Dagondon, Vanessa anessa Olga
Date Performed: March 9, 2015
Sanchez, Diandra Dawn
Date S!mitted: March 1", 2015
Steam Distillation #$%eriment 5 &
O!'ecti(es )his e$%eriment aims to isolate essential oils from a %lant sam%le sing a steam distillation set*% that se%arates (olatile s!stance from non*(olatile materials+ &t also aims to gi(e e$%erience in the %re%aring a distillation set*%+
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eslts an and Discssion Volatile oils from nmeros natrall- occrring %lants gi(e them their aroma+ )hese )hese (olatile (olatile oils oils are .nown .nown as essential oils, oils, /essential since it com%rises the essence of the fragrance of the %lant from which it was e$tracted /essential oil+ O$ford #nglish Dictionar-+ &n the %ast, essential oils were thoght to !e %ossi!le %harmaceticals+ 3owe(er toda-, their se is often limited as fla(orings, %erfmes and deodorants+ )o !e a!le to e$tract these essential oils from their origin %lant, a %rocess called steam called steam distillation is distillation is %erformed+ Steam distillation is sed rather than the sim%le distillation since essential oils are highl- heat sensiti(e and ma- decom%ose when s!'ected to a high tem%eratre+ Steam distillation, on the other hand, %ermits a com%ond or mi$tre to !e distilled at a tem%eratre !elow that of the !oiling %oints of its indi(idal com%onents and ths, wold ma.e the isolation of the essential oil feasi!le+ )he immisci!ilit- of oil and water ma.es the steam distillation wor.+ )he oil and water will !oil inde%endentl- of each other+ )herefore, )herefore, !- aolt4s law: o o Patm P6at 6at 7 POil 8 which means that the !oiling will occr when the sm of the %re (a%or %ressres %ressres of the indi(idal com%onents com%onents in the com%ond or mi$tre mi$tre will eal to the atmos%heric %ressre+ )hs, the mi$tre will !oil at a tem%eratre lower than the indi(idal !oiling %oints of its com%onents+
)he steam distillation set % ma.es se of two nsen !rners+ )he first nsen !rner is sed to heat an #rlenme-er flas. containing water to generate steam+ )his steam will %ass throgh with the se of a ;*sha%ed glass t!ing the com%onds to !e distilled and as it toches the cool srface of the glass t!ing, the
steam will condense and heat will !e released in the rond !ottom flas. where the com%onds to !e distilled are %resent+ )his in trn wold reire a lesser heat from the second nsen !rner and wold lower the %ressre inside the rond !ottom flas. !ecase of the low densit- of the steam+ 3a(ing a lower %ressre wold mean that the com%ond in the rond !ottom flas. will !oil at a lower tem%eratre than its normal !oiling %oint+ )his is will %re(ent the decom%osition of the essential oils+ )he distillate that will !e collected will !e a mi$tre of the essential oil and water !ecase the steam will !e condensed as well as it will !e %assing throgh the condenser together with the e(a%orated essential oil+ )o se%arate the oil and water distillate, it was transferred in a se%arator- fnnel+ Since !oth are immisci!le in each other, it will form two la-ers and since oil is denser than water, it will !e !ottom la-er ma.ing the se%aration easier !- 'st twisting the .no! in the se%arator- fnnel releasing the oil+ &n the e$%eriment, lemon grass tanglad , in (ernaclar was the %lant sed in which the essential oil will !e deri(ed+ )he lemon grass was ct into small %ieces ha(ing a greater srface area of the lemon grass wold -ield a greater amont of oil to !e e$tracted+ of the flas.+ )he distillation set*% was then %re%ared+ < lot of o!stacles were encontered dring the %re%aration of the set*%+ One of which is ha(ing too mch %lant sam%le and water in the rond !ottom flas.+ 6hen !oiling, the mi$tre will esca%e the rond !ottom flas. and will !e carried into the condenser and ths the distillate that will !e collected will contain mostl- water+
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?estions
1+ < mi$tre of immisci!le liids !oth water*insol!le is s!'ected to steam distillation+
2+ esearch on the essential oil -o ha(e isolated from -or sorce+ Draw its strctre+ ased on literatre, what is its !oiling %oint=(a%or %ressre 6hat are the ses of this oil
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Aonclsion
V
eferences
1
McMrr-, Eohn+ 2010+ Fondations of Organic Ahemistr- Phili%%ine #dition+ ?ezon Ait-, Phili%%ines: AG# P!lishing, &nc+
2
rown, Hema-, rsten, Mr%h-, 6oodward+ 2012+ Ahemistr-: )he Aentral Science 12th #dition+ Ha.e <(e+, Ilen(iew, &H: Pearson #dcation, &nc+
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)an, Da(id+ Fe!rar- 201>+ /Steam distillation (s Sim%le Distillation G Fractional Distillation+ =02=steam*distillation*(s*sim%le+html
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/Steam Distillation of an #ssential Oil+
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/&SOH<)&OL OF #SS#L)&
B
I hereby certify that the undersigned made his/her best effort in the creation of this laboratory report.
Dagondon, Vanessa Olga E+
Sanchez, Diandra Dawn E+
