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Form 4 Chapter 4
CHAPTER 4 : PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS ANALYSIS ANALYSIS OF PAST PAST YEAR QUESTIONS QUESTIONS FROM 2003 – 2008 2008 Year Paper No. Type of question
2003 P2
S
Question No
2004 P3
E
S
P2
E
S
2005 P3
E
2
S
P2
E
S
2006 P3
E
S
P2
E
S
1
2007 P3
E
S
8
P2
E
S 5a 5 5!
2008 P3
E
S
P2
E
S 2
P3
E
S
E 2
STRUCTURED QUESTIONS 1
SPM 2003/P2/Q2 Table 2 shows part of the Periodic Table of Elements.
Figure 2 Based on Figure 2, answer the following questions. a) hat hat is the eleme element nt rep repres resent ented ed b! b! the the s!mbo s!mboll Fe" Fe" #################################### $1 mark % b)
&n figure figure 2, mar' mar' (* (* in the the bo+es bo+es for for all all the transitio transition n elements elements.. $1 mark %
c)
tate one specific characteristic of transition elements. #################################### $1 mark %
d)
rite rite the the elect electron ron config configura uratio tion n for for the -g atom atom.. #################################### $1 mark %
1
e)
i) rite the chemical equation for the reaction between aluminium and o+!gen. ################################### $1 mark % ii) Briefl! state the electron transfer in the bond formation between aluminium and o+!gen. ##################################.. ##################################.. $2 marks%
f)
Helium Gas " #i$%t " not rea!ti&e " !o#or#ess
Hydrogen Gas " #i$%t " f#a''a#e " !o#or#ess
Based on the aboe information, which gas is more suitable to be used in meteorological balloons" /ie one reason. ###################################.. #################################### $2 marks% 2
SPM 2005/P2/Q1 Figure 1 shows part of the Periodic Table of the Elements. 0, , T, and do not represent the actual s!mbol of the elements
a)
Figure 1 3sing the letters in the Periodic Table of the Elements in the Figure 1, answer the following questions. ou ma! use the Periodic Table of the Elements on page ##### i) 4hoose an element that is a halogen. #################################.. $1 mark %
ii) hich element is monoatomic" ################################## $1 mark %
iii) hich element forms an amphoteric o+ide" ##################################. $1 mark % b)
5rrange 0, , T, and according to increase in si6e of the atoms. ####################################. $1 mark %
c)
rite the electron arrangement for an atom of element 0. #################################### $1 mark %
d)
rite the formula for the ion formed from an atom of element . ####################################. $1 mark %
e)
h! are elements 0 and placed in the same period" ####################################. $1 mark %
f)
hen a small piece of element T is put into water, T78 solution is formed and h!drogen gas is released. tate one obseration when red litmus paper is put into the solution. ###################################... $1 mark %
g)
tate the common name of the elements between group 2 and group 19. #################################### $1 mark %
3
SPM 2007/P2/Q5 :iagram ; shows the s!mbols of the atoms of element and element . The letter used are not the actual s!mbols of the elements.
:iagram ; a)
tate the proton number of the atom of element #################################### $1 mark %
b)
i) &dentif! the position of element in the Periodic Table of Elements. ###################################. $1 mark % ii) E+plain wh! element is placed at the position identified in ;
c)
i) The reaction between element and o+!gen is less reactie than the reaction between element and o+!gen. E+plain this using ideas about alence electron. ################################### ################################### $2 marks% ii) :raw a labeled diagram to show the apparatus set=up that can be used to determine the reactiit! of the reaction between element or element and o+!gen gas.
$2 marks%
d)
F4 Topic : The Structure of the atom 2.9 g of element reacted completel! with o+!gen. The following equation represents the reaction.
4 X - s( )2- g (
2 X 2)- s(
$elatie atomic mass> X ? 29, 7 ? 1@% i) 4alculate the number of moles of element .
$1 mark %
ii( 4alculate the ma+imum mass of X 2) for'e*.
+9 marks, 4
SPM 2008/P2/Q2 Table 2.1 shows a group of elements.
Table 2.1 a)
&n which group of the Periodic Table are these elements located" #################################### $1 mark %
b)
rite the electron arrangement for an atom of fluorine. #################################### $1 mark %
c)
Fluorine atoms are smaller than chlorine atoms. E+plain wh! fluorine forms a negatie ion more easil! than chlorine.
#################################### ###################################.. $2 marks%
d)
tate the t!pe of chemical bond in an iodine molecule. #################################### $1 mark %
e)
4hlorine reacts with sodium to form a compound. i) tate the t!pe of chemical bond in this compound. ################################### $1 mark % ii):raw a diagram to show the electron arrangement in this compound. $Proton number of Aa ? 11%
$2 marks% f)
Table 2.2 shows three pairs of chemicals. Chemic!" &
C Br 2
Br
CHAPTER 4 : PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS 1
SPM 2003/P2/Q2 a) b)
&ronDFerum
c)
1. Formed compound with different o+idation numbers 2. Formed colored ions or compound 9. Formed comple+ ions . 5s a catal!st 2..2 i) 5l C 972 2 5l279 9C ii) A!#mini#m $om %e!e"e" 3 e!ec$%on" to form aluminium ion, <5l ). 2= O&'(en $om %ecei)e 2 e!ec$%on" to form o+ide ion, <7 ). Two aluminium atoms release a total of @ electrons while 9 o+!gen atoms receie 2 electrons 9C 2= each. The strong electrostatic force between 5l and 7 form aluminium o+ide compound <5l 279) 8elium gas because helium is inert gas
d) e)
f) 2
SPM 2005/P2/Q1 a)
b) c) d) e) f) g) 3
i) ii) iii) , 0, , and T 2. =
Both 0 and hae the same number of electron shells *i!!e+ ,i$h e!ec$%on" ed litmus paper turns blue Transition elements
SPM 2007/P2/Q5 a) b)
c)
11 i) Period 9, /roup 1 ii) The electron arrangement is 2..1. has $h%ee e!ec$%on "he!!" and one )!ence e!ec$%oni) The si6e of atom is larger than the si6e of atom . The +i"$nce .e$,een $he )!ence e!ec$%on n+ n#c!e#" inc%e"e". The force of attraction is smaller. &t is e"ie% *o% / $o %e!e"e i$" )!ence e!ec$%on. ii)
d)
i) Aumber of moles of element ? 2.9D29 ? G.1 ii) elatie molecular mass of 27 ? @ C 1@ ? @2 moles of 2 moles of 27 G.1 mole of G.G; mole of 27 -a+imum mass of 27 ? G.G; + @2 ? 9.1 g
4
SPM 2008/P2/Q2 a) b) c)
d) e)
/roup 1H 2.H The outermost occupied shell of a fluorine $om is nearer to the nucleus. The "$%en($h o* $he *!#o%ine n#c!e#" $o $$%c$ e!ec$%on" i" hi(he% . F!#o%ine $om cn cce0$ e!ec$%on e"i!' to form negatie ions. 4oalent bond i) &onic bond ii)
"
Na
"
/#
f) Chemic!" &
D
CHAPTER 4 : PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS ANALYSIS OF PAST YEAR QUESTIONS FROM 2003 – 2008 Year Paper No. Type of question Question No
1
2003 P2
S
2004 P3
E
S
P2
E
S
2005 P3
E
S
2
P2
E
S 1
2006 P3
E
S
P2
E
S
2007 P3
E
S
8
P2
E
S
2008 P3
E
S
P2
E
5a 5 5!
S 2
P3
E
S
E 2
SPM 2006/P2/Q8(S!T"#$ %& :iagram .1 and diagram .2 shows the diagrams of the electron arrangement for atoms of two elements from /roup 1H in periodic Table of Elements.
:iagram .1 a)
:iagram .2
Based on :iagram .1> i) rite the electron arrangement for the atom of the element and name the element. $2 marks% ii) rite a chemical equation for the reaction between this element and sodium h!dro+ide. $9 marks%
b)
4ompare the attractie forces between the nuclei and the alence electrons in the atoms in :iagram .1 and .2 and relate this to their respectie reactiit!. $@ marks%
c)
5nother element in /roup 1H is blac' colored solid. Predict the reactiit! of this element in its reaction with sodium h!dro+ide compared to that of the element in :iagram .2. $1 mark %
d)
:iagram .9 shows the set=up of the apparatus to inestigate the reaction of an element from /roup 1H with iron metal.
:iagram .9 i) tate $,o precautions that must be ta'en while carr!ing out the e+periment. $2 marks% ii) :escribe and write the chemical equations for the reaction that occur in Part / and Part 8. $@ marks% 2
SPM 2008/P3/Q2 The three statements below describe the obseration made when three elements react with water. The elements are in /roup 1 of the Periodic Table of elements. tatement 1 Iithium, Ii, moes slowl! at random on the surface of the water with a little fi66ing. The water then turns red litmus paper to blue. tatement 2 odium, Aa, moes rapidl! at random on the surface of the water with a (hissing* sound. The water then turns red litmus paper to blue. tatement 9 Potassium, , moes er! rapidl! at random on the surface of the water. &t ignites with lilac flame with a (pop* and a (hissing* sound. The water then turns red litmus paper to blue. Plan a laborator! e+periment to inestigate the reactiit! of lithium, sodium and potassium with water. our planning should include the following aspects>
a) b) c) d)
5im of the e+periment 5ll the ariables tatement of the h!pothesis Iist of substances and apparatus
e) f)
Procedure of the e+periment Tabulation of data $1H marks%
CHAPTER 4: PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS 1
SPM 2006/P2/Q8(S!T"#$ %& a)
i) The electron configuration is 2..H. The element is chlorine. ii) 4l2
Aa4l
b)1. The atom in :iagram .2 has four electron shell 2. The distance between the nucleus and the alence electrons of atom in :iagram .2 is greater than atom in :iagram .1 3- The $$%c$i)e *o%ce" .e$,een $he n#c!e#" n+ $he )!ence e!ec$%on .ecome" ,ee%4- The $om in :iagram .1 has a "$%on(e% $$%c$ion $o,%+" e!ec$%on compared to the atom in :iagram .2. ;. The atom in :iagram .1 is mo%e e!ec$%one($i)e compare to atom in :iagram .2. @. Therefore atom in :iagram .1 is mo%e %ec$i)e compared to the atom in :iagram .2. c)
Iess reactie
d)
i) 1. Concen$%$e+ acid is co%%o"i)e and the e+periment must be conducted in a fume chamber. 2. -a'e sure that the apparatus are connec$e+ $i(h$!' to preent lea'age of chlorine gas. 4hlorine gas is poisonous. ii) Part / 4hlorine gas will react with iron wool to produce iron <&&&) chloride solid. 2Fe(s C 94l2(g 2Fe4l9(s Part 8 The e+cess chlorine gas will flow into sodium h!dro+ide solution to produce sodium chloride, sodium chlorate <&) and water. 4l2(g C 2Aa78(aq Aa4l(aq C Aa74l(aq C 827(l
1
SPM 2008/P3/Q2 a) 5im of the e+periment > To inestigate the reactiit! of lithium, sodium and potassium with water. b)
5ll the ariables > -anipulated ariable > :ifferent t!pe of al'ali metal esponding ariable > eactiit! of metals Fi+ed ariable > ater, si6e of al'ali metal
c)
tatement of the h!pothesis > hen going down /roup 1, al'ali metals become more reactie in their reaction with water.
d)
Iist of substances and apparatus > ubstances > mall pieces of lithium, sodium and potassium, filter paper, distilled water, red litmus paper 5pparatus > ater troughs, small 'nife, forceps
e)
Procedure of the e+periment > 1. 4ut a small piece of lithium using a 'nife and forceps. 2. :r! the oil on the surface of the lithium with filter paper. 9. Place the lithium slowl! onto the water surface in a water trough. . hen the reactions stop, test the solution produced with red litmus paper. ;. ecord the obseration on the table. @. epeat steps 1=; using sodium and potassium to replace lithium one b! one.
f)
Tabulation of data>
5l'ali -etals Iithium odium
Potassium
7bseration
