Solar Desalination Plant

IBRI COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING MECHANICAL & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING SECTION

FABRICATION OF SOALR DESALINATION PLANT A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by LIYTH MATTAR JAMILAL-GHAFRI (76J1370) GAITH MATTAR JAMEEL AL-GHAFRI (72J13142) MOHAMMED SAID SALIM SA LIM AL-GHAFRI (72J13172) ALI SAIF SAID AL- MQBALI (72S14293) HAMED MOHAMMED MUSALAM AL-BALUSHI (72J13155) MOHAMMED HUMAID SALEM SA LEM AL-YAAQOUBI AL-YAAQOUBI (72J1311)

Under the Supervision of

Mr.J.Stephen Leon in partial fulfillment for the award of

DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Apri !"#$

Fabrication of Solar desalination plant plant

IBRI COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING MECHANICAL & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING SECTION

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE BRICA ATION ION OF SO SOLA LAR R T!" !" !" #$ %&'# %&'#! !  #*# #*# #& +'$, +'$,&% &%## #!# #!#&. / FABRIC DESALINATION PLANT  !" * $*!.& '&%$'. $ $' .$&  LIYTH MATTAR JAMILAL-GHAFRI (76J1370) GAITH MATTAR JAMEEL AL-GHAFRI (72J13142) MOHAMMED SAID SALIM SA LIM AL-GHAFRI (72J13172) ALI SAIF SAID AL- MQBALI (72S14293) HAMED MOHAMMED MUSALAM AL-BALUSHI (72J13155) MOHAMMED HUMAID SALEM SA LEM AL-YAAQOUBI AL-YAAQOUBI (72J1311)

Dipo%  in *. *. " "!# !##& #&. . *" * 8*'# 8*'#!* !* '& '&!' !'& && &## $' $' #& #& %$8 %$8&# &#!$ !$  $ Dipo% Me'hni' En(ineerin( ! #& "&&"#&' - II $ *%*.&!% &*' 2015-2016:

Si(nt)re o* S)per+i,or

Si(nt)re o* HoS-M & I Se'tion

Mr.J.Stephen Mr.J.Stephen Leon/

Dr. 0. En(o+n/

Si(nt)re o* HoD-En((. Mr. N,,er A1Sh%%2hi/

1


AC0NO3LEDGEMENT F!'"#; & #* Ah A%i(ht4 $' &8!< " #$ %$8&#& #!" 8'$,&%# 8'$8&': A"$; & $. !& #$ #* %$&<& *.!!"#'*#!$ $' 8'$=!.!< * &%&""*' #$$" *. !"#'&#" !% *" &*&. " #$ !!" $' 8'$,&%# $ #!&: >& &?8'&"" $' "!%&'& #*" Engineering Department Department ; *. #& Head of Mechanical Mechanical Section $' #$ #& Dean, Head of the Engineering

#&!' %$"#*# &%$'*<&&# *. "88$'#: >& *"$ !#$# #& <&&'$" &8 $ #&"& !.!=!.*"; #!" $' $. $# *=& && 8$""!&: Mr..Stephen !eon $' !" "88$'# *. <!.*%&; #'$<$# >& $. !& #$ #* Mr..Stephen

#& 8'$%&"" $ #!" 8'$,&%#: H!" *.=!%&; .!'&%#!$; *. !.&#!!< #& &%&""*' *. "!#*& !"#'&#"; &'& #& & #$ #& "%%&"" $ #!" 8'$,&%#:

LIYTH MATTAR JAMILALGHAFRI GAITH MATTAR JAMEEL AL-GHAFRI MOHAMMED SAID SALIM AL-GHAFRI ALI SAIF SAID AL- MQBALI HAMED MOHAMMED MUSALAM AL-BALUSHI MOHAMMED HUMAID SALEM AL-YAAQOUBI AL-YAAQOUBI

2


ABST RACT T&'& !" *$"# $ *#&' &# $ &*'# #*# !" "*& #$ .'! !#$# 8'!!%*#!$ *#&' 20-25&*'" '$ #$.*: T!" !" * "&&!< $. "#*#&&#; # !# !" $'#*#& #'&: O 1@ $ E*'#" *#&' !" ! * '&"; !!. "#*#&; *. &*' * $ #!" !" 8$#&.  $# .!"&*"&" *. #$?!% %&!%*": F$' #!" '&*"$; 8'!!%*#!$ $ *#&' "88!&" !" &?#'&& !8$'#*#: &&8!< #&"& #!<" ! !.; & *=& 8'$8$"&. * $.& !% ! %$=&'# #& .!'#C"*!& *#&' !#$ 8'&C8$#*& *#&' "!< #& '&&*& "$'%& $ &&'< (!:&: "$*' &&'< &&'<): ): T& T& *"!% *"!% $.&" $.&" $ #& &*# &*# #'*"&' #'*"&' !=$= !=$=&. &. *'& '*.!*#! '*.!*#!$; $; %$=&%# %$=&%#!$ !$ *. %$.%#!$: %$.%#!$: T& '&"#" *'& $#*!&. $#*!&.  &=*8$'*#!$ &=*8$'*#!$ $ #& .!'#C"*!& .!'#C"*!& *#&' *. &#%!< &#%!< !# $# *" 8'&C.'!*& *#&': I8$'#*# F&*#'&"  +*'*$!% R&&%#!$ !" #& *! .&"!< &*#'& $ #!" *#&' 8'!!%*#!$:  $88&' %$! "8!'* $. $ * G:I: 8!8& !" * !& .&"!< !% *"$'" $# $ &*#:  T&'* %$.%#!=!# $ %$88&' !" 400>C !% !" =&' !< & %$8*'&. #$ $#&' %$&'%!* *=*!*& &#*":  H*" 2 "#*<& 8'!!%*#!$ ""#&:  >& ! & <&##!< +'!!&. *#&' &*#&. 8#$ 60 *. *"$ <&#" %$$&. .$ #$ 35 *#&' #& %$.&"*#!$ 8'$%&"":

Through this project project work, we have learnt learnt the following: 1. 2. 3. ". 5.

The working working princip principle le of desalin desalination ation plant. plant. Applic Applicati ation on of of solar solar heat heat.. The selectio selection n of aterials aterials re!uir re!uired ed for the the work. The desi design gn aspec aspectt of the the work. work. The The hand hands#o s#on n e$pe e$peri rien ence ce of varia variati tion on anu anufa fact ctor or% % proc proces ess s and operation such as joining, &ending, welding, drilling and

cutting process. 6. Asse& Asse&l% l% of variou various s parts parts ade. ade. '. (eport eport writ writin ing. g.

3


TABLE OF CONTENTS Ch&pter No.

Tite

P(e No.

ABSTRACT

5

TABLE OF CONTENTS

6

LIST OF FIGURES

7

#

INTRODUCTION

$

!

OBJECTI8ES

#"

5

PROJECT PLANNING

#!

6

DESIGN AND DRAFTING

#7

7

FABRICATION OF SOLAR DESALINATION PLANT

#9

$

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

!!

:

CONCLUSION AND SCOPE FOR FURTHER 3OR0

!6

REFERENCES

!$

"


LIST OF FIGURES Fi()re No.

De,'ription o* Fi()re

P(e No.

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5


CHAPTER ; # )

6


1. INTROD INTRODUCT UCTION ION T& !< '*#& $ 8$8*#!$ <'$# &?8&%#&. *. #& !8'$=&&# ! #& "#*.*'. !=!< '&!'&. &&. * *'<& *#!# $ '&" *#&': D&"*!*#!$ $ "&**#&' *. '*%!" *#&' !" $& 8$""!& "$#!$ #$ "*&<*'. "88!< $ '&" *#&'; "$ #*# #& #*8 .$&" $# ' .': M$'&$=&'; .'!!< *#&' $ *%%&8#*& *!# *" &%$& * "%*'%& %$$.!# *. $ '*%!" $' "&**#&' !" *=*!*&: T& *#&' "$'#*<& 8'$& !" $# $ &?%"!=& #$ .&=&$ .&=&$8! 8!< < %$#' %$#'!&"; !&"; # *"$ *88&*'" *88&*'" '&& '&&# # ! %&'#*! %&'#*! '&
T&"& %$&%#$'" *'& %*'*%#&'!&.  $# *=!< &#$.!%* %$%&#'*#!$ $ "$*' &&'<; "$ #*# #& '&*#!$"!8 &#&& #& %$&%#$' *. #& "'*%& !" *$"# #& *"$'8#!$ !#: G&&'*; *#-8*#& %$&%#$' *%#" *" * '&%&8#$' #*# <*#&'" &&'< '$ #& " *. *' 8 * 8*#&: T& &&'< "#$'&. ! #& 8*#& !" #'*"&''&. #$ #& !.: U"*; #&"& %$&%#$'" *=& * #'*"8*'&# %$=&' <*"" $' 8*"#!% #*!< *.=*#*<& $ #& <'&&$"& &&%#; %$"!"#!< $ * "&'!&" $ %$88&' #&"; !% &?8$"&. #$ #& " *"$' "$*' '*.!*#!$ *. !# !" #'*"!##&. #$ #& !. !. 8*""!< 8*""!< #'$< #'$< !#" !#&'!$ !#&'!$': ': I#" *88!%* *88!%*#!$ #!$  !" #& 8'$.% 8'$.%#!$ #!$  $ $# *#&'; *#&'; *!' %$.!#!$!< *. &*#!< $ "!!< 8$$" O& #8& $ *# 8*#& %$&%#$' !" %*&. *!' $&%#$'" I#" *! &*#'& !" #$ *=& #& *!' *" * &*# %*''!&' !.: T& *=& * *?! #&8&'*#'& !!# *. $' &##&' $' * $'* '$*.; # ! %$#'*"# !# * $ &*# %*8*%!#: %*8*%!# : A$#&' #8& $ *# 8*#& %$&%#$' !% !" %*&. %*& . * =*% =*% %$&%#$' %$&%#$' T$"& *=& * .$& .$& .&% &=&$8&; &=&$8&; "&*&.; !"*#&. !"*#&. !"!.& *. $#"!.&: $#"!.&: T& *'& $'& &?8&"!=&; ! *..!#!$ #$ $"!< #& &&%# $ =*% !# #& 8*""*<& $ #!&: T& #!'. #8& !" %*&. &*#-#&" *# 8*#& %$&%#$': T!" #8& *" * %!.'!%* "&#'; %$"!"#!< $ #$ %$%&#'!% #&" * <*"" &?#&'!$' *. $& !#&'!$' 8*!#&. !# *% 8*!# $' "&&%#! "&&%#!=& =&:: T& !. !. $" $" #'$< #'$<  #& !#&' !#&'* * #& #& !% !% !" "&. "&. ! #& &*#!< &*#!< *88!%*#!$: F!<'& 1 "$" #& *# 8*#& %$&%#$' #8&; !& !<'& 6 "$" *# 8*#& %$&%#$' !# $# *#&' "#$'*<& #*:

'


Fig.1.1. Flat plate Solar Solar collector #.!. Sor 'oe'tor,
*onc *oncen entr trat atio ion n sola solarr coll collec ecto torr use use spec specia iall s%st s%ste es s in order order to incre increase ase the intens intensit% it% of radiat radiation ion on the a&sor& a&sor&ing ing surfac surface e and thus thus achieve high teperatures in the heat carrier +uid. The ain coplication is the the need need for for a oni onito tori ring ng s%st s%ste e to ensu ensurre that that the the coll collec ecto torr is peranentl% oriented towards the sun. ts receiving area is conical or spherical with a cover glass in the sae geoetr%. -igure 2 shows a para&olic trough solar collector hori/ontal t%pe0, while gure 3 shows a vertical t%pe para&olic trough solar collector. collector.

Fig.1.2.Horizontal type parabolic parabolic solar collector

Fig.1.3.Vertical Fig.1.3.Vertical type parabolic solar collector




#.5. Appi'tion o* Sor Coe'tor in De,intion o* Sine 3ter =

D&"*!*#!$ $ "*!& *#&' *" && 8'*%#!%&. '&<*' $' $=&' 50 &*'" *. !" & &"#*!"&. &*" $ *#&' "88 ! * %$#'!&": *&<&"; $&=&'; &?!"# #$ 8'$.%& .&"*!*#&. *#&' *# * *$'.*& %$"#: M$"# $ .&"*!*#!$ !#" $8&'*#& .&' &?8&"!=& &" !& &&%#'!%!#; &&%#'!% !#; %$*; %$*; $!; *#'* <*" &#%: &# %: T$ 8'$=!.& 8$#*& *#&' *# *$'.*& %$"#; !# !" !8&'*#!=& #$ %$=&'# & $8&'*#&. #&%$$< #$ "$*' $8&'*#&. #&%$$<: F*#-*"! !" $& $ #& #&%!&" $' .&"*!*#!$ $ *#&' "!< "$*' &&'<: A#$< *#-*"! "$*' "#! *" *.=*#*<& $ $ !"#**#!$ !"#**#!$ %$"#; $&=&' $ &!%!&% *. 8'$& 8'$& *""$%!*#&. !# #& .&8$"!# $ "*# *. "%*& *. %$''$"!$ *=& !!#&. !#" "&": T& 8*'*$!% %$%&#'*#$' *" %$8&. !# "#! ! "% * * #*# #& "$*' '*.!*#!$" '*.!*#!$" &'& *.& #$ $%" *# #& *"& $ #& #'* $ #& "#!:




CHAPTER ; !

14


2. OBJECTIVES The ain o&jectives of the project project are given &elow. &elow. 1. To stud% stud% and understa understand nd the principle principle,, applica applicatio tion n of desali desalinat nation ion plant. 2. To do literature literature review on the knowledge of of solar desalination plant. 3. To understand understand the design considerat considerations ions while while designing a achine achine like. 10 20 30 "0 ". To ake ake 5. To carr%

(e!uired diension. achine cost. Area of application. pera perati tio onal cos cost of of the the achi achin ne des desig ign ned. ed. the appropriate appropriate selection of aterials aterials re!uired re!uired for the work. out various anufacturin anufacturing g operations operations and processes processes such

as joining, &ending, welding, drilling and cutting processes, which are re!uired to fa&ricate the designed echaniss. 6. To paint and asse&le asse&le the various various parts parts ade. ade. '. To ake ake a project project report detailing all the the a&ove activities. activities.

11


CHAPTER ; 5

12


3. PROJECT PLANNING To To start this project, a eeting with supervisor in the rst week was done to anage the schedule of weekl% eetings. The purpose was to infor the supervisor on the progress of the project and to get guided &% the supervisor to solve an% pro&le or di7cult%. 8rieng &ased on the introduction and ne$t task of the project was given &% the supervisor. Then we ade research of literature review with the eans of the internet, availa&le &ooks, pu&lished articles and aterials that are related to the title of our project. 9esigning phase started o &% sketching few odels using anual sketch on A" papers. ;e did coparison in order to choose the &est concept. -ollo ollowi wing ng up, up, is the the fa&r fa&ric icat atio ion n of ak ake soe soe eth ethod od for for this this proje project. ct. *hoos *hoosing ing the ateri aterial, al, aking aking soe soe list list for the ateria ateriall and diension is the ne$t stage. Then planning of fa&rication process for this project is the nal stage. After that, starting the fa&rication processes. t would take si$ weeks to get this design and fa&rication process alteration done done.. aki aking ng soe soe anal anal%s %sis is and and test testin ing g for for the the proj projec ect. t. 9oin 9oing g the the correction for an% error in this project. *opleting the fa&rication process with painting process.

13


3ee2 9

3ee2 :

3ee2 $

3ee2 7

3ee2 6

3ee2 5

3ee2 !

3ee2 #

A'ti+itie,

+'$,&%#

√

+'$8$"* K A%%&8#*%& S&*'%!< F$'

√

I$'*#!$ K M*#&'!*" D!"%""!$ K

√

>$' D!=!.!< F*'!%*#!$

√

√

√

√

+'$%&"" T&"#!<

√

+'$%&"" F!!"!<

√

+'$%&"" R&8$'# >'!#!< K

√

S!""!$ Q! K

√

+'&"&#*#!$

3.1. Project Pl!

1"


CHAPTER ; 6

15


". DESIGN AND DRAFTING OF T#E $AC#INE

A &asic design was ade rst to get an idea of how uch etal was needed and what aterials were availa&le to &e used to &uild the hoist. A few rough diensions were estiated such as the caster height, which varies &ased on wheel aterial, and overall height of the hoist. nce a &asic design was drawn up and the availa&le aterial was evaluated, the design was drawn in Auto*A9 and asse&led. -ro the Auto*A9 odels of each part the diensions were drawn out and each part drawing was used for a cut list.
16


1'

Fabrication of Solar desalination plant plant 6.#. See'tion o* Mteri, n> E?)ip%ent

No.

Mteri,

@)ntit4

1

S*'& %*& (10  &<#)

1

2

D'!!< *%!&

1

3

##!< *%!&

1

4

S8'* 8*!#("!=&')

1

5

G'!.!< *%!&

1

6

B$#" *. #"

4

7

S#&& R$."

1



M&*"'&&# #*8&

1

9

GI "&&# (1  1 )

1

10

$88&' #& ( 1 &<#)

1

11:

+*"#!% #& ( 1 &<#)

1

12:

+*"#!% %*8

2

1


CHAPTER ; 7

1


FABRICATION OF SOLAR DESALINATION PLANT T& "#&8  "#&8 8'$%&.' 8'$%&.'&& $$ $$&. &. .'!< .'!< #& *'!% *'!%*#!$ *#!$  $ #$"& #$"& $' $' "#'*!< "#'*!<## !& !& &%*!"" *'& 8'&"&#&. ! #!" "&%#!$: 7.#. C)ttin( ,?)re 'hnne in to the re?)ire> >i%en,ion=

T& *"& $ &*% $.&" $ &%*!"" *=& && %#  %##!< *%!& (F!<": 5:1  5:2) *. *"$ & *=& %# #& '$." *" 8&' #& .!&"!$" ! 8'&=!$" .!*<'*" $ &*% #& $' &%*!"": F'*& *" && .&"!<&. *" 8&' #& .!&"!$"
"ig. #.$. %utting operation

"ig. #.&. %utting operation

7.!. M2in( *r%e=

A#&' & *=& $. #& .!&"!$" $ &*% 8*'#" *. & &.&. #& "*'& %*& (F!<": 5:3  5:4) #$ *& '*&:

"ig. #.'. (elding operation

"ig. #.). (elding operation

24

Fabrication of Solar desalination plant plant 7.5. Fiin( %et ,heet =

I #!" 8*'# & *=& "&. <'!.!< *%!& (F!<": 5:5) #$ *=& <$$. "'*%& $' #& '$." &$'& & 8*!# #& *. *"$ #$ *& #& $'& &*#: &*#:

"ig. #.#. "i*ing meal sheet 7.6. A,,e%in( o* Prt,

I #!" 8*'# & *=& *""&&. '*&; 8*'*$!% %$&%#$' 8!8&; #*" *. 8*"#!% #& #$ %$&%# *#&': *#& ':::

"ig. #.+. ssembling all the parts

21


%.%. P&oto' o( F)r*cte+ F)r*cte+ $ec&!*',' -igs. 5.' show the photographs of nal achine.

"ig. #.-. ssembled machine

22


CHAPTER ; $

23


$. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION T& .&"*!*#!$ $ "*!& *#&' *" &%$& * ""#*!*& *. * '&!*& "$'%& $ '&" *#&' *. !" %$#'!#!< #$ #*%!< #& $'.N" *#&' "$'#*<& 8'$&": T!" 8'$,&%# *" '&=!&&.

*

.&=&$ .&=&$8&. 8&.

&' .'!< .'!<

$

#&'*

'&%&# '&%&#

*.

&'*&

*#&'

.&"*!*#!$

8'$%&""&"

.&%*.& .&%*.&": ": I '&%&# '&%&# &*'"; &*'"; #&'& #&'& *=& *=& && && %$"!.& %$"!.&'* '*& &

.&=&$8&#" .&=&$8&#" ! &'*& &'*& .&"*!*#!$ .&"*!*#!$ 8'$%&""&"; 8'$%&""&"; &"8&%!* &"8&%!* ! #&'" $ #& .&"!< $ &'*& $.&; &&'< '&%$=&'; *. 8'&-#'&*#&# &#$." !% *=& *.& !# %$"# %$8&# %$8&#!#!= !#!=&& !# !# #&'* #&'* 8'$%&" 8'$%&""&": "&": T& T&

"&

$

.&"*!*#!$ .&"*!*#!$ &%$&" &%$&" * '&*"$*& '&*"$*& *. #&%!%* #&%!%*

'&&* '&&*& & ""#*! ""#*!* *&& &&' &&'
*#&'*#!=& *#&'*#!=&

#$*'." #$*'."

$' #&

&&'
-.2. A>+er,e en+iron%ent i%p't, 1:

D&"*!*#!$ !" 8$#&#!* =&' =&' &&'< &&'< !#&"!=&; .&8&.!< .&8&.!< $ #& &&'< &&'< '&%$=&'

""#& "&.: 2: D!"8$"* $ * *'<& *$# $ .&$?<&*#&.; .&$?<&*#&.; !< %$%&#'*#&. "*!& 8'$.%# !#$ #& $%&* $' &"#*'!& &%$""#&: 3: D&"*!*#!$ 8*#" %* & %$"# #$ %$"#'%# *. $8&'*#&: 4: T& *%!!#!&" '&!'& *'<& *$#" $ *.:

2"


CHAPTER ; :

25


. CONCLUSIONS AND SCOPE FOR FUTURE /OR0 =olar desalination plant will &e useful : • • • • • •

n reote areas where power is not availa&le. >cofriendl% processing. >as% operation and aintenance. *opletel% operated &% renewa&le energ% source ass production can &e possi&le. t is porta&le Through this project project work, we have learnt learnt the following: 1. 2. 3. ". 5.

The working working principle principle of diere dierent nt desalinat desalination ion plants.. plants.. 9ierent 9ierent t%pes of solar solar collect collectors. ors. The selectio selection n of aterials aterials re!uir re!uired ed for the the work. The desi design gn aspec aspectt of the the work. work. The The hand hands#o s#on n e$pe e$peri rien ence ce of varia variati tion on anu anufa fact ctor or% % proc proces ess s and operation such as joining, &ending, welding, drilling and

cutting process. 6. Asse& Asse&l% l% of variou various s parts parts ade. ade. '. (eport eport writ writin ing. g. -re!uent change of pipe lines is re!uired due to the salt deposition. A separate provision should &e provided for the reoval of salt deposition. A separate tracking s%ste is re!uired to track sun light direction so that the the plan plantt can can work work eec eecti tive vel% l%.. >vap >vapor orat atio ion n can can occu occurr thro throug ugh h the the collecting tanks. =o perfect insulation is re!uired to avoid evaporation. This suggestion can &e considered as a scope scope for further work.

REFERENCES 1: ##8"CC&:!!8&.!*:$'
26

Fabrication of Solar desalination plant plant 3: B'& B'&;; >: / Reverse Osmosis. A practical gide for indstrial sers: sers: T* O*" O*" +!"!<: L!##&#$ 1995: 4: *'#*; *'#*; J:A:; J:A:; G$& G$& J:; S!&* S!&* : /Ope / Operac racion ional al an!lisi an!lisiss o fan innova innovative tive "ind "ind po"ered reverse osmosis system installed in t#e $anary %slands %slands S$*' E&'< 75 (2003) 153-16:

2'

Solar Desalination Plant

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