6.27 6.17 6.02 10.30 10.20 10.10 9.95 5.24 5.17 5.08 4.97 6.51 6.44 6.35 6.24 6.09
cm 198 207 253 278 302 346 356 239 250 306 367 435 516 146 171 178 217 255 289 349 401 419 518 628 729 754 911 559 695 847 1025 1254 338 417 498 593 718 788 963 1166 1429 292 358 428 507 382 470 568 678 814
3
7.60 7.58 7.50 7.46 7.41 7.32 7.30 9.27 9.25 9.17 9.08 8.96 8.79 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.2 10.1 9.97 9.82 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.2 11.1 11.0 10.9 11.7 11.6 11.5 11.4 11.3 12.5 12.4 12.3 12.2 12.0 13.3 13.2 13.1 13.0 13.7 13.6 13.5 13.3 14.1 14.0 13.9 13.8 13.6
cm 232 242 297 328 357 411 424 317 331 409 494 591 710 276 326 341 426 508 588 749 499 522 648 788 920 952 1159 616 767 937 1137 1395 546 679 818 988 1229 946 1158 1410 1739 594 740 903 1095 667 832 1017 1236 1520
cm 277 289 359 398 436 508 525 385 402 501 611 740 906 354 419 439 551 666 779 1008 596 624 779 956 1124 1165 1441 720 902 1109 1358 1689 680 851 1035 1263 1586 1124 1385 1700 2121 766 960 1180 1444 841 1054 1297 1589 1978
cm 227 237 294 325 356 414 428 270 283 350 426 514 625 161 190 199 247 296 343 431 451 472 589 721 847 877 1080 636 796 978 1196 1485 375 467 566 686 850 892 1098 1345 1672 322 399 486 588 420 524 640 778 957
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
3
J
Surface Area Per Metre
C 4
cm 2820 2947 3643 4033 4409 5119 5287 3877 4054 5021 6090 7326 8868 2040 2399 2504 3066 3676 4223 5142 8100 8476 10560 12910 15140 15680 19250 12140 15170 18600 22680 28020 6383 7917 9633 11620 14110 19010 23330 28490 35280 5035 6212 7501 8973 7588 9415 11450 13820 16810
3
cm 313 326 398 437 475 543 559 396 413 506 605 717 849 262 306 319 387 458 520 620 651 681 840 1015 1178 1217 1468 862 1067 1295 1561 1898 587 721 867 1032 1235 1255 1526 1843 2248 527 645 771 912 673 828 998 1191 1427
2
m /m 0.685 0.684 0.679 0.677 0.674 0.669 0.668 0.785 0.784 0.779 0.774 0.768 0.759 0.787 0.785 0.784 0.780 0.774 0.769 0.769 0.985 0.984 0.979 0.974 0.969 0.968 0.959 1.082 1.077 1.071 1.065 1.055 0.974 0.974 0.974 0.968 0.968 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.03 1.02 1.02 1.01 1.09 1.08 1.08 1.07 1.06
HOT FINISHED HOLLOW SECTIONS B y
Rectangular D
x
x t y
Designation Size Thickness
DxB
t
mm 400x200
mm 6.3 8 10 12.5 16 8 10 12.5 16 8 10 12.5 16 8 10 12.5 16 10 12.5 16 20
400x300
450x250
500x200
500x300
Mass Per Metre
Area Of Section
A kg/m 57.90 73.10 90.70 112.00 142.00 85.70 106.00 132.00 167.00 85.40 106.00 132.00 167.00 85.70 106.00 132.00 167.00 122.00 152.00 192.00 237.00
2
cm 73.6 92.8 115 142 179 109 136 168 213 109 135 167 211 109 135 168 213 155 192 243 302
Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y 4
cm 15700 19560 23910 29060 35740 25860 31750 38800 48100 30080 36900 45030 55710 34270 41760 51510 63930 53760 65810 81780 100100
4
cm 5376 6660 8084 9738 11820 16620 20360 24800 30620 12140 14820 17970 22040 8170 9891 12020 14670 24440 29780 36770 44550
Radius Of Gyration Axis x-x
Axis y-y
cm 14.6 14.5 14.4 14.3 14.1 15.4 15.3 15.2 15.0 16.6 16.5 16.4 16.2 17.7 17.6 17.5 17.3 18.6 18.5 18.3 18.2
cm 8.55 8.47 8.39 8.28 8.13 12.30 12.30 12.20 12.00 10.6 10.5 10.4 10.2 8.7 8.6 8.5 8.31 12.6 12.5 12.3 12.1
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
3
3
3
3
cm 785 978 1196 1453 1787 1293 1587 1940 2405 1337 1640 2001 2476 1371 1670 2060 2557 2150 2633 3271 4006
cm 538 666 808 974 1182 1108 1357 1654 2041 971 1185 1438 1763 817 989 1202 1467 1629 1985 2451 2970
cm 960 1203 1480 1813 2256 1524 1882 2316 2899 1622 2000 2458 3070 1716 2105 2609 3267 2595 3196 4005 4942
cm 594 743 911 1111 1374 1252 1544 1898 2371 1081 1331 1631 2029 900 1101 1354 1683 1826 2244 2804 3442
Torsional Constants
J
Surface Area Per Metre
C 4
cm 12610 15740 19260 23440 28870 30980 38140 46750 58200 27080 33280 40720 50550 21100 25870 31480 38830 52450 64390 80330 97310
3
cm 917 1135 1376 1656 2010 1749 2136 2593 3186 1629 1986 2406 2947 1430 1737 2097 2554 2696 3281 4044 4845
2
m /m 1.18 1.18 1.17 1.17 1.16 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.38 1.37 1.37 1.36 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.57 1.57 1.56
S
S.A.W process N OI T C E S W O L L O H T O H
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
103
H O T H O L L O W S E C T IO N S
104
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS
102
Cold Formed Hollow Sections
General Structural hollow sections make beautiful, efficient structures with a nice continuity. The cold formed hollow sections, square, rectangular and circular, have constant external dimension within the s ame serial size only the thickness is increasing. In other words, the same column size can be maintained throughout the full height of the building, only changing the thickness, simplifying architectural details and ensuring economy in fabrication. By using multi-storey columns the number of joints will be smaller and the number of welds affecting the capacity of cold formed sections will therefore be reduced (see “Comparison between hot finished and cold formed hollow sections”). Due to their high sectional properties hollow sections provide smaller column footprints than other design solutions, with increased floor area. Added together these qualities give a n efficient and economic structure. It has long been the opinion amongst structural people that for low-rise buildings only concrete will be economical, but with multi-storey hollow sections steel structures can compete with concrete structures. Steel might be more expensive per metric ton, but with the fabrication and erection time, a lighter structure, labour cost, and easy maintenance taken into account, a steel structure might give the most economic design.
Comparable specifications Specification
Grade
Min. Yield strength
Tensile strength
2
EN 10219-1 (1997)
S235JRH
2
Charpy V-Notch Impact
N/mm
N/mm
Joules
235
340-470
27
C
°
20
JIS G 3444 (1994)
STK400
235
min. 400
-
-
JIS G 3466 (1988)
STKR400
245
min. 400
-
-
C250L0
250
min. 320
27
0
EN 10219-1 (1997)
S275J0H
275
410-560
27
0
EN 10219-1 (1997)
S275J2H
275
410-560
27
-20
AS 1163 (1991)
S N OI
ASTM A500 (1996) T C
Round tubing
Grade A
228
min. 310
-
-
Shaped tubing
“
269
min. 310
-
-
Round tubing
Grade B
290
min. 400
-
-
Shaped tubing
“
317
min. 400
-
-
STKR490
325
min. 490
-
-
H
AS 1163 (1991)
C350L0
350
min. 430
27
0 O
JIS G 3444 (1994)
STK500
355
min. 500
-
-
EN 10219-1 (1997)
S355J0H
355
490-630
27
0
EN 10219-1 (1997)
S355J2H
355
490-630
27
-20
JIS G 3444 (1994)
STK540
390
min. 540
-
-
AS 1163 (1991)
C450L0
450
min. 500
27
0
JIS G 3466 (1988)
Note:
E S W O L L O D L C
For EN 10219-1 and ASTM A500 the values given are for section thickness above 3mm. EN 10219-1 (1997): one of the n ew European Norms, see Explanatory notes. ASTM A36 (1991): standard from American Society for Testing of Materials for carbon structural steel. ASTM 500 (1996): stan dard from American Society for Testing of Materials for cold formed welded and seamless carbon steels structural tubing in rounds and shapes. JIS G 3444 (1994): Japanese Industrial Standard for Carb on steel tubes for general structural purposes. JIS G 3466 (1988): Japanese Industrial Standard for Carbon st eel square pipes for general structural purposes. AS 1163 (1991): Australian Standard for Structural steel hollow sections.
Table 16 – Cold Formed Hollow Sections: Comparable specifications
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
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COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS
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Product specifications Productions of cold formed structural hollow sections have been standardised in EN 10219: 1997: "Cold formed structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steel" Part 1, Grades S235, S275, S355, but other grades and sub-grades can be supplied, subject to minimum order quantities. Dimensions, tolerances and sectional properties meet the requirements of EN 10219:1997: "Cold formed structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain structural steels" Part 2. The cold formed hollow sections, square, rectangular and circular have constant external dimension within the same serial size, only the thickness is increasing. In other words, the same column size can be maintained throughout the full height of the building, simplifying architectural details and ensuring economy in fa brication.
Chemical composition The chemical compositions of hot finished hollow sections are given in EN 10219-1: 1997, Table A.1, B.1 and B.2. When a carbon equivalent value (CEV) is required it shall be determined from the cast analysis using the formula: CEV = C +
Mn
6
+
(Cr + Mo + V ) 5
+
( Ni + Cu ) 15
Mechanical properties The mechanical properties for cold formed sections in accordance with EN 102191:1997 are summarised below. Designation
Min. Yield strength ReH in N/mm
Tensile strength
2
Rm in N/mm
Min. elongation (%)
2
L0=5.65(S0)
Test temp.
1/2
Impact KV
Nominal thickness in mm t 16
16>t 40 2
2
t<3
3 t 40 2
2
t 4 0
N/mm
N/mm
N/mm
N/mm
%
C
J
S235JRH
235
225
360-510
340-470
24
20
27
S275J0H
275
265
430-580
410-560
20
0
27
O
D
L
C
S275J2H
-20
27
O H L L
S355J0H O W
355
345
510-680
490-630
S355J2H S E C
20
0
27
-20
27
Table 17 – Cold Formed Hollow Sections: Mechanical properties T IO N S
Tensile test The tensile test shall be carried out according with EN 10002-1: "Metallic materials Tensile testing - Method of test (at ambient temperature)". See chapter “Hot finished Hollow Sections”.
Charpy V-notch impact test The specimens, in accordance with EN 10045-1: "Metallic materials - Charpy impact test - Test method", are tested at the required temperature according to grade. See chapter “Hot finished Hollow Sections”.
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Continental Steel Pte Ltd
COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS
104
Manufacturing tolerances The tolerances for cold formed hollow sections are specified in EN 10219: 1997, Part 2. The tolerances are mostly similar to those specified in EN 10210: 1997, Part 2, for hot finished hollow sections. The tolerances are listed in Table 18 below. Characteristic
Circular hollow sections
Square and rectangular hollow sections Size in mm
Outside dimensions (D, B, H)
±1%
with a minimum of ±0.5mm and a maximum of ±10mm
H, B <100:
Tolerance ±1%
with a minimum of: ±0.5mm. ±0.8%
100 H, B 200:
±0.6
H, B >200: - For D 406.4mm:
Thickness (T)
%
T 5mm: ±10% T>5mm: ± 0.50mm
- For D>406.4mm:
±10%
with a max. of 2mm
For T>5mm:
±0.50mm
For T 5mm:
±10%
2% for hollow sections having a diameter 1) to thickness ratio not exceeding 100
-
-
Max. 0.8% with a minimum of 0.5mm
Squareness of side
-
90°±1°
External corner profile (C 1, C2 or R)
-
Out-of-roundness (O) Concavity/convexity
2)
Twist (V)
-
Straightness
0.20% of total length
For 10
2.4T to 3.6T
2mm plus 0.5mm/m length 0.15% of total length on individual lengths
Type of length
Length
Tolerances
Random length
4 000 to 16 000 with a range of 2000 per order item
10% of sections supplied may be below the minimum for the ordered range, but not less than 75% of the minimum of the range
Approximate length Exact length
4 000
+50/0 mm
< 6 000
+5/0 mm +15/0 mm
6 000 to
10 000
> 10 000 Notes:
1.6T to 2.4T 2.0T to 3.0T
For T 6mm:
±6%
Mass (M)
For 6
S N
+5/0 mm +1mm/m OI T
1) Where diameter to thickness ratio exceeds 100mm the tolerance on out-of-roundness shall be agreed. 2) The tolerance on concavity and convexity is independent of the tolerance on the outside dimensions. C E S W
Table 18 – Cold Formed Hollow Sections: Manufacturing tolerances O L L O H D
All external dimensions including out-of-roundness shall be measured at a distance from the end of the hollow section of not less than D for circular sections, B for square sections and H for rectangular sections, with a minimum of 100mm. D= diameter, B= width, H= height, R= outer corner radius V, C1 and C2= see drawings in chapter “Hot Finished Hollow Sections”. The thickness T of welded sections shall be measured at a position not less than 2T from the weld. L O C
Other specifications Cold formed structural hollow sections are also supplied to other international standards and National specifications, see Table 16 the on first page of this chapter.
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
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106
COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS D
Circular
y
x
x t y
Designation Thickness Outside
D mm 26.9 33.7
42.4
48.3
60.3
76.1
88.9
101.6
114.3
139.7
C O L D H O L L
t mm 2.5 3.2 3.0 3.2 4.0 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 3.0 3.2 4.0 5.0 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 3.0 3.2 3.6 5.0 6.0 6.3 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0
* * * * *
* *
* *
* *
*
* *
Mass Per Metre
kg/m 1.50 1.87 2.27 2.41 2.93 2.91 3.09 3.44 3.79 3.35 3.56 3.97 4.37 4.24 4.51 5.03 5.55 6.82 5.41 5.75 6.44 7.11 11.2 6.36 6.76 8.38 10.35 9.63 10.80 11.90 14.10 8.23 8.77 9.83 13.48 16.03 16.78 16.61 19.78 20.73 25.98 31.99
Area Of Section
Ratio For Local Buckling
Second Moment Of Inertia
Radius Of Gyration
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
A
D/t
I
r cm 0.867 0.846 1.09 1.08 1.06 1.40 1.39 1.38 1.36 1.61 1.60 1.59 1.57 2.03 2.02 2.01 2.00 1.96 2.59 2.58 2.57 2.55 2.52 3.04 3.03 3.00 2.97 3.45 3.44 3.42 3.39 3.94 3.93 3.92 3.87 3.83 3.82 4.77 4.73 4.72 4.66 4.60
Z
S
2
cm 1.92 2.38 2.89 3.07 3.73 3.71 3.94 4.39 4.83 4.27 4.53 5.06 5.57 5.40 5.74 6.41 7.07 8.69 6.89 7.33 8.20 9.06 11.26 8.10 8.62 10.7 13.2 12.3 13.7 15.2 18.0 10.5 11.2 12.5 17.2 20.4 21.4 21.2 25.2 26.4 33.1 40.7
4
10.8 8.41 11.2 10.5 8.43 14.1 13.3 11.8 10.6 16.1 15.1 13.4 12.1 20.1 18.8 16.8 15.1 12.1 25.4 23.8 21.1 19.0 15.2 29.6 27.8 22.2 17.8 25.4 22.6 20.3 16.9 38.1 35.7 31.8 22.9 19.1 18.1 27.9 23.3 22.2 17.5 14.0
cm 1.44 1.70 3.44 3.60 4.19 7.25 7.62 8.33 8.99 11.0 11.6 12.7 13.8 22.2 23.5 25.9 28.2 33.5 46.1 48.8 54.0 59.1 70.9 74.8 79.2 96.3 116 146 162 177 207 163 172 192 257 300 313 481 564 589 720 862
3
cm 1.07 1.27 2.04 2.14 2.49 3.42 3.59 3.93 4.24 4.55 4.80 5.26 5.70 7.37 7.78 8.58 9.34 11.1 12.1 12.8 14.2 15.5 18.6 16.8 17.8 21.7 26.2 28.8 31.9 34.9 40.7 28.4 30.2 33.6 45.0 52.5 54.7 68.8 80.8 84.3 103 123
O W
Torsional Constants
J 3
cm 1.49 1.81 2.84 2.99 3.55 4.67 4.93 5.44 5.92 6.17 6.52 7.21 7.87 9.86 10.4 11.6 12.7 15.3 16.0 17.0 18.9 20.8 25.3 22.1 23.5 28.9 35.2 38.1 42.5 46.7 54.9 37.2 39.5 44.1 59.8 70.4 73.6 90.8 107 112 139 169
Surface Area Per Metre C
4
cm 2.88 3.41 6.88 7.21 8.38 14.5 15.2 16.7 18.0 22.0 23.2 25.4 27.5 44.4 46.9 51.7 56.3 67 92.2 97.6 108 118 142 150 158 193 233 293 324 355 413 325 345 384 514 600 625 961 1130 1177 1441 1724
cm3 2.14 2.53 4.08 4.28 4.97 6.84 7.19 7.86 8.48 9.11 9.59 10.5 11.4 14.7 15.6 17.2 18.7 22.2 24.2 25.6 28.4 31.0 37.3 33.6 35.6 43.3 52.4 57.6 63.8 69.9 81 56.9 60.4 67.2 89.9 105 109 138 162 169 206 247
m2/m 0.0845 0.0845 0.106 0.106 0.106 0.133 0.133 0.133 0.133 0.152 0.152 0.152 0.152 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.239 0.239 0.239 0.239 0.239 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.319 0.319 0.319 0.319 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439
* Sizes not included in BS EN 10219 Part 2 (1997)
S E C T IO N S
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Continental Steel Pte Ltd
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COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS D
Circular
y
x
x t y
Designation Outside Thickness
D
t
mm 168.3
mm 4.0 5.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.5 4.5 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0
193.7
219.1
244.5
273
323.9
* *
*
*
*
*
*
Mass
Area
Ratio For
Second
Radius
Elastic
Plastic
Torsional
Surface
Per Metre
Of Section
Local Buckling
Moment Of Inertia
Of Gyration
Modulus
Modulus
Constants
Area Per Metre
A
D/t
I
r
Z
S
J
C
kg/m 16.21 20.14 25.17 31.63 39.04 48.03 18.71 21.00 23.27 27.77 29.12 36.64 45.30 55.86 23.82 26.40 31.53 33.06 41.65 51.57 61.29 63.69 80.14 29.53 35.29 37.01 46.66 57.83 68.81 71.52 90.16 33.05 39.51 41.44 52.28 64.86 77.24 80.30 101.41 39.32 47.04 49.34 62.32 77.41 92.30 95.99 121.49
cm2 20.6 25.7 32.1 40.3 49.7 61.2 23.8 26.7 29.6 35.4 37.1 46.7 57.7 71.2 30.3 33.6 40.2 42.1 53.1 65.7 78.1 81.1 102 37.6 45.0 47.1 59.4 73.7 87.7 91.1 115 42.1 50.3 52.8 66.6 82.6 98.4 102 129 50.1 59.9 62.9 79.4 98.6 118 122 155
42.1 33.7 26.7 21.0 16.8 13.5 48.4 43.0 38.7 32.3 30.7 24.2 19.4 15.5 48.7 43.8 36.5 34.8 27.4 21.9 18.3 17.5 13.7 48.9 40.8 38.8 30.6 24.5 20.4 19.6 15.3 54.6 45.5 43.3 34.1 27.3 22.8 21.8 17.1 64.8 54.0 51.4 40.5 32.4 27.0 25.9 20.2
cm4 697 856 1053 1297 1564 1868 1073 1198 1320 1560 1630 2016 2442 2934 1747 1928 2282 2386 2960 3598 4200 4345 5297 2699 3199 3346 4160 5073 5938 6147 7533 3781 4487 4696 5852 7154 8396 8697 10710 6369 7572 7929 9910 12160 14320 14850 18390
cm 5.81 5.78 5.73 5.67 5.61 5.53 6.71 6.69 6.67 6.64 6.63 6.57 6.50 6.42 7.59 7.57 7.54 7.53 7.47 7.40 7.33 7.32 7.20 8.47 8.43 8.42 8.37 8.30 8.23 8.21 8.10 9.48 9.44 9.43 9.37 9.31 9.24 9.22 9.10 11.3 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.1 11.0 11.0 10.9
cm3 82.8 102 125 154 186 222 111 124 136 161 168 208 252 303 159 176 208 218 270 328 383 397 483 221 262 274 340 415 486 503 616 277 329 344 429 524 615 637 784 393 468 490 612 751 884 917 1136
cm3 108 133 165 206 251 304 144 161 178 211 221 276 338 411 207 229 273 285 357 438 515 534 661 287 341 358 448 550 649 673 837 359 428 448 562 692 818 849 1058 509 606 636 799 986 1168 1213 1518
cm4 1394 1712 2107 2595 3128 3737 2146 2395 2640 3119 3260 4031 4883 5869 3494 3856 4564 4772 5919 7197 8400 8689 10600 5397 6397 6692 8321 10150 11880 12300 15070 7562 8974 9392 11700 14310 16790 17400 21410 12740 15150 15860 19820 24320 28640 29690 36780
cm3 166 203 250 308 372 444 222 247 273 322 337 416 504 606 319 352 417 436 540 657 767 793 967 441 523 547 681 830 972 1006 1232 554 657 688 857 1048 1230 1274 1569 787 935 979 1224 1501 1768 1833 2271
m2/m 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02
S N OI T C E S W O L L O H D
* Sizes not included in BS EN 10219 Part 2 (1997)
L O C
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COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS D
Circular
y
x
x t y
Designation Outside Thickness
Mass Per Metre
Area Of Section
Ratio For Local Buckling
Second Moment Of Inertia
Radius Of Gyration
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Torsional Constants
Surface Area Per
A
D/t
I
r
Z
S
J
C
71.1 59.3 56.4 44.5 35.6 29.6 28.4 22.2 67.7 64.5 50.8 40.6 33.9 32.5 25.4 76.2 72.5 57.1 45.7 38.1 36.6 28.6 84.7 80.6 63.5 50.8 42.3 40.6 31.8
cm4 8464 10070 10550 13200 16220 19140 19850 24660 15130 15850 19870 24480 28940 30030 37450 21620 22650 28450 35090 41560 43150 53960 29810 31250 39280 48520 57540 59760 74910
cm 12.4 12.4 12.4 12.3 12.2 12.2 12.1 12.0 14.2 14.1 14.1 14.0 14.0 13.9 13.8 15.9 15.9 15.9 15.8 15.7 15.7 15.6 17.7 17.7 17.7 17.6 17.5 17.5 17.4
cm3 476 566 593 742 912 1076 1117 1387 745 780 978 1205 1424 1478 1843 946 991 1245 1536 1819 1888 2361 1174 1230 1546 1910 2265 2353 2949
cm3 615 733 769 967 1195 1417 1472 1847 962 1009 1270 1572 1867 1940 2440 1220 1280 1613 1998 2377 2470 3113 1512 1586 2000 2480 2953 3070 3874
cm4 16930 20140 21090 26400 32450 38280 39700 49330 30260 31700 39750 48950 57870 60060 74900 43240 45310 56890 70180 83110 86290 107900 59620 62490 78560 97040 115100 119500 149800
cm3 952 1133 1186 1485 1825 2153 2233 2774 1489 1560 1956 2409 2848 2956 3686 1892 1983 2490 3071 3637 3776 4723 2347 2460 3093 3820 4530 4705 5898
Metre D mm 355.6
406.4
457
508
t mm 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0
kg/m 43.23 51.73 54.27 68.58 85.23 101.68 105.77 134.00 59.25 62.16 78.60 97.76 116.72 121.43 154.05 66.73 70.02 88.58 110.24 131.69 137.03 174.01 74.28 77.95 98.65 122.81 146.79 152.75 194.14
cm2 55.1 65.9 69.1 87.4 109 130 135 171 75.5 79.2 100 125 149 155 196 85.0 89.2 113 140 168 175 222 94.6 99.3 126 156 187 195 247
m2/m 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60
* Sizes not included in BS EN 10219 Part 2 (1997)
C O L D H O L L O W S E C T IO N S
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COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS D y
Square D
x
x
t y
Designation Size Thickness DxD mm 12x12
13x13 16x16
19x19
20x20 25x25
30x30
32x32
38x38
40x40
50x50
t mm 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.5 1.2 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.5 3.0 1.2 1.6 1.8 2.3 3.0 3.2 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.3 3.0 1.6 2.0 2.3 3.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0 1.5 1.6 2.0 2.3 3.0 3.2 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.0
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * *
Mass Per Metre kg/m 0.357 0.421 0.540 0.400 0.500 0.456 0.540 0.699 0.555 0.659 0.859 1.05 1.25 0.897 1.18 1.33 1.36 1.54 1.70 1.64 1.89 1.08 1.41 1.57 1.97 2.48 2.62 1.13 1.50 1.82 2.02 2.68 1.81 2.22 2.48 3.29 2.31 2.82 3.30 4.20 2.44 2.45 2.93 3.40 4.25 4.54 5.45 6.11 6.69 7.71
Area Of Section A cm 2 0.414 0.481 0.600 0.529 0.664 0.574 0.673 0.856 0.694 0.817 1.05 1.34 1.59 1.11 1.43 1.59 1.74 1.95 2.02 2.09 2.41 1.35 1.75 1.95 2.41 3.01 3.17 1.44 1.88 2.30 2.60 3.25 2.26 2.78 3.15 3.97 2.94 3.59 4.21 5.35 2.85 3.03 3.74 4.25 5.41 5.73 6.95 7.67 8.36 9.63
Second Moment Of Area I cm 4 0.0808 0.0897 0.102 0.118 0.136 0.210 0.239 0.284 0.368 0.421 0.511 0.692 0.766 1.03 1.28 1.38 1.48 1.61 1.65 1.69 1.84 1.83 2.31 2.52 2.99 3.50 3.62 2.25 2.84 3.36 3.71 4.38 4.92 5.88 6.54 7.85 6.94 8.22 9.32 11.1 11.1 11.7 14.1 15.9 19.5 20.4 23.7 25.5 27.0 29.5
Radius Of Gyration r cm 0.442 0.432 0.412 0.473 0.453 0.605 0.595 0.576 0.728 0.718 0.698 0.720 0.694 0.963 0.944 0.934 0.924 0.909 0.904 0.899 0.874 1.17 1.15 1.14 1.11 1.08 1.07 1.25 1.23 1.21 1.20 1.16 1.47 1.46 1.44 1.41 1.54 1.51 1.49 1.44 1.97 1.96 1.95 1.93 1.90 1.89 1.85 1.82 1.80 1.75
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Z cm 3 0.135 0.150 0.169 0.182 0.209 0.263 0.298 0.354 0.387 0.444 0.538 0.692 0.766 0.820 1.02 1.11 1.19 1.29 1.32 1.35 1.47 1.22 1.54 1.68 2.00 2.34 2.41 1.41 1.78 2.10 2.32 2.74 2.59 3.10 3.44 4.13 3.47 4.11 4.66 5.54 4.43 4.68 5.66 6.34 7.79 8.16 9.49 10.2 10.8 11.8
S cm 3 0.167 0.189 0.224 0.228 0.273 0.318 0.366 0.449 0.463 0.537 0.668 0.877 1.00 0.975 1.24 1.35 1.47 1.62 1.67 1.71 1.91 1.44 1.84 2.03 2.45 2.96 3.08 1.65 2.12 2.54 2.84 3.44 3.06 3.70 4.15 5.10 4.13 4.97 5.72 7.01 5.15 5.46 6.66 7.52 9.39 9.89 11.7 12.8 13.7 15.3
Torsional Constants J cm 4 0.138 0.157 0.187 0.205 0.247 0.349 0.403 0.498 0.600 0.699 0.876 1.21 1.39 1.66 2.12 2.33 2.53 2.80 2.88 2.97 3.33 2.93 3.77 4.16 5.07 6.15 6.42 3.58 4.62 5.58 6.24 7.62 7.90 9.60 10.8 13.3 11.3 13.6 15.8 19.4 17.4 18.5 22.6 25.6 32.1 33.9 40.4 44.1 47.5 53.2
C cm 3 0.205 0.229 0.263 0.278 0.324 0.397 0.453 0.543 0.584 0.671 0.819 1.06 1.19 1.24 1.54 1.68 1.80 1.97 2.02 2.07 2.27 1.84 2.32 2.54 3.03 3.58 3.71 2.11 2.68 3.18 3.52 4.18 3.90 4.67 5.20 6.28 5.23 6.21 7.07 8.48 6.65 7.03 8.51 9.55 11.8 12.3 14.4 15.6 16.6 18.2
Surface Area Per Metre m 2 /m 0.0446 0.0439 0.0425 0.0479 0.0465 0.0606 0.0599 0.0585 0.0726 0.0719 0.0705 0.0731 0.0714 0.0959 0.0945 0.0938 0.0931 0.0921 0.0918 0.0914 0.0897 0.116 0.115 0.114 0.112 0.110 0.109 0.124 0.123 0.121 0.120 0.118 0.147 0.145 0.144 0.142 0.153 0.151 0.150 0.146 0.195 0.195 0.193 0.192 0.190 0.189 0.186 0.185 0.183 0.179 S N OI T C E S W O L L O H D L O C
* Sizes not included in EN 10219 Part 2 (1997)
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
111
COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS D y
Square D
x
x
t y
Designation Size Thickness DxD mm 60x60
63.5x63.5
65x65
70x70
75x75
80x80
C O L D H O
90x90 L L O W S E C T IO N S
t mm 1.6 2.3 3.0 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 2.3 3.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 1.6 2.3 3.0 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 2.5 3.0 3.6 4.0 5.0 2.3 3.0 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 3.0 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 2.3 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.0
* *
*
* * * * * * * * * * * *
*
* * * * * * *
* * * *
Mass Per Metre kg/m 2.88 4.06 5.19 6.71 7.43 8.13 9.44 4.31 5.52 8.04 8.92 10.57 3.06 4.31 5.59 7.08 7.88 8.92 10.40 5.17 6.13 7.24 7.97 9.70 5.23 6.81 8.66 9.70 10.76 12.78 7.07 8.37 9.22 11.30 13.20 13.50 6.23 8.01 8.33 9.50 10.50 11.50 12.80 15.10
Area Of Section A 2 cm 3.67 5.17 6.61 8.55 9.47 10.40 12.0 5.49 7.03 10.1 11.4 12.9 3.99 5.63 7.21 9.35 10.4 11.4 13.2 6.59 7.81 9.23 10.1 12.4 6.55 8.41 10.9 12.2 13.4 15.6 9.01 10.7 11.7 14.4 16.8 17.2 7.93 10.2 10.8 12.1 13.3 14.9 16.4 19.2
Second Moment Of Area I 4 cm 20.7 28.3 35.1 43.6 47.2 50.5 56.1 33.9 42.1 57.0 66.1 68.2 26.5 36.4 45.4 56.6 61.6 66.1 73.9 49.4 57.5 66.5 72.1 84.6 57.1 71.6 90.2 98.6 106 120 88 102 111 131 149 149 101 127 135 149 162 178 193 220
Radius Of Gyration r cm 2.37 2.34 2.31 2.26 2.23 2.21 2.16 2.48 2.45 2.38 2.41 2.30 2.58 2.54 2.51 2.46 2.44 2.41 2.36 2.74 2.71 2.69 2.67 2.62 2.95 2.92 2.87 2.85 2.82 2.77 3.12 3.09 3.07 3.03 2.98 2.94 3.56 3.53 3.52 3.50 3.48 3.46 3.43 3.39
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Z 3 cm 6.89 9.44 11.7 14.5 15.7 16.8 18.7 10.7 13.3 18.0 20.3 21.5 8.16 11.2 14.0 17.4 18.9 20.3 22.7 14.1 16.4 19.0 20.6 24.2 15.2 19.1 24.1 26.3 28.4 32.0 22.0 25.5 27.8 32.9 37.3 37.1 22.4 28.3 29.9 33.0 36.0 39.5 42.9 49.0
S 3 cm 8.0 11.1 14.0 17.6 19.3 20.9 23.7 12.5 15.8 21.9 25.0 27.0 9.4 13.1 16.6 21.0 23.1 25.0 28.5 16.5 19.4 22.7 24.8 29.6 17.7 22.5 28.8 31.7 34.5 39.6 25.8 30.2 33.1 39.7 45.8 46.1 25.9 33.0 35.0 38.9 42.6 47.1 51.4 59.5
Torsional Constants J 4 cm 32.4 45.2 57.1 72.6 79.8 86.4 98.4 53.8 68.2 95.7 112 119 41.4 57.9 73.3 93.7 103 112 128 78.5 92.4 108 119 142 90.0 115 147 163 177 205 140 165 180 218 252 261 158 201 214 238 261 289 316 368
C 3 cm 10.4 14.2 17.7 22.0 23.9 25.6 28.6 16.0 20.0 27.2 30.9 32.8 12.2 16.9 21.0 26.3 28.7 30.9 34.7 21.2 24.7 28.7 31.1 36.7 22.9 28.7 36.3 39.7 42.9 48.7 33.0 38.4 41.8 49.7 56.6 57.9 33.6 42.5 44.9 49.6 54.2 59.6 64.7 74.2
Surface Area Per Metre 2
m /m 0.235 0.232 0.230 0.226 0.225 0.223 0.219 0.246 0.244 0.239 0.243 0.233 0.255 0.252 0.250 0.246 0.245 0.243 0.239 0.271 0.270 0.268 0.266 0.263 0.292 0.290 0.286 0.285 0.283 0.279 0.310 0.308 0.306 0.303 0.299 0.293 0.352 0.350 0.349 0.348 0.346 0.345 0.343 0.339
* Sizes not included in EN 10219 Part 2 (1997)
112
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS D y
Square D
x
x
t y
Designation Size Thickness DxD mm 100x100
120x120
125x125
150x150
175x175
180x180
t mm 2.3 3.0 3.2 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 9.0 10.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 2.3 3.0 3.2 4.5 5.0 6.0 6.4 9.0 3.0 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 9.0 10.0 12.0 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 9.0 12.7 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5
* * *
*
* * * * * * * * * *
*
* * * * * *
Mass Per Metre kg/m 6.95 8.96 9.60 11.70 13.30 14.40 17.00 17.50 21.40 24.10 25.60 14.20 17.50 20.70 21.40 26.40 8.75 11.30 12.00 16.90 18.70 22.10 23.20 31.38 13.70 18.00 20.50 22.30 26.40 27.40 33.90 38.20 41.30 47.10 21.20 23.70 26.20 31.10 45.30 62.50 27.00 32.10 33.30 41.50 50.70 58.50 60.50
Area Of Section A cm 2 8.85 11.4 12.1 14.9 16.7 18.4 21.6 22.2 27.2 30.0 32.6 18.1 22.4 26.4 27.3 33.6 11.2 14.4 15.3 21.2 23.4 27.6 29.0 39.0 17.4 22.9 25.7 28.4 33.6 34.8 43.2 48.0 52.6 60.1 26.9 30.2 33.4 39.6 57.0 75.5 34.4 40.8 42.4 52.8 64.6 74.5 77.0
Second Moment Of Area I cm 4 140 177 187 226 249 271 311 314 366 391 411 402 485 562 572 677 278 355 376 506 553 641 660 838 623 808 896 982 1146 1174 1412 1537 1650 1780 1303 1449 1591 1864 2546 3124 1737 2037 2096 2546 3017 3322 3406
Radius Of Gyration r cm 3.97 3.94 3.93 3.89 3.87 3.84 3.79 3.76 3.67 3.61 3.55 4.71 4.66 4.61 4.58 4.49 4.99 4.96 4.95 4.89 4.86 4.82 4.78 4.64 5.98 5.93 5.91 5.89 5.84 5.80 5.71 5.66 5.61 5.44 6.95 6.93 6.91 6.86 6.68 6.43 7.11 7.06 7.03 6.94 6.84 6.68 6.65
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Z cm 3 27.9 35.4 37.5 45.3 49.9 54.2 62.3 62.8 73.2 78.1 82.2 67.0 80.9 93.7 95.3 113 44.5 56.7 60.1 80.9 88.4 103 106 134 83.0 108 120 131 153 156 188 205 220 237 149 166 182 213 291 357 193 226 233 283 335 369 378
S cm 3 32.3 41.2 43.7 53.3 59.0 64.6 75.1 76.4 91.1 98.6 105.0 78.3 95.4 112 114 138 51.1 65.6 69.6 94.8 104 122 126 165 95.5 125 139 153 180 185 226 248 269 298 172 192 211 249 348 443 224 264 273 336 404 454 467
Torsional Constants J cm 4 217 279 296 362 402 441 514 536 645 700 750 637 778 913 955 1163 430 553 587 804 884 1038 1101 1454 965 1265 1411 1554 1833 1922 2364 2608 2840 3231 2028 2265 2498 2954 4246 5585 2724 3223 3383 4189 5074 5865 6050
C cm 3 41.9 53.2 56.3 68.1 75.1 81.7 94.1 97.0 114 123 130 101 122 141 146 175 66.8 85.1 90.2 122 133 154 162 208 125 162 180 197 230 239 289 316 341 380 224 249 273 320 446 568 290 340 354 432 515 584 600
Surface Area Per Metre m 2 /m 0.392 0.390 0.389 0.386 0.385 0.383 0.379 0.373 0.366 0.361 0.357 0.466 0.463 0.459 0.453 0.446 0.492 0.490 0.489 0.485 0.483 0.479 0.473 0.461 0.590 0.586 0.585 0.583 0.579 0.573 0.566 0.561 0.557 0.538 0.686 0.685 0.683 0.679 0.661 0.635 0.703 0.699 0.693 0.686 0.677 0.658 0.656 S N OI T C E S W O L L O H D L O C
* Sizes not included in EN 10219 Part 2 (1997)
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
113
COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS D y
Square D
x
x
t y
Designation Size Thickness DxD mm 200x200
203x203
250x250
254x254
300x300
350x350
400x400 C O L
t mm 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 9.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 4.5 6.4 9.5 12.7 6.0 6.3 8.0 9.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 6.4 9.5 12.7 6.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0 9.0 12.0 16.0 9.0 12.0 16.0
*
* * * *
*
* * *
*
*
*
Mass Per Metre kg/m 30.10 35.80 37.20 46.50 52.30 57.00 66.00 68.30 28.10 38.40 56.00 72.60 45.20 47.10 59.10 66.50 72.70 84.80 88.00 48.50 71.20 92.90 54.70 71.60 80.60 88.40 104.00 108.00 138.00 94.70 124.00 163.00 109.00 143.00 188.00
Area Of Section A 2 cm 38.4 45.6 47.4 59.2 66.0 72.6 84.1 87.0 35.2 48.9 70.4 89.7 57.6 60.0 75.2 84.0 92.6 108 112 62.0 89.8 116 69.6 91.2 102 113 132 137 171 120 156 203 138 180 235
Second Moment Of Area I 4 cm 2410 2833 2922 3566 3918 4251 4730 4859 2295 3103 4288 5161 5672 5873 7229 7984 8707 9859 10160 6257 8781 10830 9964 12800 14180 15520 17770 18350 22080 22970 29050 36510 34790 44320 56150
Radius Of Gyration r cm 7.93 7.88 7.85 7.76 7.71 7.65 7.50 7.47 8.07 7.96 7.80 7.58 9.92 9.89 9.80 9.75 9.70 9.55 9.52 10.0 9.89 9.68 12.0 11.8 11.8 11.7 11.6 11.6 11.4 13.8 13.6 13.4 15.9 15.7 15.5
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Z 3 cm 241 283 292 357 392 425 473 486 226 306 422 508 454 470 578 639 697 789 813 493 691 853 664 853 946 1035 1184 1223 1472 1312 1660 2086 1739 2216 2808
S 3 cm 279 330 341 421 465 508 576 594 261 357 503 621 524 544 676 750 822 944 975 571 813 1023 764 991 1102 1211 1402 1451 1774 1522 1949 2488 2009 2587 3322
D H
Torsional Constants J 4 cm 3763 4459 4682 5815 6454 7072 8230 8502 3567 4973 7088 9030 8843 9290 11600 12910 14200 16690 17280 9898 14240 18420 15430 20310 22660 24970 29510 30600 37840 36370 47600 61480 54720 71840 93280
C 3 cm 362 426 444 544 599 651 743 765 339 464 646 801 681 711 878 972 1062 1226 1266 746 1053 1328 997 1293 1434 1572 1829 1892 2299 1987 2552 3238 2630 3395 4336
Surface Area Per Metre 2
m /m 0.783 0.779 0.773 0.766 0.761 0.757 0.738 0.736 0.797 0.785 0.771 0.747 0.979 0.973 0.966 0.961 0.957 0.938 0.936 0.989 0.975 0.951 1.18 1.17 1.16 1.16 1.14 1.14 1.12 1.36 1.34 1.32 1.56 1.54 1.52
* Sizes not included in EN 10219 Part 2 (1997) O L L O W S E C T IO N S
114
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS B y
Rectangular D
x
x t
Mass Per Metre
Designation Size Thickness
DxB
t
mm
mm
19x9
1.0 1.2 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.3 2.5 3.0 3.2 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0 1.6 2.3 2.5 3.0 4.0 4.5 1.6 2.3 3.0 3.2 4.0 1.6 1.9 2.3 3.0 3.2 4.0 4.5
25x12
25x13 32x16
38x19
38x25
50x25
50x30
60x40
65x38
75x38
Area Of Section A
kg/m * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* *
* * *
* * * * * * * *
0.411 0.421 0.540 0.555 0.659 0.859 0.670 0.860 0.707 0.838 1.10 0.858 1.02 1.34 0.949 1.13 1.50 1.15 1.37 1.81 2.15 2.48 2.62 3.07 3.41 2.31 2.82 3.30 4.20 2.37 3.33 3.60 4.25 5.45 6.01 2.45 3.40 4.38 4.54 5.64 2.70 3.22 3.86 4.99 5.17 6.27 6.94
2
cm 0.494 0.577 0.728 0.674 0.793 1.02 0.817 1.05 0.894 1.06 1.37 1.07 1.27 1.66 1.19 1.42 1.85 1.43 1.71 2.23 2.74 3.10 3.34 3.91 4.13 2.94 3.59 4.21 5.35 3.03 4.25 4.59 5.41 6.95 7.67 3.13 4.39 5.59 5.92 7.19 3.45 4.06 4.85 6.19 6.56 7.99 8.84
Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y 4
cm 0.206 0.231 0.268 0.510 0.583 0.705 0.617 0.749 1.15 1.34 1.66 1.99 2.32 2.91 2.40 2.80 3.55 4.69 5.50 7.02 8.38 9.31 9.89 11.2 11.6 9.54 11.3 12.8 15.3 15.2 20.7 22.1 25.4 31.0 33.3 17.8 24.2 29.8 31.3 36.5 25.3 29.4 34.6 42.8 45.0 52.8 57.1
4
cm 0.0621 0.0689 0.0783 0.160 0.181 0.215 0.219 0.262 0.391 0.449 0.550 0.676 0.783 0.973 1.26 1.47 1.85 1.60 1.88 2.37 2.81 3.10 3.28 3.67 3.80 4.29 5.05 5.70 6.69 8.16 11.0 11.7 13.4 16.3 17.4 7.79 10.5 12.8 13.4 15.5 8.85 10.2 12.0 14.7 15.4 17.9 19.2
Radius Of Gyration Axis x-x
Axis y-y
cm
cm
0.645 0.633 0.607 0.869 0.857 0.833 0.869 0.845 1.14 1.12 1.10 1.36 1.35 1.33 1.42 1.41 1.39 1.81 1.80 1.77 1.75 1.73 1.72 1.69 1.68 1.80 1.77 1.75 1.69 2.24 2.20 2.19 2.17 2.11 2.08 2.39 2.35 2.31 2.30 2.25 2.71 2.69 2.67 2.63 2.62 2.57 2.54
0.354 0.346 0.328 0.487 0.478 0.460 0.517 0.500 0.661 0.652 0.634 0.793 0.784 0.766 1.03 1.02 1.00 1.06 1.05 1.03 1.01 1.00 0.991 0.969 0.960 1.21 1.19 1.16 1.12 1.64 1.61 1.60 1.58 1.53 1.51 1.58 1.55 1.51 1.51 1.47 1.60 1.59 1.57 1.54 1.53 1.50 1.47
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Torsional Constants
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
3
3
3
3
cm 0.216 0.243 0.282 0.408 0.467 0.564 0.494 0.599 0.722 0 .836 1.04 1.05 1.22 1.53 1.26 1.48 1.87 1.87 2.20 2.81 3.35 3.72 3.95 4.47 4.65 3.81 4.52 5.13 6.10 5.07 6.88 7.36 8.46 10.3 11.1 5.49 7.46 9.18 9.63 11.2 6.76 7.85 9.23 11.4 12.0 14.1 15.2
cm 0.138 0.153 0.174 0.266 0.302 0.358 0.337 0.402 0.488 0.562 0.688 0.711 0.824 1.02 1.01 1.17 1.48 1.28 1.50 1.90 2.25 2.48 2.62 2.93 3.04 2.86 3.37 3.80 4.46 4.08 5.50 5.87 6.72 8.14 8.72 4.10 5.53 6.75 7.06 8.17 4.66 5.39 6.30 7.72 8.09 9.40 10.1
cm 0.283 0.323 0.390 0.521 0.604 0.749 0.632 0.786 0.905 1.06 1.34 1.30 1.53 1.95 1.52 1.79 2.30 2.31 2.73 3.53 4.26 4.78 5.11 5.86 6.14 4.74 5.70 6.57 8.05 6.12 8.44 9.06 10.5 13.2 14.3 6.70 9.24 11.5 12.2 14.5 8.3 9.7 11.5 14.5 15.3 18.3 19.9
cm 0 .165 0 .188 0 .224 0.310 0 .358 0 .440 0.398 0 .492 0.558 0.650 0.818 0.805 0.943 1.20 1.14 1.35 1.72 1.43 1.69 2.17 2.62 2.92 3.12 3.56 3.73 3.33 3.98 4.58 5.58 4.64 6.38 6.84 7.94 9.89 10.7 4.63 6.37 7.93 8.35 9.89 5.21 6.08 7.19 8.98 9.46 11.2 12.3
J
Surface Area Per Metre
C 4
cm 0 .165 0.187 0.222 0 .410 0 .473 0.582 0 .549 0.679 0.962 1.12 1.41 1.65 1.93 2.46 2.63 3.10 3.99 3.85 4.54 5.85 7.06 7.90 8.43 9.64 10.1 9.77 11.7 13.5 16.5 16.9 23.4 25.1 29.3 36.7 39.9 17.4 24.0 30.0 31.6 37.5 21.2 24.7 29.2 36.6 38.6 45.9 50.0
3
cm 0 .244 0.273 0.315 0 .467 0 .532 0.638 0 .586 0.707 0.847 0.978 1.21 1.23 1.43 1.79 1.66 1.94 2.45 2.22 2.59 3.29 3.92 4.34 4.60 5.18 5.38 4.84 5.72 6.49 7.71 6.72 9.10 9.72 11.2 13.7 14.7 6.91 9.36 11.5 12.1 14.0 8.03 9.30 10.9 13.4 14.1 16.5 17.8
2
m /m 0.0526 0.0519 0.0505 0.0706 0.0699 0.0685 0.0719 0.0705 0.0926 0.0919 0.0905 0.111 0.110 0.109 0.123 0.122 0.121 0.147 0.146 0.145 0.143 0.142 0.141 0.140 0.139 0.153 0.151 0.150 0.146 0.195 0.192 0.191 0.190 0.186 0.185 0.201 0.198 0.196 0.195 0.192 0.221 0.219 0.218 0.216 0.215 0.212 0.211 S N OI T C E S W O L L O H D L O C
* Sizes not included in BS EN 10219 Part 2 (1997)
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
115
COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS B y
Rectangular D
x
x t
Mass Per Metre
Designation Size Thickness
DxB
t
mm
mm
75x50
1.9 2.3 3.0 3.2 4.0 4.5 4.6 4.8 5.0 6.0 3.0 4.0 3.0 3.6 4.0 5.0 1.9 2.3 3.0 3.2 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 6.3 3.0 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 2.3 3.0 3.2 4.0 4.5 4.6 4.8 5.0 6.0 3.0 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0
80x40 90x50
100x50
100x60
C
100x75 O L D H O L L O W S E C T IO N S
120x60
120x80
Area Of Section A
kg/m * * * * * * * * * *
*
* * * *
*
* * * * * * * * * *
3.60 4.31 5.59 5.80 7.08 7.88 8.04 8.33 8.53 9.92 5.19 6.71 6.13 7.24 7.97 9.70 4.36 5.23 6.60 7.07 8.59 9.70 10.50 12.30 12.50 7.07 8.37 9.22 11.30 13.20 13.50 6.04 8.02 8.33 10.20 11.50 11.70 12.10 12.80 15.10 8.01 9.50 10.50 12.80 15.10 15.50 11.70 14.40 17.00 17.50 21.40
2
cm 4.51 5.40 6.91 7.33 8.95 9.92 10.1 10.5 10.9 12.6 6.61 8.55 7.81 9.23 10.1 12.4 5.46 6.55 8.41 8.93 10.9 12.2 13.4 15.6 15.9 9.01 10.7 11.7 14.4 16.8 17.2 7.70 9.91 10.5 12.9 14.4 14.7 15.3 15.9 18.6 10.2 12.1 13.3 16.4 19.2 19.7 14.9 18.4 21.6 22.2 27.2
Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y 4
cm 35.5 41.9 52.2 54.9 65.0 70.6 71.6 73.7 75.6 84.4 52.3 64.8 81.9 94.7 103 121 71.6 84.8 106 112 134 147 158 179 176 121 140 153 181 205 203 112 142 150 180 198 201 208 215 245 189 221 241 287 328 327 295 353 406 408 476
4
cm 19.1 22.4 27.8 29.2 34.3 37.2 37.7 38.8 39.7 44.1 17.6 21.5 32.7 37.7 40.7 47.4 24.5 29.0 36.1 38.0 44.9 48.9 52.5 58.7 58.2 54.6 63.3 68.7 80.8 91.2 90.9 72.3 91.1 96.2 115 127 129 133 137 156 64.4 74.8 81.2 96.0 109 109 157 188 215 217 252
Radius Of Gyration Axis x-x
Axis y-y
cm
cm
2.81 2.79 2.75 2.74 2.69 2.67 2.66 2.65 2.64 2.58 2.81 2.75 3.24 3.20 3.18 3.12 3.62 3.60 3.56 3.55 3.50 3.47 3.44 3.38 3.32 3.66 3.63 3.60 3.55 3.49 3.44 3.82 3.78 3.77 3.73 3.71 3.70 3.69 3.68 3.63 4.30 4.27 4.25 4.19 4.13 4.07 4.44 4.39 4.33 4.28 4.18
2.05 2.04 2.00 2.00 1.96 1.94 1.93 1.92 1.91 1.87 1.63 1.59 2.05 2.02 2.00 1.96 2.12 2.10 2.07 2.06 2.03 2.00 1.98 1.94 1.91 2.46 2.44 2.42 2.37 2.33 2.30 3.06 3.03 3.02 2.99 2.96 2.96 2.95 2.94 2.89 2.51 2.48 2.47 2.42 2.38 2.35 3.24 3.20 3.15 3.12 3.04
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Torsional Constants
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
3
3
3
3
cm 9.48 11.2 13.9 14.6 17.3 18.8 19.1 19.6 20.2 22.5 13.1 16.2 18.2 21.1 22.8 26.8 14.3 17.0 21.3 22.5 26.8 29.3 31.6 35.8 35.1 24.1 28.0 30.5 36.2 41.1 40.7 22.5 28.4 30.0 36.0 39.6 40.3 41.6 42.9 49.0 31.5 36.8 40.1 47.8 54.7 54.5 49.1 58.9 67.7 68.1 79.3
cm 7.62 8.96 11.1 11.7 13.7 14.9 15.1 15.5 15.9 17.6 8.78 10.7 13.1 15.1 16.3 18.9 9.82 11.6 14.4 15.2 18.0 19.5 21.0 23.5 23.3 18.2 21.1 22.9 26.9 30.4 30.3 19.3 24.3 25.6 30.8 33.7 34.3 35.4 36.5 41.6 21.5 24.9 27.1 32.0 36.3 36.4 39.3 46.9 53.8 54.3 62.9
cm 11.4 13.6 17.1 18.0 21.7 23.8 24.2 24.9 25.7 29.2 16.5 20.9 22.6 26.4 28.8 34.4 17.6 21.0 26.7 28.2 34.1 37.6 40.8 46.9 46.9 29.6 34.7 37.9 45.6 52.5 52.8 26.6 33.9 35.9 43.7 48.3 49.2 51.0 52.7 61.0 39.2 46.1 50.5 60.9 70.6 71.2 59.8 72.4 84.3 85.6 102.0
cm 8.65 10.3 12.9 13.6 16.3 17.9 18.2 18.8 19.3 21.9 10.2 12.8 15.0 17.5 19.1 22.7 10.9 13.0 16.4 17.4 20.9 23.0 25.0 28.5 28.6 20.8 24.3 26.6 31.9 36.6 36.9 21.9 27.9 29.5 35.9 39.6 40.3 41.8 43.2 49.9 24.2 28.4 31.1 37.4 43.1 43.7 45.2 54.7 63.5 64.7 76.9
J
Surface Area Per Metre
C 4
cm 39.5 46.9 59.3 62.6 75.3 82.7 84.1 86.8 89.5 102 43.9 55.2 76.7 89.6 97.7 116 58.7 69.9 88.6 93.7 113 124 135 154 158 122 143 156 188 216 223 138 177 187 228 253 257 267 276 320 156 184 201 242 280 289 331 402 469 488 584
3
cm 12.5 14.8 18.4 19.3 22.9 24.9 25.2 26.0 26.7 29.8 15.3 18.8 22.4 25.8 28.0 32.7 16.9 20.0 25.0 26.4 31.3 34.2 36.8 41.4 42.1 30.6 35.6 38.7 45.8 51.9 53.0 31.0 39.1 41.3 49.7 54.6 55.5 57.4 59.2 67.7 37.1 43.2 47.0 55.8 63.6 65.1 64.9 77.8 89.4 92.1 108.0
2
m /m 0.243 0.242 0.240 0.239 0.236 0.235 0.234 0.234 0.233 0.229 0.230 0.226 0.270 0.268 0.266 0.263 0.293 0.292 0.290 0.289 0.286 0.285 0.283 0.279 0.273 0.310 0.308 0.306 0.303 0.299 0.293 0.342 0.340 0.339 0.336 0.335 0.334 0.334 0.333 0.329 0.350 0.348 0.346 0.343 0.339 0.333 0.386 0.383 0.379 0.373 0.366
* Sizes not included in BS EN 10219 Part 2 (1997)
116
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS B y
Rectangular D
x
x t
Mass Per Metre
Designation Size Thickness
DxB mm 125x50
t
mm 2.3 3.0 3.2 4.0 4.5 4.6 4.8 5.0 6.0 6.4 125x75 2.3 3.0 3.2 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 6.4 150x50 3.0 3.2 4.0 4.5 4.6 4.8 5.0 6.0 6.4 150x75 3.0 3.2 4.0 4.5 4.6 4.8 5.0 6.0 6.4 9.0 150x100 3.0 3.2 4.0 4.5 4.6 4.8 5.0 6.0 6.3 6.4 8.0 9.0 9.5 12.7
Area Of Section A
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * *
kg/m 6.04 8.02 8.33 10.20 11.50 11.70 12.10 12.80 15.10 15.60 6.95 9.23 9.60 11.80 13.30 14.70 17.20 18.20 9.23 9.60 11.80 13.30 13.50 14.00 14.70 17.30 18.20 10.10 10.90 13.40 15.10 15.30 14.00 16.70 19.70 20.70 27.60 11.58 12.00 14.90 16.90 17.10 17.80 18.30 21.70 22.40 23.20 27.70 31.40 33.30 42.30
2
cm 7.70 9.91 10.5 12.9 14.4 14.7 15.3 15.9 18.6 19.4 8.85 11.4 12.1 14.9 16.7 18.4 21.6 22.6 11.4 12.1 14.9 16.7 17.0 17.7 18.4 21.6 22.6 12.9 13.7 16.9 18.9 19.3 20.1 20.9 24.6 25.8 34.5 14.4 15.3 18.9 21.2 21.6 22.5 23.4 27.6 28.5 29.0 35.2 39.0 40.8 50.1
Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y 4
cm 148 187 198 238 261 265 274 282 322 322 192 243 257 311 342 373 428 435 299 316 381 420 427 442 456 523 528 380 402 488 539 549 568 588 679 693 865 461 488 595 658 670 695 719 835 848 858 1008 1089 1127 1232
4
cm 35.5 44.4 46.7 55.6 60.6 61.5 63.4 65.2 73.3 74.0 87.5 111 117 141 155 168 192 196 52.6 55.5 66.2 72.2 73.4 75.7 77.9 87.9 89.3 130 137 166 183 186 192 198 228 233 287 248 262 319 352 358 371 384 444 453 458 536 577 597 655
Radius Of Gyration Axis x-x cm 4.39 4.34 4.33 4.28 4.25 4.25 4.23 4.22 4.16 4.08 4.65 4.61 4.60 4.56 4.53 4.50 4.45 4.39 5.12 5.10 5.05 5.02 5.01 5.00 4.99 4.92 4.84 5.42 5.41 5.37 5.34 5.33 5.32 5.31 5.25 5.19 5.01 5.65 5.64 5.60 5.58 5.57 5.56 5.55 5.50 5.45 5.44 5.35 5.29 5.26 4.96
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Torsional Constants
Axis y-y
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
cm 2.15 2.12 2.11 2.07 2.05 2.04 2.04 2.03 1.98 1.95 3.14 3.11 3.10 3.07 3.04 3.02 2.98 2.94 2.15 2.14 2.10 2.08 2.08 2.07 2.06 2.02 1.99 3.17 3.16 3.13 3.11 3.10 3.09 3.08 3.04 3.01 2.89 4.15 4.14 4.10 4.08 4.07 4.06 4.05 4.01 3.98 3.98 3.90 3.85 3.82 3.61
3
3
3
3
cm 23.7 29.9 31.6 38.0 41.7 42.4 43.8 45.2 51.5 51.6 30.6 38.9 41.1 49.7 54.8 59.6 68.5 69.6 39.8 42.1 50.9 56.0 57.0 58.9 60.8 69.8 70.4 50.6 53.6 65.1 71.9 73.2 75.8 78.4 90.5 92.4 115 61.4 65.1 79.3 87.7 89.4 92.7 95.9 111 113 114 134 145 150 164
cm 14.2 17.7 18.7 22.2 24.2 24.6 25.3 26.1 29.3 29.6 23.3 29.5 31.1 37.5 41.2 44.7 51.1 52.2 21.1 22.2 26.5 28.9 29.4 30.3 31.1 35.2 35.7 34.7 36.6 44.2 48.7 49.5 51.2 52.9 60.7 62.2 76.6 49.5 52.5 63.7 70.4 71.7 74.3 76.8 88.8 90.5 91.6 107 115 119 131
cm 29.9 38.1 40.4 49.0 54.2 55.2 57.2 59.1 68.3 69.6 37.0 47.3 50.1 61.1 67.7 74.1 86.2 88.5 51.4 54.5 66.5 73.6 75.0 77.8 80.5 93.5 95.7 62.5 66.3 81.1 90.0 91.7 95.2 98.6 115 119 153 73.5 78.0 95.7 106 108 113 117 137 140 142 169 185 192 221
cm 15.7 20.0 21.1 25.5 28.1 28.6 29.6 30.6 35.1 35.9 26.1 33.3 35.3 43.0 47.5 52.0 60.3 62.1 23.5 24.9 30.1 33.2 33.8 35.0 36.2 41.7 42.9 38.7 41.0 50.1 55.5 56.5 58.6 60.7 70.6 73.1 93.6 55.8 59.2 72.5 80.5 82.1 85.2 88.3 103 106 107 128 140 145 167
J
Surface Area Per Metre
C 4
cm 93.9 119 126 152 167 170 176 182 209 217 190 243 258 315 349 382 444 467 150 159 192 212 215 223 230 264 275 312 331 404 448 457 474 491 572 603 775 507 539 662 736 751 780 809 948 992 1005 1206 1320 1374 1619
3
cm 25.3 31.6 33.4 39.8 43.5 44.2 45.6 47.0 53.1 54.7 39.1 49.5 52.3 63.1 69.5 75.6 86.7 90.3 38.3 40.4 48.3 52.9 53.7 55.4 57.1 64.8 66.9 59.8 63.3 76.6 84.4 85.9 88.9 91.9 105.8 110.4 138.1 81.4 86.2 105 116 118 123 127 147 152 154 182 197 204 234
2
m /m 0.342 0.340 0.339 0.336 0.335 0.334 0.334 0.333 0.329 0.323 0.392 0.390 0.389 0.386 0.385 0.383 0.379 0.373 0.390 0.389 0.386 0.385 0.384 0.384 0.383 0.379 0.373 0.440 0.439 0.436 0.435 0.434 0.434 0.433 0.429 0.423 0.411 0.490 0.489 0.486 0.485 0.484 0.484 0.483 0.479 0.473 0.473 0.466 0.461 0.459 0.435 S N OI T C E S W O L L O H D L O C
* Sizes not included in BS EN 10219 Part 2 (1997)
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
117
COLD FORMED HOLLOW SECTIONS B y
Rectangular D
x
x t
Mass Per Metre
Designation Size Thickness
DxB
t
mm
mm
kg/m
5.0 6.0 8.0 4.8 6.4 9.5 12.7 4.8 6.4 9.5 12.7 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 9.0 9.5 12.0 12.7 4.5 6.0 6.3 9.0 9.5 12.0 12.7 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 9.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 6.0 6.3 10.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 9.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 6.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 12.0 12.5
17.50 20.70 26.40 19.70 25.70 37.10 47.30 21.60 28.30 40.90 52.40 18.00 20.50 22.30 26.40 27.40 33.90 40.52 40.90 49.10 52.40 25.40 31.10 33.30 45.30 48.40 58.50 62.50 30.10 35.80 37.20 46.50 52.30 57.00 66.00 68.30 35.8 37.2 57.0 45.20 47.10 59.10 66.50 72.70 84.80 88.00 54.70 71.60 80.60 88.40 104.00 108.00
160x80
175x100
175x125
200x100
200x150
250x150
C O L D H O L L O W
300x100 S E C T IO N
300x200 S
400x200
Area Of Section A
* * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * *
*
*
* * * *
2
cm 22.4 26.4 33.6 24.9 32.2 45.5 56.5 27.3 35.4 50.3 62.8 22.9 25.7 28.4 33.6 34.8 43.2 48.0 50.3 60.1 62.8 30.2 39.6 41.1 57.0 59.8 72.1 75.5 38.4 45.6 47.4 59.2 66.0 72.6 84.1 87.0 45.6 47.4 72.6 57.6 60.0 75.2 84.0 92.6 108 112 69.6 91.2 102 113 132 137
Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y 4
cm 722 836 1001 1013 1260 1673 1867 1187 1487 1999 2286 1200 1331 1459 1703 1739 2091 2276 2362 2607 2679 1761 2268 2330 3097 3225 3668 3794 3304 3886 4001 4886 5369 5825 6458 6633 4777 4907 7106 7370 7624 9389 10370 11310 12790 13180 14790 18970 21020 23000 26250 27100
4
cm 244 281 335 426 528 694 777 708 886 1184 1356 411 455 497 577 591 705 764 792 876 898 1135 1457 1499 1985 2066 2353 2432 1508 1768 1825 2219 2433 2634 2925 3002 842 868 1224 3962 4104 5042 5561 6058 6854 7060 5092 6517 7204 7864 8977 9260
Radius Of Gyration Axis x-x
Axis y-y
cm
cm
5.68 5.62 5.46 6.38 6.26 6.06 5.75 6.60 6.49 6.30 6.03 7.23 7.20 7.17 7.12 7.06 6.95 6.89 6.85 6.59 6.53 7.64 7.56 7.53 7.37 7.34 7.14 7.09 9.28 9.23 9.18 9.08 9.02 8.96 8.77 8.73 10 10 10 11.3 11.3 11.2 11.1 11.1 10.9 10.8 14.6 14.4 14.4 14.3 14.1 14.1
3.30 3.26 3.16 4.14 4.05 3.90 3.71 5.09 5.01 4.85 4.65 4.23 4.21 4.19 4.14 4.12 4.04 3.99 3.97 3.82 3.78 6.13 6.06 6.04 5.90 5.88 5.71 5.67 6.27 6.23 6.20 6.12 6.07 6.02 5.90 5.87 4.30 4.28 4.11 8.29 8.27 8.19 8.14 8.09 7.96 7.94 8.55 8.45 8.40 8.36 8.24 8.22
Elastic Modulus
Plastic Modulus
Torsional Constants
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
Axis x-x
Axis y-y
3
3
3
3
cm 90.2 105 125 116 144 191 213 136 170 228 261 120 133 146 170 174 209 228 236 261 268 176 227 233 310 322 367 379 264 311 320 391 430 466 517 531 318 327 474 491 508 626 691 754 853 879 739 949 1051 1150 1312 1355
cm 61.0 70.2 83.7 85.2 106 139 155 113 142 189 217 82.2 90.9 99.4 115 118 141 153 158 175 180 151 194 200 265 275 314 324 201 236 243 296 324 351 390 400 168 174 245 396 410 504 556 606 685 706 509 652 720 786 898 926
cm 113 132 163 142 180 246 288 163 207 285 340 148 165 181 213 219 267 293 306 350 363 209 271 280 379 396 463 482 320 378 391 482 533 582 658 678 411 425 631 588 610 757 840 921 1056 1091 906 1173 1305 1434 1656 1714
cm 69.7 81.3 100 96.7 122 166 195 129 164 226 270 91.7 102 112 132 135 165 180 188 215 223 172 223 230 312 326 380 396 225 266 276 340 375 409 463 477 188 194 285 446 463 574 637 698 801 828 562 728 809 888 1027 1062
J
Surface Area Per Metre
C 4
cm 601 702 882 969 1251 1719 2052 1410 1832 2554 3129 985 1097 1206 1417 1483 1811 1988 2073 2414 2496 2169 2826 2965 4055 4244 5099 5316 3285 3886 4078 5050 5596 6121 7088 7315 2403 2515 3681 8115 8524 10630 11820 12990 15240 15770 12070 15820 17620 19370 22780 23590
3
cm 106 122 150 144 182 243 283 184 234 317 377 142 157 172 200 208 250 272 282 322 331 243 313 325 435 454 532 552 337 396 412 504 554 602 684 704 306 318 455 651 680 838 927 1012 1167 1204 877 1133 1255 1373 1591 1644
2
m /m 0.463 0.459 0.446 0.534 0.523 0.509 0.485 0.584 0.573 0.559 0.535 0.586 0.585 0.583 0.579 0.573 0.566 0.561 0.559 0.538 0.535 0.685 0.679 0.673 0.661 0.659 0.638 0.635 0.783 0.779 0.773 0.766 0.761 0.757 0.738 0.736 0.779 0.773 0.757 0.979 0.973 0.966 0.961 0.957 0.938 0.936 1.18 1.17 1.16 1.16 1.14 1.14
* Sizes not included in BS EN 10219 Part 2 (1997)
118
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
CHANNELS
116
Channels
Rolling tolerances – EN 10279 : 2000 This European standard specifies requirements for the tolerances on dimensions, shape and mass on hot rolled steel channels with parallel flanges.
Designation
Property Height h Flange width
Range
Tolerance
mm h 65 65< h 200 200< h 400 400 < h
mm ± 1.5 ± 2.0 ± 3.0 ± 4.0
b 50
± 1.5
50 < b b Web thickness s Flange thickness
100 < b
100
± 2.5
125 < b
± 3.0
s 10
± 0.5
10 s 15
± 0.7
15 s
± 1.0
t 10 10 t 15
t
± 2.0
125
15 t
-0.5 -1
Tolerance limited by weight
-1.5
Heel radius r 3 Out of squareness
All Sizes
< 0.3 * t
b 100
2
K + K’
100 < b
2% of b
Web flatness
h 100
± 0.5
f
100< h 200
± 1.0
200< h 400
± 1.5
400 < h
± 1.5
Straightness (x direction)
Straightness (y direction) Mass per unit length
kg/m
h 150
0.30% L
150< h 300
0.20% L
300 < h
0.15% L
h 150
0.50% L
150< h 300
0.30% L
300 < h
0.20% L
h 125
± 6.0%
125 < h
± 4.0%
S L E N N A H C
Length Standard Alternative Standard (by agreement)
L
All
100
0
All
50
-50
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
119
CHANNELS y
Tapered Flange
r2
T r1
D
x
x cy
t B
Metric Designation Size
Thickness
Root
Radius
Area
Centre
Second
Radius
Elastic
Of Section
Of Gravity
Moment Of Are a
Of Gyration
Modulus
Mass Per Metre
Web
t
T
r1
r2
mm
kg/m
mm
mm
mm
mm
cm
50x25x5
3.86
5.0
6.0
6
3
75x40x5
6.92
5.0
7.0
8
100x50x5
9.36
5.0
7.5
125x65x6
13.40
6.0
150x75x6.5
18.60
150x75x9
DxBxt
Flange
Toe
y
A
Cy
rx
ry
cm
cm
cm
2.49
1.85
0.71
6.73
1.48
75.9
12.4
2.93
1.19
20.2
4.54
1.55
189
26.9
3.99
1.50
37.8
7.82
17.1
1.94
425
65.5
4.99
1.96
68.0
14.4
5
23.7
2.31
864
122
6.04
2.27
115
23.6
15
7.5
30.5
2.31
1060
151
5.90
2.22
141
29.1
10.5
11
5.5
27.2
2.15
1380
137
7.12
2.24
154
25.5
7.5
11.0
12
6
31.3
2.24
1950
177
7.89
2.38
195
30.8
30.30
8.0
13.5
14
7
38.7
2.77
2490
286
8.02
2.72
249
45.9
230x80x8
28.40
8.0
12.0
13
6.5
36.1
2.15
2900
200
8.96
2.35
252
34.2
250x90x9
34.60
9.0
13.0
14
7
44.1
2.42
4180
306
9.74
2.63
335
46.5
250x90x11
40.20
11.0
14.5
17
8.5
51.2
2.39
4690
342
9.47
2.58
375
51.7
300x90x9
38.10
9.0
12.0
14
7
48.6
2.23
6440
325
11.5
2.59
429
48.0
300x90x10
43.80
10.0
15.5
19
9.5
55.7
2.33
7400
373
11.5
2.59
494
56.0
300x90x12
48.60
12.0
16.0
19
9.5
61.9
2.28
7870
379
11.3
2.48
525
56.4
380x100x10.5
54.50
10.5
16.0
18
9
69.4
2.41
14500
557
14.5
2.83
762
73.3
380x100x13
62.00
13.0
16.5
18
9
79.0
2.29
15600
584
14.1
2.72
822
75.8
380x100x13
67.30
13.0
20.0
24
12
85.7
2.25
17600
655
14.3
2.76
926
87.8
2
Ix
Iy 4
cm
cm
4.92
0.81
16.8
4
8.82
1.27
8
4
11.9
8.0
8
4
6.5
10.0
10
24.00
9.0
12.5
180x75x7
21.40
7.0
200x80x7.5
24.60
200x90x8
cm
4
Zx 3
Zy cm4
Note : The flange thickness is measured at the centre of the flange
C H A N N E L S
120
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
CHANNELS y
Tapered Flange
T D x
x
t
Cy
B
Imperial Designation Size
Mass Per Metre
Depth Width Thickness Area Of Of Web Flange Of Section Section Section T
A
Centre Of Gravity Cy
Second moment Of Area Ix
y
Radius Of Gyration
Iy
rx
ry
Elastic Modulus
Zx
Plastic Modulus
t B mm mm
Zy
Sx
mm
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm
Sy
in x in
lb/ft
kg/m
D mm
3x11/2
4.5
6.7
76.2
38.1
5.1
6.8
8.62
1.12
75.1
10.1
2.95
1.08
19.71
3.78
23.7
7.5
4x2
7
10.42
101.6
50.8
6.1
7.6
13.16
1.41
206
27.7
3.95
1.48
40.51
7.64
48.7
14.9
5x21/2
10
14.90
127.0
63.5
6.4
9.2
18.79
1.82
477
64.7
5.04
1.88
75.1
14.5
89.1
27.7
6x3
12
17.88
152.4
76.2
6.4
9.0
22.48
2.04
838
109
6.11
2.24
110
20
129
38.3
6x31/2
16
23.84
152.4
88.9
7.1
11.6
30.02
2.67
1154
210
6.20
2.66
151.4
34.5
177
63.7
7x3
14
20.84
177.8
76.2
6.6
10.3
26.39
2.05
1329
1 29
7.10
2.25
149.5
23.6
176
45.3
2
4
4
3
3
3
3
cm
(British Channels) Note : The flange thickness is measured at the centre of the flange
S L E N N A H C
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
121
CHANNELS y
Tapered Flange
T D x
x
t B
Imperial Designation Size
Mass Per Metre
Depth Of Section
Width Thickness Area Of Web Flange Of Section Section T
A
Centre Of Gravity Cy
Second moment Of Area Ix
Radius Of Gyration
Iy
rx
ry
Elastic Modulus
t B mm mm
mm
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm
in x in
lb/ft
kg/m
3x13/8
4.1
6.1
76.2
35.0
4.3
6.9
7.81
1.06
69.11
8.0
2.98
1.01
3x11/2
5
7.4
76.2
37.0
6.6
6.9
9.48
1.06
76.58
9.6
2.85
3x15/8
6
8.90
76.2
40.0
9
6.9
11.30
1.13
86.37
12.1
4x15/8
5.4 8 .00
101.6
40.0
4.7
7.5
10.30
1.15
160.3
4x13/4
7.2 10.80
101.6
43.0
8.2
7.5
13.70
1.13
5x13/4
6.7 10.40
127.0
47.0
4.8
8.1
12.70
13.00
127.0
48.0
8.3
8.1
8.2 12.20
152.4
48.0
5.1
10.5
15.60
152.4
51.0
6X21/8
13
19.30
152.4
7x21/8
9.8
14.60
7x21/4
12.25
7x21/4
2
4
4
Zx 3
Plastic Modulus
Zy 3
Sx 3
Sy cm3
cm
cm
18.14
3.27
21.7
6.4
1.01
20.1
3.65
24.9
7.36
2.76
1.03
22.67
4.2
28.7
8.8
13.8
3.97
1.16
31.56
4.89
37.8
9.4
190.8
17.4
3.72
1.12
37.56
5.48
47
11.3
1.29
332.4
24.3
5.01
1.36
52.34
7.19
61.8
14.1
17.00
1.21
371.3
27.4
4.66
1.27
58.47
7.65
73.1
15.3
8.7
15.50
1.26
548.4
29.2
5.94
1.37
72
8.3
85.6
16.1
8
8.7
19.90
1.24
630
36
5.63
1.35
82.68
9.36
103
18.7
54.0
11.1
8.7
24.70
1.28
720.8
42.4
5.41
1.31
94.59
10.3
121
22.1
177.8
53.0
5.3
9.3
18.50
1.36
895.5
42.7
6 .94
1.52
100.7
10.9
120
21.1
18.20
177.8
55.0
8
9.3
23.20
1.31
1007
49.2
6.59
1.46
113.3
11.8
140
23.4
14.75
22.00
177.8
58.0
10.6
9.3
27.90
1.33
1143
56.8
6.39
1.42
128.6
12.7
163
27
8x21/4
11.5
17.10
203.0
57.0
5.6
9.9
21.80
1.44
1340
53.8
7.86
1.57
132
12.6
156
27.6
8x23/8
13.7
20.50
203.0
59.0
7.7
9.9
26.10
1.39
1490
62
7.57
1.54
147
13.7
177
30
8x21/2
18.5
27.90
203.0
64.0
12.4
9.9
35.50
1.43
1820
81.7
7.15
1.51
179
16.4
226
35.9
9x23/8
13.4
19.90
228.6
61.0
5.9
10.5
25.40
1.50
1991
76.1
8.86
1.73
174.2
16.7
208
31.9
9x21/2
15
22.00
228.6
63.0
7.2
10.5
28.10
1.49
2132
85.3
8 .66
1.73
186.5
17.8
226
34.3
9x25/8
20
30.00
228.6
67.0
11.4
10.5
37.90
1.47
2544
1 03
8.19
1.65
222.5
19.8
282
41
10x25/8
15.3
22.80
254.0
65.0
6.1
11.1
29.00
1.58
2770
91.2
9 .81
1.78
218
18.5
257
40.3
10x23/4
20
30.00
254.0
69.0
9.6
11.1
37.90
1.53
3260
114
9.29
1.74
257
21.2
315
46.5
10x27/8
25
37.00
254.0
73.0
13.4
11.1
47.40
1.56
3790
138
8.93
1.70
298
24
377
52.6
10x3
30
45.00
254.0
76.0
17.1
11.1
56.90
1.63
4270
158
8.68
1.67
336
26.5
434
57.4
12x3
20.7
30.80
305.0
74.0
7.2
12.7
39.30
1.74
5340
157
11.70
2.00
350
27.7
415
60.2
12x3
25
37.00
305.0
77.0
9.8
12.7
47.40
1.70
5970
183
11.20
1.97
391
30.5
477
66
12x31/8
30
45.00
305.0
80.0
13
12.7
56.90
1.70
6720
2 09
10.90
1.92
441
33.2
551
72.1
15x33/8
33.9
50.40
381.0
86.0
10.2
16.5
64.30
1.99
13100
334
14.30
2.28
688
50.5
825
107
15x31/2
40
60.00
381.0
89.0
13.2
1 6.5
76.10
1.97
14400
379
13.80
2.24
756
54.7
934
115
15x33/4
50
74.00
381.0
94.0
18.2
16.5
94.80
2.02
16700
454
13.30
2.19
877
61.5
1120
130
9
6x17/8 6x2
(American Standard Channels)
122
y
D mm
5x17/8
C H A N N E L S
Cy
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
CHANNELS y
Tapered Flange
T D x
x
t
Cy
B
Imperial Designation Size
Mass Per Metre
Depth Of Section
Width Thickness Area Of Web Flange Of Section Section t B mm mm
mm
ry
cm
cm
152.0
63.0
7.9
9.5
773
69.8
5.83
1.75
101.7
22.50
152.0
74.0
8
2.18
1033
1 34
6.01
2.16
15.3
22.80
152.0
88.0
29.00
2.31
1050
178
6.01
6x3
16.3
24.30
152.0
12.1
30.90
2.17
1081
147
6x31/2
18
26.80
9.6
12.1
34.10
2.53
1223
7x31/2
19.1
87.0
8.9
127.0
36.20
2.46
7x35/8
178.0
91.0
12.8
12.7
43.00
12.60
203.0
47.0
4.5
7.9
18.7
27.80
203.0
75.0
9
8x3
20
29.80
203.0
76.0
8x31/2
21.4
31.80
203.0
8x31/2
22.8
33.90
9x31/2
23.9
9x31/2
D mm
6x21/2
12
17.90
6x3
15.1
6x31/2
2
Ix
Iy
Elastic Modulus
cm
kg/m
Cy
Radius Of Gyration rx
lb/ft
A
Second moment Of Area
cm
in x in
T
Centre Of Gravity
y
4
cm
cm
22.80
1.63
12.1
28.60
8.6
9.8
76.0
9.5
152.0
88.0
28.40
178.0
22.7
33.80
8x17/8
8.5
8x3
cm
4
Zx
Plastic Modulus
Zy 3
cm
3
Sx 3
Sy 3
cm
cm
15.1
123
29.6
135.9
25.8
162
49.7
2.48
138.2
27.9
164
55.2
5.91
2.17
142.2
27.2
171
53.3
219
5.99
2.54
160.9
35.4
192
68.7
1797
230
7.05
2.52
201.9
37.4
239
72.2
2.42
1973
271
6.77
2.51
221.7
40.8
271
80.9
16.10
1.07
971.2
27.1
7 .77
1.30
95.69
7.53
115
14.5
12.7
35.50
1.99
2171
1 60
7.83
2.13
213.9
29.3
258
56.8
10.2
12.7
37.90
1.97
2261
167
7.72
2.10
222.7
29.8
271
58.7
87.0
9.5
13.3
40.50
2.36
2555
251
7.94
2.49
251.7
40
300
78
203.0
88.0
10.8
13.3
43.2
2.33
2645
262
7.83
2.46
260.6
40.7
314
80.3
35.60
229.0
87.0
10.2
14.0
45.30
2.29
3547
275
8.84
2.46
309.8
43.2
373
83.8
25.4
37.80
229.0
88.0
11.4
14.0
48.20
2.26
3670
286
8.73
2.44
320.5
43.9
389
86.3
10x11/2
8.4
12.50
254.0
38.0
4.3
7.1
15.90
0.71
1354
14.1
9.20
0.94
106.6
4.59
132
9.14
10x33/8
22
33.00
254.0
84.0
7.4
14.6
41.60
2.30
4310
255
10.13
2.46
339.4
42.2
397
81.3
10x33/8
25
37.00
254.0
86.0
9.7
14.0
47.40
2.25
4543
285
9.81
2.46
357.7
45.3
430
86.5
10x4
28.5
42.40
254.0
100.0
10.8 .614.6
54.00
2.58
5257
433
9.87
2.83
414
59
496
114
10x41/8
33.6
50.00
254.0
104.0
145
14.6
63.70
2.55
5750
498
9.52
2.80
452.8
63.8
558
126
10x43/8
41.1
61.20
254.0
110.0
20.2
14.6
78.10
2.59
6550
582
9.17
2.73
515.8
69.2
654
146
12x11/2
10.6
15.80
305.0
38.0
4.8
7.8
20.00
0.69
2338
15.9
10.78
0.89
153.3
5.08
196
10.8
12X35/8
31
46.00
305.0
93.0
9.4
17.8
58.90
2.61
8292
436
12.00
2.74
543.7
65
661
129
12x33/4
35
52.00
305.0
96.0
11.8
17.8
66.20
2.55
8998
487
11.67
2 .71
590.1
68.7
726
138
12x37/8
40
60.00
305.0
98.0
15
17.8
76.10
2.48
9732
526
11.33
2.63
638.2
71.5
798
146
12x4
45
67.00
305.0
102.0
18
17.8
85.02
2.53
10510
597
11.10
2.65
689
77.5
873
161
12x41/8
50
74.00
305.0
105.0
21.2
17.8
94.80
2.59
11140
664
10.87
2.65
7 30.7
83.5
939
175
13x4
31.8
47.30
330.0
102.0
9.5
15.5
60.30
2.58
9986
500
12.87
2 .88
605.2
65.1
739
136
13x41/8
35
52.00
330.0
103.0
11.4
15.5
66.40
2.50
10500
526
12.58
2.82
636.1
67
786
140
13x41/8
40
60.00
330.0
106.0
14.2
15.5
76.01
2.45
11470
576
12.27
2.75
6 94.9
70.2
870
150
13x43/8
50
74.00
330.0
112.0
20
15.5
94.80
2.52
12990
708
11.74
2.74
787.4
81
1016
175
18x4
42.7
63.50
457.0
100.0
11.4
15.9
81.30
2.11
23040
535
16.88
2 .57
1008
67.4
1263
141
18x4
45.8
68.20
457.0
102.0
12.7
15.9
87.10
2.12
24010
576
16.64
2 .58
1051
70.9
1330
149
18x41/8
51.9
77.20
457.0
104.0
15.2
15.9
98.70
2.10
26090
611
1 6.29
2.49
1142
73.2
1463
159
18x41/8
58
86.00
457.0
107.0
17.8
15.9
110.00
2.14
27850
682
16.00
2.50
1219
79.3
1587
173
S L E N N A H C
(American Standard Channels)
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
123
CHANNELS y
Parallel Flange
T r1 D
x
x cy t B
Designation Size Mass Per DxB Metre 100x50 125x65 150x75 150x90 180x75 180x90 200x75 200x90 230x75 230x90 250x90 260x75 260x90 300x90 300x100 380x100 430x100
kg/m
mm
mm
mm
mm
10.2 14.8 17.9 23.9 20.3 26.1 23.4 29.7 25.7 32.2 35.5 27.6 34.8 41.4 45.5 54.0 64.4
5.0 5.5 5.5 6.5 6.0 6.5 6.0 7.0 6.5 7.5 8.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 9.0 9.5 11.0
8.5 9.5 10.0 12.0 10.5 12.5 12.5 14.0 12.5 14.0 15.0 12.0 14.0 15.5 16.5 17.5 19.0
9 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 15 15 15
65.0 82.0 106 102 135 131 151 148 181 178 220 212 208 245 237 315 362
Designation Size Mass Per DxB Metre 100x50 125x65 150x75 150x90 180x75 180x90 200x75 200x90 230x75 230x90 250x90 260x75 260x90 300x90 300x100 380x100 430x100
Thickness Root Depth Area Of Web Flange Radius Between Section Fillets t T r1 d A
Radius Of Gyration Axis Axis x-x y-y
kg/m
cm
cm
10.2 14.8 17.9 23.9 20.3 26.1 23.4 29.7 25.7 32.2 35.5 27.6 34.8 41.4 45.5 54.0 64.4
4.00 5.07 6.15 6.18 7.27 7.40 8.11 8.16 9.17 9.27 9.99 10.1 10.3 11.7 11.9 14.8 16.3
1.58 2.06 2.40 2.89 2.38 2.89 2.39 2.89 2.35 2.86 2.84 2.30 2.82 2.77 3.13 3.06 2.97
Elastic Modulus Axis Axis x-x y-y 3
cm 41.5 77.3 115 155 152 202 196 252 239 306 361 278 364 481 549 791 1020
3
cm 9.89 18.8 26.6 44.4 28.8 47.4 33.8 53.4 34.8 55.0 59.3 34.4 56.3 63.1 81.7 89.2 97.9
2
cm 13.0 18.8 22.8 30.4 25.9 33.2 29.9 37.9 32.7 41.0 45.2 35.1 44.4 52.7 58.0 68.7 82.1
Centre Of Gravity Cy
cm 48.9 89.9 132 179 176 232 227 291 278 355 421 328 425 568 641 933 1222
B/T
d/t
1.73 2.25 2.58 3.30 2.41 3.17 2.48 3.12 2.30 2.92 2.86 2.10 2.74 2.60 3.05 2.79 2.62
5.88 6.84 7.50 7.50 7.14 7.20 6.00 6.43 6.00 6.43 6.00 6.25 6.43 5.81 6.06 5.71 5.26
cm 17.5 33.2 47.2 76.9 51.8 83.5 60.6 94.5 63.2 98.9 107 62.0 102 114 148 161 176
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Second Moment Of Area Axis Axis x-x y-y 4
4
13.0 14.9 19.3 15.7 22.5 20.2 25.2 21.1 27.8 23.7 27.5 30.3 26.0 27.2 26.3 33.2 32.9
cm 208 483 861 1162 1370 1817 1963 2523 2748 3518 4510 3619 4728 7218 8229 15030 21940
cm 32.3 80.0 131 253 146 277 170 314 181 334 364 185 353 404 568 643 722
Buckling Parameter
Torsional Index
Warping Constant
Torsional Constant
u
x
H
J
3
C H A N N E L S
124
Ratios For Local Buckling Flange Web
cm
Plastic Modulus Axis Axis x-x y-y 3
y
6
0.942 0.942 0.946 0.936 0.946 0.949 0.956 0.954 0.947 0.950 0.948 0.932 0.942 0.934 0.944 0.932 0.917
10.0 11.1 13.1 10.8 15.3 12.8 14.8 12.9 17.3 15.1 15.5 20.5 17.2 18.4 17.0 21.2 22.5
dm 0.000491 0.00194 0.00467 0.00890 0.00754 0.0141 0.0107 0.0197 0.0153 0.0279 0.0359 0.0203 0.0379 0.0581 0.0813 0.150 0.219
4
cm 2.53 4.72 6.10 11.8 7.34 13.3 11.1 18.3 11.8 19.3 23.8 11.7 20.6 28.8 36.8 45.7 63.0
PURLINS
122
Purlins
General
S N I L R U P
Introduction Light-gauge plain and lipped channels are cold roll-formed from hot-rolled steel strips/coils of material according to JIS 3101 Grade SS400 (1995), or EN 10025 (1993). The sections are cold roll-formed according to JIS 3350 Grade SSC400 (1987), SPIM C100, SS104 (1996), or BS 5950 Part 7 (1992). The cold roll-forming of channels produces sections with excellent mechanical properties and yet light in weight. They are specially designed to ensure the ability to resist forces applied onto them. High-tensile galvanised C and Z purlins (sections) are cold roll-formed from high tensile Zinc coated steel sheets according to ASTM A446 (replaced by ASTM A653 (1997) and A924 (1997). Due to the lightweight, the high strength of the steel and the Zinc-coated surface, high-tensile galvanised C and Z purlins are versatile and economic in use. They require minimal maintenance throughout the life span of the buildings. The light-gauge channels and high-tensile galvanised purlins are suitable for roofing and wall cladding supports and for structural frames of buildings. Because of the lightweight of the sections, no heavy equipment is needed to move them from one place to another, or for the fabrication of the structure.
Z-Purlin
C-Purlin
Figure 9 – C and Z Purlins
Material specifications Light-Gauge Plain and Lipped Channels Specification
Strength Yield 2
N/mm
Tolerances
Tensile 2
Height
Side
Lip
Corner
N/mm
H<150
150-300
H>300
min. 245
400-540
±1.5mm
±2.0mm
±3.0mm
±1.5mm
±2.0mm
±1.5°
-
min. 295
±1.5mm
±2.0mm
±3.0mm
±1.5mm
±2.0mm
-
SS 104
250/450
430/480
±1.5mm
±2.0mm
±3.0mm
±1.5mm
±2.0mm
±1.0°
BS5950 Part7*
min. 235
340-470
±1.0mm
±1.25mm
±2.0mm
As for Height
±2.0/±3.0
±1.0°
JIS 3350 SSC400 SPIM C100
Notes:
Angle
*For BS5950 Part 7: The yield and tensile strengths are given by EN 10025 (1993) and are the smallest strengths from this standard. The intervals between h eights are: H<50mm, 50-100, 100-200, H>200mm (first interval excluded here). The tolerance for th e side length is split in two t<3mm/ 3 t <8mm.
Table 19 – Purlins: Material specifications and tolerances
125
PURLINS
P U R L I N S
123
Specification
Length
JIS 3350 SSC400
Thickness
L 7m
L>7m
*L6m
*L>6m
+40mm
7m+Xm: X*5mm
-0mm
1.6mm
2.0mm
2.8mm
-2.3mm
3.0mm
4.0mm
-3.2mm
-4.5mm
6.0mm
±0.22mm
±0.25mm
±0.28mm
±0.30mm
±0.45mm
±0.60mm
±0.22mm
±0.25mm
±0.28mm
±0.30mm
±0.45mm
±0.60mm
+0.20mm
+0.20mm
+0.25mm
+0.30mm
+0.35mm
+0.40mm
-0.10mm
-0.12mm
-0.15mm
-0.17mm
-0.20mm
-0.22mm
±0.17mm
±0.18mm
±0.20mm
±0.22mm
±0.24mm
±0.26mm
+40mm SPIM C100
+40mm -0mm
7m+Xm: X*5mm +40mm
+30mm
SS104*
-5.0mm
6m+Xm: X*5mm +40mm
±3.0mm
BS5950 P7** Notes:
*For SS104 the tolerance for the length has a change at 6 metres, and the intervals between the thickness are: t<2.0mm, 2.0-2.5, 2.5-3.0, 3.0-3.5, 3.5-4.0, 4.0-4.5, 4.5-5.0, 5.0-6.0mm (the two last intervals excluded from the table). **For BS5950 Part 7 the intervals between thickness are: t<2.0mm, 2.0-2.5, 2.5-3.0, 3.0-4.0, 4.0-5.0, 5.0-6.0, 6.07.0, 8.0-10.0, 10.0-12.5, 12.5-15.0, 15.0-25.0mm, (the five last intervals excluded from the table).
Table 20 – Purlins: Tolerances on length and thickness
High-Tensile Galvanised C and Z Purlins Steel grade
AS 1397 G450 AS 1397 G500 AS 1397 G550
Base steel
Mechanical properties
Thickness
Yield strength
mm
N/mm
N/mm
%
1.5, 1.9, 2.4, 3.0 1.2 1.0
450 500 550
490 520 550
9 7 2
2
Tensile strength 2
Minimum elongation
Chemical properties C
P
Mn
Max (%) Max (%) Max (%) 0.2 0.2 0.2
0.04 0.04 0.04
1.2 1.2 1.2
S Max (%) 0.03 0.03 0.03
Table 21 – High-Tensile Galvanised Purlins: Mechanical properties/Tolerances
Storage and handling C and Z Purlins should be kept dry during storage before use. They should be stacked clear of the ground with timber sleepers and covered to prevent bundles from getting wet. If bundles become wet during transportation or storage, the purlins must be separated and wiped dry with clean cloth as soon as possible. Care must be taken to prevent bundles or loose pieces from dropping to the ground or banging against the building during loading and unloading, or when lifting onto the top of the building.
126
PURLINS
124
Holing and cleating for C Purlins
S N I L R U P
The figures under show the positioning of the holes on both the purlins. Z and C sections are normally supplied with holes punched to the Australian institute Steel Construction (AISC) gauge lines, except, in Victoria where the 150 series sections are punched to the structural Steel Fabricators Association, Victoria recommended gauge lines. 35mm
22mm
G (Gauge line) DH
Nominal section size (mm)
G (mm)
DH (mm)
100 150-Victoria only
40 70
18 18
150-other states 200
60 110
18 18
250 300 350
160 210 210
18 22 22
Figure 10 – Holing and cleats for C purlins
The holes are required at cleat supports at ends of laps and at bridging points. For the webs of 300 and 350 sections, centreline holes are also available on request, and may be combined with cleat holes to provide 3-bolt fastening to the cleats. For the 100, 150, 200, and 250 deep sections the holes are elongated with dimensions of 18mm x 22mm suitable for M12 bolts. For the 300 and 350 deep sections the holes are 22mm diameter suitable for M16 bolts. Sections are also available unpunched if required.
127
PURLINS
125
130 mm
P U R L I N S
80 mm
X
Y
B
Nominal section size (mm)
X
B
Y
t (thickness)
Gap
DH
100
40
40
105
8
10
18
150-Victoria only 150-other states
70 60
50 55
145 145
8 8
6010 10
18 18
200
110
55
195
8
10
18
250 300
160 210
55 65
245 305
8 12
10 20
18 22
350
260
65
355
12
20
22
Table 22 – High-Tensile Galvanised Purlins: Cleat holes position
128
PURLINS
Plain Channels
t cy D
x
x
y
Designation Size Mass Per Metre DxB mm kg/m
Thickness
Area Centre Of Of Section Gravity Cy cm
Ix cm
Radius Of Gyration
Iy
rx cm
ry cm
Elastic Modulus
Zx
Plastic Modulus
case b Zy Sx
Sy
Buckling Torsional Constant Index
cm
60x30 1.44
1.6
1.84
0.823
10.3
1.63
2.37 0.944
3.45
0.75
4.00 1.37
0.897
29.7
0.0101
0.0165
2.03
2.3
2.59
0.856
14.2
2.25
2.34 0.932
4.72
1.05
5.54 1.94
0.891
20.4
0.0138
0.0490
75x45 2.00
1.6
2.56
1.30
23.9
5.37
3.06
1.45
6.37
1.68
7.22 5.85
0.891
37.7
0.0528
0.0226
2.84
2.3
3.62
1.34
33.1
7.49
3.02
1.44
8.83
2.37
10.1 7.83
0.885
26.1
0.0739
0.0673
3.65
3.0
4.65
1.37
41.7
9.46
2.99
1.43
11.1
3.02
12.9 9.51
0.878
19.9
0.0939
0.150
2.44
1.6
3.12
1.32
50.0
7.87
4.01
1.59
10.0
2.14
11.5 3.88
0.901
50.1
0.136
0.0274
3.47
2.3
4.43
1.36
69.9
11.0
3.97
1.58
14.0
3.03
16.1 5.52
0.898
34.6
0.189
0.0815
4.47
3.0
5.70
1.39
88.6
14.0
3.94
1.57
17.7
3.88
20.6 7.12
0.895
26.3
0.240
0.181
5.87
4.0
7.47
1.43
113.3
18.0
3.89
1.55
22.7
5.05
26.6 9.37
0.890
19.5
0.307
0.430
3.92
2.3
5.00
1.21
117
11.8
4.85
1.54
18.8
3.12
22.0 5.72
0.900
43.2
0.315
0.0916
5.06
3.0
6.45
1.24
149
15.1
4.81
1.53
23.9
4.01
28.2 7.46
0.898
32.7
0.397
0.204
6.65
4.0
8.47
1.29
192
19.4
4.76
1.51
30.7
5.22
36.6 9.97
0.896
24.2
0.505
0.483
7.42
4.5
9.46
1.31
212
21.4
4.74
1.51
34.0
5.81
40.6 11.2
0.895
21.3
0.555
0.689
4.91
2.3
6.27
1.61
218
25.8
5.90
2.03
29.1
5.29
33.7 9.56
0.902
52.2
1.00
0.114
6.36
3.0
8.10
1.64
279
33.1
5.87
2.02
37.2
6.81
43.4 12.4
0.900
39.7
1.27
0.253
8.38
4.0
10.67
1.69
361
42.9
5.82
2.00
48.2
8.91
56.6 16.5
0.898
29.4
1.63
0.601
9.36
4.5
11.9
1.71
401
47.6
5.79
2.00
53.4
9.94
63.0 18.5
0.897
26.0
1.81
0.856
5.73
2.3
7.30
1.83
347
40.2
6.89
2.35
39.7
7.09
45.9 12.8
0.902
61.1
2.12
0.132
7.42
3.0
9.45
1.86
445
51.5
6.86
2.33
50.8
9.14
59.1 16.6
0.901
46.5
2.70
0.294
9.79
4.0
12.47
1.91
579
67.1
6.81
2.32
66.1
12.0
77.4 22.1
0.899
34.6
3.49
0.697
10.95
4.5
14.0
1.93
643
74.6
6.79
2.31
73.5
13.4
86.3 24.8
0.898
30.6
3.87
0.992
6.18
2.3
7.88
1.71
473
41.7
7.75
2.30
47.3
7.21
55.4 13.0
0.899
70.0
2.88
0.142
8.01
3.0
10.2
1.74
608
53.6
7.72
2.29
60.8
9.30
71.4 16.9
0.898
53.3
3.67
0.316
10.60
4.0
13.5
1.78
792
69.8
7.67
2.28
79.2
12.2
94
22.7
0.897
39.5
4.74
0.75
11.84
4.5
15.1
1.80
881
77.7
7.64
2.27
88.1
13.6
104 25.6
0.897
35.0
5.24
1.07
6.63
2.3
8.45
1.60
624
43.1
8.60
2.26
55.5
7.30
65.6 13.2
0.894
79.0
3.79
0.152
8.59
3.0
11.0
1.63
803
55.4
8.56
2.25
71.3
9.43
84.6 17.3
0.894
60.1
4.83
0.339
11.40
4.0
14.5
1.67
1048
72.2
8.51
2.23
93
12.4
111 23.3
0.893
44.6
6.22
0.80
12.72
4.5
16.2
1.70
1166
80.4
8.48
2.23
104
13.8
124 26.3
0.893
39.4
6.88
1.14
7.08
2.3
9.03
1.50
802
44.3
9.43
2.22
64.2
7.39
76.5 13.4
0.888
88.2
4.84
0.163
9.18
3.0
11.7
1.54
1032
56.9
9.39
2.21
82.5
9.54
98.8 17.6
0.888
67.1
6.17
0.361
12.10
4.0
15.5
1.58
1349
74.3
9.34
2.19
108
12.5
130 23.9
0.888
49.8
7.95
0.86
13.60
4.5
17.3
1.60
1502
82.7
9.31
2.18
120
14.0
145 27.1
0.888
44.0
8.79
1.22
125x50
150x65
175x75
200x75
225x75
250x75
2
4
cm
4
cm
3
cm
3
cm
3
u
x
Warping Torsional Constant Constant
t mm
100x50
A
Second Moment Of Area
B
mm3
H
J
dm6 x 10-3
cm4
S N I L R U P
129
PURLINS y
Lipped Channels
t
r2 D
x r1
C
B
Designation Thickness Size Mass Per Metre DxBxC t
P U R L I N S
r1
r2
Area Centre Of Of Section Gravity
Second Moment Of Area
Elastic Plastic Modulus
Ix
2.05
1.06
11.4 2.50 2.36 1.10 3.81 1.29 4.48 2.12
0.808
35.5
0.0219
0.0182
3.0
2.50
1.05
13.7 2.93 2.34 1.08 4.56 1.50 5.41 2.54
0.804
28.3
0.0257
0.0352
5.8
3.5
2.83
1.05
15.2 3.20 2.32 1.06 5.06 1.64 6.05 2.57
0.801
24.5
0.0281
0.0530
1.6
4.0
2.4
2.93
1.72
26.8 8.59 3.03 1.71 7.15 3.09 8.27 4.62
0.776
46.7
0.129
0.0258
2.86
2.0
5.0
3.0
3.60
1.71
32.5 10.3 3.00 1.69 8.66 3.69 10.1 5.61
0.774
37.2
0.154
0.0499
3.24
2.3
5.8
3.5
4.09
1.71
36.5 11.5 2.99 1.67 9.73 4.11 11.4 6.31
0.772
32.2
0.171
0.0754
4.12
3.0
7.5
4.5
5.18
1.70
44.9 13.8 2.94 1.63 12.0 4.94 14.2 7.79
0.769
24.5
0.206
0.165
4.37
3.2
8.0
4.8
5.48
1.70
47.1 14.4 2.93 1.62 12.6 5.15 14.9 8.18
0.767
22.9
0.215
0.199
100x50x20 2.88
1.6
4.0
2.4
3.65
1.86
57.9 13.8 3.98 1.95 11.6 4.41 13.5 6.73
0.788
62.9
0.373
0.032
3.60
2.0
5.0
3.0
4.50
1.86
70.5 16.7 3.96 1.93 14.1 5.32 16.5 8.22
0.786
50.1
0.450
0.062
4.06
2.3
5.8
3.5
5.13
1.86
79.6 18.7 3.94 1.91 15.9 5.95 18.7 9.28
0.785
43.5
0.503
0.094
5.18
3.0
7.5
4.5
6.53
1.85
99
22.9 3.90 1.87 19.8 7.27 23.6 11.6
0.781
33.1
0.616
0.205
5.50
3.2
8.0
4.8
6.92
1.85
104 24.0 3.88 1.86 20.9 7.60 24.9 12.2
0.780
31.0
0.645
0.248
6.71
4.0
10.0 6.0
8.41
1.84
123 27.7 3.83 1.82 24.7 8.79 29.8 14.5
0.775
24.7
0.747
0.478
7.43
4.5
11.3 6.8
9.29
1.84
134 29.7 3.80 1.79 26.8 9.40 32.6 14.4
0.772
21.8
0.802
0.674
125x50x20 3.95
2.0
5.0
3.0
5.00
1.68
119 18.1 4.88 1.90 19.1 5.46 22.5 7.90
0.820
59.5
0.684
0.069
4.51
2.3
5.8
3.5
5.70
1.68
135 20.3 4.86 1.89 21.5 6.11 25.5 8.91
0.819
51.6
0.767
0.104
5.77
3.0
7.5
4.5
7.28
1.68
169 24.8 4.81 1.85 27.0 7.47 32.2 11.2
0.814
39.4
0.942
0.228
6.13
3.2
8.0
4.8
7.72
1.68
178 26.0 4.80 1.84 28.4 7.82 34.0 11.8
0.813
36.9
0.987
0.275
7.50
4.0
10.0 6.0
9.41
1.67
212 30.2 4.74 1.79 33.9 9.05 40.9 14.1
0.808
29.4
1.15
0.531
8.31
4.5
11.3 6.8
10.4
1.66
231 32.3 4.71 1.76 36.9
9.7 45.0 15.4
0.804
26.1
1.24
0.750
150x65x20 5.50
2.3
5.8
3.5
6.97
2.11
245 40.5 5.93 2.41 32.7 9.23 38.1 13.8
0.840
59.6
2.03
0.126
7.07
3.0
7.5
4.5
8.93
2.10
310 50.2 5.89 2.37 41.3 11.4 48.4 17.4
0.836
45.6
2.53
0.277
7.51
3.2
8.0
4.8
9.48
2.10
327 52.7 5.87 2.36 43.6 12.0 51.2 18.4
0.835
42.7
2.66
0.336
9.22
4.0
10.0 6.0
11.6
2.09
393 62.0 5.82 2.31 52.4 14.1 62.1 22.1
0.831
34.1
3.14
0.649
10.25
4.5
11.3 6.8
12.9
2.09
432 67.1 5.78 2.28 57.5 15.2 68.5 24.2
0.828
30.3
3.41
0.917
175x75x20 6.31
2.3
5.8
3.5
8.00
2.34
386 60.3 6.95 2.75 44.1 11.7 51.1 17.8
0.853
68.0
3.92
0.144
8.13
3.0
7.5
4.5
10.3
2.33
489 75.1 6.90 2.70 55.9 14.5 65.2 22.5
0.850
52.0
4.90
0.318
8.63
3.2
8.0
4.8
10.9
2.33
518 79.1 6.88 2.69 59.1 15.3 69.1 23.7
0.849
48.7
5.17
0.385
10.63
4.0
10.0 6.0
13.4
2.32
626 93.6 6.83 2.64 71.5 18.1 84.1 28.7
0.845
38.9
6.15
0.745
11.84
4.5
11.3 6.8
14.9
2.31
689
102 6.80 2.61 78.7 19.6 93.0 31.6
0.842
34.6
6.71
1.05
200x75x20 6.76
2.3
5.8
3.5
8.58
2.19
527 63.0 7.84 2.71 52.7 11.9 61.5 18.0
0.860
76.8
5.22
0.154
8.71
3.0
7.5
4.5
11.0
2.18
669 78.5 7.79 2.67 66.9 14.8 78.5 22.9
0.856
58.8
6.53
0.340
9.27
3.2
8.0
4.8
11.7
2.18
708 82.6 7.77 2.65 70.8 15.5 83.2 24.3
0.855
55.1
6.89
0.412
11.40
4.0
10.0 6.0
14.4
2.17
857
98
7.71 2.61 85.7 18.4 101 29.5
0.850
44.1
8.22
0.798
12.73
4.5
11.3 6.8
16.0
2.17
945
106 7.68 2.57 94.5 19.9 112 32.6
0.847
39.2
8.98
1.13
mm mm
cm
60x30x10
1.62
1.6
4.0
2.4
1.99
2.0
5.0
2.25
2.3
2.31
2
4
4
cm
rx
ry
Zx
cm
cm
3
Zy 3
cm
Sx 3
cm
Sy
Warp Torsion Constant
cm
mm
cm
y
Buckling Torsional Constant Index
Cy
kg/m
Iy
Radius Of Gyration
cm
A
mm
75x45x15
130
Inside Outside Radius
x Cy
cm
u
x
3
H 6
J -3
dm x 10
cm
4
PURLINS
Lipped Channels
t
r2 D
x r1
x Cy
C y
Designation Thickness Size Mass Per Metre DxBxC t
Inside Outside Radius r2
Second Moment Of Area
Elastic Plastic Modulus
Cy
Ix
cm
2
cm
cm
200x75x25 6.95
2.3
5.8
3.5
8.81
2.33
540 69.0 7.83 2.80 54.0 13.3 63.3 19.6
0.846
79.2
6.07
0.158
8.93
3.0
7.5
4.5
11.3
2.32
687 86.3 7.78 2.76 68.7 16.7 80.8 24.9
0.843
60.6
7.62
0.349
9.52
3.2
8.0
4.8
12.0
2.32
727 90.9 7.77 2.75 72.7 17.5 85.7 26.4
0.842
56.8
8.03
0.423
11.70
4.0
10.0 6.0
14.8
2.31
881
108 7.71 2.70 88.1 20.8 105 32.0
0.838
45.3
9.59
0.819
13.10
4.5
11.3 6.8
16.5
2.31
972
118 7.68 2.67 97.2 22.7 116 35.4
0.835
40.3
10.5
1.16
225x75x20 7.21
2.3
5.8
3.5
9.15
2.06
694 65.3 8.71 2.67 61.7 12.0 72.6 18.3
0.862
85.8
6.74
0.165
9.30
3.0
7.5
4.5
11.8
2.05
883 81.4 8.66 2.63 78.4 14.9 92.8 23.4
0.858
65.8
8.46
0.363
9.89
3.2
8.0
4.8
12.5
2.05
934 85.7 8.64 2.62 83.1 15.7 98.4 24.8
0.857
61.7
8.92
0.439
12.20
4.0
10.0 6.0
15.4
2.05
1134 101 8.58 2.57 101 18.6 120 30.3
0.852
49.4
10.7
0.851
13.61
4.5
11.3 6.8
17.2
2.04
1252 110 8.54 2.53 111 20.2 133 33.6
0.849
43.9
11.6
1.206
225x75x25 7.40
2.3
5.8
3.5
9.38
2.19
713 71.6 8.72 2.76 63.3 13.5 74.6 19.9
0.851
87.9
7.77
0.169
9.54
3.0
7.5
4.5
12.1
2.19
907 89.6 8.66 2.72 80.6 16.9 95.5 25.3
0.848
67.4
9.76
0.372
10.10
3.2
8.0
4.8
12.8
2.18
960 94.4 8.65 2.71 85.4 17.8 101 26.9
0.847
63.1
10.3
0.450
12.50
4.0
10.0 6.0
15.8
2.18
1166 112 8.59 2.66 104 21.1 124 32.8
0.843
50.5
12.3
0.873
14.00
4.5
11.3 6.8
17.6
2.17
1288 122 8.55 2.64 115 23.0 137 36.4
0.840
44.9
13.5
1.24
250x75x20 7.67
2.3
5.8
3.5
9.73
1.94
890 67.3 9.57 2.63 71.2 12.1 84.4 18.6
0.861
94.9
8.50
0.175
9.89
3.0
7.5
4.5
12.5
1.94
1133 83.9 9.51 2.59 90.7 15.1 108 23.8
0.857
72.8
10.7
0.385
10.52
3.2
8.0
4.8
13.3
1.94
1200 88.4 9.49 2.58 96.0 15.9 115 25.3
0.856
68.3
11.3
0.467
12.99
4.0
10.0 6.0
16.4
1.93
1459 105 9.43 2.53 117 18.8 140 31.1
0.851
54.7
13.5
0.905
14.49
4.5
11.3 6.8
18.3
1.93
1612 114 9.39 2.49 129 20.4 155 34.6
0.848
48.7
14.7
1.28
250x75x25 7.85
2.3
5.8
3.5
10
2.07
914 74.0 9.58 2.73 73.1 13.6 86.7 20.1
0.853
96.9
9.73
0.179
10.13
3.0
7.5
4.5
12.8
2.07
1165 92.5 9.53 2.69 93.2 17.0 111 25.8
0.850
74.3
12.2
0.394
10.80
3.2
8.0
4.8
13.6
2.07
1234 97.5 9.51 2.67 98.7 17.9 118 27.4
0.849
69.6
12.9
0.478
13.30
4.0
10.0 6.0
16.8
2.06
1501 116 9.45 2.63 120 21.3 144 33.6
0.844
55.7
15.5
0.926
14.85
4.5
11.3 6.8
18.7
2.06
1659 126 9.41 2.60 133 23.2 160 37.4
0.842
49.5
16.9
1.31
cm
4
rx
ry
Zx
cm
cm
3
Zy cm
3
Sx 3
cm
Sy
Warp Torsion Constant
mm mm
4
cm
Buckling Torsional Constant Index
mm
A
Iy
Radius Of Gyration
kg/m
mm
r1
Area Centre Of Of Section Gravity
u
x
3
H 6
cm
S N I L R U P
J -3
dm x 10
cm
4
131
PURLINS
130
High-Tensile Galvanised C Purlins
P U R L I N S
y
B r 1
Cy D
Cx x
x r 2
t C
y
Designation Thickness Size Mass Per Number Metre t
Web
Flange
Lip
Area Of Section A
D
B
C
mm
kg/m
mm
mm
mm
mm
cm
C10010
1.78
1.0
102
51
12.5
C10012
2.10
1.2
102
51
C10015
2.62
1.5
102
51
C10019
3.29
1.9
102
C15012
2.89
1.2
C15015
3.59
1.5
C15019
4.51
C15024
5.70
C20015
Moment Of Inertia Ix Iy
Radius Of Gyration r x
r y
cm
cm
cm
cm
2.16
36.4
7.55
4.11
1.87
12.5
2.58
43.2
8.92
4.10
1.86
13.5
3.23
53.7
11.2
4.08
1.87
51
14.5
4.09
67.3
14.2
4.06
1.87
152
64
14.5
3.54
129
18.8
6.04
2.31
152
64
15.5
4.43
161
23.7
6.02
2.31
1.9
152
64
16.5
5.61
202
30.0
6.00
2.31
2.4
152
64
18.5
7.12
254
38.6
5.98
2.33
4.49
1.5
203
76
15.5
5.55
353
39.6
7.97
2.67
C20019
5.74
1.9
203
76
19.0
7.13
451
53.1
7.96
2.73
C20024
7.24
2.4
203
76
21.0
9.04
569
68.1
7.93
2.74
C25019
6.50
1.9
254
76
18.5
8.08
762
56.1
9.71
2.64
C25024
8.16
2.4
254
76
20.5
10.20
962
72.1
9.69
2.65
C30024
10.09
2.4
300
96
27.5
12.60
1700
151
11.6
3.46
C30030
12.76
3.0
300
96
31.5
16.00
2130
196
11.6
3.50
C35030
15.23
3.0
350
125
30.0
19.10
3580
382
13.7
4.47
Centroid
Shear Centre
Torsion constant
Warping constant
J
Iw
Section modulus in ben din Zxe
Area in compression
xo
Monosymmetry Section constant ßy
Designation Size Mass Per
Section Modulus
2
4
Metre Number
Zx
Zy 3
mm
kg/m
cm
C10010
1.78
7.13
C10012
2.10
C10015
2.62
C10019
3
4
6
4
Ae 2
cm
mm
mm
mm
cm
mm
cm
Cm
2.19
16.1
39.9
71.9
160
123
5.37
113
8.48
2.59
16.0
39.7
124
188
123
6.74
153
10.5
3.29
161
40.11
242
241
122
8.73
217
3.29
13.2
4.21
16.2
40.4
492
311
122
12.3
329
C15012
2.89
17.0
4.17
18.3
46.5
170
842
171
11.8
165
C15015
3.59
21.1
5.29
18.4
46.9
332
1070
171
17.1
244
C15019
4.51
26.6
6.74
18.5
47.1
675
1370
170
21.8
340
C15024
5.70
33.5
8.79
18.9
48.0
1370
1810
169
30.9
527
C20015
4.49
34.7
7.17
19.9
51.6
416
3060
223
24.1
251
C20019
5.74
44.4
9.77
20.8
53.6
858
4240
221
36.6
381
C20024
7.24
56.0
12.7
21.1
54.4
1740
5540
219
47.5
541
C25019
6.50
60.0
9.86
18.1
48.5
972
6860
276
46.2
381
C25024
8.16
75.7
12.8
18.4
49.3
1970
8920
274
64.9
543
C30024
10.09
113
21.7
25.0
66.0
2430
26800
320
91.1
632
C30030
12.76
142
28.5
25.8
67.9
4790
35700
316
124
897
C35030
15.23
205
42.3
33.2
86.3
5730
90000
378
159
940
Table 23 – High-Tensile Galvanised C-Purlins: Section sizes
132
3
PURLINS
131
High-Tensile Galvanised Z Purlins
S N I L R U P
y F L Cx
Cy
x
D x
t L E
y
Designation Size Number
Mass Per Metre
Thickne ss
Web
Flange 1 Flange 2
Lip
t
D
E
F
L
Area Of
Moment Of
Section
Radius
Section
Inertia
Modulus
Of Gyration
A
mm
kg/m
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
cm
Z10010
1.78
1.0
102
53
49
12.5
Z10012
2.10
1.2
102
53
49
Z10015
2.62
1.5
102
53
49
Z10019
3.29
1.9
102
53
Z15012
2.89
1.2
152
65
Z15015
3.59
1.5
152
Z15019
4.51
1.9
Z15024
5.70
2.4
Z20015
4.49
Z20019 Z20024
Ix 2
Iy 4
Zy 4
3
o
cm
cm
cm
mm
()
2.16
45.1
4.37
1.55
14.2
27.6
12.5
2.58
53.6
5.16
1.84
14.2
27.5
13.5
3.23
66.8
6.52
2.32
14.2
27.8
49
14.5
4.09
84.0
8.29
2.94
14.2
28.1
61
15.5
3.54
147
1.15
3.14
18.1
21.8
65
61
16.5
4.43
184
1.45
3.96
18.1
22.0
152
65
61
17.5
5.61
232
1.84
5.02
18.1
22.1
152
66
60
19.5
7.12
292
2.38
6.38
18.3
22.5
1.5
203
79
74
15.5
5.55
389
2.55
5.53
21.4
18.5
5.74
1.9
203
79
74
18.5
7.13
502
3.42
7.45
21.9
19.1
7.24
2.4
203
79
73
21.5
9.07
636
4.43
9.64
22.1
19.4
Z25019
6.50
1.9
254
79
74
18.0
8.08
808
3.81
7.82
21.7
14.0
Z25024
8.16
2.4
254
79
73
21.0
10.30
1020
4.93
10.2
21.9
14.3
Z30024
10.09
2.4
300
100
93
27.0
12.60
1830
1.01
16.8
28.3
16.0
Z30030
12.76
3.0
300
100
93
31.0
16.00
2310
1.32
21.9
28.7
16..3
Z35030
15.23
3.0
350
129
121
30.0
19.10
3920
2.49
32.8
36.1
17.8
Designation Size Mass Per Metre Number
Moment
Product of moment inertia Ix’ Iy’
of inertia Ix’
Radius of gyration
r x’
r y’
J
cm
cm
mm
mm
mm
36.4
13.1
16.8
7.00
2.56
41.1
24.7
71.9
2.10
43.2
15.5
19.8
8.32
3.02
41.0
24.5
Z10015
2.62
53.7
19.7
24.9
10.3
3.84
40.8
Z10019
3.29
67.3
25.0
31.4
13.0
4.92
40.6
Z15012
2.89
12 8
30.3
46.9
16.7
4.78
Z15015
3.59
16 0
38.3
58.8
20.8
Z15019
4.51
20 1
48.7
74.4
26.1
Z15024
5.70
253
63.2
95.0
Z20015
4.49
353
62.1
109
Z20019
5.74
452
84.3
145
43.9
Z20024
7.24
57 0
110
186
55.3
14.4
Z25019
6.50
762
83.3
181
59.3
10.8
Z25024
8.16
964
108
233
74.9
14.2
Z30024
10.09
1700
232
457
112
Z30030
12.76
2130
304
588
140
Z35030
15.23
3580
593
1070
202
cm
Z10010
1.78
Z10012
4
4
4
3
Zy’
in ssion bending constant
cm
kg/m
Zx’
Torsion Warping Section Area in constant constant modulus compre-
cm
mm
Iy’
Section modulus
3
Iw 4
cm
Zx’e 6
3
Ae 2
cm
mm
215
5.33
11 3
124
253
6.73
153
24.7
242
321
8.82
217
24.7
492
409
12.4
329
60.3
29.3
170
1160
11.9
169
6.06
60.1
29.4
332
1460
17.2
248
7.73
59.9
29.5
675
1860
22.4
347
32.6
10.0
59.6
29.8
1370
2410
31.4
535
34.3
8.05
79.7
33.4
416
4260
23.8
248
11.0
79.6
34.4
858
5830
36.4
378
79.3
34.8
1740
7630
48.4
546
97.1
32.1
972
9480
45.7
379
96.9
32.5
1970
12400
66.0
547
23.8
116
42.8
2430
36600
89.9
628
31.4
116
43.6
4790
48200
125
908
47.2
137
55.7
57 30
124000
159
940
Table 24 – High-Tensile Galvanised Z-Purlins: Section sizes
133
ANGLES
133
Angles
Rolling tolerances – EN 10056-2 : 1993 This European specifies tolerances on shapes dimensions and mass of hot rolled structural steel equal and unequal leg angles. Tolerances on shapes a nd dimensions Leg length (a or b) The deviation from nominal on length shall be within the tolerance given in the following table. For unequal leg angles, the longer leg length (a) shall be used to determine the tolerance band. Leg length a (mm) Up to and including 50 Greater than 50 up to and including 100 Greater than 100 up to and including 150 Greater than 150 up to and including 200 Greater than 200
Tolerance (mm)
shall be used to determine the tolerance band.
S E L G N A
Out of square – leg length (mm) Up to and including 100 Greater than 100 up to and including 150 Greater than 150 up to and including 200
1.0
2.0
Greater than 200
3.0
1.5
+1.0
-1.0
+2.0
-2.0
+3.0
-3.0
+4.0
-4.0
Straightness (q)
+6.0
-4.0
The deviation from straightness shall not exceed the tolerances given in the following table. For unequal leg angles, the longer leg length (a) shall be used to determine the tolerance band.
Leg length a (mm)
Section thickness (t) The deviation from nominal on thickness shall be within the tolerance given in the following table. Leg length a (mm)
Tolerance (mm)
Tolerance (mm)
Over full bar length Deviation q (mm)
Tolerance over any part bar length (mm) Length Deviation considered (q)
Up to and including 150
0.4% L
1,500
-0.5
Up to and including 200
0.2% L
2,000
-0.75
Greater than 200
0.1% L
+1.20
-1.20
Tolerance on mass The deviation from the nominal mass of any individual piece shall not exceed:
Up to and including 5 Greater than 5 up to and including 10 Greater than 10 up to and including 15
+0.5
-0.5
a. ±6% for thickness for t 4mm or
+0.75
-0.75
b. ±4% for thickness for t > 4mm
+1.0
-1.0
Greater than 15
+1.20
-1.20
The deviation from the nominal mass is the difference between the actual mass of the piece and the calculated mass. The calculated mass shall be
Out of square (k) Out-of-squareness of the section shall not exceed the maximum following table. For unequal leg angles, the longer leg length (a)
3
determined using a density of 7850 kg/m . Tolerance on length The tolerance on ordered length shall be either: a. ±50mm; or b. -0 / +100mm where minimum lengths are requested
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
135
ANGLES
Equal
r2
y v
A
u cy
o
90
t r1
x
x cy
r2
u t
A
Designation Size Thickness
t
r1
r2
mm
mm
kg/m
mm
mm
20x20 25x25
3 3 4 5 3 4 5 6 3 4 5 6 3 4 5 6 4 5 6 3 4 4.5 5 6 8 5 6 5 6 8 5 6 8 9 6 7 8 5 6 8 9 10 12 6 8 10 6 7 8 9 10 12 13
0.885 1.12 1.45 1.70 1.36 1.76 2.16 1.65 1.72 2.36 2.79 3.33 1.83 2.42 2.95 3.52 2.74 3.38 3.99 2.33 3.06 3.40 3.77 4.43 5.78 4.55 5.42 4.75 5.71 7.42 5.00 5.91 7.66 8.55 6.38 7.38 8.43 5.69 6.85 9.03 9.96 10.99 13.00 7.34 9.66 11.8 8.30 9.61 10.90 12.20 13.40 15.90 17.00
3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8
35X35 38x38
40x40
45x45
50x50
60x60 63X63
65x65
70x70
75x75
80x80
90x90
136
Radius Root Toe
AxA
30x30
A N G L E S
Mass Per Metre
Area Of Section
Distance Centre Of Gravity Cx and Cy
2
cm 1.11 1.41 1.84 2.25 1.74 2.27 2.78 3.87 2.24 2.93 3.60 4.25 2.36 3.09 3.80 4.49 3.52 4.33 5.12 2.99 3.92 4.38 4.83 5.72 7.44 5.86 6.95 6.16 7.31 9.55 6.40 7.59 9.91 11.0 8.19 9.46 10.71 7.37 8.76 11.5 12.8 14.1 16.7 9.36 12.3 15.1 10.6 12.3 13.9 15.6 17.2 20.3 21.9
cm 0.593 0.718 0.758 0.796 0.836 0.879 0.919 1.08 1.03 1.07 1.12 1.15 1.08 1.12 1.17 1.20 1.24 1.29 1.33 1.32 1.37 1.39 1.41 1.45 1.53 1.65 1.70 1.73 1.77 1.85 1.77 1.82 1.90 1.94 1.94 1.98 2.02 2.00 2.04 2.13 2.17 2.21 2.29 2.17 2.26 2.34 2.41 2.46 2.50 2.54 2.58 2.66 2.70
y
Second Moment Of Area Axis x-x , y-y 4
cm 0.381 0.784 1.00 1.19 1.41 1.81 2.17 4.13 2.99 3.85 4.66 5.40 3.51 4.53 5.48 6.37 6.59 7.99 9.31 7.06 9.17 10.2 11.2 13.0 16.5 19.8 23.2 23.1 27.1 34.5 25.5 29.9 38.2 42.0 37.7 43.1 48.3 38.7 45.7 59.0 65.3 71.3 82.7 56.0 72.4 87.7 81.0 93.2 105 117 128 149 159
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Axis u-u 4
cm 0.601 1.24 1.58 1.87 2.23 2.86 3.42 6.51 4.72 6.10 7.36 8.51 5.55 7.18 8.68 10.1 10.4 12.6 14.7 11.1 14.5 16.1 17.7 20.6 25.9 31.4 36.8 36.6 42.9 54.6 40.3 47.4 60.4 66.4 59.8 68.3 76.5 61.2 72.4 93.5 103 113 130 88.7 115 139 128 148 167 185 202 235 251
v
Elastic Modulus
Radius Of Gyration
Axis v-v 4
cm 0.160 0.326 0.422 0.516 0.590 0.758 0.921 1.76 1.25 1.61 1.95 2.29 1.47 1.89 2.29 2.69 2.75 3.34 3.90 2.97 3.82 4.23 4.64 5.43 6.97 8.24 9.65 9.58 11.2 14.4 10.6 12.4 15.9 17.6 15.7 17.9 20.1 16.2 19.0 24.5 27.2 29.8 35.0 23.2 30.0 36.5 33.7 38.7 43.5 48.2 52.9 62.1 66.6
Axis x-x , y-y
Axis u-u
Axis v-v
Axis x-x , y-y
cm
cm
cm
0.585 0.745 0.737 0.728 0.901 0.893 0.884 1.03 1.15 1.15 1.14 1.13 1.22 1.21 1.20 1.19 1.37 1.36 1.35 1.54 1.53 1.52 1.52 1.51 1.49 1.84 1.83 1.93 1.92 1.90 2.00 1.98 1.96 1.95 2.15 2.13 2.12 2.29 2.28 2.27 2.26 2.25 2.23 2.45 2.43 2.41 2.76 2.76 2.75 2.74 2.73 2.70 2.69
0.735 0.938 0.926 0.912 1.13 1.12 1.11 1.30 1.45 1.44 1.43 1.41 1.53 1.52 1.51 1.50 1.72 1.71 1.69 1.93 1.92 1.92 1.91 1.90 1.87 2.31 2.30 2.44 2.42 2.39 2.51 2.50 2.47 2.45 2.70 2.69 2.67 2.88 2.88 2.85 2.84 2.83 2.80 3.08 3.06 3.03 3.48 3.47 3.46 3.45 3.43 3.40 3.39
0.380 0.481 0.479 0.479 0.582 0.578 0.576 0.674 0.748 0.741 0.736 0.733 0.789 0.782 0.776 0.773 0.884 0.878 0.873 0.997 0.987 0.984 0.980 0.974 0.968 1.19 1.18 1.25 1.24 1.23 1.29 1.28 1.27 1.26 1.38 1.38 1.37 1.48 1.47 1.46 1.46 1.45 1.45 1.58 1.56 1.55 1.78 1.77 1.77 1.76 1.76 1.75 1.74
cm 0.271 0.440 0.574 0.701 0.652 0.853 1.04 1.71 1.08 1.41 1.73 2.04 1.20 1.58 1.94 2.28 2.02 2.49 2.93 1.92 2.52 2.82 3.11 3.67 4.74 4.56 5.40 5.05 5.98 7.76 5.39 6.38 8.29 9.21 7.46 8.59 9.70 7.02 8.38 11.0 12.3 13.5 15.9 9.6 12.6 15.5 12.3 14.3 16.2 18.0 19.9 23.5 25.2
3
ANGLES
Equal
r2 v A
90o
t
u cy
r1
x
x cy
r2
u t
A
Designation Size Thickness
r2
kg/m
mm
mm
6 7 8 10 12 13 15 8 10 12 15 8 10 12 8 9 10 12 15 16 8 10 12 15 16 18 19
9.20 10.70 12.20 15.00 17.80 19.10 21.90 14.70 18.20 21.60 26.60 14.90 19.09 22.67 15.90 17.90 19.70 23.50 28.80 30.70 18.00 23.00 27.30 33.80 35.70 40.10 41.90
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
12 15 12 13 15 16 18 20 24 25 26 25 28 32 35 35 35
31.80 39.40 36.55 39.49 45.30 48.50 54.20 59.90 71.10 73.60 76.80 93.70 104.00 118.00 128.00 155.00 182.00
16 16 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 20 20 20 20 24 24
t
mm
mm
100x100
125x125
130x130
150x150
175x175 200x200
250x250
300x300 350x350
Radius Root Toe
r1
AxA
120x120
Mass Per Metre
Area Of Section
Distance Centre Of Gravity Cx and Cy
2
4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8
cm 11.9 13.7 15.6 19.2 22.8 24.5 28.0 18.8 23.3 27.6 34.0 19.7 24.3 28.9 20.5 22.9 25.3 30.1 37.1 39.4 23.8 29.5 35.0 43.2 45.9 51.2 53.8
4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 18 18
41.0 50.7 47.2 50.9 58.3 62.0 69.4 76.6 90.8 94.3 97.8 120 133 151 164 197 232
cm
y
Second Moment Of Area Axis x-x , y-y 4
v
Elastic Modulus
Radius Of Gyration
Axis u-u
Axis v-v
4
4
Axis x-x , y-y
Axis u-u
Axis v-v
Axis x-x , y-y 3
cm 178 206 232 283 330 352 395 411 502 588 710 466 570 669 527 586 645 758 916 966 820 1008 1187 1442 1523 1680 1756
cm 47.0 53.9 60.6 73.8 86.5 92.8 105 107 130 153 186 122 149 174 138 153 168 197 240 253 215 263 309 375 397 440 462
cm
cm
cm
2.65 2.70 2.75 2.83 2.91 2.95 3.02 3.24 3.32 3.41 3.52 3.36 3.44 3.53 3.48 3.53 3.57 3.65 3.77 3.81 3.97 4.06 4.14 4.26 4.30 4.38 4.42
cm 113 130 146 178 208 222 250 259 316 371 448 294 360 422 332 370 406 477 578 610 518 635 748 909 960 1060 1109
3.08 3.08 3.07 3.05 3.02 3.01 2.99 3.71 3.69 3.66 3.63 3.87 3.84 3.82 4.03 4.02 4.01 3.98 3.95 3.94 4.66 4.64 4.62 4.59 4.57 4.55 4.54
3.88 3.87 3.86 3.84 3.81 3.79 3.76 4.67 4.64 4.62 4.57 4.87 4.84 4.81 5.07 5.06 5.05 5.02 4.97 4.95 5.87 5.85 5.82 5.78 5.76 5.73 5.71
1.99 1.98 1.97 1.96 1.95 1.95 1.94 2.38 2.37 2.36 2.34 2.49 2.47 2.46 2.59 2.58 2.57 2.56 2.54 2.54 3.01 2.99 2.97 2.95 2.94 2.93 2.93
cm 15.3 17.8 20.2 24.8 29.4 31.5 35.8 29.5 36.4 43.1 52.8 32.2 39.7 47.0 34.9 39.0 43.1 51.1 62.6 66.3 46.9 58.0 68.9 84.6 89.8 99.8 105
4.77 4.89 5.38 5.42 5.50 5.54 5.62 5.70 5.85 5.89 5.93 7.14 7.25 7.40 7.51 8.71 9.96
1208 1474 1829 1967 2237 2369 2627 2877 3357 3472 3586 7030 7741 8650 9305 16300 26600
1920 2342 2906 3126 3555 3765 4174 4569 5322 5502 5680 11170 12290 13710 14720 25900 42300
497 606 753 809 919 973 1080 1185 1391 1442 1492 2891 3195 3593 3887 6690 10800
5.43 5.39 6.23 6.22 6.19 6.18 6.15 6.13 6.08 6.07 6.05 7.67 7.63 7.58 7.54 9.09 10.70
6.84 6.80 7.85 7.84 7.81 7.79 7.76 7.72 7.65 7.64 7.62 9.67 9.61 9.54 9.49 11.50 13.50
3.48 3.46 4.00 3.99 3.97 3.96 3.95 3.93 3.91 3.91 3.91 4.92 4.90 4.89 4.88 5.82 6.83
94.9 117 125 135 154 164 183 201 237 246 255 394 436 491 532 766 1060
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
S E L G N A
137
ANGLES r2
Unequal
v
u
o
A
t
90
Cx
r1
x
r2
x
Cy B
Designation Size Thickness
AxB
r1
t
Area Of Section
r2 2
Distance Centre Of Gravity
Second Moment Of Area
Cx
Cy
Axis x-x
cm
cm
cm
4
Axis y-y 4
Radius of Gyration
Axis Axis Axis Axis Axis u-u v-v x-x y-y u-u 4
kg/m
mm
mm
63x38
4.5
3.45
6
2.4
4.4
2.10
0 .870
18.0
4.90
20.0 3.00 2.01 1.06 2.12
6
4.43
6
2.4
5.75
2.17
0.930 2 3.0
6.30
6
5.65
7
2.4
7.22
2.45
1.21
40.9
1 4.6
8 7 8 9 10 12 7 8 9 10 12 13 6.5 7 8 9 10 12 13 7 8 9 10 12 15 8 9 10 12 15 8 9 10 12 14 15 10 12 14 15 12 15 18
7.39 8.8 9.4 11.0 12.3 14.4 9.3 10.6 11.8 13.0 15.4 16.5 10.0 10.7 12.2 13.5 15.0 17.8 19.1 12.1 13.8 15.3 17.0 20.2 24.8 14.3 16.4 18.2 21.6 26.6 15.2 17.1 19.0 22.4 26.1 27.7 23.0 27.3 31.6 33.7 32.0 39.6 47.4
7 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 12 11 12 11 11 11 10 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 12 12 12 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
2.4 4.8 4.8 7.0 4.8 7.0 5.0 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 7.0 5.0 4.8 8.5 4.8 4.8 4.8 5.0 6.0 4.8 4.8 4.8 8.5 6.0 6.5 8.5 6.0 8.5 4.8 4.8 7.5 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8
9.44 11.2 12.7 14.0 15.6 18.4 11.9 13.5 15.1 16.6 19.7 21.2 12.7 13.7 15.5 17.4 19.2 22.7 24.3 15.5 17.5 19.4 21.7 25.7 31.7 18.7 20.9 23.2 27.6 34.0 19.4 21.8 24.2 28.6 33.2 35.2 29.4 34.9 40.3 43.1 40.9 50.6 60.1
2.53 3.23 3.28 3.31 3.36 3.43 3.06 3.11 3.15 3.19 3.27 3.31 4.07 4.10 4.14 4.19 4.23 4.32 4.35 5.17 5.23 5.25 5.32 5.41 5.53 4.93 4.95 5.00 5.09 5.21 4.70 4.77 4.80 4.88 4.98 5.01 6.95 7.04 7.12 7.17 6.10 6.22 6.34
1.29 1.52 1.56 1.58 1.64 1.70 1.84 1.88 1.92 1.96 2.03 2.07 1.62 1.64 1.69 1.73 1.77 1.84 1.87 1.50 1.54 1.55 1.62 1.70 1.81 1.97 2.00 2.04 2.12 2.24 2.24 2.30 2.34 2.41 2.50 2.53 2.03 2.11 2.18 2.23 3.63 3.75 3.86
52.4 18.6 113 37.7 127 42.3 138 45.5 154 51.1 177 58.0 118 56.9 133 64.2 148 71.1 162 77.7 189 90.3 202 96.3 206 56.6 220 60.5 249 68.1 276 75.5 303 82.6 355 96.0 376 101 364 63.1 411 71.2 447 75.3 503 86.3 591 100 715 120 436 121 485 133 536 147 630 172 764 207 441 158 502 181 552 198 642 228 744 265 781 276 1233 215 1454 252 1654 282 1772 303 1667 813 2037 989 2390 1155
125x75
150x75
150x90
150x100
200x100
200x150
cm
cm
4
mm
100x75
cm
v
y
mm
100x65
138
Radius Root Toe
u
cm
75x50 A N G L E S
Mass Per Metre
t
cm
cm
cm
Axis v-v
Elastic Modulus
Axis Axis x-x y-y 3
cm
cm
0.820
4 .20
cm
Angle x-x Axis to u-u Axis
3
1.68
0.362
25.0 3.80 1.99 1.04 2.10 0.820
5.50 2.18
0.358
47.1 8.48 2.38 1.42 2.55
1.08
8.10
3.87
0.436
60.1 128 144 157 175 201 144 163 181 198 230 245 228 244 275 306 336 392 414 386 436 473 533 626 756 484 537 595 698 844 508 579 635 738 856 897 1309 1544 1755 1879 2046 2496 2923
1.07 1.41 1.40 1.38 1.39 1.37 1.61 1.60 1.60 1.59 1.59 1.58 1.64 1.64 1.63 1.62 1.62 1.61 1.60 1.62 1.62 1.58 1.60 1.59 1.58 1.97 1.96 1.96 1.95 1.93 2.17 2.18 2.17 2.15 2.15 2.14 2.17 2.16 2.12 2.14 3.26 3.23 3.22
10.5 5.01 16.7 7.56 18.9 8.57 20.6 9.26 23.2 10.5 27.0 12.1 17.0 10.1 19.3 11.4 21.6 12.7 23.8 14.0 28.1 16.5 30.2 17.7 24.4 9.63 26.2 10.3 29.7 11.7 33.2 13.1 36.7 14.4 43.4 17.0 46.1 17.9 37.0 10.5 42.1 11.9 45.8 12.7 52.0 14.7 61.6 17.3 75.5 21.1 43.3 17.2 48.2 19.0 53.7 21.2 63.6 25.0 78.1 30.6 42.8 20.3 49.1 23.5 54.1 25.8 63.4 30.1 74.3 35.3 78.2 37.0 94.5 27.0 112 31.9 128 36.1 138 39.0 120 71.5 148 87.9 175 104
0.430 0.415 0.414 0.410 0.410 0.404 0.548 0.548 0.546 0.545 0.541 0.539 0.360 0.360 0.360 0.359 0.358 0.354 0.352 0.263 0.263 0.259 0.261 0.259 0.254 0.364 0.361 0.361 0.359 0.354 0.437 0.439 0.437 0.435 0.434 0.431 0.264 0.263 0.261 0.260 0.554 0.552 0.549
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
10.9 22.1 24.9 26.8 30.2 34.7 30.7 34.6 38.4 42.2 49.5 53.1 34.4 36.7 41.3 45.8 50.2 58.8 61.9 40.8 45.8 48.7 55.8 65.3 79.2 72.7 80.5 89.2 105 127 90.9 104 114 132 153 161 138 162 182 197 434 530 622
2.36 3.18 3.17 3.14 3.14 3.11 3.15 3.14 3.13 3.12 3.10 3.09 4.02 4.01 4.00 3.99 3.98 3.95 3.93 4.85 4.84 4.79 4.82 4.79 4.75 4.83 4.81 4.81 4.78 4.74 4.77 4.79 4.78 4.74 4.74 4.71 6.48 6.45 6.41 6.41 6.38 6.34 6.30
1.40 1.84 1.83 1.80 1.81 1.78 2.19 2.18 2.17 2.16 2.14 2.13 2.11 2.10 2.10 2.09 2.08 2.06 2.04 2.02 2.02 1.97 2.00 1.98 1.95 2.54 2.52 2.52 2.50 2.47 2.86 2.88 2.86 2.83 2.82 2.80 2.70 2.68 2.65 2.65 4.45 4.42 4.38
2.52 3.39 3.38 3.34 3.35 3.30 3.49 3.48 3.46 3.45 3.42 3.40 4.23 4.22 4.21 4.20 4.18 4.16 4.13 5.00 4.99 4.93 4.96 4.93 4.89 5.09 5.06 5.06 5.03 4.99 5.12 5.15 5.13 5.08 5.08 5.04 6.68 6.65 6.60 6.60 7.07 7.02 6.97
BARS
Flat
Section Size
Unit Weight
Section Area
Section Size
A
Thickness mm 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
Thickness
Width
M
mm 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
mm 12 16 19 25 32 38 50 65 75 100 25 32 35 38 44 50 65 75 100 25 32 35 38 40 44 50 65 75 90 100 125 150 175 200 25 32 38 44 50 65 75 90 100
kg/m 0.283 0.377 0.447 0.589 0.754 0.895 1.18 1.53 1.77 2.36 0.883 1.13 1.24 1.34 1.55 1.77 2.30 2.65 3.53 1.18 1.51 1.65 1.79 1.88 2.07 2.36 3.06 3.53 4.24 4.71 5.89 7.07 8.24 9.42 1.57 2.01 2.39 2.76 3.14 4.08 4.71 5.65 6.28
2
cm 0.360 0.480 0.570 0.750 0.960 1.14 1.50 1.95 2.25 3.00 1.13 1.44 1.58 1.71 1.98 2.25 2.93 3.38 4.50 1.50 1.92 2.10 2.28 2.40 2.64 3.00 3.90 4.50 5.40 6.00 7.50 9.00 10.5 12.0 2.00 2.56 3.04 3.52 4.00 5.20 6.00 7.20 8.00
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Unit Weight
Section Area
Width
M
A
mm 125 150 200 19 25 32 38 44 50 65 75 90 100 125 150 180 200 250 300 25 32 38 40 44 50 65 75 90 100 125 150 180 200 250 300 25 32 38 50 65 75 90 100
kg/m 7.85 9.42 12.56 1.34 1.77 2.26 2.68 3.11 3.53 4.59 5.30 6.36 7.07 8.83 10.60 12.72 14.13 17.66 21.20 2.36 3.01 3.58 3.77 4.14 4.71 6.12 7.07 8.48 9.42 11.78 14.13 16.96 18.84 23.55 28.26 3.14 4.02 4.77 6.28 8.16 9.42 11.30 12.56
cm 10.0 12.0 16.0 1.71 2.25 2.88 3.42 3.96 4.50 5.85 6.75 8.10 9.00 11.3 13.5 16.2 18.0 22.5 27.0 3.00 3.84 4.56 4.80 5.28 6.00 7.80 9.00 10.8 12.0 15.0 18.0 21.6 24.0 30.0 36.0 4.00 5.12 6.08 8.00 10.4 12.0 14.4 16.0
2
S R A B
139
BARS
Flat
Section Size Thickness
B A R S
140
Width
Unit Weight
Section Area
Section Size
M
A
Thickness 2
mm
mm
kg/m
16 16 16 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 25 25 25
125 150 200 38 50 65 75 90 100 125 150 200 250 300 50 65 75
15.70 18.84 25.12 5.67 7.46 9.69 11.19 13.42 14.92 18.64 22.37 29.83 37.29 44.75 9.81 12.76 14.72
cm 20.0 24.0 32.0 7.2 9.5 12.4 14.3 17.1 19.0 23.8 28.5 38.0 47.5 57.0 12.5 16.3 18.8
25
90
17.66
22.5
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Unit Weight
Section Area
Width
M
A
mm
mm
kg/m
25 25 25 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 36 36 36 36 36
100 125 150 100 125 150 180 200 230 250 280 300 100 125 150 180 200
19.63 24.53 29.44 25.12 31.40 37.68 45.22 50.24 57.78 62.80 70.34 75.36 28.26 35.33 42.39 50.87 56.52
cm 25.0 31.3 37.5 32.0 40.0 48.0 57.6 64.0 73.6 80.0 89.6 96.0 36.0 45.0 54.0 64.8 72.0
2
BARS
Square a
Designation Mass Per Metre
Size a
Area Of Section
Second Moment Of Inertia
Radius Of Gyration
Elastic Modulus
mm
kg/m
Ib/ft
mm
2
mm
mm
mm
mm
9
0.64
0.43
81.0
547
2.60
121
182
10
0.79
0.53
100
833
2.89
167
250
12
1.13
0.76
144
1728
3.46
288
432
13
1.33
0.89
169
2380
3.75
366
549
16
2.01
1.35
256
5461
4.62
683
1024
18
2.54
1.71
324
8748
5.20
972
1458
19
2.83
1.90
361
10860
5.48
1143
1715
22
3.80
2.55
484
19520
6.35
1775
2662
25
4.91
3.30
625
32550
7.22
2604
3906
28
6.15
4.14
784
51220
8.08
3659
5488
30
7.07
4.75
900
67500
8.66
4500
6750
8.04
5.40
1024
87380
9.24
5461
8192
36
10.17
6.84
1296
140000
10.4
7776
11660
38
11.34
7.62
1444
173800
11.0
9145
13720
32
4
3
Plastic Modulus 3
40
12.56
8.44
1600
213300
11.5
10670
16000
44
15.20
10.21
1936
312300
12.7
14200
21300
45
15.90
10.68
2025
341700
13.0
15190
22780
50
19.63
13.19
2500
520800
14.4
20830
31250
55
23.75
15.96
3025
762600
15.9
27730
41590
60
28.26
18.99
3600
1080000
17.3
36000
54000
65
33.17
22.29
4225
1488000
18.8
45770
68660
75
44.16
29.67
5625
2637000
21.7
70310
105500
80
50.24
33.76
6400
3413000
23.1
85330
128000
85
56.72
38.11
7225
4350000
24.5
102400
153500
90
63.59
42.73
8100
5468000
26.0
121500
182300
95
70.85
47.61
9025
6788000
27.4
142900
214300
100
78.50
52.75
10000
8333000
28.9
166700
250000
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
S R A B
141
BARS
Deformed and Round
Deformed
Round
Section Size
Unit Weight M
Section Area A
mm 6 8 10 12 13 16 18 19 20 22 25 28 30 32 38 40 50
kg/m 0.222 0.395 0.617 0.888 1.04 1.58 2.00 2.23 2.47 2.98 3.85 4.83 5.55 6.31 8.90 9.86 15.4
cm 0.283 0.503 0.785 1.13 1.33 2.01 2.54 2.84 3.14 3.80 4.91 6.16 7.07 8.04 11.3 12.6 19.6
2
B A R S
Round Section Size
142
Section Area A
mm 6 8 9 10 12 13 14 16
Unit Weight M kg/m 0.222 0.395 0.499 0.617 0.888 1.04 1.21 1.58
18 19 20 21 22 24 25 26 28 29 30 31 32 35 38 40 42 44 45 50
2.00 2.23 2.47 2.72 2.98 3.55 3.85 4.17 4.83 5.19 5.55 5.92 6.31 7.55 8.90 9.86 10.88 11.9 12.5 15.4
2.54 2.84 3.14 3.46 3.80 4.52 4.91 5.31 6.16 6.61 7.07 7.55 8.04 9.62 11.3 12.6 13.9 15.2 15.9 19.6
2
cm 0.283 0.503 0.636 0.785 1.13 1.33 1.54 2.01
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Section Size
Unit Weight M
Section Area A
mm 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135
kg/m 18.7 22.2 26.0 30.2 34.7 39.5 44.5 49.9 55.6 61.7 68.0 74.6 81.5 88.8 96.3 104.2 112.4
cm 23.8 28.3 33.2 38.5 44.2 50.3 56.7 63.6 70.9 78.5 86.6 95.0 103.9 113.1 122.7 132.7 143.1
140 145 150 160 170 180 190
120.8 129.6 138.7 157.8 178.2 199.8 222.6
153.9 165.1 176.7 201.1 227.0 254.5 283.5
200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 320
246.6 271.9 298.4 326.1 355.1 385 417 449 483 519 555 631
314.2 346.4 380.1 415.5 452 491 531 573 616 661 707 804
2
PLATES
143
Plates
Product specifications Main specifications ABS Specifi cations (American Bureau of Shipping Rules) ABS (1998): Rules Requirements for Materials and Welding, Part 2. Ordinary strength hull structural steel plates. Higher strength hull structural steel plates. ASTM Specifications ( American Society for Testing of Materials) A36 (1996): Standard specification for Carbon Structural Steel. A283 (1993): Standard specification for Low and Intermediate Tensile Strength Carbon Steel Plates A285 (1990): Standard specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Low- and Intermediate Tensile Strength. A516 (1990): Standard specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Moderate- and Lower-Temperature Service. A572 (1997): Standard specification for High-Strength, Low Alloy, Columbium-Vanadium Structural Steel. BSI Specifications (British Standards Institute) BS 7191 (1989): Specification for Weldable structural steels for fixed offshore structures. EN 10028 (1993): Specification for Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes. EN 10113 (1993): Standard specification for Hot rolled products in weldable fine grain structural steels. EN 10137 (1996): Plates and wide flats made of high yield strength structural steels in the quenched and tempered or precipitation hardened conditions. EN 10149 (1996): Specification for Hot-rolled flat products made of high yield strength steels for cold forming. EN 10207 (1992): Steels for simple pressure vessels - Technical delivery requirements for plates, strips and bars.
S E T A L P
JIS Specifications (Japanese Industrial Standards) G 3101 (1991): Rolled steels for general structures. G 3106 (1995): Rolled steels for welded structure. LRS Specifications (Lloyd’s Register of Shipping Rules) LR (1998): Manufacture, Testing and Certification of Materials.
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
143
PLATES
141
List of standard specifications Specifications
Yield strength 2
N/mm t<16mm
16
t>40mm
Tensile
Elongation
Charpy V-notch
strength
min. %
Temp. ( C) Energy (J)
2
N/mm
L0=5.65 S0
20
0
-20
-40
-50
-
-
-
-
-
GENERAL STRUCTURES ASTM A36
50mm-200mm min. 250
400-550
ASTM A283
23-20 50mm-200mm
Grade A
min. 165
310-415
30-27
-
-
-
-
-
Grade B
min. 185
345-450
28-25
-
-
-
-
-
Grade C
min. 205
380-515
25-22
-
-
-
-
-
Grade D
min. 230
415-550
23-20
-
-
-
-
-
ASTM A572
50mm-200mm
Grade 42
min. 290
415
24-20
-
-
-
-
-
Grade 50
min. 345
450
21-18
-
-
-
-
-
Grade 60
min. 415
520
18-16
-
-
-
-
-
Grade 65
min. 450
550
17-15
-
-
-
-
-
S275N
min. 275
370-510
-
-
40
-
27
S355N
min. 355
470-630
-
-
40
-
27
S420N
min. 420
520-680
-
-
40
-
27
S460N
min. 460
550-720
-
-
40
-
27
S275M
min. 275
360-510
-
-
40
-
27
S355M
min. 355
450-610
-
-
40
-
27
S420M
min. 420
500-660
-
-
40
-
27
S460M
min. 460
530-720
-
-
40
-
27
S315MC
min. 315
390-510
24
-
-
40
-
-
S355MC
min. 355
430-550
23
-
-
40
-
-
S420MC
min. 420
480-620
19
-
-
40
-
-
S460MC
min. 460
520-670
17
-
-
40
-
-
S500MC
min. 500
550-700
14
-
-
40
-
-
S550MC
min. 550
600-760
14
-
-
40
-
-
S600MC
min. 600
650-820
13
-
-
40
-
-
EN 10025-3&4 : 2004
P L A T E S
EN 10149-2
S650MC
650 (t8mm)
620
70 0-880
12
-
-
40
-
-
S700MC
700 (t8mm)
680
75 0-950
12
-
-
40
-
-
EN 10149-3 S260NC
min. 260
370-490
30
-
-
40
-
-
S315NC
min. 315
430-550
27
-
-
40
-
-
S355NC
min. 355
470-610
25
-
-
40
-
-
S420NC
min. 420
530-670
23
-
-
40
-
-
JIS G 3101 SS330
205
195
175
330-430
28-21
-
-
-
-
-
SS400
245
235
215
400-510
17-23
-
-
-
-
-
SS490
285
275
255
490-610
15-21
-
-
-
-
-
SS540
400
390
-
min. 540
13-17
-
-
-
-
-
SM400A, B, C
245
235
215
400-510
18-24
B/C 27/47
-
-
-
SM490A, B, C
325
315
295
490-610
17-23
B/C 27/47
-
-
-
JIS G 3106
144
0 C
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
PLATES
142
Specifications
Yield strength 2
N/mm t<16mm
Tensile
Elongation
Charpy V-notch
strength
min. %
Temp. ( C) Energy (J)
2
16
t>40mm N/mm Contd. GENERAL STRUCTURES
L0=5.65S0
20
Contd. JIS G 3106
0
-20
-40
-50
0 C
-5 C -
-
-
-
-
-
47
-
-
SM490YA, YB
365
355
335
490-610
15-21
YB 27
SM520B, C
365
355
335
520-640
15-21
B/C 27/47
SM570
460
450
430
570-720
19-26
-
-
BRIDGES, FLOOD GATES, STORAGE TANKS, WATER TANKS, BUILDINGS, CRANE STRUCTURES EN 10025-6
0
-20
-40
S460Q, QL, QL1
1)
460
1)*
440
1)**
400
1)***
550-720
17
40/50/60 30/40/50 -/30/40
S500Q, QL, QL1
1)
500
1)*
480
1)**
440
1)***
590-770
17
40/50/60 30/40/50 -/30/40
S550Q, QL, QL1
1)
550
1)*
530
1)**
490
1)***
640-820
16
40/50/60 30/40/50 -/30/40
S620Q, QL, QL1
1)
620
1)*
580
1)**
560
1)***
700-890
15
40/50/60 30/40/50 -/30/40
S690Q, QL, QL1
1)
690
1)*
650
1)**
630
1)***
S890Q, QL, QL1
1)
890
1)*
S960Q, QL, QL1
1)
EN 10137-3
960
830 -
760-940
14
40/50/60 30/40/50 -/30/40
-
1)***
880-1100
11
40/50/60 30/40/50 -/30/40
-
1)***
980-1150
10
40/50/60 30/40/50 -/30/40
3mm
0
-20
-40
17
55/65
40/50
-/40
650-820
16
55/65
40/50
-/40
580
710-880
15
55/65
40/50
-/40
650
760-930
14
55/65
40/50
-/40
S500A, AL
2)
2)*
480
600-700
S550A, AL
2)
2)*
530
S620A, AL
2)
2)*
S690A, AL
2)
2)*
500 550 620 690
SPECIAL STEEL BS 7191 275D
275
265
-
430-580
22
-
-
40
-
-
275E
275
265
265
430-580
22
-
-
-
40
-
275EZ
275
265
265
430-580
22
-
-
-
40
-
355D
355
345
-
490-640
20
-
-
50
-
-
355E
355
345
-
490-640
20
-
-
-
50
-
355EM
355
345
340
460-620
20
-
-
-
50
-
355EMZ
355
345
340
460-620
20
-
-
-
50
-
450EM
450
415
-
550-700
19
-
-
-
60
-
450EMZ
450
415
-
550-700
19
-
-
-
60
-
S E T A L P
HULL STRUCTURES ABS
3)
For thickness t
50mm
Grade A, B, D, E
min. 235
400-550
22
-
27
27
27
-60
Gr. AH, DH, EH, FH 32
min. 315
440-590
22
-
34
34
34
34
Gr. AH, DH, EH, FH 36
min. 355
490-620
21
-
34
34
34
34
Gr. AH, DH, EH, FH 40
min. 390
510-650
20
-
41
41
41
41
Grade A, B, D, E
min. 235
400-520
22
27
27
27
27
-60
Gr. AH, DH, EH, FH 32
min. 315
440-590
22
-
31
31
31
31
Gr. AH, DH, EH, FH 36
min. 355
490-620
21
-
34
34
34
34
Gr. AH, DH, EH, FH 40
min. 390
510-650
20
-
41
41
41
41
LR
3)
PRESSURE VESSELS, GENERAL ASTM A285
50mm-200mm
Grade A
min. 165
310-450
30-27
-
-
-
-
-
Grade B
min. 185
345-485
28-25
-
-
-
-
-
Grade C
min. 205
380-515
27-23
-
-
-
-
-
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
145
PLATES
143
Specifications
Yield strength N/mm t<16mm
2
Tensile
Elongation
Charpy V-notch
Strength
min. %
Temp. ( C) Energy (J)
2
16
t>40mm N/mm Contd. PRESSURE VESSELS, GENERAL
ASTM A516
20
0
-20
-40
-50
50mm-200mm
Grade 55
min. 205
380-515
27-23
-
-
-
-
-
Grade 60
min. 220
415-550
25-21
-
-
-
-
-
Grade 65
min. 240
450-585
23-19
-
-
-
-
-
Grade 70
min. 260
485-620
21-17
-
-
-
-
-
EN 10028-2 225
4)
4)
360-480
25
-
27
-
-
-
255
4)
4)
410-530
23
-
27
-
-
-
290
4)
4)
460-580
22
-
27
-
-
-
4)
510-650
21
-
27
-
-
-
4)
440-590
24-23
31
-
-
-
-
4)
450-600
20
31
-
-
-
-
4)
480-630
18
31
-
-
-
-
18
31
-
-
-
-
55
47
40
-
-
63
55
47
34
27
NL2
100
90
65
40
30
N, NH
55
47
40
-
-
P235GH P265GH P295GH
235 265 295
215 245 285
P355GH
355
345
4)
16 Mo 3
275
270
4)
13 CrMo 4-5 10 CrMo 9-10
335 260
4)
300 310
11 CrMo 9-10
295 4)
300
290
min. 310
520-670
EN 10028-3 P275
NL1 P355
70mm 70-150
N, NH
NL1
275
355
5)
275
265
5)
355
345
5)*
5)*
390-510
490-630
24
23
22
21
NL2
P L A T E S
P460
N, NH NL1
460
5)
450
440
5)*
570-720
17
16
NL2 EN 10028-4
t<30mm
30mm
63
55
47
34
27
100
90
65
40
30
55
47
40
-
-
63
55
47
34
27
100
90
65
40
30
t<50mm
11 MnNi 5-3
6)
285
6)*
275
420-530
24
70
60
55
50
45
13 MnNi 6-3
6)
355
6)*
345
490-610
22
70
60
55
50
45
15 MnNi 6
6)
355
6)*
345
490-640
22
65
65
65
60
50
12 Ni 14
6)
355
6)*
345
490-640
22
65
60
55
55
50
12 Ni 19
6)
390
6)*
380
530-710
20
70
70
70
65
65
X8 Ni9 HT 640
6)
490
6)*
480
640-840
18
70
70
70
70
70
X8 Ni9 HT 680
6)
585
6)*
575
680-820
18
120 120 120 120 120
X7 Ni 9
6)
585
6)*
575
680-820
18
120 120 120 120 120
EN 10028-5 P355
M ML1
355
7)
355
345
450-610
22
ML2 P420
M ML1
420
7)
400
390
500-660
19
ML2 P460
M ML1
460
7)
440
430
530-720
17
ML2
60
40
27
-
-
60
40
27
-
-
80
60
40
27
60
40
27
-
-
-
60
40
27
-
-
80
60
40
27
60
40
27
-
-
-
60
40
27
-
-
80
60
40
27
60
40
27
-
-
-
60
40
27
-
-
80
60
40
27
EN 10028-6 P355
-60
Q, QH QL1
8)
355
8)*
335
8)**
315
8)***
490-630
QL2
146
-
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
22
PLATES
144
Specifications
Yield strength 2
N/mm t<16mm
Tensile
Elongation
Charpy V-notch
strength
min. %
Temp. ( C) Energy (J)
2
16
t>40mm N/mm Contd. PRESSURE VESSELS, GENERAL
20
0
-20
-40
60
40
27
-
-
60
40
27
-
-
80
60
40
27
60
40
27
-
-
-
60
40
27
-
-
80
60
40
27
60
40
27
-
-
-
60
40
27
-
-
80
60
40
27
Contd. EN 10028-6 P460
-60
Q, QH 8)
QL1
460
8)*
440
8)**
400
8)***
500-720
19
QL2 P500
Q, QH 8)
500
QL1
8)*
480
8)**
440
8)***
590-770
17
QL2 P690
Q, QH 8)
690
QL1
-50
8)*
670
8)**
630
8)***
770-940
14
QL2
-
PRESSURE VESSELS, LOW TEMPERATURE SERVICE EN 10207
3-40mm 40-60
P235S
235
225
215
360-480
26
25
-
-
28
-
-
P265S
265
255
245
410-530
22
22
-
-
28
-
-
P275SL
275
265
255
390-510
24
24
-
-
-
-
28
Table 25 – Plates: List of standards specifications 1)
For t50mm.
1)*
For 50
1)**
For 100150mm, see EN 10137-2.
1)***
For t100mm. For t>100mm, see EN 10137-2.
2)
For t 50mm.
2)*
For 50
3)
For LR and ABS plates the difference between A, B, D, E, F grades are the impact tests. They are made at the following temperatures:
S E T A L P
A grade
+20 C
E/EH grade
B/AH grade
0 C
FH grade -60 C
D/DH grade
-20 C
°
°
-40 C °
°
°
4)
For plates thicker than 60mm, see EN 10028-2:1992.
5)
For plates thicker than 50mm, see EN 10028-3:1992.
5)*
For plates thicker than 70mm, see EN 10028-3:1992.
6)
For t30mm.
6)*
For 30
7)
Maximum thickness 63mm.
8)
For t50mm
8)*
For 50
8)**
For 100
8)***
For t100mm. For 100
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
147
PLATES
145
Mild Steel Plates 2
2
Metric units 7.85kg/mm m - 0.7293 kg/mm ft Width x Length (ft) Thickness
Weight
mm
kg/ft
1.2 1.5 1.6 1.9
4 x 16
5 x 10
5 x 20
8 x 20
10 x 30
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
0.875
28.0
-
43.8
-
-
-
-
1.094 1.167 1.386
35.0 37.3 44.3
-
54.7 58.3 69.3
-
-
-
-
2.3 2.6 3
1.677 1.896 2.188
53.7 60.7 70.0
-
83.9 94.8 109
219
-
-
-
3.2 4.0 4.5
2.334 2.917
74.7 93.3
187
117 146
292
350
-
-
5
3.282 3.647
105 117
210 233
164 182
328 365
394 438
-
-
6
4.376
140
280
219
438
525
700
1313
6.35 7.5 8
4.631 5.470 5.834 6.564 6.950
148 175 187 210 222
296 350 373 420 445
232 273 292 328 348
463 547 583 656 695
556 656 700 788 834
741 875 934 1050 1112
1389 1641 1750 1969 2085
10 12 12.7 13 14
7.293 8.752
233 280
467 560
365 438
729 875
875 1050
1167 1400
2188 2625
9.262 9.481 10.21
296 303 327
593 607 653
463 474 511
926 948 1021
1111 1138 1225
1482 1517 1634
2779 2844 3063
15
10.94
350
700
547
1094
1313
1750
3282
16 18
11.67
373
747
583
1167
1400
1867
3501
13.13 13.86
420 443
840 887
656 693
1313 1386
1575 1663
2100 2217
3938 4157
20 21 22 24 25
14.59 15.32 16.04
467 490 513
934 980 1027
729 766 802
1459 1532 1604
1750 1838 1925
2334 2450 2567
4376 4595 4813
17.50 18.23
560 583
1120 1167
875 912
1750 1823
2100 2188
2801 2917
5251 5470
25.4
18.52
593
1186
926
1852
2223
2964
5557
28 29
20.42 21.15
653 677
1307 1354
1021 1057
2042 2115
2450 2538
3267 3384
6126 6345
30 32 35 36 38
21.88 23.34 25.53 26.25 27.71
700 747 817 840 887
1400 1494 1634 1680 1774
1094 1167 1277 1313 1386
2188 2334 2553 2625 2771
2625 2801 3064 3151 3326
3501 3734 4085 4201 4434
6564 7001 7659 7876 8314
40 44
29.17
934
1867
1459
2917
3501
4668
8752
45
32.09 32.82
1027 1050
2054 2100
1605 1641
3209 3282
3851 3938
5134 5251
9627 9846
50 55 57
36.47 40.11 41.57
1167 1284 1330
2334 2567 2660
1823 2006 2079
3647 4011 4157
43 76 48 13 49 88
5834 6418 6651
10940 12033 12471
60 63.5
43.76 46.31
1400 1482
2801 2964
2188 2316
4376 4631
52 51 55 57
7001 7410
13127 13893
65
47.40
1517
3034
2370
4740
56 89
7585
14221
70 75
51.05 54.70
1634 1750
3267 3501
2553 2735
5105 5470
61 26 65 64
8168 8752
15315 16409
19
Contd. from previous page 2
2
Metric units 7.85kg/mm m - 0.7293 kg/mm ft
148
6 x 20
Weight / pc kg
9 9.53
P L A T E S
2
4x8
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
PLATES
146
Width x Length (ft) Thickness
4x8
4 x 16
5 x 10
5 x 20
Weight
mm
kg/ft
80
2
6 x 20
8 x 20
10 x 30
Weight / pc kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
58.34
1867
3734
2917
5834
7001
9335
17503
90 100
65.64 72.93
2100 2334
4201 4668
3282 3647
6564 7293
7876 8752
10502 11669
19691 21879
110 120
80.22 87.52
2567 2801
5134 5601
4011 4376
8022 8752
9627 10502
12836 14003
24067 26255
125
91.16
2917
5834
4558
9116
10940
14586
27349
130 140 150
94.81 102.1 109.4
3034 3267 3501
6068 6535 7001
4740 5105 5470
9481 10210 10940
11377 12252 13127
15169 16336 17503
28443 30631 32819
Table 26 – Plates: Sizes of Mild Steel Plates
Chequered Plates 2
Metric units 8.08kg/mm m - 0.7507 kg/mm ft Width x Length (ft) Thickness
Weight
mm
kg/ft
2.3 3
2
4x 8
4 x 10
2
4 x 16
4 x 20
5 x 10
5 x 20
Weight / pc kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
Kg
1.73
55.2
69.1
111
138
86.3
-
2.25
72.0
90.1
144
180
113
-
3.2
2.40
76.8
96.1
154
192
120
-
4
3.00
96.1
120
192
240
150
-
4.3
3.23
103
129
207
258
161
-
4.5
3.38
108
135
216
270
169
-
5
3.75
120
150
240
300
188
-
5.8
4.35
139
174
279
348
218
435
6
4.50
144
180
288
360
225
450
7.5
5.63
180
225
360
450
282
563
8
6.01
192
240
384
480
300
601
9
6.76
216
270
432
541
338
676
12
9.01
288
360
576
721
450
901
S E T A L P
Table 27 – Plates: Sizes of Chequered Plates
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
149
Plates
Metric units 7.85kg/mm m - 0.7293 kg/mm ft Thickness
Unit
t
mm
4x8
M
Weight / pc
kg/ft
2
4 x 16
5 x 10
5 x 20
6 x 20
8 x 20
10 x 30
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
0.875
28.0
-
43.8
-
-
-
-
1.5
1.094
35.0
-
54.7
-
-
-
-
1.6
1.167
37.3
-
58.3
-
-
-
-
1.9
1.386
44.3
-
69.3
-
-
-
-
2.3
1.677
53.7
-
83.9
-
-
-
-
2.6
1.896
60.7
-
94.8
-
-
-
-
3
2.188
70.0
-
109
219
-
-
-
3.2
2.334
74.7
-
117
-
-
-
-
4.5
3.282
105
210
164
328
394
-
-
3.647
117
233
182
365
438
-
-
6
4.376
140
280
219
438
525
700
1313
7
5.105
163
327
255
511
613
817
1532
8
5.834
187
373
292
583
700
934
1750
9
6.564
210
420
328
656
788
1050
1969
10
7.293
233
467
365
729
875
1167
2188
11
8.022
257
513
401
802
963
1284
2407
12
8.752
280
560
438
875
1050
1400
2625
9.262
296
593
463
926
1111
1482
2779
12.7
150
Weight
1.2
5
P L A T E S
Width x Length (ft)
13
9.481
303
607
474
948
1138
1517
2844
14
10.21
327
653
511
1021
1225
1634
3063
15
10.94
350
700
547
1094
1313
1750
3282
16
11.67
373
747
583
1167
1400
1867
3501
17
12.40
397
793
620
1240
1488
1984
3719
18
13.13
420
840
656
1313
1575
2100
3938
19
13.86
443
887
693
1386
1663
2217
4157
20
14.59
467
934
729
1459
1750
2334
4376
21
15.32
490
980
766
1532
1838
2450
4595
22
16.04
513
1027
802
1604
1925
2567
4813
23
16.77
537
1074
839
1677
2013
2684
5032
24
17.50
560
1120
875
1750
2100
2801
5251
25
18.23
583
1167
912
1823
2188
2917
5470
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
Plates
Metric units 7.85kg/mm m - 0.7293 kg/mm ft Thickness
Unit
t
Width x Length (ft)
Weight
4x8
M
Weight / pc 2
4 x 16
5 x 10
5 x 20
6 x 20
8 x 20
10 x 30
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
mm
kg/ft
25.4
18.52
593
1186
926
1852
2223
2964
5557
26
18.96
607
1214
948
1896
2275
3034
5689
27
19.69
630
1260
985
1969
2363
3151
5907
28
20.42
653
1307
1021
2042
2450
3267
6126
29
21.15
677
1354
1057
2115
2538
3384
6345
30
21.88
700
1400
1094
2188
2625
3501
6564
32
23.34
747
1494
1167
2334
2801
3734
7001
34
24.80
793
1587
1240
2480
2976
3967
7439
36
26.25
840
1680
1313
2625
3151
4201
7876
38
27.71
887
1774
1386
2771
3326
4434
8314
40
29.17
934
1867
1459
2917
3501
4668
8752
45
32.82
1050
2100
1641
3282
3938
5251
9846
50
36.47
1167
2334
1823
3647
4376
5834
10940
55
40.11
1284
2567
2006
4011
4813
6418
12033
60
43.76
1400
2801
2188
4376
5251
7001
13127
65
47.40
1517
3034
2370
4740
5689
7585
14221
70
51.05
1634
3267
2553
5105
6126
8168
15315
75
54.70
1750
3501
2735
5470
6564
8752
16409
80
58.34
1867
3734
2917
5834
7001
9335
17503
90
65.64
2100
4201
3282
6564
7876
10502
19691
100
72.93
2334
4668
3647
7293
8752
11669
21879
110
80.22
2567
5134
4011
8022
9627
12836
24067
120
87.52
2801
5601
4376
8752
10502
14003
26255
125
91.16
2917
5834
4558
9116
10940
14586
27349
130
94.81
3034
6068
4740
9481
11377
15169
28443
140
102.1
3267
6535
5105
10210
12252
16336
30631
150
109.4
3501
7001
5470
10940
13127
17503
32819
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
S E T A L P
151
P L A T E S
152
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
PIPES
JIS G 3452-1988 (SGP)
Nominal size A B
Outside Diameter mm in
Thickness mm in
Unit Weight (plain end) lb/ft kg/m
6
1/8
10.5
0.413
2.0
0.079
0.282
0.419
8
1/4
13.8
0.543
2.3
0.090
0.438
0.652
10
3/8
17.3
0.681
2.3
0.090
0.572
0.851
15
1/2
21.7
0.854
2.8
0.110
0.880
1.31
27.2
1.07
2.8
0.110
1.13
1.68
34.0
1.34
3.2
0.126
1.63
2.43
42.7
1.68
3.5
0.138
2.27
3.38
20
3/4
25
1
32
1 1/4
40
1 1/2
50
2
65
2 1/2
80
3
90
3 1/2
100 125
48.6
1.91
3.5
0.138
2.61
3.89
60.5
2.38
3.8
0.150
3.57
5.31
76.3
3.00
4.2
0.165
5.02
7.47
89.1
3.51
4.2
0.165
5.91
8.79
102
4.00
4.2
0.165
6.79
10.1
4
114
4.50
4.5
0.177
8.20
12.2
5
140
5.50
4.5
0.177
10.1
15.0
150
6
165
6.50
5.0
0.197
13.3
19.8
175
7
191
7.51
5.3
0.209
16.3
24.2
200
8
216
8.52
5.8
0.228
20.2
30.1
225
9
242
9.52
6.2
0.244
24.2
36.0
250
10
267
10.5
6.6
0.260
28.5
42.4
300
12
319
12.5
6.9
0.272
35.6
53.0
350
14
356
14.0
7.9
0.311
45.5
67.7
400
16
406
16.0
7.9
0.311
52.1
77.6
450
18
457
18.0
7.9
0.311
58.7
87.5
500
20
508
20.0
7.9
0.311
65.4
97.4
Tensile Strength : 290N/mm2 Welded steel Pipes Class Extra Light (AA) Designation
Nominal
of thread
bore
Outside diameter of black pipe
in.
mm
in.
mm
in.
mm
in.
mm
lb/ft
kg/m
1/2
15
0.84
21.4
0.83
21
0.063
1.6
0.52
0.773
3/4
20
1.06
26.9
1.04
26.4
0.063
1.6
0.666
0.99
1
25
1.33
33.8
1.31
33.2
0.075
1.9
0.994
1.48
1 1/4
32
1.67
42.5
1.65
41.9
0.075
1.9
1.27
1.89
1 1/2
40
1.9
48.4
1.88
47.8
0.075
1.9
1.45
2.16
2
50
2.3
60.2
2.35
59.6
0.075
1.9
1.83
2.72
2 1/2
65
2.99
76
2.96
75.2
0.075
1.9
2.31
3.45
3
80
3.49
88.7
3.46
87.9
0.083
2.1
3
4.46
3 1/2
90
3.98
102
3.95
101.1
0.083
2.1
3.46
5.15
4
100
4.48
113.9
4.45
113
0.091
2.3
4.23
6.31
5
125
5.53
140.6
5.46
138.7
0.157
4.0
8.99
13.4
6
150
6.54
166.1
6.46
164.1
0.157
4.0
10.7
15.9
max.
Thickness
min
Plain end
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
S E P I P
153
PIPES
BS 1387-1985
Steel tubes and tubulars suitable for screwing to BS 21 pipe threads Tube
Designation of thread
Nominal bore
in.
mm
in.
mm
in.
mm
in.
mm
1/8
6
0.383
10.1
0.369
9.7
0.072
1.8
1/4
8
0.532
13.6
0.518
13.2
0.072
1.8
3/8
10
0.671
17.1
0.656
16.7
0.072
1.8
1/2
15
0.841
21.4
0.825
21.0
0.080
2.0
3/4
20
1.059
26.9
1.041
26.4
0.092
2.3
1
25
1.328
33.8
1.309
33.2
0.104
2.6
1 1/4
32
1.670
42.5
1.650
41.9
1.104
2.6
1 1/2
40
1.903
48.4
1.882
47.8
0.116
2.9
Light (A)
50
2.347
60.2
2.307
59.6
0.116
2.9
2 1/2
65
2.991
76.0
2.960
75.2
0.128
3.2
3
80
3.491
88.7
3.460
87.9
0.128
3.2
4
100
4.481
113.9
4.450
113.0
0.144
3.6
6
0.411
10.4
0.386
9.8
0.080
2.0
1/4
8
0.547
13.9
0.522
13.3
0.092
2.3
3/8
10
0.685
17.4
0.660
16.8
0.092
2.3
1/2
15
0.856
21.7
0.831
21.1
0.104
2.6
3/4
20
1.072
27.2
1.047
26.6
0.104
2.6
1
25
1.346
34.2
1.316
33.4
0.128
3.2
1 1/4
32
1.687
42.9
1.657
42.1
0.128
3.2
1 1/2
40
1.919
48.8
1.889
48.0
0.128
3.2
1/8
2
50
2.394
60.8
2.354
59.8
0.144
3.6
2 1/2
65
3.014
76.6
2.969
75.4
0.144
3.6
3
80
3.524
89.5
3.469
88.1
0.160
4.0
4
100
4.524
114.9
4.459
113.3
0.176
4.5
5
125
5.534
140.6
5.459
138.7
0.192
5.0
150
6.539
166.1
6.459
164.1
0.192
5.0
6
0.411
10.4
0.386
9.8
0.104
2.7
1/4
8
0.547
13.9
0.522
13.3
0.116
2.9
3/8
10
0.685
17.4
0.660
16.8
0.116
2.9
1/2
15
0.856
21.7
0.831
21.1
0.128
3.2
3/4
6
Heavy (C)
E S
1/8
20
1.072
27.2
1.047
26.6
0.128
3.2
1
25
1.346
34.2
1.316
33.4
0.160
4.0
1 1/4
32
1.687
42.9
1.657
42.1
0.160
4.0
1 1/2
40
1.919
48.8
1.889
48.0
0.160
4.0
2
50
2.394
60.8
2.354
59.8
0.176
4.5
2 1/2
65
3.014
76.6
2.969
75.4
0.176
4.5
3
80
3.524
89.5
3.469
88.1
0.192
5.0
4
100
4.524
114.9
4.459
113.3
0.212
5.4
5
125
5.534
140.6
5.459
138.7
0.212
5.4
6
150
6.539
166.1
6.459
164.1
0.212
5.4
Yield Strength : 195 N/mm
2
Tensile Strength : 320 to 460 N/mm
154
Thickness
2
Medium (B)
P I P
Outside diameter of black pipe max. min
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
2
PIPES
Steel tubes and tubulars suitable for screwing to BS 21 pipe threads Tube
Light (A)
Medium (B)
Heavy (C)
Weight of black pipe Plain end Screwed and socketed lb/ft kg/m lb/ft kg/m
Ordinary sockets Min. outside dia. Min. length in. mm in. mm
0.243
0.361
0.245
0.364
19/32
15.0
3/4
19
0.347
0.517
0.350
0.521
23/32
18.5
1 1/16
27
0.453
0.674
0.457
0.680
7/8
22.0
1 1/8
28
0.640
0.952
0.646
0.961
1 1/16
27.0
1 7/16
37
0.944
1.410
0.954
1.420
1 9/32
32.5
1 9/16
39
1.350
2.010
1.360
2.030
1 9/16
39.5
1 13/16
46
1.730
2.580
1.750
2.610
1 15/16
49.0
2
51
2.190
3.250
2.220
3.290
2 3/16
56.0
2
51
2.760
4.110
2.810
4.180
2 11/16
68.0
2 3/8
60
3.900
5.800
3.980
5.920
3 5/16
84.0
2 11/16
69
4.580
6.810
4.690
6.980
3 7/8
98.0
2 15/16
75
4 7/8
6.640
9.890
6.840
10.200
124.0
3 7/16
87
0.273
0.407
0.275
0.410
19/32
15.0
3/4
19
0.437
0.650
0.440
0.654
23/32
18.5
1 1/16
27
0.573
0.852
0.577
0.858
7/8
22.0
1 1/8
28
0.822
1.220
0.828
1.230
1 1/16
27.0
1 7/16
37
1.060
1.580
1.070
1.590
1 9/32
32.5
1 9/16
39
1.640
2.440
1.650
2.460
1 9/16
39.5
1 13/16
46
2.110
3.140
2.130
3.170
1 15/16
49.0
2
51
2.430
3.610
2.460
3.650
2 3/16
56.0
2
51
3.420
5.100
3.470
5.170
2 11/16
68.0
2 3/8
60
4.380
6.510
4.460
6.630
3 5/16
84.0
2 11/16
69
5.690
8.470
5.800
8.640
3 7/8
98.0
2 15/16
75
8.140
12.100
8.340
12.400
4 7/8
124.0
3 7/16
87
10.900
16.200
11.200
16.700
5 15/16
151.0
3 3/4
96
12.900
19.200
13.300
19.800
7
178.0
3 3/4
96
0.331
0.493
0.333
0.496
19/32
15.0
3/4
19
0.517
0.769
0.520
0.773
23/32
18.5
1 1/16
27
0.686
1.020
0.690
1.030
7/8
22.0
1 1/8
28
0.977
1.450
0.983
1.460
1 1/16
27.0
1 7/16
37
1.270
1.900
1.280
1.910
1 9/32
32.5
1 9/16
39
2.000
2.970
2.010
2.990
1 9/16
39.5
1 13/16
46
2.580
3.840
2.600
3.870
1 15/16
49.0
2
51
2.980
4.430
3.010
4.470
2 3/16
56.0
2
51
4.140
6.170
4.190
6.240
2 11/16
68.0
2 3/8
60
5.310
7.900
5.390
8.020
3 5/16
84.0
2 11/16
69
6.760
10.100
6.870
10.300
3 7/8
98.0
2 15/16
75
9.710
14.400
9.910
14.700
4 7/8
124.0
3 7/16
87
12.000
17.800
12.300
18.300
5 15/16
151.0
3 3/4
96
14.300
21.200
14.700
21.800
7
178.0
3 3/4
96
Yield Strength : 195 N/mm
P
2
Tensile Strength : 320 to 460 N/mm
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
S E P I
2
155
PIPES
153
API 5L (1991) and ASTM A53 (1997) API Specification 5L line pipes (1991 edition); seamless and welded line pipes for conveying water, gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons and for the construction of chemical and industrial plants, oil refineries etc. ASTM A53 (1997 edition) Steel pipes, black and hot-dipped, zinc-coated, welded and seamless, with nominal (average) diameter from 1/8” - 26”. Please note that API 5L pipes might be heat-treated, ASTM A53 pipes are all cold formed.
Chemical composition The chemical composition of the API 5L and ASTM A53 pipes are shown below. Delivery condition API 5L S-W S-W S-W S-W S-W S-W S-W W W W ASTM A53 S-W S-W F
Grade
C max. %
Mn max. %
P max. %
S max. %
A B X42 X46 X52 X56 X60 X65 X70 X80
0.22 0.27 0.29 0.31 0.31 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.23 0.18
0.90 1.15 1.25 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.40 1.60 1.80
0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03
0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.018
A B
0.25 0.30 -
0.95 1.20 -
0.05 0.05 0.08
0.06 0.06 0.06
Notes: S = Seamless, W = electric-resistance Welded, F = Furnace-welded
Table 28 – API 5L a nd ASTM A53 Pipes: Chemical composition
Mechanical properties The mechanical properties for the API 5L and ASTM A53 pipes are shown in Table 29 below. Delivery condition
P I P
E S
API 5L S-W S-W S-W S-W S-W S-W S-W W W W ASTM A53 S-W S-W F
Grade
Min. Yield strength 2 N/mm
Min. Tensile strength 2 N/mm
A B X42 X46 X52 X56 X60 X65 X70 X80
207 241 289 317 358 386 413 448 482 551
331 413 413 434 455 489 517 530 565 620-827
A B
205 240 170
330 415 310
Table 29 – API 5L a nd ASTM A53 Pipes: Mechanical properties
The tables on the following pages show t he available sizes with outside diameter, plain end weight, wall thickness, designation, and hydrostatic test pressure.
156
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
PIPES
154
Section sizes OD = outer diameter, ID = inner diameter = Sizes only from ASTM A53 (1997). Schedule Nos. are taken from ASTM A53. ASTM sizes do not have an alternative size o r grades X42 to X80. Size OD
Wall thickness
Unit weight
ID
inch mm
Sch. No (Class)
t mm
kg/m
mm
1/8
40(Std)
1.7
0.36
6.9
10.3
80(XS)
2.4
0.47
Butt weld
Hydrostatic test pressure Values given in (psi). 1psi = 6.895MPa. A
B
X42
X46
X52
X56
X60
X65
X70
X80
700
700
700
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5.5
850
850
850
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1/4
40(Std)
2.2
0.62
9.3
700
700
700
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
13.7
80(XS)
3.0
0.79
7.7
850
850
850
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3/8
40(Std)
2.3
0.84
12.5
700
700
700
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17.2
80(XS)
3.2
1.10
10.1
850
850
850
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1/2
40(Std)
2.8
1.28
15.7
700
700
700
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
21.3
80(XS)
3.7
1.61
13.9
850
850
850
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
160
4.8
1.95
11.7
900
900
900
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(XXS)
7.5
2.55
6.3
1000
1000
1000
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3/4
40(Std)
2.9
1.70
20.9
700
700
700
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
26.7
80(XS)
3.9
2.19
18.9
850
850
850
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
160
5.6
2.89
15.5
950
950
950
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(XXS)
7.8
3.64
11.1
1000
1000
1000
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
40 (Std)
3.4
2.52
26.6
700
700
700
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
33.4
80 (XS)
4.5
3.21
24.4
850
850
850
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
160
6.4
4.23
20.7
1000
950
950
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(XXS)
9.1
5.45
15.2
-
1000
1000
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1 1/4
40 (Std)
3.6
3.43
35.0
1000
1200
1300
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
42.2
80 (XS)
4.9
4.51
32.4
1300
1800
1900
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
160
6.4
5.60
29.5
1400
1900
2000
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(XXS)
9.7
7.77
22.8
-
2200
2300
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1 1/2
40 (Std)
3.7
4.07
40.9
-
1200
1300
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
48.3
80 (XS)
5.1
5.43
38.1
-
1800
1900
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
160
7.1
7.23
34.0
-
1950
2050
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(XXS)
10.2
9.58
27.9
-
2200
2300
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2.1
3.01
56.1
Std.
1260
1470
1760
1930
2180
2350
2520
2730
2940
3000
Alt.
1570
1830
2200
2410
2730
2940
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
1650
1930
2310
2530
2860
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2070
2410
2890
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
1890
2210
2650
2910
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2370
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
2140
2490
2990
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
2 3/8 60.3
(Std)
2.8 3.2 3.6
40 (Std)
3.9 4.4 4.8
80 (XS)
5.5 6.4 7.1
3.97 4.51 5.03 5.42 6.07 6.57 7.43 8.51 9.31
54.6 53.9 53.1 52.5 51.5 50.7 49.3 47.5 46.1
Std.
2330
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
S E P I P
157
PIPES
155
Size OD
Wall thickness
Unit weight
ID
inch mm
Sch. no (Class)
t mm
kg/m
mm
2 3/8
160
8.7
11.10
42.8
(XXS)
11.1
13.47
38.1
60.3
2.1
2 7/8
3.67
68.8
73.0
2.8
40 (Std)
5.51
66.6
3.6
6.16
65.8
4.0
6.81
65.0
4.4
7.44
64.2
4.8
8.07
63.4
5.2
6.4
160
(XXS) 3
67.4
3.2
5.5
80 (XS)
4.85
7.0 9.5
8.69 9.16 10.51 11.39 14.89
62.6 62.0 60.2 59.0 54.0
14.0
20.37
45.0
2.1
4.50
84.7
2.8
5.95
83.3
3.2
6.76
82.5
88.9 P I P
E S
3.6 4.0 4.4 4.8 40 (Std)
80 (XS)
158
7.57 8.37 9.17 9.95
81.7 80.9 80.1 79.3
5.5
11.31
77.9
6.4
13.02
76.1
7.1
14.32
74.7
7.6
15.24
73.7
Hydrostatic test pressure Values given in (psi). 1psi = 6.895MPa.
Std.
A
B
X42
X46
X52
X56
X60
X65
X70
X80
2500
2500
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Alt.
-
-
-
-
-
Std.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
3000
-
3000
-
3000
-
3000
-
Alt.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
1040
1210
1460
1590
1800
1940
2030
2250
2430
2770
Alt.
1300
1520
1820
1990
2250
2430
2600
2810
3000
3000
Std.
1360
1590
1910
2090
2370
2550
2730
2960
3000
3000
Alt.
1710
1990
2390
2620
2960
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
1570
1830
2190
2400
2710
2920
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
1960
2280
2740
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
1770
2060
2470
2710
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2210
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
1950
2280
2730
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2440
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
2150
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
2350
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
2500
2500
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Alt.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Std.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
850
1000
1200
1310
1480
1590
1710
1850
1990
2270
Alt.
1070
1250
1490
1640
1850
1990
2130
2310
2490
2840
Std.
1120
1310
1570
1720
1940
2090
2240
2430
2620
2990
Alt.
1400
1640
1960
2150
2430
2620
2800
3000
3000
3000
Std.
1290
1500
1800
1970
2230
2400
2570
2790
3000
3000
Alt.
1610
1880
2250
2460
2790
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
1450
1690
2030
2220
2510
2710
2900
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
1810
2120
2540
2780
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
1600
1870
2250
2460
2780
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2010
2340
2810
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
1770
2060
2480
2710
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2210
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
1930
2260
2710
2970
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2420
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
2220
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
PIPES
156
Size OD
Wall thickness
Unit weight
ID
inch mm
Sch. no (Class)
t mm
kg/m
mm
3
160
11.1
21.30
66.6
88.9
(XXS)
15.2 2.1
4
27.63 5.15
58.5 97.4
101.6
2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.4 4.8 40 (Std)
5.7 6.4 7.1
80 (XS) 4
8.1
6.82 7.76 8.70 9.63 10.55 11.46 13.48 15.02 16.55 18.68
96.0 95.2 94.4 93.6 92.8 92.0 90.2 88.8 87.4 85.4
B
X42
X46
X52
X56
X60
X65
X70
X80
Std.
2500
2500
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Alt.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Std.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
750
870
1050
1150
1290
1390
1490
1620
1740
1990
Alt.
930
1090
1310
1430
1620
1740
1870
2020
2180
2460
Std.
980
1140
1370
1500
1700
1830
1960
2130
2290
2620
Alt.
1230
1430
1720
1880
2130
2290
2450
2660
2860
3000
Std.
1130
1310
1580
1730
1950
2100
2250
2440
2630
3000
Alt.
1410
1640
1970
2160
2440
2630
2810
3000
3000
3000
Std.
1270
1480
1780
1950
2200
2370
2540
2750
2960
3000
Alt.
1590
1850
2220
2430
2750
2960
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
1400
1640
1970
2150
2430
2620
2810
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
1760
2050
2460
2690
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
1550
1810
2170
2370
2680
2890
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
1940
2260
2710
2970
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
1690
1970
2370
2590
2930
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2120
2470
2960
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
2930
2370
2850
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2540
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
2250
2630
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
2530
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
660
770
930
1020
1150
1240
1330
1440
1550
1770
5.81
110.1
Std. Alt.
830
970
1160
1270
1440
1550
1660
1800
1940
2210
3.2
8.77
107.9
Std.
1000
1170
1400
1530
1730
1870
2000
2170
2330
2670
Alt.
1250
1460
1750
1920
2170
2330
2500
2710
2920
3000
3.6
9.83
107.1
Std.
1130
1320
1580
1730
1960
2110
2260
2440
2630
3000
Alt.
1410
1650
1970
2160
2440
2630
2820
3000
3000
3000
4.0
10.88
10 6.3
Std.
1250
1460
1750
1910
2160
2330
2500
2700
2910
3000
Alt.
1560
1820
2180
2390
2700
2910
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
1380
1610
1930
2110
2390
2570
2750
2980
3000
3000
Alt.
1720
2010
2410
2640
2980
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
1750
2110
2310
2610
2810
3000
3000
3000
3000
4.4
80 (XS)
A
2.1
114.30
40 (Std)
Hydrostatic test pressure Values given in (psi). 1psi = 6.895MPa.
11.92
10 5.5
4.8
12.96
10 4.7
Std.
1500
Alt.
1880
2190
2630
2880
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
5.2
13.99
10 3.9
Std.
1620
1890
2270
2490
2810
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2030
2370
2840
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
5.6
15.01
10 3.1
Std.
1750
2040
2450
2690
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2190
2560
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
6.0
16.02
102.3
Std.
1900
2210
2650
2910
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2370
2770
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
6.4
17.03
10 1.5
Std.
2000
2330
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2500
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
7.1
18.77
10 0.1
Std.
2250
2620
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
7.9
20.73
98.5
Std.
2500
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
8.6
22.42
97.1
Std.
2700
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
S E P I P
159
PIPES
157
Size OD
Wall thickness
Unit weight
ID
inch mm
Sch. no (Class)
4
Hydrostatic test pressure Values given in (psi). 1psi = 6.895MPa.
t mm
kg/m
mm
120
11.1
28.25
92.1
160
13.5
33.56
87.3
(XXS)
17.1
40.99
80.1
5 9/16
2.1
7.21
137.1
141.3
3.2
10.90
134.9
Std.
4.0
13.54
13 3.3
Std.
4.8
16.16
13 1.7
Std.
5.6
18.74
13 0.1
Std.
A
B
X42
X46
X52
X56
X60
X65
X70
X80
Std.
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Alt.
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Std.
540
630
750
820
930
1000
1040
1160
1250
1430
810
940
1130
1240
1400
1500
1630
1750
1890
2160
1010
1180
1410
1550
1750
1910
2020
2120
2360
2690
1220
1420
1700
1870
2110
2270
2430
2640
2840
3000
1420
1650
1990
2170
2460
2650
2830
3000
3000
3000
114.30
40
Size
6.6
21.92
128.1
Std.
1670
1950
2340
2560
2890
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
7.1
23.50
12 7.1
Std.
1820
2120
2550
2790
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
7.9
25.99
12 5.5
Std.
2020
2360
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
8.7
28.45
12 3.9
Std.
2230
2600
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
80 (XS)
9.5
30.88
122.3
Std.
2430
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
120
12.7
40.28
115.9
Std.
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
160
15.9
49.17
109.5
Std.
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
(XXS)
19.1
57.56
103.1
Std.
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Wall thickness
OD inch
Sch. No.
mm
(Class)
6 5/8 168.3
P I P
E S
40
80 (XS) 120 160
8 5/8 219.1
160
Unit weight
Hydrostatic test pressure ID
Values given in (psi). 1psi = 6.895MPa.
A
B
mm
kg/m
mm
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
X42
X46
X52
X56
X60
X65
X70
X80
2.1 2.8
8.61 11.43
164.1 162.7
450 590
560 740
530 690
660 860
790 1040
860 1140
980 1280
1050 1380
1130 1480
1220 1600
1320 1730
1500 1970
3.2
13.03
161.9
680
850
790
990
1190
1300
1470
1580
1700
1840
1980
2260
3.6
14.62
161.1
770
960
890
1120
1340
1470
1660
1790
1920
2080
2230
2550
4.0
16.21
160.3
850
1060
990
1240
1480
1620
1840
1980
2120
2300
2470
2830
4.4
17.78
159.5
930
1170
1090
1360
1640
1790
2030
2180
2340
2530
2730
3000
4.8
19.35
158.7
1020
1280
1190
1490
1790
1960
2210
2380
2550
2770
2980
3000
5.2
20.91
157.9
1100
1380
1290
1610
1930
2110
2390
2570
2760
2990
3000
3000
5.6
22.47
157.1
1190
1490
1390
1740
2080
2280
2580
2780
2980
3000
3000
3000
6.4
25.55
155.5
1360
1700
1580
1980
2380
2600
2940
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
7.1
28.22
154.1
1520
1900
1780
2220
2660
2920
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
7.9
31.25
152.5
1700
2120
1980
2470
2970
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
8.7
34.24
150.9
1870
2340
2180
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
9.5
37.20
149.3
2040
2550
2380
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
11.0
42.67
146.3
2350
2800
2740
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
12.7
48.73
142.9
2720
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
14.3
54.31
139.7
2800
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
15.9
59.76
136.5
2800
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
18.3
67.69
131.7
2800
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
19.1
70.27
130.1
2800
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
21.9
79.10
124.4
2800
-
2800
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(XXS)
22.2
79.98
123.9
2800
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3.2 4.0
17.04 21.22
212.7 211.1
520 650
650 810
610 760
760 950
910 1140
1000 1250
1130 1410
1220 1520
1300 1630
1410 1760
1520 1900
1740 2170
4.8
25.37
209.5
780
980
920
1140
1370
1500
1700
1830
1960
2130
2290
2620
5.2
27.43
208.7
850
1060
990
1240
1480
1620
1840
2000
2120
2290
2470
2820
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
PIPES
Size OD inch mm
158
Wall thickness Sch. No. (Class)
8 5/8 219.1
20 30 40
60
80 (XS) 100
120
t mm
kg/m
5.6 6.4
29.48 33.57
Hydrostatic test pressure Values given in (psi). 1psi = 6.895MPa.
ID mm
A Std.
207.9 206.3
910 1040
Alt.
B Std.
Alt.
X42
X46
X52
X56
X60
X65
X70
X80
1140 1300
1070 1220
1330 1520
1600 1830
1750 2000
1980 2260
2130 2430
2290 2610
2480 2830
2670 3000
3000 3000 3000
7.0
36.61
205.1
1160
1450
1350
1690
2020
2220
2510
2700
2890
3000
3000
7.9
41.14
203.3
1300
1630
1520
1900
2280
2500
2820
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
8.2
42.65
202.7
1340
1680
1570
1960
2350
2580
2910
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
8.7
45.14
201.7
1440
1790
1680
2090
2510
2750
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
9.5
49.10
200.1
1570
1960
1830
2280
2740
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
10.3
53.03
198.5
1700
-
2000
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
11.1
56.94
196.9
1830
2290
2130
2670
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
12.7
64.64
193.7
2090
2610
2430
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
14.3
72.22
190.5
2350
2800
2740
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
15.1
75.81
188.9
2500
-
2800
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15.9
79.67
187.3
2610
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
18.3
90.62
182.5
2800
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
19.1
94.20
180.9
2800
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
140
20.6
100.84
177.9
2800
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
(XXS)
22.2
107.79
174.7
2800
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
160
10 3/4 273.1
20 30 40 10 3/4
Unit weight
60 (XS)
273.1 80
23.0
111.14
173.1
2800
-
2800
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
25.4
121.32
168.3
2800
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
4.0 4.8
26.54 31.76
265.1 263.5
520 630
650 790
610 730
760 920
1040 1250
1130 1370
1280 1550
1380 1660
1480 1780
1600 1930
1730 2080
1970 2380
5.2
34.35
262.7
680
850
790
990
1350
1480
1670
1800
1930
2090
2250
2570
5.6
36.94
261.9
730
920
860
1070
1450
1590
1800
1940
2080
2250
2420
2770
6.4
42.09
260.3
840
1050
980
1220
1660
1820
2060
2210
2370
2570
2770
3000
7.1
46.57
258.9
930
1170
1090
1360
1850
2030
2290
2470
2650
2870
3000
3000
7.8
51.03
257.5
1030
1290
1200
1500
2040
2230
2520
2720
2910
3000
3000
3000
8.7
56.72
255.7
1150
1440
1340
1680
2280
2500
2830
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
9.3
60.50
254.5
1220
1530
1430
1780
2420
2660
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
11.1
71.72
250.9
1470
1830
1710
2140
2910
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
12.7
81.55
247.7
1670
2090
1950
2440
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
14.3
91.26
244.5
1880
2350
2200
2740
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
15.1
95.87
242.9
1990
-
2320
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15.9
100.85
241.3
2090
2620
2440
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
18.3
114.99
236.5
2410
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
20.6
128.27
231.9
2720
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
21.4
132.86
230.2
2800
-
2800
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
22.2
137.36
228.7
2800
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
23.8
146.30
225.5
2800
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
140
25.4
155.10
222.3
2800
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
160
28.6
172.25
172.1
2800
-
2800
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
31.8
188.75
209.5
2800
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
12 3/4
4.4
34.67
315.1
490
610
570
710
960
1050
1190
1280
1380
1490
1610
1830
323.9
4.8
37.77
314.3
530
660
620
770
1050
1150
1300
1400
1500
1630
1750
2010
5.2
40.87
313.5
570
720
670
840
1140
1250
1410
1520
1620
1760
1890
2170
5.6
43.59
312.7
620
770
720
900
1230
1340
1520
1640
1750
1900
2040
2340
100 120
20
30
-
6.4
50.11
311.1
710
880
820
1030
1400
1530
1730
1870
2000
2170
2330
2670
7.1
55.47
309.7
790
990
930
1160
1570
1720
1950
2100
2250
2440
2620
3000
7.9
61.56
308.1
880
1100
1030
1280
1750
1910
2160
2330
2500
2700
2910
3000
8.4
65.35
307.1
930
1160
1090
1360
1850
2020
2290
2460
2640
2860
3000
3000
8.7
67.62
306.5
970
1210
1130
1420
1930
2110
2390
2570
2750
2980
3000
3000
(Std)
9.5
73.65
304.9
1060
1320
1240
1540
2100
2300
2600
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
40
10.3
79.65
303.3
1150
1430
1340
1670
2270
2490
2810
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
S E P I P
161
PIPES
Size OD inch mm
159
Wall thickness Sch. No. (Class)
t mm
kg/m
mm
A Std.
Alt.
B Std.
Alt.
X42
X46
X52
X56
X60
X65
X70
X80
11.1
85.62
301.7
1240
1550
1440
1800
2450
2690
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
12.7
97.46
298.5
1410
1760
1650
2060
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
60
14.3
109.18
295.3
1590
1980
1850
2310
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
15.9
120.76
292.1
1760
2210
2060
2570
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
17.5
132.23
288.9
1940
2430
2270
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
19.1
143.56
285.7
2120
2650
2470
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
20.6
154.08
282.7
2290
2800
2670
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
21.4
159.69
281.0
2390
-
2780
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
22.2
165.17
279.5
2470
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
80
100
23.8
176.13
276.3
2650
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
120(XXS)
25.4
186.91
273.1
2800
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
27.0
197.68
269.9
2800
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
140
28.6
208.27
266.7
2800
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
31.8
229.06
260.3
2800
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
160
33.3
238.48
257.2
2800
-
2800
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
4.8
41.52
346.0
480
600
560
700
960
1050
1190
1280
1370
1480
1600
1830
355.6
5.2
44.93
345.2
520
650
610
760
1040
1140
1290
1390
1480
1600
1730
1970
5.3
45.78
345.0
540
680
630
790
1070
1170
1330
1430
1530
1660
1790
2040
5.6
48.33
344.4
560
700
660
820
1120
1220
1380
1490
1600
1730
1860
2130
6.4
55.11
342.8
640
800
750
940
1280
1400
1580
1700
1820
1970
2130
2430
7.1
61.02
341.4
720
900
840
1050
1430
1570
1770
1910
2050
2220
2390
2730
7.9
67.74
339.8
800
1000
940
1170
1590
1740
1970
2120
2270
2460
2650
3000
8.7
74.42
338.2
880
1110
1030
1290
1750
1920
2170
2340
2510
2720
2920
3000
10
20 30(Std) 40 (XS) 60
80 P I P
E S
100
120
9.5
81.08
336.6
960
1210
1120
1410
1910
2090
2370
2550
2730
2960
3000
3000
10.3
87.71
335.0
1040
1310
1220
1520
2070
2270
2560
2760
2960
3000
3000
3000
11.1
94.30
333.4
1130
1410
1310
1640
2230
2450
2770
2980
3000
3000
3000
3000
11.9
100.86
331.8
1210
1510
1410
1760
2390
2620
2960
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
12.7
107.39
330.2
1290
1610
1500
1880
2550
2790
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
14.3
120.36
327.0
1450
1810
1690
2110
2870
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
15.1
126.55
325.4
1530
-
1780
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15.9
133.19
323.8
1610
2010
1880
2340
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
17.5
145.91
320.6
1770
2210
2060
2580
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
19.1
158.49
317.4
1930
2410
2250
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
20.6
170.18
314.4
2090
2610
2440
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
22.2
182.52
311.2
2250
2800
2620
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
23.8
194.74
308.0
2410
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
25.4
206.83
304.8
2570
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
27.0
218.79
301.6
2730
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
27.8
224.64
300.0
2740
-
2800
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
28.6
230.63
298.4
2800
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
140
31.8
253.31
292.1
2800
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
160
35.7
281.40
284.2
2800
-
2800
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
50.8
381.40
254.0
2800
-
2800
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
54.0
401.03
247.7
2800
-
2800
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
55.9
412.56
243.8
2800
-
2800
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
63.5
456.89
228.6
2800
-
2800
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4.8 5.2
47.54 51.45
396.8 396.0
420 460
530 570
490 530
620 670
840 910
920 990
1040 1120
1120 1210
1200 1290
1300 1400
1400 1510
1600 1730
16 406.4
10 20
162
Hydrostatic test pressure Values given in (psi). 1psi = 6.895MPa.
ID
(XS)
12 3/4 323.9
Unit Weight
5.6
55.35
395.2
490
620
570
720
980
1070
1210
1300
1400
1510
1630
1860
6.4
63.13
393.6
560
700
660
820
1120
1220
1380
1490
1590
1730
1860
2130
7.1
69.91
392.2
630
790
740
920
1250
1370
1550
1670
1790
1940
2090
2390
7.9
77.63
390.6
700
880
820
1020
1390
1520
1720
1860
1990
2150
2320
2650
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
PIPES
Size OD inch mm
160
Wall thickness Sch. No. (Class)
t mm
kg/m
30(Std)
8.7 9.5
16 406.4
Unit weight
40(XS)
60
80
100
120
Hydrostatic test pressure Values given in (psi). 1psi = 6.895MPa.
ID mm
A Std.
Alt.
B Std.
Alt.
X42
X46
X52
X56
X60
X65
X70
X80
85.32 92.98
389.0 387.4
770 840
970 1050
900 980
1130 1230
1540 1670
1680 1830
1900 2070
2050 2230
2190 2390
2380 2590
2560 2790
2920 3000
10.3
100.61
11.1
108.20
385.8
910
1110
1070
1330
1810
1980
2240
2420
2590
2800
3000
3000
384.2
990
1230
1150
1440
1950
2140
2420
2610
2790
3000
3000
3000
11.9
115.77
382.6
1060
1320
1230
1540
2090
2290
2590
2790
2990
3000
3000
3000
12.7
123.30
381.0
1120
1410
1310
1640
2230
2440
2760
2980
3000
3000
3000
3000
14.3
138.27
377.8
1260
1580
1480
1840
2510
2750
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
15.9
153.14
374.6
1410
1760
1640
2050
2790
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
16.7
159.96
373.1
1480
-
1720
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17.5
167.83
371.4
1550
1940
1810
2260
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
3000
19.1
182.42
368.2
1690
2110
1970
2460
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
20.6
195.98
365.2
1830
2280
2130
2660
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
21.4
203.29
363.5
1900
-
2220
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
22.2
210.33
362.0
1970
2460
2300
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
23.8
224.55
358.8
2110
2640
2460
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
25.4
238.64
355.6
2250
2800
2620
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
26.2
245.25
354.0
2320
-
2710
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
27.0
252.61
352.4
2390
2800
2790
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
28.6
266.45
349.2
2530
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
30.2
280.17
346.0
2670
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
-
-
-
31.0
286.33
344.5
2740
-
2800
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
31.8
293.76
342.8
2800
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
140
36.5
333.35
332.8
2800
-
2800
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
160
40.5
364.93
325.4
2800
-
2800
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4.8 5.6
53.53 62.34
447.4 445.8
380 440
470 550
440 510
550 640
750 870
820 950
920 1080
990 1160
1070 1240
1150 1340
1240 1450
1420 1650
6.4
71.12
444.2
500
620
580
730
990
1090
1230
1320
1420
1530
1650
1890
18 457.2
10
-
-
3000
3000
7.1
78.77
442.8
560
700
660
820
1110
1220
1380
1490
1590
1730
1860
2120
20
7.9
87.49
441.2
620
780
730
910
1240
1360
1530
1650
1770
1920
2060
2350
8.7
96.18
439.6
690
860
800
1000
1360
1490
1690
1820
1950
2110
2270
2600
(Std)
9.5
104.84
438.0
750
940
880
1090
1490
1630
1840
1980
2120
2300
2480
2830
10.3
113.46
436.4
810
1020
950
1180
1610
1760
1990
2150
2300
2490
2680
3000
30
11.1
122.05
434.8
880
1100
1020
1280
1740
1900
2150
2320
2480
2690
2900
3000
11.9
130.62
433.2
940
1170
1090
1370
1860
2040
2300
2480
2660
2880
3000
3000
(XS)
12.7
139.15
431.6
1000
1250
1170
1460
1980
2170
2460
2640
2830
3000
3000
3000
40
14.3
156.11
428.4
1120
1400
1310
1640
2230
2440
2760
2970
3000
3000
3000
3000
15.9
172.95
425.2
1250
1560
1460
1820
2480
2720
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
17.5
189.67
422.0
1380
1720
1610
2010
2730
2990
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
19.1
206.25
418.8
1500
1880
1750
2190
2980
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
20.6
221.69
415.8
1620
2030
1890
2370
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
22.2
238.03
412.6
1750
2190
2040
2550
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
60
80
23.8
254.25
409.4
1880
2340
2190
2740
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
25.4
270.34
406.2
2000
2500
2330
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
27.0
286.30
40.30
2120
2660
2480
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
28.6
302.14
399.8
2250
2800
2620
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
29.4
309.41
398.5
2310
-
2700
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
30.2
317.85
396.6
2370
2800
2770
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
31.8
333.44
393.4
2500
2800
2800
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
120
34.9
363.28
387.4
2750
-
2800
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
140
39.7
408.04
377.9
2800
-
2800
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
160
45.2
459.05
366.7
2800
-
2800
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
100
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
-
S E P I P
-
163
PIPES
Size
161
Wall thickness
Unit
OD
weight
inch
Sch. No.
t
mm
(Class)
mm
kg/m
mm
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
X42
X46
X52
X56
X60
X65
X70
X80
10
5.6 6.4
69.38 79.16
496.8 495.2
390 450
490 560
460 520
570 660
830 950
910 1040
1020 1170
1100 1260
1180 1350
1280 1460
1380 1580
1580 1800
7.1
87.70
493.8
510
630
590
740
1060
1160
1320
1420
1520
1640
1770
2020
7.9
97.43
492.2
560
700
660
820
1180
1290
1460
1570
1680
1830
1970
2250
8.7
107.12
490.6
620
770
720
900
1300
1420
1610
1730
1860
2010
2170
2480
20 508.0
20(Std)
30(XS) 40
60
80
100
A
B
9.5
116.78
489.0
680
840
790
980
1420
1550
1760
1890
2030
2190
2360
2700
10.3
126.41
487.4
730
910
850
1070
1530
1680
1900
2050
2190
2380
2560
2920
11.1
136.01
485.8
790
990
920
1150
1660
1810
2050
2210
2370
2560
2760
3000
11.9
145.58
484.2
840
1060
980
1230
1770
1940
2190
2360
2530
2740
2950
3000
12.7
155.12
482.6
900
1120
1050
1310
1890
2070
2340
2520
2700
2930
3000
3000
14.3
174.10
479.4
1010
1260
1180
1480
2120
2330
2630
2830
3000
3000
3000
3000
15.1
183.19
477.8
1170
-
1250
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15.9
192.95
476.2
1120
1410
1310
1640
2360
2590
2930
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
17.5
211.68
473.0
1240
1550
1440
1810
2600
2850
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
19.1
230.27
469.8
1350
1690
1580
1970
2840
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
20.6
247.60
466.8
1460
1830
1710
2130
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
22.2
265.95
463.6
1580
1970
1840
2300
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
23.8
284.18
460.4
1690
2110
1970
2460
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
25.4
302.28
457.2
1800
2250
2100
2620
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
26.2
310.80
455.6
1860
-
2170
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
27.0
320.26
454.0
1910
2390
2230
2750
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
28.6
338.11
450.8
2020
2530
2360
2750
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
30.2
355.83
447.6
2140
2670
2490
2750
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000 3000
31.8
373.43
444.4
2250
2750
2620
2750
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
32.5
381.07
442.9
2310
-
2690
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
33.3
389.81
441.4
2360
2750
2750
2750
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
34.9
407.17
438.2
2480
2750
2750
2750
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
120
38.1
440.99
431.8
2700
-
2800
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
140
44.5
507.56
419.1
2800
-
2800
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
160
50.0
564.10
408.0
2800
-
2800
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5.6 6.4
76.42 87.21
547.8 546.2
360 410
450 510
420 480
520 600
750 860
820 940
930 1060
1000 1150
1080 1230
1160 1330
1250 1430
1430 1640
22 558.8
10
P I P
E S
20
164
Hydrostatic test pressure Values given in (psi). 1psi = 6. 895MPa.
ID
7.1
96.63
544.8
460
570
540
670
970
1060
1200
1290
1380
1490
1610
1840
7.9
107.36
543.2
510
640
600
740
1070
1170
1330
1430
1530
1660
1790
2040
8.7
118.06
541.6
560
700
660
820
1180
1290
1460
1580
1690
1830
1970
2250
9.5
128.73
540.0
610
770
720
890
1290
1410
1600
1720
1840
1990
2150
2450
10.3
139.37
538.4
660
830
780
970
1400
1530
1730
1860
1990
2160
2330
2660
11.1
149.97
536.8
720
900
840
1050
1510
1650
1860
2010
2150
2330
2510
2870
11.9
160.55
535.2
770
960
900
1120
1610
1770
2000
2150
2300
2490
2690
3000
30
12.7
171.09
533.6
820
1020
950
1190
1720
1880
2130
2290
2450
2660
2860
3000
14.3
192.08
530.4
920
1150
1070
1340
1930
2120
2390
2570
2760
2990
3000
3000
40
15.9
212.95
527.2
1020
1280
1190
1490
2150
2350
2660
2860
3000
3000
3000
3000
17.5
233.68
524.0
1130
1410
1310
1640
2360
2590
2930
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
19.1
254.30
520.8
1230
1530
1430
1790
2580
2820
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
20.6
273.51
517.8
1330
1660
1550
1940
2790
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
22.2
293.87
514.6
1430
1790
1670
2090
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
23.8
314.11
511.4
1530
1920
1790
2240
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
25.4
334.23
508.2
1640
2050
1910
2390
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
27.0
354.22
505.0
1740
2170
2030
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
28.6
374.08
501.8
1840
2300
2150
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
30.2
393.81
498.6
1940
2430
2270
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
31.8
413.42
495.4
2050
2500
2390
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
PIPES
Size OD
162
Wall thickness
Unit weight
Hydrostatic test pressure Values given in (psi). 1psi = 6.895MPa.
ID
inch
Sch. No.
t
mm
(Class)
mm
kg/m
mm
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
X42
X46
X52
X56
X60
X65
X70
X80
33.3 34.9
431.69 451.06
492.4 489.2
2150 2250
2500 2500
2500 2500
2500 2500
3000 3000
3000 3000
3000 3000
3000 3000
3000 3000
3000 3000
3000 3000
3000 3000
36.5
470.30
486.0
2350
2500
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
38.1
489.41
482.8
2450
2500
2500
2500
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
6.4 7.1
95.26 105.56
597.2 595.8
380 420
470 530
440 490
550 610
790 890
860 970
980 1100
1050 1180
1130 1260
1220 1370
1310 1480
1500 1690
7.9
117.30
594.2
470
580
550
680
980
1080
1220
1310
1400
1520
1640
1870
8.7
129.00
592.6
520
640
600
750
1080
1190
1340
1440
1550
1680
1810
2060
22 558.8
24
10
609.6
20(Std)
(XS) 30 40
60
80
100
A
B
9.5
140.68
591.0
560
700
660
820
1180
1290
1460
1580
1690
1830
1970
2250
10.3
152.32
589.4
610
760
710
890
1280
1400
1580
1710
1830
1980
2130
2440
11.1
163.93
587.8
660
820
770
960
1380
1510
1710
1840
1970
2140
2300
2630
11.9
175.51
586.2
700
880
820
1030
1480
1620
1830
1970
2110
2290
2460
2810
12.7
187.06
584.6
750
940
880
1090
1580
1730
1950
2100
2250
2440
2630
3000 3000
14.3
210.07
581.4
840
1050
980
1230
1770
1940
2190
2360
2530
2740
2950
15.9
232.94
578.2
940
1170
1090
1370
1970
2160
2440
2630
2810
3000
3000
3000
17.5
255.69
575.0
1030
1290
1200
1500
2170
2370
2680
2890
3000
3000
3000
3000
19.1
278.32
571.8
1120
1410
1310
1640
2360
2590
2930
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
20.6
299.41
568.8
1220
1520
1420
1780
2560
2800
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
22.2
321.79
565.6
1310
1640
1530
1910
2760
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
23.8
344.05
562.4
1410
1760
1640
2050
2950
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
24.6
355.41
560.4
1450
-
1700
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
25.4
366.17
559.2
1500
1880
1750
2190
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
27.0
388.17
556.0
1590
1990
1860
2300
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
28.6
410.05
552.8
1690
2110
1970
2300
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
30.2
431.80
549.6
1780
2230
2080
2300
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
31.0
441.31
547.7
1830
-
2130
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
31.8
453.42
546.4
1880
2300
2190
2300
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
33.3
473.57
543.4
1970
2300
2300
2300
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
34.9
494.95
540.2
2060
2300
2300
2300
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
36.5
516.20
537.0
2160
2300
2300
2300
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
38.1
537.33
533.8
2250
2300
2300
2300
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
-
-
38.9
546.68
531.8
2300
-
2680
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
39.7
558.32
530.6
2300
2300
2300
2300
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
120
46.0
638.93
517.6
2720
-
2800
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
140
52.4
718.88
504.9
2800
-
2800
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
160
59.5
806.75
490.5
2800
-
2800
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6.4 7.1
103.15 114.31
647.2 645.8
350 390
430 490
400 450
500 570
730 820
800 890
900 1010
970 1090
1040 1170
1130 1260
1210 1360
1380 1560
10
7.9
127.04
644.2
430
540
500
630
910
990
1120
1210
1300
1400
1510
1730
8.7
139.73
642.6
480
600
560
690
1000
1100
1240
1330
1430
1550
1670
1910
(Std)
9.5
152.39
641.0
520
650
610
760
1090
1190
1350
1450
1560
1690
1820
2080
10.3
165.02
639.4
560
700
660
820
1180
1290
1460
1570
1690
1830
1970
2250
11.1
177.62
637.8
610
760
710
880
1270
1390
1580
1700
1820
1970
2120
2430
11.9
190.19
636.2
650
810
760
950
1360
1490
1690
1820
1950
2110
2270
2600
12.7
202.72
634.6
690
870
810
1010
1450
1590
1800
1940
2080
2250
2420
2770
14.3
227.70
631.4
780
970
910
1130
1630
1790
2020
2180
2330
2530
2720
3000
15.9
252.55
628.2
870
1080
1010
1260
1820
1990
2250
2420
2600
2810
3000
3000
17.5
277.27
625.0
950
1190
1110
1390
2000
2190
2480
2670
2860
3000
3000
3000
19.1
301.87
621.8
1040
1300
1210
1510
2180
2390
2700
2910
3000
3000
3000
3000
20.6
324.81
618.8
1120
1410
1310
1640
2360
2590
2920
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
22.2
349.16
615.6
1210
1510
1410
1770
2540
2790
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
23.8
373.39
612.4
1300
1620
1520
1890
2730
2990
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
25.4
397.49
609.2
1380
1730
1620
2000
2910
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
26 660.0
20(XS)
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
S E P I P
165
PIPES
Size
163
Wall thickness
Unit
OD
weight
inch
Sch. No.
mm
(Class)
28 711.0
10
20 30
30 762.0
10
20 30
P I P
E S
32 813.0
10
20 30 40
166
Hydrostatic test pressure ID
t
Values given in (psi). 1psi = 6.895MPa.
A
B
mm
kg/m
mm
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
X42
X46
X52
X56
X60
X65
X70
X80
6.4 7.1
111.20 123.24
698.2 696.8
320 360
400 450
370 420
470 530
680 760
740 830
840 940
900 1010
960 1080
1040 1170
1130 1260
1290 1450
7.9
136.97
695.2
400
500
470
580
840
920
1040
1120
1200
1300
1400
1600
8.7
150.67
693.6
440
550
520
650
930
1020
1150
1240
1330
1440
1550
1770
9.5
164.34
692.0
480
600
560
700
1010
1110
1250
1350
1450
1570
1690
1930
10.3
177.98
690.4
520
650
610
760
1100
1200
1360
1460
1570
1700
1830
2090
11.1
191.58
688.8
560
700
660
820
1180
1300
1460
1580
1690
1830
1970
2250
11.9
205.15
687.2
600
750
700
880
1270
1390
1570
1690
1810
1960
2110
2410
12.7
218.69
685.6
640
800
750
940
1350
1480
1670
1800
1930
2090
2250
2570
14.3
245.68
682.4
720
900
840
1050
1520
1660
1880
2020
2170
2350
2530
2890
15.9
272.54
679.2
800
1000
940
1170
1690
1850
2090
2250
2410
2610
2810
3000
17.5
299.28
676.0
880
1110
1030
1290
1860
2030
2300
2480
2650
2870
3000
3000
19.1
325.89
672.8
960
1210
1120
1410
2020
2220
2510
2700
2890
3000
3000
3000
20.6
350.72
669.8
1040
1300
1220
1520
2190
2400
2710
2920
3000
3000
3000
3000
22.2
377.08
666.6
1120
1410
1310
1640
2360
2590
2920
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
23.8
403.32
663.4
1210
1510
1410
1760
2530
2770
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
25.4
429.44
660.2
1290
1610
1500
1880
2700
2960
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
6.4 7.1
119.25 132.17
749.2 747.8
300 340
370 420
350 390
440 490
630 710
690 780
780 880
840 940
900 1010
980 1100
1050 1180
1210 1360
7.9
146.91
746.2
370
47 0
440
550
790
86 0
97 0
1050
1120
1220
1310
1510
8.7
161.61
744.6
410
520
480
600
870
950
1070
1160
1240
1340
1440
1660
9.5
176.29
743.0
450
560
520
660
940
1040
1170
1260
1350
1460
1580
1810
10.3
190.93
741.4
490
610
590
710
1020
1120
1270
1360
1460
1580
1710
1960
11.1
205.54
739.8
530
660
610
770
1100
1210
1370
1470
1580
1710
1840
2110
11.9
220.12
738.2
560
700
660
820
1180
1290
1460
1580
1690
1830
1970
2260
12.7
234.67
736.6
600
750
700
880
1260
1380
1560
1680
1800
1950
2100
2410
14.3
263.67
733.4
670
840
790
980
1420
1550
1750
1890
2020
2190
2360
2700
15.9
292.54
730.2
750
940
880
1090
1580
1720
1950
2100
2250
2440
2630
3000
17.5
321.29
727.0
830
1030
960
1200
1730
1900
2150
2310
2480
2680
2890
3000
19.1
349.91
723.8
900
1120
1050
1310
1890
2070
2340
2520
2700
2920
3000
3000
20.6
376.63
720.8
970
1220
1140
1420
2050
2240
2530
2730
2920
3000
3000
3000
22.2
405.00
717.6
1050
1310
1220
1530
2200
2420
2730
2940
3000
3000
3000
3000
23.8
433.26
714.4
1130
1410
1310
1640
2360
2590
2930
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
25.4
461.38
711.2
1200
1500
1400
1750
2520
2760
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
27.0
489.38
708.0
1270
1590
1490
1860
2680
2930
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
28.6
517.25
704.8
1350
1690
1580
1970
2840
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
30.2
544.99
701.6
1430
1780
1660
2080
2990
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
3000
6.4 7.1
127.30 141.10
800.2 798.8
280 320
35 0 400
330 370
410 460
590 660
65 0 730
73 0 820
790 890
840 950
910 1030
98 0 1110
1130 1270
7.9
156.84
797.2
350
440
410
51 0
740
810
910
980
1050
1140
1230
1410
8.7
172.56
795.6
390
480
450
560
810
890
1010
1080
1160
1260
1350
1550
9.5
188.24
794.0
420
530
490
620
890
970
1100
1180
1270
1370
1480
1690
10.3
203.88
792.4
460
570
530
670
960
1050
1190
1280
1370
1480
1600
1830
11.1
219.50
790.8
490
620
570
720
1030
1130
1280
1380
1480
1600
1720
1970
11.9 12.7 14.3 15.9 17.5 19.1 20.6 22.2 23.8
235.09 250.64 281.65 312.54 343.30 373.93 402.54 432.93 463.19
789.2 787.6 784.4 781.2 778.0 774.8 771.8 768.6 765.4
530 560 630 700 770 840 910 980 1060
660 700 790 880 970 1050 1140 1230 1320
620 660 740 820 900 980 1070 1150 1230
770 820 920 1030 1130 1230 1330 1440 1540
1110 1180 1330 1480 1630 1770 1920 2070 2220
1210 1290 1450 1620 1780 1940 2100 2260 2430
1370 1460 1640 1830 2010 2190 2380 2560 2740
1480 1580 1770 1970 2170 2360 2560 2760 2950
1580 1690 1900 2110 2320 2530 2740 2950 3000
1710 1830 2050 2290 2520 2740 2970 3000 3000
1850 1970 2210 2460 2710 2950 3000 3000 3000
2110 2250 2520 2800 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
PIPES
Size
164
Wall thickness
Unit
OD
Hydrostatic test pressure
weight
ID
Values given in (psi). 1psi = 6.895MPa.
inch
Sch. No.
t
mm
(Class)
mm
kg/m
mm
Std.
Alt.
Std.
Alt.
X42
X46
X52
X56
X60
X65
X70
X80
25.4 27.0 28.6 30.2 31.8
493.32 523.33 553.22 582.98 612.61
762.2 759.0 755.8 752.6 749.4
1120 1190 1270 1340 1410
1410 1490 1580 1670 1760
1310 1390 1480 1560 1640
1640 1740 1850 1950 2050
2360 2510 2660 2810 2950
2590 2750 2910 3000 3000
2920 3000 3000 3000 3000
3000 3000 3000 3000 3000
3000 3000 3000 3000 3000
3000 3000 3000 3000 3000
3000 3000 3000 3000 3000
3000 3000 3000 3000 3000
6.4 7.1 7.9 8.7 9.5 10.3 11.1 11.9 12.7 14.3 15.9 17.5 19.1 20.6 22.2 23.8 25.4 27.0 28.6 30.2 31.8
135.35 150.03 166.78 183.50 200.18 216.84 233.46 250.05 266.61 299.64 332.53 365.31 397.95 428.44 460.85 493.12 525.27 557.29 589.19 620.96 652.60
851.2 849.8 848.2 846.6 845.0 843.4 841.8 840.2 838.6 835.4 832.2 829.0 825.8 822.8 819.6 816.4 813.2 810.0 806.8 803.6 800.4
260 300 330 360 400 430 460 500 530 600 660 730 790 860 930 990 1060 1120 1190 1260 1320
330 370 410 460 500 540 580 620 660 740 830 910 990 1070 1160 1240 1320 1410 1490 1570 1650
310 350 390 420 460 500 540 580 620 690 770 850 930 1000 1080 1160 1240 1310 1390 1470 1540
390 430 480 53 0 580 630 680 720 770 870 970 1060 1160 1250 1350 1450 1540 1640 1740 1830 1930
560 620 690 760 830 900 970 1040 1110 1250 1390 1530 1670 1810 1950 2090 2220 2360 2500 2640 2780
610 680 760 840 910 990 1070 1140 1220 1370 1520 1680 1830 1980 2130 2280 2440 2590 2740 2890 3000
690 770 860 950 1030 1120 1210 1290 1380 1550 1720 1890 2060 2240 2410 2580 2750 2920 3000 3000 3000
740 830 920 1020 1110 1200 1300 1390 1480 1670 1850 2040 2220 2410 2590 2780 2960 3000 3000 3000 3000
790 890 990 1090 1190 1290 1390 1490 1590 1790 1990 2190 2380 2580 2780 2980 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000
860 970 1070 1180 1290 1400 1510 1610 1720 1930 2150 2370 2580 2790 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000
930 1040 1160 1270 1390 1500 1620 1740 1850 2080 2320 2550 2780 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000
1060 1190 1330 1460 1590 1720 1860 1990 2130 2380 2650 2910 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000
6.4 7.1 7.9 8.7 9.5 10.3 11.1 11.9 12.7 14.3 15.9 17.5 19.1 20.6 22.2 23.8 25.4 27.0 28.6 30.2 31.8
143.24 158.79 176.52 194.22 211.90 229.54 247.15 264.72 282.27 317.27 352.14 386.88 421.50 453.84 488.22 522.47 556.59 590.58 624.45 658.19 691.81
901.2 899.8 898.2 896.6 895.0 893.4 891.8 890.2 888.6 885.4 882.2 879.0 875.8 872.8 869.6 866.4 863.2 860.0 856.8 853.6 850.4
250 280 310 340 380 410 440 470 500 560 620 690 750 810 880 940 1000 1060 1130 1190 1250
310 350 390 430 470 510 550 590 620 700 780 860 940 1020 1090 1170 1250 1330 1410 1480 1560
290 330 360 400 440 470 510 550 580 660 730 800 880 950 1020 1090 1170 1240 1310 1390 1460
360 410 450 500 550 590 640 680 730 820 910 1000 1090 1180 1280 1370 1460 1550 1640 1730 1820
520 590 660 720 790 850 920 980 1050 1180 1310 1440 1580 1710 1840 1970 2100 2230 2360 2490 2630
580 650 720 790 860 930 1010 1080 1150 1290 1440 1580 1720 1870 2010 2160 2300 2440 2590 2730 2870
650 730 810 890 980 1060 1140 1220 1300 1460 1620 1790 1950 2110 2280 2440 2600 2760 2930 3000 3000
700 790 870 960 1050 1140 1230 1310 1400 1570 1750 1930 2100 2270 2450 2630 2800 2970 3000 3000 3000
750 840 940 1030 1120 1220 1310 1410 1500 1690 1880 2060 2250 2440 2620 2810 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000
810 910 1010 1120 1220 1320 1420 1520 1620 1820 2030 2240 2440 2640 2840 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000
880 980 1090 1200 1310 1420 1530 1640 1750 1970 2190 2410 2630 2840 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000
1000 1120 1250 1380 1500 1620 1750 1880 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000
32 813.0
34 864.0
10
30 40
36 914.0
10
20 30 40
A
B
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
S E P I P
167
P I P
E S
168
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
STEEL SHEET PILES
167
Steel Sheet Piles
PU Steel Sheet Piles Mechanical properties PU steel sheet piles can be supplied in grades up to yield strength of 430 N/mm 2.
Dimensions and sectional properties The PU steel sheet piles are available in the following sizes: d
t
y’
y’ Cy’
2xh y y"
y y" Cy”
f 2xb
Figure 11 – PU Steel Sheet Piles: Dimensions Flat of Thickness Section h PU 6
per pile
b
pan
of
f
pan web
Mass per m Cy’
Cy”
per pile per pile per pile
mm
mm
mm
Mm
kg/m
cm
113
600
330
7.5
6.4
68.9
23.0
45.3
140
600
317
8.0
8.0
81.5
27.2
180
600
257
9.8
9.0
100.4
33.5
190
600
303
12.0
9.0
115.8
38.6
per m wall PU 20
per pile
200
600
365
12.4
9.7
125.3
41.8
per m wall PU 25
per pile
226
600
339
14.2 10.0 142.1
47.4
per m wall PU 32
per pile per m wall
Zy
mm
per m wall PU 16
Modulus
A
mm
per m wall PU 12
area
mm per m wall PU 8
Section Section
226
600
341
19.5 11.0 148.6
49.5
2
Moment Of Inertia Iy
3
Radius of gyration
Iz 4
r 4
cm
cm
cm
cm
57.7
146
1,290
23,900
4.73
75.0
96.0
600
6,720
-
8.36
54.5
69.5
232
2,360
30,062
5.82
91.0
116.0
830
11,610
-
10.02
65.9
84.0
366
4,450
34,937
7.28
110
140.0
1,200
21,550
-
12.41
74.7
95.2
405
5,560
38,037
7.64
124
159.0
1600
30,520
-
13.87
84.7
107.9
480
7,080
46,021
8.1
141
180.0
2000
39,970
-
14.92
94.1
119.9
588
9,670
49,089
8.98
157
200.0
2,500
56,500
-
16.81
114.6
146.0
645
11,100
55,134
8.72
191
243.0
3,200
72,260
-
17.23 S
Table 30 – PU Steel Sheet Piles: Section sizes E LI P T E
The PU sheet piles can be delivered in material according to British BS-standards, American ASTM-standards, Euronor ms, and Japanese JIS-standards. E H S L E E T S
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
169
168
STEEL SHEET PILES
Interlocking options Section PU 6
PU 6
PU 8
PU 12
PU 16
PU 20
PU 25
PU 8
PU 12
PU 16
PU 20 PU 25
PU 32
PU 32
Interlocking possible
On request (require in advance indicating length of piles)
Table 31 – PU Steel Sheet Piles: Interlocking options
Dimensional tolerances Width
Thickness of Pan
single pile interlocked e 8mm 8
±
Notes:
3%
±
0.5mm
±
0.6mm
±
12
±
Weight
1.2mm
±
Length
1)
e>18mm
4%
±
Squareness of ends
200mm
±
2)
10mm
Straightness 3)
0.2%
1) Of total mass of the complete order. 2) Of the distance between 2 points of the cross-section. 3) Maximum deflection on the length of the pile.
Table 32 – PU Steel Sheet Piles: Dimensional tolerances
The maximum length for this U-type pile is usually between 25 to 31 metres, but longer lengths can be supplied.
Handling holes and double piles The piles can on request be delivered with flame cut handling holes, 50mm diameter, located in the centre of the pan at 200-250 mm from the end. Piles can also be fastened together to form double piles by pressing or welding the interlocks. Two to six pressing points per meter can be applied according to design requirements. A minimum shear force of 80 kN per one crimping point is admitted.
S T E E L S H E E T P IL E S
170
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
STEEL SHEET PILES
171
KSP Steel Sheet Piles Mechanical properties KSP steel sheet piles are manufactured according to JIS 5528 “Hot Rolled Steel Sheet Piles” (1988). Designation
Min. Yield
Min. Tensile Strength Rm
Min. Elongation
JIS A 5528
Strength R eH
Steel Name
N/mm
N/mm
%
SY295
295
490
17
SY390
390
540
15
2
2
Table 33 – KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Mechanical properties
Dimensions and sectional properties The KSP steel sheet piles are available in the sizes shown in Table 35 under. Note the three new sizes KSP IIW, KSP IIIW and KSP IVW, which are extra wide sections.
Coupling Thickness
Effective height
Full height
Coupling
Effective width Full width
Figure 12 – KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Dimensions Section
Dimensions
Section
width
height
thickness
w
h
t
Unit weight
Moment of
Area A
Inertia A/m
2
Modulus of
M
M/m
I
2
2
cm /m
kg/m
kg/m
113.0
35.5
88.8
section
I/m 4
Zy
Zy/m
4
3
cm
cm /m
cm
cm /m
3
598
4,500
88
529
mm
mm
mm
cm
KSP IA
400
85
8.0
45.21
KSP II
400
100
10.5
61.18
153.0
48.0
120
1,240
8,740
152
874
KSP II A
400
120
9.2
55.01
137.5
43.2
108
1,450
10,600
162
880
KSP III
400
130
13.0
76.42
191.0
60.0
150
2,320
17,400
232
1,340
KSP III A
400
150
13.1
74.40
186.0
58.4
146
2,840
22,800
253
1,520
KSP IV
400
170
15.5
96.99
242.5
76.1
190
4,670
38,600
362
2,270
KSP IV A
400
185
16.1
94.21
235.5
74.0
185
5,300
41,600
400
2,250
KSP V L
500
200
24.3
133.8
267.6
105
210
7,960
63,000
520
3,150
KSP VIL
500
225
27.6
153.0
306.0
120
240
11,400
86,000
680
3,820
KSP II W
600
130
10.3
78.70
131.2
61.8
103
2,110
13,000
203
1,000
KSP IIIW
600
180
13.4
103.9
173.2
81.6
136
5,220
32,400
376
1,800
KSP IV W
600
210
18.0
135.3
225.5
106
177
8,630
56,700
539
2,700
Note:
S E LI P T E E H S L E E T S
The sizes are also available in FSP sheet piles. Sectional properties given per single pile, and per linear metre wall.
Table 34 – KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Section sizes and properties
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
171
STEEL SHEET PILES
172
Interlocking options The sections can be interlocked with each other as shown in Table 36. Section
KSP IA
KSP II
KSP IIA
KSP I A
KSP II
KSP II A
KSP III
KSP III A
KSP IV
KSP III
KSP IIIA
KSP IV
KSP IVA
KSP VL
KSP IV W
KSP VIL
KSP IVW
KSP V L
KSP IIIW
KSP II W
KSP IIW
KSP IV A
KSP III W
KSP VIL
Table 35 33 – KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Interlocking options
The sheet piles can also be welded together to form box piles, as shown in section “Other section types” under the chapter “ Steel sheet piles according to EN 10248:1996”.
Dimensional tolerances Full width
Effective width
Thickness of Section
Traditional
Wider width
Traditional
Wider width
Single pile
Single pile
Single pile
Single pile
W x ± 1%
+ 6mm
Per meter wall width:
+ 1.0mm
+ 1.2mm
+ 1.5mm
- 5mm
Max 4mm deviation.
- 0.3mm
- 0.3mm
- 0.3mm
Full
Length
height
±
Notes:
4%
Deflection
<10mm
Camber of full length
of full length
- 0mm
10mm
16mm
<16mm
Difference in vertically
L 10m
L>10m
L 10m
L>10m
cut sections
L x 0.12%
L x 0.10%
L x 0.25% max.
L x 0.20%
Within 4% of width
+ 25mm max.
The deflection shall be in the direction parallel to the sheet pile wall and the camber shall be in the direction vertical to the sheet pile wall.
Table 36 – KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Dimensional tolerances S T E E
Recommended maximum lengths for driving L S
The recommended driving length for KSP steel sheet piles is maximum 30metres. H E E T P IL E S
172
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
STEEL SHEET PILES
173
KSP Straight Web Sections Mechanical properties KSP straight web sections are manufactured according to JIS 5528 “Hot Rolled Steel Sheet Piles” (1988). Designation
Min. Yield
Min. Tensile
JIS A 5528
Strength R eH
Strength R m
2
Min. Elongation
2
Steel Name
N/mm
N/mm
%
SY295
295
490
17
SY390
390
540
15
Table 37 38 – KSP Straight Web Sections: Mechanical properties
Dimensions and sectional properties The KSP straight web sections are available in the following sizes: Thickness
Coupling
Effective height Effective width Full width
Figure 13 – KSP Straight Web Sections: Dimensions
Section
Dimensions
Section
height
Per pile
Unit weight
area width mm
mm
thickn ess
2
mm
cm
Moment of Inertia
Per wall Per pile
width
kg/m
kg/m
Modulus of section
Per wall Per pile
2
cm
4
width 4
Per wall Per pile 3
cm /m
cm
width 3
cm /m
KSP FL
500
44.5
9.5
78.57
61.7
123
184
396
45.7
89
KSP FXL
500
47.0
12.7
98.36
77.2
154
245
570
60.3
121
Table 38 – KSP Straight Web Sections: Section sizes and properties
Standard
Section
Interlocking strength
specification
size
MN/m
JIS A 5528
KSP FL
4
SY295
KSP FXL
6
S E LI P T E E H
Table 39 – KSP Straight Web Sections: Interlocking strength S L E E T
The two sections can be interlocked with each other.
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
S
173
STEEL SHEET PILES
174
Dimensional tolerances Full width
Full
Single
height
Thickness of Section <10mm
10mm
pile ±
Length 16mm
<16mm
4mm
-
+ 1.5mm
+ 1.5mm
- 0.7mm
- 0.7mm
Deflection
-
+ not specified - 0 mm
Camber of full length
of full length
Difference in vertically
L 10m
L>10m
L 10m
L>10m
cut sections
L x 0.15% max.
(L-10m) x 0.10%
L x 0.20% max.
(L-10m) x 0.10%
Within 4% of width
Notes:
+ 15mm max.
+ 20mm max.
The deflection shall be in the direction parallel to the sheet pile wall and the camber shall be in the direction vertical to the sheet pile wall.
Table 40 – KSP Straight Web Sections: Dimensional tolerances
S T E E L S H E E T P IL E S
174
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
GRATINGS
175
Gratings
General Process Steel gratings are manufactured using a simultaneous application of heat and pressure on the load bar and cross bar at their intersection points, welding them together. •
Applications Stairways, walkways, catwalks, pedestrian ramp, machine access platform, etc. •
Sizes Panel Size
Serial Size
Mass
ft
inch
kg/m
1’’ x 3/16’’
28.4
11/4’’x 3/16’’
35.4
11/2’’ x 3/16’’
43.2
2’’ x 3/16’’
53
3’ x 20’
Pitch
2
Type
mm twisted / straight
40 x 100
cross / round bar
Table 41 – Gratings: Sizes
Bearing Bars
Cross Bars
S E
h t d i W
LI
) h 0 t c 4 i p ( P T E E H S L E E T S
100 (pitch) Length
Figure 14 – Gratings: Dimensions
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
175
S T E E L S H E E T P IL E S
176
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
APPENDIX
177
Appendix
X I D N E P P A
Conversion factors Note:
The small sub numerals following a zero indicate that the zero is to be repeated that number of times, thus 0.034 = 0 .0004.
Linear measure Millimetre
Centimetre
Metre
Inch
Foot
Yard
Mile
mm
cm
m
in
ft
yd
mi
Millimetre (mm)
1
Centimetre (cm) Metre (m)
0.1
0.001
0.03937
0.00328
0.00109
0.066214
10
1
0.01
0.3937
0.03280
0.01093
0.056214
1000
100
1
39.37
3.28083
1.0936
0.036214
0.0833
0 .02778
0.041578
12
1
0.3333
0.031894
36
3
1
0.035682
63,360
5,280
1,760
Inch (in)
25.4
2.54
0.0254
1
Foot (ft)
304.8
30.48
0.3048
Yard (yd)
914.4
91.44
0.9144
Mile (mi)
1,609,347
Square measure
160,935
1,609.35
Square
Square
Square
Square
Square
Square
Square
millimetre
centimetre
metre
inch
foot
yard
miles
2
2
mm 2
Square millimetre (mm ) 2
Square centimetre (cm ) 2
Square metre (m ) 2
Square inch (in )
1
Square yard (yd )
0.051
100
1
0.0001
1,000,000
10,000 6.452
Cubic measure
0.06386
0.006944
0.037616
0.09249
1
0.11111
0.073587
1,296 6
9 9
1 6
4.014*10
0.063229 6
27.878*10
3.098*10
centimetre
metre
inch
foot
yard
1 1,000,000
Cubic inch (in )
16.39 28,317
Cubic yard (yd )
0.010386
Cubic
3
3
0.03119599 1.19599
10.7639
144
2.59*10
0.012386
Cubic
3
3
0.0010764
3
764,500
m
in
0.051
3
0.06102
1
61,023
3
0.043531 35.31
1
3
ft
yd
0.051308 1.308
0.041639
1
0.035787
0.042143
0.028317
1,728
1
0.03704
46,660
27
0.7645
mi
0.05119599
Cubic
Cubic centimetre (cm )
Cubic foot (ft )
0.0410764
1
2
yd
Cubic
3
Cubic metre (m )
ft
0.154999
0.036452
2
Cubic cm
3
2
1,549.99
0.8361 9
2.59*10 25.9*10
2
0.00155
0.0929
8,361 12
in
1
929
836,127
2
Square miles (mi )
m
0.01
92,903 2
2
cm
645.16
2
Square foot (ft )
1
1
Weight measure
Kilogram (kg) Pound (lb) Net ton (nt)
Kilogram
Pound
Net ton
Gross ton
Metric ton
kg
lb
nt
gt
t
1 0.45359 907.185
2.20462
0.001102
1
0.039842
0.001
0.0005
0.034464
0.034536
2,000
1
0.89286
0.90719
Gross ton (gt)
1,016.05
2,240
1.12
1
1.01605
Metric ton (t)
1,000
2,204.62
1.10231
0.98421
1
Continental Steel Pte Ltd
177