]hatwbrl Qbinjbtnhg, Qlrnanmbtnhg bgj Zlstngc Mhursl Ghtls - Anrst Enjtlre Abii 6020
]yiibfus M]L <1< ]hatwbrl Qlrnanmbtnhg, Qbinjbtnhg bgj Zlstngc
Zhpnms 02.
Sllo 02 - Zlstngc - Zlstngc fbmocrhugj
06.
Sllo 02 - Zlstngc - Zlstngc prhmlss bmtnvntnls
0=.
Sllo 06 - Vlqunrlelgts-fbslj Vlqunrlelgts-fbslj tlstngc tlmdgnquls
0:.
Albturl ngtlrbmtnhg tlstngc
0<.
Lxpihrbthry tlstngc
01.
]trumturl-fbslj ]trumturl-fbslj tlstngc tlmdgnquls
03.
Ngtlcrbtnhg tlstngc
04.
]ystle tlstngc
0>.
Vlcrlssnhg tlstngc
20.
\sbfninty tlstngc
22.
Plrahrebgml tlstngc
26.
]lmurnty tlstngc
2=.
Jlsncg ha Lxplrnelgts
2:.
Zlstngc thhis
2<.
]hatwbrl Vlinbfninty Lgcngllrngc
21.
Vlinbfninty ehjlis
23.
]tbtnstnmbi tlstngc
24.
Zlst pibggngc
2>.
Vnso fbslj tlstngc
60.
Zrbmongc tlstngc prhcrlss
62.
Zlstngc elbsurls
66.
Zlst jhmuelgtbtnhg jhmuelgtbtnhg
6=.
Zlstngc stbgjbrjs
6:.
Zlst prhmlss neprhvlelgt
6<.
Zlst prhmlss pbttlrgs
4/2>/20 =;<6 PE
_wllo 02 ” Mibss 02 ” ZdursjbyU
4/2>/20 =;<6 PE
Zlstngc Fbmocrhugj
2. Hfklmtnvl ha Zlstngc
b. - Engnenzl rnsos f. - Angj abuits (tdngcs tdbt ght whros) m. - Dhw rhfust ns tdl shatwbrl; Jh ght abni bgj na abnis nt rlmhvlr vlry abst j. - Bsslss plrahrebgml
6. Sdlg Zh ]thp Zlstngc8 b. - Jlehgstrbtl rlqunrlelgts brl elt f. - Sdlg nt ns chhj lghucd8888
Ehgtdiy Elltngcs Ha NLLL-M] bgj BME
- ]phgshr tdl ebng mhgalrlgmls - Pdhlgnx (slbrmd ahr nt!)
=. Jlangntnhgs NLLL
-
VLINBFNINZ^; Prhfbfninty tdbt b cnvl ]S bppinmbtnhg wnii hplrbtl ahr
shel cnvlg tnel plrnhj wntdhut ]S abniurl. EZFA - elbg tnel fltwllg abniurl. Nt ns b rlibtlj mhgmlpt wntd
Vlinbfninty. Bclgmnls wdnmd mlrtnanlj ]S. Lbmd ha tdle dbvl stbgjbrjs; ABB. Bvnbtnhg Bclgmy. ]tbgjbrj J0234f. Prhfbfninty (20W->). ( 20W->). F343 ns bghtdlr stbgjbrj (Fhlngc) AJB ns bghtdlr bclgmy.
-
QBINJBZNHG; Zlgjs th bgswlr tdl qulstnhg "brl wl funijngc tdl
rncdt prhjumt8 Ns tdns shatwbrl jh wdbt nt glljs th jh8 (muepil rlqulrnenlgths jl usubrnh) -
QLVNANMBZNHG; Brl wl funijngc tdl prhjumt rncdt8 Jhls tdns ellts nt
rlqunrlelgts. Nt ns tdl lbsy hgl. (lstb nepilelgtbjh bmhrjl b jnslòh) Ngjustry tbios bfhut Q&Q mhgmlpts wdnmd stbgjs ahr Qbinjbtnhg & Qlrnanmbtnhg. Htdlr mhgmlpt ns NQ&Q wdnmd stbgjs ahr Ngjlplgjlgt Q&Q -
ZL]ZNGC; Lxbengbtnhg ha tdl fldbvnhr ha b prhcrbe fy lxlmutngc nt
hg sbepil jbtb slts. Zlstlrs Q] Phiistlrs Bgbihcnls _Phii - lgmulstbsU _]mnlgtnanm phiistlrs sumd bs MGG, GFM Glws. Zdly tbol b rlprlslgtbtnvl crhup ahr tdl phii, wdlrl tdl jlehcrbpdnms brl wlii jlanglj wdnmd elbgs tdbt tdl EHL (ebrcng ha lrrhr) ns ilss tdbg =.U Phiistlrs brl pbnj th ebol prljnmtnhgs, wdnil Zlstlrs …. jhls tlstlr ebol prljnmtnhgs8. Zlstlrs brl lxplmtlj th jh prljnmtnhgs bfhut tdl rlinbfninty ha tdl ]S.
Fhtd Zlstlrs bgj Phiistlrs whros wntd sncgnanmbgt mhgstrbngs, ebngiy ehgly bgj tnel. Phiistlrs mbgght jh bg lxdbustnvl phii. Zlstlrs mbgght lntdlr jh lxdbustnvl tlstngc. ]hel mbsls ebyfl wdlg tdl ]S ns vlry snepil bgj dbs vlry splmnanm ngputs.
Na yhu mbgght ebol b lxdbustnvl phii tdlg yhu dbvl th bssurl yhu dbvl b chhj sbepil (rlprlslgtbtnvl bgj vbinj stbtnstnmbiiy). Zdl sbel dbpplglj ahr b tlst prhmlss.
:. Laalmtnvl Zlstngc
-
Lxbengbtnhg ha tdl fldbvnhr ha b prhcrbe fy lxlmutngc nt hg VLPVL]LGZBZNQL sbepil jbtb slts.
-
VHN (Vlturg ha Ngvlstelgt); Ns b jlvlihpelgt laahrt fut bish b Q&Q laahrt. Dhw ebgy laahrt wl put hg jhngc tdl jlvlihpelgt bgj tdl Q&Q. Znel uslj ahr jnaalrlgt bmtnvntnls 2/= - B&J 2/= ” Mhjngc 2/= - Q&Q Mhst 5 a(prhjumtnvnty)…Zdl ]S prhjumtnvnty ns 2 IHM / dr. VHN, hg shatwbrl ns bii bfhut tdl laahrt wl put hg jhngc tdl Q&Q.
<. Elbsurls Ha Vlinbfninty
-
MV\J - Musthelr Vlphrtlj \gnqul Jlalmts. Nt ns lxprlsslj fy jlalmts/OIHM. Ng 6020 tdl bvlrbcl ns 2/OIHM. jlalmts/Oihm 5 2 hr 0.2 (6020)
-
Bghtdlr wby th elbsurl tdns ns usngc 1snceb 5). (snx snceb) 5 =.2:/eniinhg. Lvlg dlrl ns B IHZ!
]ll Zdl Vnso Jnclst dttp;//mbtilss.gmi.bm.uo/rnsos
_wllo 02 ” Mibss 02 ” ZdursjbyU
4/2>/20 =;<6 PE
Zlstngc Prhmlss Bmtnvntnls
2. ]hatwbrl Zlstngc Prhmlss vs. Jlvlihpelgt Prhmlss -
Jlvlihpelgt prhmlss
b. Vlqunrlelgts _Sdbt th funij ” usl mbsl smlgbrnhsU f. Jlsncg _Pnmo tdl Brmd pbttlrgs. Dhw th ellt rlqunrlelgtsU m. Nepilelgtbtnhg j. Q&Q Zdlsl : bmtnvntnls hg jlvlihpelgt dbs b bgbihcy hg tlstngc prhmlss. - Zlstngc prhmlss b. Zlst hfklmtnvls (pibg, mhga ebgbclelgt) f. ]bepingc strbtlcy _Zlst JlsncgU m. Srntl tlst mbsls bgj tlst smrnpts j. Lxlmutl tlst Zlstngc ns b ebturl prhmlss bgj rlqunrls splmnanms soniis. Zdlrl brl shel htdlr bmtnvntnls tdbt brl bgbihchus bgj tdbt baalmts fhtd, tlstngc bgj jlvlihpelgt; b. Pibggngc f. Mhgancurbtnhg Ebgbclelgt m. Mdbgcls ha rlqunrlelgts j. Vlvnlw
6. Zlstngc Inentbtnhgs Bgj Mhgstrbngts 2. Mhgstrbngt fy tdl rlqunrlelgts (enssngc hr fbj rlqs fy lxbepil) 6. lxdbustnvl tlstngc ns ght phssnfil =. Inentlj tnel bgj ehgly
=. Zlstngc Bttntujls -
Ngjlplgjlgml. NQ&Q, ngjlplgjlgml tlst, hr ngjlplgjlgml tlbe.
-
Musthelr plrsplmtnvl; ugjlrstbgj tdl musthelr? oghw bfhut tdl jhebng.
-
Jlehgstrbtl tdbt tdl systle whros. Ch tdrhucd bii tdl rlqunrlelgts bgj fl surl tdbt wl ellt tdle bii. Zdns ns ongj ha milbg prhmlss.
-
Jnrty tlstngc (try th frlbo tdl systle)
-
Prhalssnhgbinse. Zlstngc sdhuij fl bg bjj vbiul th tdl prhjumt. ]dhuij fl sheltdngc wdlrl b plrshg mbg dbvl b mbrllr. Zdl jnaalrlgt pbtds ha mbrllr hg ]S mhuij fl; jlvlihpelgt, ecgt, tlstngc. Nt mhuij fl b chhj njlb th clt b ’Inmlgsngc ha ]L―, tdlrl ns b mlrtnanmbtnhg hg Zlxbs (all, tlst, bgj ljumbtnhgbi fbmocrhugj). Zdl tlst mhvlrs; jlvlihpelgt bgj rlbshg bfhut mhrrlmtglss (tlstngc, nepilelgtbtnhg, prhvl ha mhrrlmtglss).
Ghtl; B chhj tlst lgcngllr dbs; -
bg bfninty th tbol tdl phngt ha vnlw ha tdl musthelr,
-
b strhgc jlsnrl ahr qubinty,
-
b 'tlst th frlbo' bttntujl,
-
bgj bg bttlgtnhg th jltbni.
Dhelwhro
4/2>/20 =;<6 PE
Dhelwhro ahr Zulsjby = anrst rlbjngcs ha tdl inst ha tdl rlbjngcs;
-
Mibssnm Zlstngc Enstbols, Ebrnmo, Frnbg, dttp;//mntlsllrx.nst.psu.lju/vnlwjhm/jhwgihbj8jhn520.2.2.=:.>>:0&rlp5rlp2&typl5pja
-
]hatwbrl Zlstngc Flst Prbmtnmls, Mdniibrlcl, Vbe, dttp;//www.mdniibrlcl.mhe/butdwhro/pbplrs2>>0s/ZlstngcFlstPrbmtnml.pja
-
Zdl ]hatwbrl Rubinty Mdbiilgcl, Sbtts ]. Duepdrly, MrhssZbio, Kugl 6004.
_wllo 06 ” Mibss 06 ” ZulsjbyU
4/6:/20 6;:4 PE
0. Arhe tdl ibst mibss Vlbjngc Pbplrs !
Mibssnm Enstbols ng Zlstngc
!
Zlstngc Flst Prbmtnmls
!
Mrhsstbio bfhut Rubinty
Zlstngc Bttntujls !
Prhalssnhgbinse; tlstngc ns b mbrrnlr, bs jlvlihp bgj bs ebgbclelgt.
!
Inmlgsl bs ]L ng Zlxbs! ;-0 (jlvlihp bgj rlbshgngc bfhut mhrrlmtglss). Ngmiujl tlstngc, Prhha ha mhrrlmtglss bgj Nepilelgt
!
Zlstngc ns ght b mhursl ngth ugnvlrsnty ;-0 fut tdlrl brl b iht ha fhhos!
2. Zlstngc Prngmnpils b) Jh ght tdrhw bwby yhur tlst. Zdly brl chngc th fl uslaui ng tdl auturl. Vlusl, ebngtbng yhur prhjumt (tdl prhjumt wnii fl hut ahr b wdnil, nt ns flttlr th sbvl yhur mbsl ha tlstngc) rlcrlssnhg bgbiysns. f) Prhfbfninty ha tdl lxnstlgml ha ehrl lrrhrs ng b slmtnhg ha mhjl ns prhphrtnhgbi th tdl # ha lrrhrs birlbjy ahugj. !
Vleleflr wl dbvl 2 lrrhr/Oihm
!
Lrrhrs tlgj th clglrbtl miustlrs (flmbusl mhepilxnty, jlplgjlgmls ha tdl mhjl, soniis ha tdl jlvlihplr ha tdbt slmtnhg ha mhjl, phhr hr mdbgcngc rlqunrlelgts tdbt baalmt tdbt pbrt).
m) B glmlssbry pbrt ha b tlst mbsl ns tdl jlangntnhg ha tdl lxplmtlj rlsuit B tlst mbsl mhgsnst hg; ngput bgj lxplmtlj rlsuits. !
Lxbepil; Zlstngc b glw hptnenzlj M++ mhepnilr. Zdl ngput whuij fl b anil2 wntd mhjl, bgj tdl lxnt b anil6 wntd mhjl tdbt sbtnsanlj jlanglj mdbrbmtlrnstnms.
!
ilvli ha ngjlplgjlgml
j) Abstlr bgj Mdlbplr Ilbg ebguabmturngc, ilbg tlstngc, ilbg shatwbrl jlvlihpelgt ;-h !
Zdns dbs th fl wntd tlmdghihcy, tlmdgnquls, bgj rlusl.
6. Pbplr 2. Mibssnm tlstngc enstbols fy Frnbg Ebrnmo •
Frnbg Ebrnmo ns b ongc ha ilbjlr ng tdl brlb
!
_Pbcl 6:U ]hel mibssnm tlstngc enstbols
!
6. (Vhil ha Zlstngc). Zdngongc tdbt tdl purphsl ha tlstngc ns th angj fucs. Zdlrl ns ght prhfile ng tdl stbtl. Dhwlvlr wl sdhuij rlengj tdbt tdl hfklmtnvl ha tlstngc ns th angj ’nephrtbgt fucs―.
!
:. (Vhil ha Zlstngc). Ght rlphrtngc usbfninty prhfiles. Nt ns mheehg th rlphrt hgiy augmtnhgbinty lrrhrs. Vlebng tdbt tdl uslr jh ght usl b thhi augmtnhgbiiy fut fy tbsos.
!
3. (Vhil ha Zlstngc). ]tbrtngc tlstngc thh ibtl (fuc jltlmtnhg ght fuc rljumtnhg). Zlstngc sdhuij flcng ng arhgt. Sl sdhuij wrntl tlst bt tdl sbel tnel wl brl wrntngc rlqunrlelgts. ^hu wrntl yhur tlst mbsls flahrl yhu wrntl yhur mhjl. Zdl njlb ns tdbt jlvlihplr dbvl ehrl ngahrebtnhg bfhut wdbt nt ns lxplmtlj.
!
20. (Pibggngc tdl mhepiltl tlstngc laahrt). Puttngc strlss bgj ihbj tlstngc haa th tdl ibst engutl. Nt ns b prhfile jul tdl abmt tdlrl whuij ght fl lghucd tnel th anx bgy nssul.
!
22. (Pibggngc tdl mhepiltl tlstngc laahrt). Ght tlstngc tdl jhmuelgtbtnhg. Ghrebiiy tdl tlstngc ns jhgl th tdl rlqunrlelgts, fut nt ns bish glmlssbry th tlst tdl jhmuelgtbtnhg (ngstbiibtnhgs prhmljurls bgj mhgancurbtnhg ngstrumtnhgs).
!
2>. (Plrshggli nssuls). Zlstlrs brl ght jhebng lxplrts. Sl gllj th dbvl tdl plhpil wdh rlbiiy ugjlrstbgj tdl bppinmbtnhg.
!
6=. (Plrshggli nssuls). B pdysnmbi slpbrbtnhg fltwllg jlvlihplrs bgj tlstlrs. ]lpbrbtlj crhups. Nt ns ght chhj th dbvl tdns slpbrbtnhg.
=. Pbplr 6. Zlstngc Flst Prbmtnmls fy Vbe Mdniibrlcl
•
Vlphrt 64 flst prbmtnmls
•
2. (Ngmrlelgtbi) Bssls shatwbrl rlinbfninty vnb stbtnstnmbi tlstngc. Hgl wby th tbio bfhut rlinbfninty ns EZFA (Elbg Znel Fltwllg Abniurls), tdl hgiy wby th elbsurl tdns ns tdrhucd stbtnstnmbi tlstngc.
•
6. (Fbsns) Jlvlihp bg bcnil tlst jlsncg. Bcnil elbgs; ailxnfil, sdhrt mymils, sebii pnlmls bt tdl sbel tnel.
•
=. (Ahugjbtnhgbi) \tninzl ehjli-fbsl tlstngc-tlmdgnquls Sdil whrongc hg tdl jlvlihpelgt wl usl Ehjli Fbsl ]hatwbrl Lgcngllrngc (EF]L) bgj ]hatwbrl Jlvlihpelgt, tdns elbgs dbvl ehjlis sumd bs \EI, stbtl ebmdngl, Pltrn glts, bgj tdlg arhe dlrl ehvl th tdl mhjl. \EI - "stbtl ebmdngl" ch th tlst bgj mhjl! ]heltdngc snenibr dbpplg ahr tlstngc. Sl gllj ehjlis bgj tdl ehvl arhe tdlrl th tlstngc mbsls.
•
:. (Ngmrlelgtbi) Mrhss-augmtnhgbi tlbes. Nt ns b vlry chhj prbmtnml th dbvl tlstlr bgj jlvlihplrs thcltdlr bt tdl sbel tnel. \sl (NPJZ) - Ngtlcrbtlj Prhjumt Jlvlihpelgt Zlbe
•
<. (Ahugjbtnhgbi) \sl HJM (Hrtdhchgbi Jlalmt Mibssnanmbtnhg). Zdns tlmdgnqul ns uslj th neprhvl tlst laalmtnvlglss. Ahr lbmd ahugjlj jlalmt wl wnii dbvl bttrnfutls bsshmnbtlj wntd nt. Jlalmt Bttrnfutls ” Jlalmt mibssnanmbtnhg.
!
1. (Fbsns) Buthebtlj Zlst Zdns ns tdl anrst dhelwhro
!
"
3. (Ahugjbtnhgbi) Plrahre smlgbrnh-fbslj tlstngc. ]mlgbrnh mhels arhe \sls mbsls bgj \sl-mbsl ehjlingc.
!
4. (Ahugjbtnhgbi) Lepdbsnzl usbfninty tlstngc
!
>. (Fbsns) Zlst hvlr euitnpil pibtahres
:. Pbplr =. ]hatwbrl Rubinty Mdbiilgcl fy S. Duepdrly •
]hel bgbihcnls; Mhepbrl ]S wntd htdlr duebg clglrbtlj eljnb (pbplr/fhho) 2 jlalmt plr pbcl. (shatwbrl) 2,000,000 IHM ” :0,000 pbcls / lrrhrs
•
_Pbcl :, pbrbcrbpd =U Zdl prhfile wntd tdl shatwbrl ns tdbt tdlrl ns b iht ha mhefngbtnhgs bgj plreutbtnhgs ha phssnfil lrrhrs. ]h ebgy plreutbtnhgs th tlst bii mbsls shatwbrl hptnhgs ]tbtl ha tdl brt ng ]S jlvlihpelgt. 200 jlalmt / 2000 ingls Zdlg wl anitlr lrrhrs; anrst tdl mhepnilr, tdlg stbtnm bgbiyzlr (slbrmd ahr lrrhr pbttlrgs), tdlg ngsplmtnhg, tdlg ugnt tlstngc (\Z), tdlg Ngtlcrbtnhg Zlstngc(NZ), tdlg ]ystle Zlstngc (]Z) Bgj wl mbg hftbng 20-60/2000 lrrhr plr IHM
Bgj tdlg angbiiy shel dhw 2 /2000 lrrhr plr IHM Zdlg whrry bfhut vbrnbtnhg lg mhgancurbtnhg •
Vlvnlw tdl Zbfil 2 bgj Zbfil 6. (tlstngc vbrnbtnhgs bgj phssnfil pbtds tdrhucd b gltwhro). Zdngo hg dhw th tlst bii phssnfil hptnhgs hg tdl shatwbrl.
•
_Pbcl
Zdns mhursl ns chngc th fl ahmuslj hg ]hatwbrl Vlinbfninty!
_wllo 06 ” Mibss 06 ” ZulsjbyU
4/6:/20 6;:4 PE
2. Zlstngc Zlmdgnquls Zdlrl brl twh typls ha tlstngc tlmdgnquls !
Augmtnhgbi tlstngc; (fibmo fhx hrnlgtlj 5 tlsts tdl augmtnhgbinty ha bg
bppinmbtnhg bs hpphslj th nts ngtlrgbi strumturls hr whrongcs). Zdns brl bppinmbfil hg bgy ilvli. Zypnmbi fibmo-fhx tlst jlsncg tlmdgnquls ngmiujl; Jlmnsnhg tbfil tlstngc, Bii-pbnrs tlstngc, ]tbtl trbgsntnhg tbfils, Lqunvbilgml pbrtntnhgngc, Fhugjbry vbiul bgbiysns. !
]trumturbi Zlstngc; (wdntl fhx hrnlgtlj 5 tlsts ngtlrgbi strumturls hr
whrongcs ha bg bppinmbtnhg bs hpphslj th nts augmtnhgbinty). Zdl tlstlr mdhhsls ngputs th lxlrmnsl pbtds tdrhucd tdl mhjl bgj jltlrengl tdl bpprhprnbtl hutputs. Nt ns bgbihchus th tlstngc ghjls ng b mnrmunt Sdntl-fhx tlst jlsncg tlmdgnquls ngmiujl; Mhgtrhi-aihw tlstngc, Jbtb aihw tlstngc, Frbgmd tlstngc, Pbtd tlstngc. Sl brl chngc th rlvnlw shel ha tdl Augmtnhgbi Zlstngc tlmdgnquls.
6. Augmtnhgbi Zlstngc (fibmo fhx) \slaui ahr bii ilvlis ha Zlstngc! b) ]mlgbrnh-fbsl Zlstngc; jnrlmtiy tnglj th usl-mbsls (usl mbsl jrnvlg
tlstngc). Zdl rlqunrlelgts brl lxprlsslj hg usl-mbsls. (dnsthrnls wntd slvlrbi stlps)
Lxbepil; shatwbrl ahr BEZ systle? lxbepils ha usl-mbsls; wntdjrbw, jlphsnt, mdlmo fbibgml. Ahr tdl usl-mbsl wntdjrbw mhuij fl jnaalrlgt smlgbrnhs; •
ghrebi (sugsdngl mbsl)
•
bitlrgbtnvl 2(gh mbsd)
•
bitlrgbtnvl 6(wrhgc PNG)
•
bitlrgbtnvl = (fbj sheltdngc)
]bepingc ]trbtlcnls ahr uslj ahr mbsl-fbslj tlstngc f) Vlqunrlelgt-fbsl tlstngc. Ns bg bitlrgbtnvl ahr ]mlgbrnh-fbsl
tlstngc. Zdl rlqunrlelgts brl ng b jhmuelgt bs b inst ha ]dbii„s (systle sdbii jh tdns), tdlg ahr lbmd ha tdl rlq. wl ebtmd hgl hr ehrl tlstngc (wl usl b ebtrnx ha rlqs vs tlst). Zdns brl augmtnhgbi rlqunrlelgts Ebol b tbfil wntd rlqunrlelgts bgj tlstngc bsshmnbtlj wntd lbmd rlqunrlelgt. (b tbfil)
=. ]trumturbi Zlstngc (wdntl fhx)
:. Zlstngc Ilvlis !
\gnt Zlstngc
!
Ngtlcrbtnhg Zlstngc
!
]ystle Zlstngc
Dhelwhro
]hatwbrl \gnt Zlstngc Arbelwhros Jul; ]lptleflr 3 •
Srntl b Pbplr bfhut K\gnt
4/6:/20 6;:4 PE
_wllo 06 ” Mibss 0= ” ZdursjbyU
4/61/20 6;<3 PE
2. Augmtnhgbi Zlstngc 2.2. ]bepingc ]trbtlcnls (]mlgbrnh| \sl Mbsl)-Fbslj 2.2.2. Lqunvbilgml Pbrtntnhgngc
!
tlmdgnqul tdbt jnvnjls tdl ngput jbtb ha b shatwbrl ugnt (augmtnhg, slrvnml, mhephglgt, prhcrbe) ngth pbrtntnhgs ha jbtb arhe wdnmd tlst mbsls mbg fl jlrnvlj. Ng prngmnpil, tlst mbsls brl jlsncglj th mhvlr lbmd pbrtntnhg bt ilbst hgml. Zdns tlmdgnqul trnls th jlangl tlst mbsls tdbt ugmhvlr mibssls ha lrrhrs, tdlrlfy rljumngc tdl thtbi gueflr ha tlst mbsls tdbt eust fl jlvlihplj.
!
!
#
Lxbepil; Jhebng 5 ngtlclr =6 fnts Zlst Mbsls; 2. -< -7 < 6. 0 -7 0 =. < -7 < :. ebx <. eng Pbrtntnhg; glcbtnvl, phsntnvl bgj zlrh. Zbol b sbepil ha lbmd pbrtntnhg (vbinj bgj ngvbinj pbrtntnhg) Ngvbinj Pbrtntnhg - crlbtlr tdbg ebx - ilss tdbt eng - mdbrbmtlrs - aihbt
$
6. Lqunvbilgt Pbrtntnhgngc Zlmdgnqul 2. Njlgtnay Pbrtntnhg. 6. Srntl tlst mhvlrngc bs ebgy ugmhvlrlj vbinj pbrtntnhgs bs phssnfil. =. Ahr lbmd ngvbinj pbrtntnhg wrntl b tlst tdbt mhvlr hgl bgj hgiy hgl bt tnel. !
Bssueptnhg; Ngput brl Ngjlplgjlgt. F\Z tdns bssueptnhg ns ghrebiiy ght Zrul.
!
Lxbepil Hgl; Zlst b augmtnhg a(x, y) tdbt rlmlnvl twh ngput vbiuls ng tdl rbgcls ha T; 2 .. 20? ^; <0 .. 200 Pbrtntnhgs
Zlst mbsls
2
6
=
:
<
T 2...20
Q
92
N
720
N
Q
Q
Q
N N
^ <0…200
Q
9<0
N
7200
N
Q
Q
Q N
rleleflr stlp =, hgiy hgl ngvbinj vbiul bt hgl tnel Zlst
T
^
2
<
<<
6
-2
10
=
<
:<
: <
N
LP rlqunrls bt ilbst < tlst mbsls ahr tdns lxbepil (bmmhrjngc wntd tdl tdrll stlps jlsmrnflj flahrl)
!
Lxbepil Zwh; (smlgbrnh tlstngc) BZE systle; smlgbrnh hgl ”wntdjrbw? smlgbrnh twh ”jlphsnt? smlgbrnh tdrll - bte png mdbgcl. Ilt us sll b snepil usl mbsl ahr bet png mdbgcl. Bgj try th jh smlgbrnh-fbsl tlstngc; \slr
]ystle
2. vbinjbtl tdl uslr 6. jnspiby hptnhgs =. Png mdbgcl :. Prhept glw png <. lgtlr png 1. Qbinjbtl png 3. Vllgtlr 4. Mhganre/\pjbtl
]mlgbrnhs; b) ghrebi hgl f) bitlrgbtnvl 2 (ahrebt prhfile) m) bitlrgbtnvl 6 (png ght ebtmd) Dhw th tlst ghrebi bgj bitlrgbtnvl smlgbrnhs8 Sl gllj lxtrb rlqunrlelgts Sdbt ns b vbinj PNG8 :-4 jncnts 2st bgj ibst eust fl jnaalrlgt mbgght dbvl = hr ehrl jncnts tdl sbel
Ahr tdns mrlbtl lqunvbilgt pbrtntnhgs (LP). Hur NGP\Z ns PNG Zdngo bfhut BZZVNF\ZL] inol; ilgctd - 2. :-4 ns (v) - 6. 9: ns (n) - =. 74 ns (n) anrst/ibst - :. Zdly brl jnaalrlgt (v) - <. Zdly brl tdl sbel (n) gueflr ha sbel jncnts - 1. 9= (v) - 3. 75= (n) B] jlvlihplr yhu tdngo ng brmdntlmturl, jlsncg bgj bichrntde B] tlstlr yhu njlgtnay pbrtntnhgs bgj ebol sbepingc Zdlg mrlbtl mhvlrbcl ebtrnx; Pbrtntnhgs
Zlst mbsls 2
6
=
:
<
Q
Q
Ilgctd :-4
Q
9:
N
74
N
Q N N
Anrst/Ibst Jnaalrlgt
Q
Lqubis
N
Q
Q
Q
Q N
# sbel jncnts 9=
Q
75=
N
Q
Q
Q
Q N
Zdlg mrlbtl tlst jbtb; Zlst
PNG
2
26=: (QQQ)
6
26= (NQQ)
=
26=:<134> (NQQ)
:
26=2(QNQ)
<
6::::=(QQN)
Zlstngc ns bii bfhut sbepingc! Ahr tdl ghrebi smlgbrnh 2 tlst {t2} Ahr bitlrgbtnvl 2 (ngvbinj png) {t6, t=, t:, t<}
!
Prhfile (ng mibss);
B Pbyrhii ]ystle wntd 6 ngput; - Nj (< jncnts) - Dhurs Shrolj Bgj tdrll Hutput - Nj (< jncnts) - Zypl lepihyll, ns fbslj hg tdl Nj 00000 - 6>>>> lgcngllr =0000 ” >>>>> supphrt - Crhss pby $20 dr ahr 2st :0 dr $2< dr batlr :0 dr Bjjntnhgbi ngahrebtnhg; - ebx gueflr dhurs b plrshg mbg whro ” 200 dr. Na lxmlljlj tdlg slgj lrrhr. - eng gueflr ” 0 dr - ahrebt ha tdl drs ns ngtlclr bgj rhugj jhwg!
Zlstlrs gllj Vlqunrlelgts bs Jlvlihpelgt!
Mrlbtl mhvlrbcl ebtrnx; Pbrtntnhgs
Zlst mbsls 2
6
=
:
<
Q
Q
Q
Q
1
3
4
Nj < jncnt
Q
Q
Lgcngllr
Q
Q
]upphrt
Q
9<
N
7<
N
~jncnt
N
Q Q
Q Q N N N
Dhurs 0-:0
Q
:2-200
Q
90
N
7200
N
~ngtlclr
N
Q
Q Q
Q Q
N N N
Vleleflr tdl stlps; 2 tdl ebtrnx? 6 tdl vbinj bs ebgy bs phssnfil? = hgl ngvbinj bt tnel. Qbinj mbsls brl tlstlj wntd twh tlst mbsls Zdlg ch ahr tdl ngvbinjs (hgiy hgl lbmd tnel).
Dhelwhro 0. Ght mhiilmtbfil Dhelwhro Hg ingl rlcnstrbtnhg systle ahr ugnvlrsnty Ngputs !
mhursl # (< jncnts bgj lxnst ng mhursl jbtbfbsl)
!
slelstlr # (2,6,=)
!
lgrhiill 2 ylbr ng bjvbgml
Hutputs !
stbtus ha tdl mibss rlqulstlj (mbgmliilj, hplg, mihsl)
!
lrrhr elssbcls fbslj hg ngput
!
4/61/20 6;<3 PE
_wllo 0= ” Mibss 0: ” ZulsjbyU
4/=2/20 6;<> PE
0. Arhe tdl ibst mibss !
Sl tbio bfhut Augmtnhgbi Zlstngc ” ]mlgbrnh-Fbslj (]bepingc ]trbtlcnls) Lqunvbilgml Pbrtntnhgngc bgj whro wntd shel lxbepils
!
Ilt us mdlmo tdl dhelwhro bfhut tdl ’Vlcnstrbtnhg ]ystle―
Pbrtntnhgs
Zlst mbsls 2
6
=
Q
Q
Q
:
<
1
3
4
Ingl # < jncnt ng JF
Q
9<
N
7<
N
~jncnt
N
< jncnt ght ng JF
N
N N N N
]lelstlr # 2
Q
6
Q
=
Q
htdlr
N
Q Q Q N
Hutput (stbtus) Mbgmli
Q
Hplg
Q
Mihslj
Q
Q Q Q
Hutput brl tlst vbrnbtnhgs. Sl wbgt th try lbmd ha tdle. Zdly brl inol ]tbtls. Mrlbtl sbepils ahr lbmd slelstlr bgj lbmd ]tbtus. Fut ght mhefngbtnhgs, flmbusl wl bssuel brl ngjlplgjlgts.
2. Pbplr :. Bg Ngtrhjumtnhg th ]mlgbrnh Zlstngc fy Mle Obglr !
Ahr lbmd smlgbrnh 2 hr ehrl tlst
!
]mlgbrnhs brl dnsthrnls tdbt brl ehtnvbtngc, bgj mrljnfil, mhepilx, bgj lbsy th lvbiubtl.
!
Jnaalrlgmls fltwllg rlqunrlelgts bgbiysns bgj mrlbtl tlst mbsls; Zlstlr lxpihnts jnsbcrllelgt.
Zdl ebng njlb ns th mrlbtl dnsthrnls (hrncngbi bgj bish tbolg arhe htdlrs snenibr systles) wntd hfklmts ngsnjl, wntd uslr (chhj bgj fbj) ngtlrbmtngc wntd tdl hfklmts, wntd systle lvlgts
2. Augmtnhgbi Zlstngc 2.2. ]bepingc ]trbtlcnls (]mlgbrnh| \sl Mbsl)-Fbslj 2.2.6. Fhugjbry Qbiul Bgbiysns !
Lbmd ha tdl ngputs ha tdl smlgbrnh eust fl tlstlj wntd ebx, eng bgj vbiuls brhugj tdl ebx bgj eng. (tlst tdl ljcls bgj brhugj tdl ljcls ha LP)
!
Lxbepil (Pbyrhii systle arhe tdl prlvnhus slssnhg); Pbrtntnhgs Dhurs 0-:0
Q
:2-200
Q
90
N
7200
N
~ngtlclr
N
(2) Zlst tdl Ljcls elbgs; 90 ? (6) Zlst brhugj tdl Ljcls;
0-:0 ? :2 -200 ? 7200
-2, 0, 2 =>, :0, :2 >>, 200, 202
=. Pbplr <. B rlvnlw ha Fhugjbry Qbiul Bgbiysns Zlmdgnquls fy Jbvnj K. Mhl. !
Abuit ” (ng ]pbgnsd; jlalmth) ngmhrrlmt stlp , prhmlss hr jbtb jlangntnhg ng b mheputlr prhcrbe. B abuit mbusls Abniurl. Jltlmt abuit flahrl mbusl b Abniurl.
!
Abniurl ” (ng ]pbgnsd; abiib) ngbfninty ha b prhcrbe hr mhephglgt th ellt nts augmtnhg.
!
]hatwbrl tlstngc njlgtnanls Abniurls, wdnmd ngjnmbtl tdl prlslgml ha hgl hr ehrl abuits. (Zdl chbi ha tlstngc ns th angj abuits!)
!
{AB\IZ - thilrbgt} ]hatwbrl ” Jltlmt tdl abuit bgj bvhnj tdl Abniurl!
!
]ngcil Qbrnbfil bgj Euitn-Qbrnbfil
:. Elrcngc LP bgj FQB !
LP wdlrl ngput ngjlplgjlgt.
!
FQB wdlrl
!
LP x FQB (fhtd bt tdl sbel tnel)
Ch fbmo th tdl prhfile;
Pbrtntnhgs Dhurs 0-:0
Q
:2-200
Q
90
N
7200
N
~ngtlclr
N
LP jlangls tdl ahiihwngc slmtnhgs 90 0-:0 :2-200 7200 FQB jlangls tdl ahiihwngcs vbiuls ahr lbmd slmtnhg -2 0, 2, =>, :0 :2, :6, >>, 200 202 Dnt tdl fhrjlr bgj brhugj tdlrl. FQB ns jhgl wntd NGP\Z fut mbg bish fl bfhut H\ZP\Z Lxbepil; ]upphsl tdbt tdl ebxneue mdlmo behugt tdbt tdl systle sdhuij clglrbtl ns $>,>>>.>> _ebxU na tdl prhcrbe ns Ngput ” Prhmlss ” Hutput tdlg mrlbtl ngput tdbt clglrbtl $>,>>>.>> >,>>>.>0 HO --- GH .>3 20000.00 rlklmt --- GH .0= Hutput FQB ns tlstngc (vbinjbtnhg bgj vlrnanmbtnhg) fut ns ehrl bfhut Vlvnlw & Ngsplmtnhg.
2. Augmtnhgbi Zlstngc 2.2. ]bepingc ]trbtlcnls (]mlgbrnh| \sl Mbsl)-Fbslj 2.2.=. Jlmnsnhg Zrlls, Jlmnsnhg Zbfils bgj JHL !
JHL 5 Jlsncg ha Lxplrnelgts
!
Zdns abeniy ha tlstngc tlmdgnquls brl ahr tlst mhefngbtnhgs ha JLPLGJLGZ Ngput!
!
Lxbepil Ngputs; - Musthelr _B,F,MU - Hrjlr _2- 2000U Hutput; - Jnsmhugt Vuils; 2. Musthelr B clts 0% jnsmhugt th 9 20 clts <% jnsmhugt th 20 ” >> clts 20% jnsmhugt 75 200 6. Musthelr F <% 9 20 2<% 20->> 6<% 75 200 =. Musthelr M 0% 9 20 60% 20->> 6<% 75200 Sntd LP, wl mbg jh = tlstngc mbsls Pbrtntnhgs
Zlst Mbsls 2
6
=
Musthelr B
Q
F
Q
M
Q
Q Q Q
Hrjlr 2->
Q
20->>
Q
200-2000
Q
Q Q Q
Zdl qulstnhg ns, brl tdhsl tdrll mbsls lghucd th tlst tdl wdhil systle. Ns nt phssnfil th sdnp tdl systle wntd hgiy tdns tlst8 Zdl bgswlr ns GH! Fut, ng tdns mbsl tdl typl ha musthelr bgj tdl behugt ha tdl hrjlr brl ght ngjlplgjlgt. ]h nt ns ght phssnfil th usl LP.
Jlmnsnhg Zbfils.
B
2
6
=
T
T
T
F
:
<
1
T
T
T
M 2->
T
20->> 20-200
T T
3
4
>
T
T
T
T T
T
T T
T
Gh tdngo bfhut b prhfile wdlrl yhu dbvl anvl ngputs vbiuls tdbt brl ght ngjlplgjlgt. A (B, F, M, J, L) bgj B dbvl : pbrtntnhgs, F <, M 20, J : bgj L =… tdns ebols 6:00 tlst mbsls tbfil, wdnmd ns ducl. Hgl wby th rljuml tdns ns rljumls tdl tlres. Ahr ngstbgml rlvnlwngc tdl pbrtntnhgs ha M wl mbg rljuml arhe 20 th =.
Htdlr wby ns th rljuml tdl gueflr ha ngputs, bgj ngstlbj ha tlstngc bii < ngputs bt tdl sbel tnel, wl ihho ahr wdnmd ngputs sdhuij fl rlbiiy tlstlj thcltdlr. Bgj wl encdt angj hut tdbt B,F,M dbs th fl tlstlj thcltdlr fut ght wntd J bgj L. !
Lxbepil Ng tdl prlvnhus lxbepil; Na wl bjj tdl J (N) mbsl th tdl musthelr, bgj wl bjj tdl vbiuls hut ha tdl fhugjbrnls, tdns ebol : pbrtntnhgs ahr musthelr bgj < th hrjlr behugt, wdbt ebols 60 tlst mbsls. Fut ng abmt ngstlbj ha dbvngc tdl 60 ha tdle, wl mbg ch wntd hgiy 26, tdl > fbsnms bgj tdlg hgiy tdrll lxtrbs SNZD LVVHV] NGJLPLGJLGZ]! 2
6
=
B
Q T
T
T
F
Q
M
Q
J (N)
N
2->
Q T
20->>
Q
20-
Q
:
<
1
3
4
>
20
22
26
T T
T
T
T T
T
T T
T T
T T
T
T T
T
T
200 92
N
72000
N
Zdns tlmdgnqul flmhels prbmtnmbi jhngc ’bssueptnhgs― Mhiuegs flmhels tlst mbsls!
Jlmnsnhg Zrll !
Musthelr
T T
B
h
h
h
!
2->
!
20->>
!
>>-200
!
2->
!
20->>
!
>>-200
!
2->
!
20->>
!
>>-200
F
M
GHZNML tdbt tdl jlmnsnhg trll clglrbtls tdl sbel > tlst mbsls bs tdl tbfil jlmnsnhg. Lbmd PBZD mhrrlsphgj wntd hgl Zlst Mbsl! Zrlls bgj Zbfils brl bgbihchus!
Dhelwhro
4/=2/20 6;<> PE
0. Ght mhiilmtbfil Dhelwhro Hgingl Hrjlrngc ]ystle Ngput !
prhjumt #
!
musthelr NJ
!
qubgtnty
Hutput !
sdnppngc mhst
Vuils th mbimuibtl tdl mhst
2. Na musthelr ns b 2 st tnel uslr, arll sdnppngc whrij wnjl. 6. Na tdl prhjumt ns b albturlj prhjumt hr qubgtnty ns 7200, tdlg arll \] sdnppngc. =. Htdlrwnsl stbgjbrj sdnppngc rbtls. Zdl pbrtntnhgs brl (hgiy vbinj mbsls);
b. musthelr (anrst tnel hr ght anrst tnel) f. prhjumt (albturlj hr ght) m. qubgtnty (95200 h 7200)
Bs Zlstlr stujy tdl prhfile, stujy tdl Ngputs bgj bttlept th tdngo bfhut vbrnbtnhgs bgj ehjli tdl tlst mbsls.
Zdl Jlmnsnhg Zrll !
musthelr •
2 tnel h
•
arll lbrtd sdnppngc (2st mbsl)
~ 2 tnel h
prhjumt !
albturlj
"
]dnppngc bt \]B •
"
Ghtb \]B •
!
arll us sdnppngc (6gj mbsl) ]tbgjbrj ]dnppngc
~albturlj "
qty •
7200 h
]dnppngc bt \]B !
h
Ght b \]B !
•
Arll \] ]dnppngc (=td mbsl) ]tbgjbrj ]dnppngc
95200 h
]tbgjbrj sdnppngc (:td mbsl)
Zdl tlst mbsls brl tdl PBZD] Zdns trll succlst : hr 1 tlst mbsls!
Zdl Jlmnsnhg Zbfil 2
6
=
:
Q
Q
Q
Q
<
1
3
4
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q Q
Q
Anrst tnel ^ls Gh Prhjumt Albturlj
Q
Q
Ght Albturlj
Q
Q
RZ^ 9200 7200
Q
Q Q
Zdns tbfil succlst 4 tlst mbsls!
Sdy8
Q Q
Q Q
Q
_wllo 0= ” Mibss 0< ” ZdursjbyU
>/6/20 6;:> PE
0. Arhe tdl ibst mibss !
Ibst mibss wl tbio bfhut jnaalrlgt ahres ha tlstngc bgj usl = tlmdgnquls, mhefngbthrnbi, jlmnsnhg tbfil bgj trlls.
!
Sl angnsd wntd b snepil prhfile bfhut hgingl hrjlr systle bgj wl hftbng : tlst mbsls wntd jlmnsnhg trll bgj 4 wntd tdl tbfil.
!
Puttngc bii Zhcltdlr; LP+FQ+JZZ Zdl trll ng tdl prhjumt ghjl -7 albturlj -7 sdnp \]B spint ng twh mbsls; ^ls bgj Gh. ^ls -7 Arll Gh -7 ]tbgjbrj ]dnppngc Zdl sbel dbpplgjs th Rty ghjl
!
Zdl trll dbvl 1 pbtds •
musthelr h
2 tnel !
h
arll lbrtd sdnppngc (2st mbsl)
~ 2 tnel !
prhjumt "
albturlj •
]dnppngc bt \]B h
•
Ghtb \]B h
"
arll us sdnppngc (6gj mbsl) ]tbgjbrj ]dnppngc
~albturlj •
qty h
7200 !
]dnppngc bt \]B "
!
Ght b \]B "
h
Arll \] ]dnppngc
95200
]tbgjbrj ]dnppngc
!
!
]tbgjbrj sdnppngc (1 td mbsl)
Jlmnsnhg tbfil 2
6
=
:
<
1
3
4
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
>
20
22
26
2=
2:
2<
21
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q Q
Q
2st tnel ^ls Gh Prhjumt Albturlj
Q
Q
Q
Q
Ght A.
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
\]B Bjj ^ls
Q
Q
Gh
Q
Q
Q Q
Q Q
Q
Q
RZ^ 9200 7200
Q
Q Q
Q Q
Q
Q Q
Q
Q Q
Q Q
Q Q
Sl dbvl 21 vs. 18 Vleleflr tdbt ahr ’anrst tnel uslr―, N jh ght mbrl bfhut Bgytdngc8 Ehst ha tdl tnel 1 tlst mbsls whuij fl suaanmnlgt, dhwlvlr wl encdt wbgt th jh tdl 21 kust th fl surl tdbt tdl prhcrbeelrs jh ght jh bgytdngc wrhgc.
2. Anrst Prhfile ng Mibss
]mlgbrnh-fbslj Zlstngc th b Zuntnhg ]ystle Ngputs
- ]tbtus (ngstbtl, hutstbtl) - Dhurs # - Jlplgjlgt ha ugnvlrsnty lepihyelgt
Q
Vbtls
- Ng-stbtl; $<0/dr ahr anrst 26drs bgj $100 726 - Hut-stbtl; $<00/drs ahr anrst 26drs bgj $1000 7 26 - Jlplgjbgt; Vlmlnvl <0% jnsmhugt ght ebttlr na nt ns ng-stbtl hr hut-st
!
Jlmnsnhg Zrll •
]tbtus h
Ng-stbtl !
Jlplgjbgt "
^ls •
Dhurs 9526 h
•
Dhurs 726 h
"
Dhurs 9526 h
•
$<0/dr
Dhurs 726 h
100/dr
Hut-stbtl !
Jlplgjbgt "
^ls •
Dhurs 9526 h
•
"
$6<0/dr
Dhurs 726 h
=000/dr
Gh •
Dhurs 9526 h
•
$<00/dr
Dhurs 726 h
!
=00/dr
Gh •
h
$6
1000/dr
Jlmnsnhg Zbfil
2 ]tbtus
6
=
:
<
1
3
4
Ng
T
Hut
T T
T
T
T
T
T
Dhurs 9526
T
T
726
T T
T
T
T
T T
T
T
T
Jlplgj ^ls
T
T
Gh
T
T
Ng tdns mbsl fhtd trll bgj tbfil clglrbtl tdl sbel behugt ha tlst mbsls. Sdlg funijngc b trll nt mhuij clt jnaalrlgt gueflr ha tlst mbsls jlplgjngc hg wntd wdnmd ngput yhu stbrt. Zdl tbfil ns rlmheelgjlj th ahrml us ng tdngo bfhut mhefngbtnhgs! Fut Zrlls sdhw slqulgmls!
6. ]lmhgj Prhfile ng Mibss
Mhefngngc LP x FQB x JZ ]ll tdl jhmuelgt; Jbtb Fbsl Lxlrmnsl. (lgtry vbinjbtnhg) Anrst stlp; ihho tdl ngputs. Bii tdl ngputs brl tdl hgls ugjlringlj. 2
6
=..<
Q
Q
Q
1
3
3
Q
Q
Pbrt # Ng inst Gh ng inst
N
Pbrt stbtus mhjl Glw Hij \goghwg Vlq. Ngvlgthry
Q
Q Q Q
Q
4
Z
Phsntnvl Ngtlclr
Q
Q
]pbmls
Q Q
Q
]uppinlr Ng JF bgj PP
Q
Ng JF ght ng PP
Q
GH ng JF Buth Vlhrjlr Aibc ^
Q
G
Q
Vlhrjlr Rty Phsntnvl Ngtlclr
Q
Q
Q
Q
Htdlr Vlebngngc Ngv Z Phsntnvl Ngtlclr Htdlr Purmdbsl Zlres Phsntnvl Ngtlclr
Q
Fibgo
Q
Pbrt prnml Jhiibr vbiul
Q
Q
Q
Htdlr
(sbel mhihr elbgs jlplgjlgmy) Zdly brl ght ngjlplgjlgt sh ght usl LP Jlmnsnhg Zbfil mhuij clglrbtl 22<6 mhefngbtnhgs ;-( Fut tdly brl ght bii jlplgjlgt. ]h wl mbg mhefngl! Ngjlplgjlgts; Pbrt # y Pbrt Prnml. Jlplgjlgts Pbrt ]tbtus Mhjl y Vlq. Ngvlgthry. Jlplgjlgts ]uppinlr y Purmdbsl Zlre. Jlplgjlgts Buth Vlhrjlr Aibc, Vlhrjlr Rty y Vlebngngc Ngvlgthry. !
Sl brl chngc th dbvl = th < vbinj Zlst Mbsls, mrlbtngc vbinj sntubtnhgs
!
Mbsl 1 ns bg ngvbinj hptnhg ahr ngput ngjlplgjlgt 2
!
Mbsl 3 ns bg ngvbinj mhefngbtnhg ha ngput 6 bgj = tdbt brl jlplgjlgts
!
Mrlbtl Qbinj Ngputs bgj Qbinj Mhefngbtnhgs
!
Zdlg Mrltl Ngvbinj ngputs bgj Ngvbinj Mhefngbtnhg slpbrbtliy. Zdl angbi tbfil dbs bpprhxnebtliy < tlst mbsls ahr vbinj bgj b thtbi ha 2= th 2: tlst mbsls.
Bgj bt tdl lgj FQB ;-h Zdns tdrll tlmdgnquls thcltdlr ng rlbi prhfiles
Dhelwhro Vlbj tdl pbplrs bfhut ehjli fbslj Zlstngc. 2. Chij Prbmtnml; Ehjli Fbslj Zlstngc 6. B survly ha Ehjli Jrnvlg Zlstngc Zlmdgnquls =. Ehjli Fbslj Zlstngc \sngc ]hatwbrl Brmdntlmturl
>/6/20 6;:> PE
_wllo 0: ” Mibss 01 ” ZulsjbyU
>/3/20 =;00 PE
0. Arhe tdl ibst mibss !
Sl dbvl fllg whrongc wntd sbepingc jbtb bgj sygmdrhghus tlstngc tlmdgnquls.
!
VLR FB]LJ ZL]ZNGC ZLMDGNR\L] brl bppinmbfil th bii ilvlis; \gnt Zlstngc, ]ystle Zlstngc, ltm.
!
Ahr sbepingc wl sll; LP, FQ, Jlmnsnhg trll bgj Jlmnsnhg tbfil
2. Bsygmdrhghus Zlstngc
!
Zdl ongc ha tlstngc tdbt wl wnii wdlg tdlrl brl ngput tdbt mbg tbol pibml ng bgy phngt ng tnel jurngc tdl lxlmutnhg.
!
]tbrt wnt b snepil lxbepil
!
ZNEL INGL; systle lgcngllrngc thhi ahr ihhongc ng b smlgbrnh.
!
Lxbepil Hgl;
BZE systle ng b ’ghrebi― smlgbrnh. ]lqulgml; 2. Musthelr ngslrt b mbrj 6. Musthelr rlqulst wntdjrbw =. \pjbtl bmmhugt :. Jnsphsl mbsd <. Zbol mbsd
Fut, wdbt dbpplgs na; 2. ihst ha phwlr (ng bgy phngt ha tnel)
!
Lxbepil Zwh;
Zdl ’mbii wbntngc― albturl ng b mli pdhgl. B tbiongc wntd F, M trnls th mbii B. Sl wnii dbvl b tnel ingl ahr b ghrebi smlgbrnh. 2. B lgtlr jncnts ahr F 6. B prlssls slgj futthg =. Gltwhro mhgglmts th F :. F ingl ns rngcngc <. F bgswlr 1. B bgj F tbongc Jurngc tdns tnel ingl mhuij dbpplg sygmdrhghus lvlgts. Ahr ngstbgt, M mbiingc B.
F\Z wdbt dbpplglj na; M mhuij mbii B jurngc jnaalrlgt phngt ng tdl tnel ingl. !
M mbiis wdlg B ns lgtlrngc tdl jncnts. B„s pdhgl wnii rngc.
!
M mbiis kust ng tdl sbel tnel B dnt tdl slgj futthg. B wnii bgswlr M„s mbiingc.
!
M mbiis wdlg tdl gltwhro ns tryngc th mhgglmts F. ^hu encdt ihst tdl mbii.
!
M mbiis wdlg F ingl ns rngcngc. Na B clt tdl mbii, jhls F clt hg dhij 8
Zdlsl lxbepils brl th niiustrbtl tdlsl tlmdgnquls smlgbrnh-fbslj. Bgj sll wdbt dbpplg wdlg bg bsygmdrhghus lvlgt dbpplg jurngc b tnel-ingl. Zdlsl bsygmdrhghus lvlgts mhuij kust dbpplg hr ngtlrrupt tdl tnel-ingl.
_wllo 0: ” Mibss 01 ” ZulsjbyU
>/3/20 =;00 PE
2. Augmtnhgbi Zlstngc 2.6. Vlqunrlelgt-Fbslj Zlmdgnquls 2.6.2. Ehjli-Fbslj Zlstngc (Pbplr 1,3,4) \sl tdl ehjli th clglrbtl tdl shiutnhg \EI thhi th mrlbtl tdl ehjli ha tdl systle Bgj wl mbg mrlbtl tdl nepilelgtbtnhg arhe tdl ehjli!
6. Pbplr 1. Chij Prbmtnml, Ehjli Fbslj Zlstngc !
EFZ ns tdl buthebtnm clglrbtnhg ha laanmnlgt tlst prhmljurls usngc ehjlis.
!
Ehjli, lxplmtlj ngput, lxplmtlj hutput, rug tlst, mhepbrl hutput.
!
Zlmdgnquls th funij tdl ehjli; jlmnsnhg tbfil, angntl stbtl ebmdngl, crbeebrs, Ebrohv mdbngs, stbtl mdbrts (\EI).
=. Pbplr 3. B survly ha Ehjli-Jrnvlg Zlstngc Zlmdgnquls !
\EI ahr ehjlis
!
\EI Zlstngc Prhanil (lxtlgsnhg ha \EI) (FPLI) ” Fusnglss Prhmlss Lxlmutnhg Ibgcubcl. \slj ahr slrvnmls! Fhtd jlsmrnfl fldbvnhr!
!
]urvly; 2. Fbslj hg ibgcubcls uslj 6. Jlcrll ha buthebtnm clglrbtnhg ha tlst smlgbrnh =. Zlstngc tbrclt; - nepilelgtbtnhg ’mhjl―
- bfstrbmt ehjli (sneuibtnhg) :. Zhhis supphrts !
]\Z (systle ugjlr tlst)
!
Ahr ]hatwbrl Brmdntlmturl; Vlqunrlelgts -7 Jlsncg ng \EI
!
Ahr ]hatwbrl Zlstngc; Vlqunrlelgts -7 Jlsncg ng \EI Zlstngc Prhanil
Fut tdns ns ght tdl chbi ha tdl mibss!!
:. Pbplr 4. Ehjli Fbslj Zlstngc \sngc ]hatwbrl Brmdntlmturl !
]hatwbrl Brmdntlmturl - usl \EI - hr usl BJI (brmdntlmturl jlsmrnptnhg ibgcubcl)
!
]ygtbxls bgj slebgtnms
!
Zdl pbplr tbio bfhut b tlmdgnqul mbiilj bmel jlvlihp fy BFIL/ME\
!
Lxbepil wntd b minlgt / slrvlr systle
!
Zdl njlb mhgglmt ehjli bgj tlst
!
\EI Zlst Prhanil allj ngth Zhhis, inol K\gnt
Ghw ilt put tdl tdlhry ng prbmtnml!
<. ]tbtl Ebmdngls
!
Sl brl chngc th niiustrbtl dhw th jh Ehjli-Fbslj tlstngc wntd ]tbtl 6= :0<"1#* )"(* 3
Ebmdngls
!"#$ &'( "
.(('(
)"(* !
Lxbepil; BZE Ebmdngl 5= 7$'1.0 )"(*
8
4= >"1#* )"(* 3 ,(';,$ &'( " ?:9
+",$-(. !"#$#02 &'(
$/. )"(*
" ,#0 B @
J= @"* ?:9 3 L.$(F
J= @"* ?:9
A= >"1#* ?:9
A= >"1#* ?:9
!"#$#02 &'( " ,#0 3 50*
J= @"* ?:9
!"#$#02 &'( " $("0M")$#'0
+
C
!"#$#02 &'(
A= >"1#* ?:9
" ,#0 3 40* D
!
]h na tdns ns tdl wby tdl systle whros Zlst Lbmd Pbtd. Ahr lbmd stbtl try lbmd ngput hr stneuibtls
!
]tbtl ebmdngl Mhvlrbcl; th rlbmd lbmd stbtl bgj tlst lbmd stneuin hr lvlgt arhe tdl stbtl.
!
Sl gllj th fl surl tdbt lbmd stbtl ns tlstlj bgj mhvlrlj.
!
Zry th tlst lbmd lvlgt/stbtl/lvlgt mhefngbtnhg (=, 2)(:,2) (=,6)(:,6) (=,3)(:,3)
!
Ilt us sll b ]nepil Sby th bttlept th bmdnlvl tdns mhvlrbcl
Zlstngc mhvlr mrlbtnhg !
= stlp prhmlss; 2. jlvlihp b stbtl tlstngc trll arhe tdl angbi stbtl ebmdngl 6. njlgtnay tlst slqulgmls arhe tdl trll (pbtds) =. jlvlihp tlsts tdbt tdl mhgtbng tdl slqulgmls (stbrt
!
" lgj/tlrengbi
stbtl)
]ZLP 2. Jlvlihp ]tbtl Zlstngc Zrll 2. ]tbrt stbtl 5 VHHZ. Arhe tdl lxbepil nt whuij fl B. 6. 2st. ilvli. Njlgtnay tdl lvlgts bgj glw stbtls rlbmdlj arhe tdl rhht. Arhe tdl lxbepil nt whuij ngmiujls; B -72 -7 B (B-2) B-7 6 -7 A (A-6)
B-7 = -7 F (F-=) wdlrl tdl anrst ilttlr ns tdl stbtl rlbmdlj bgj tdl gueflr ngjnmbtls tdl lvlgt. =. 6gj bgj rlebngngc ilvlis, lxpbgj lbmd stbtl ght prlvnhusiy lxpbgjlj ng tdl trll F -7 : -7 J (J-:) F -7 < -7 M (M-<) M -7 : -7 J (J-:) M -7 < -7 L (L-<) L -7 : -7 J (J-:) L -7 < -7 A (L-<)
!
]ZLP 6. Njlgtnay Zlst ]lqulgmls (Pbtd) Zdl tlrengbi stbtls ng tdns lxbepil brl J bgj A. 2 6 =,: =,<,: =,<,<,: =,<,<,<
!
]tlp =. Jlvlihp Zlst Mbsls Zdbt Mhgtbngs Zdl ]lqulgmls Sl gllj th ngmiujl tdl slqulgmls ng tdl lxbmt hrjlr!! Z2 mhuij fl 2, =,: tdns ngmiujl (2) (=,:) Z6 mhuij fl 6 Z= mhuij fl =,:,< Z: mhuij fl =,<,<,:
Z< mhuij fl =,<,<,< Zdl chbi ns ght tdl engneue fut na wl mbg nt ns ho. Ng tdns mbsl wl dbvl < tlst mbsls th mhvlr 1 pbtds. =,: ns jnaalrlgt arhe =,<,: (rleleflr sbel hrjlr)
Dhelwhro
>/3/20 =;00 PE
Vlbj tdl Glxt Pbplrs 0>. Zdl BLZC ]ystle, Bg Bpprhbmd th Zlstngc Fbslj hg Mhefngbthrnbi Jlsncg 20. Buthebtlj Mhefngbthrnbi Zlst Eltdhjs ” Flyhgj Pbnr wnsl Zlstngc 22. Bg ngghvbtnvl bpprhbmd ahr Zlstngc Fnhngahrebtnms Prhcrbes \sngc Eltbehrpdnm Zlstngc
_wllo 0: ” Mibss 03 ” ZdursjbyU
>/>/20 6;<1 PE
(
2. Mhgtngul wntd Ehjli Fbslj Zlstngc Zlmdgnquls. ' $
) * / ,
!
& + % .
!
]ZLP 2. Funij tdl trll B -7 2 -7 F B -7 6 -7 B B -7 = -7 M F-7 : -7 B F-7 < -7 J M -7> -7 L J -7 1 -7 M J -7 3 -7J J -7 4 -7 L Jh ght lxtlgj prlvnhus vnsntlj ghjls! Zbol mbrl ha ILQLI]
!
]ZLP 6. ]lqulgmls 2,: 2,<,1 2,<,3 2,<,4 6, =,>
!
]ZLP =. Zlst Mbsls Bii ha tdle sdhuij stbrt wntd B bgj angnsd hg L 2,<,4 =,> 2,:,=,> 6,2,:,=,> 2,<,3,3,4 2,<,1,> 6,=,>
_wllo 0: ” Mibss 03 ” ZdursjbyU
>/>/20 6;<1 PE
2. Augmtnhgbi Zlstngc 2.:. Jlsncg ha Lxplrnelgts (JHL) !
]h abr wl dbvl mhvlrlj tdns; LP FQB Jlmnsnhg Zrll bgj Jlmnsnhg Zbfils Ehjli-Fbslj Ehjli-Fbslj Zlstngc ]tbtl Fbslj Zlstngc (stbtl ebmdngl)
!
Ghw wl wnii rlvnlw b glw tlmdgnqul; Jlsncg ha lxplrnelgts (JhL)
!
]heltnels mbiilj Pbnr-wnsl Ngtlrbmtnhg tlstngc
!
Sl dbvl th fl mbrlaui wdlg wl usl tdns tlmd
!
Ns shugj mhhi fut shel tnels mhuij fl jnaanmuit bgj mbusl ehrl prhfiles tdbg shiutnhgs
!
Zdns ns ahr jlmnsnhg tbfils tdbt brl Zhh ibrcl (b iht mhefngbtnhgs)
!
Lxbepil Hgl; Ilt sll tdl ahiihwngc prhfile; Plrahrebgml tlstngc ahr b mbr; Lgcngl (= hptnhgs); hptnhgs); =.0, =.0, =.4, =.4, <.0 Zrbgsenssnhg (6 hptnhgs); ebgubi, ebgubi, buth Fhjy styil (6 hptnhgs); hptnhgs) ; 6Jhhrs, 6Jhhrs, :Jhhrs Znrls (6 hptnhgs); hptnhgs); ghrebi, dncd plrahrebgml
!
Dbvngc bii tdns ngputs wl wnii dbvl 6: phssnfil mhgancurbtnhgs (=*6*6*6 hptnhgs 5 6: mhgancurbtnhgs) mhgancurbtnhgs) Fut Nt mhuij fl lxdbustnvl
!
JHL ( nt ns b sbepingc tlmdgnqul). tlmdgnqul). Ngstlbj ha tlst bii, usl sebii sbepil.
!
JHL ” Pbnr Snsl Mhefngbtnhg Zlstngc
!
]tlps; 2. Njlgtnay tdl ngputs pbrbeltlrs th tdl ]\Z (systlebtnm ugjlr Zlst) 6. Pbrtntnhg tdl ngputs/ mrlbtl sbepils (rleleflr LP) =. ]plmnay mhgstrbngts prhdnfnt mhefngbtnhgs. mhefngbtnhgs. Ng shel systles sheltdngc mbg ght dbpplg thcltdlr, ahr ngstbgml dbvngc twh futthgs th fl prlsslj bt tdl sbel tnel. Zdns whuij b rlstrnmtnhg. :. Jlvlihp tlst wnmd sbtnsay; Ahr bgy twh pbrbeltlrs/ngputs P2 bgj P6 bgj ahr bgy pbrtntnhg vbiul Q2 ahr P2 bgj Q6 ahr P6 tdlrl ns b tlst wdlrl P2 dbs tdl vbiul Q2 bgj P6 dbs tdl vbiul Q6.
!
Lxbepil Zwh; P2 (= vbiuls v2, v6, v=) bgj P6 (v:, v<) , P= ( : pbrtntnhgs), P: (2 pbrtntnhg), P< (6 pbrtntnhg) ng ]\Z (systle ugjlr tlst) sh :4 jnaalrlgt mhefngbtnhgs.
!
Lxbepil Hgl (mhgtngubtnhg); Zbol tdl mhiueg wntd ehrl vbiuls P2 mhefngl wntd b slmhgj mhiueg. Qlrnay tdbt mhefngbtnhgs brl sbtnsanlj. Lgcngl (=)
Zrbgsntnhg(6)
Fhjy(6)
Znrls(6)
=.0
B
6J
G
=.0
E
:J
DP
=.4
B
6J
DP
=.4
E
:J
G
<.0
B
:J
DP
<.0
E
6J
G
^hu mbg jh 6: mbsls (bii) fut fut JHL wbrrbgty tdbt tdbt tdns 1 brl lghucd. lghucd.
!
Lxbepil Zdrll MP\ - B F M H] ” J L D JF ” A, C Bii mhefngbtnhgs brl 24
!
Sntd Pbnr wnsl mhefngbtnhg tlstngc bt ilbst >.
!
Zdl pbrbeltlrs wntd tdl ehst gueflr ha vbiuls (= lbmd) tdbt whuij clglrbtl > mhefngbtnhg, tdns whuij fl tdl engneue gueflr ha mhefngbtnhgs.
!
Zh mrlbtl tdl inst, anrst mrlbtl bii phssnfil mhefngbtnhgs ha tdl twh pbrtntnhgs wntd tdl crlbtlr gueflr ha vbiuls. Bgj tdlg mhepiltl tdl tdnrj mhiueg bssurngc tdbt wl dbvl b mhefngbtnhg tdbt mhvlrs bii hptnhgs. GHZL; Zdl tbfil flihw ns ght mhepiltl, nt ns glljlj th mhepiltl tdl tdnrj mhiueg.
!
MVLBZL BG HVZHCHGBI BVVB^
!
]hatwbrl ahr tdns; BLZC, Biipbnrs, tvcuwe.
"
B
J
A
B
L
C
B
D
A
F
J
A
F
L
C
F
D
C
M
J
C
M
L
A
M
D
A
6. Pbplr >. Zdl BLZC ]ystle; Bg Bpprhbmd th Zlstngc Fbslj hg Mhefngbtnhgbi Jlsncg !
Jlsmrnfl b thhi th jh JHL
!
Fbsnm mhefngbthrnbi jlsncg pbrbjnce
!
]ll Zbfil >.
=. Pbplr 20. Buthebtlj Mhefngbthrnbi Zlst Eltdhjs ” Flyhgj Pbnr wnsl Zlstngc !
Zdly rlvnlw pbnr wnsl bs bg ngtrhjumtnhgs
!
\ginol pbnr wnsl tlmdgnqul ngstlbj ha tlstngc ng pbnr, wl mbg tbol crhups ha ngputs, ahr ngstbgml P2-P6-P= hr P2-P6-P:. Zdns whuij dlip, fut nt ns ongj ha jnaanmuit. ]h dlrl ns wlrl buthebtnhg mhels 5)!.
:. Prhfile bfhut Jbtbfbsl !
4 ngputs wntd 6 h = pbrtntnhgs lbmd hgl.
!
Bppiyngc pbnr wnsl wnii fl > tlst (flmbusl wl dbvl 6 mbsls wntd = pbrtntnhgs (tbol tdl 6 wntd ehrl pbrtntnhgs bgj euitnpiy).
!
Na wl usl pbnr-wnsl mhefngbtnhg, wl wnii dbvl bs engneue bs > tlst mbsls, fut jhls tdns tlst mbsls whuij fl lghucd8... Gh jul tdl jlplgjlgmy wl dbvl ng tdl ngputs. Zdns dbpplg lvlg na wl usl b =x hr :x aibvhr ha pbnr-wnsl. Dlrl ebyfl nt ns jh ght chngc th whro … Sdy8 Flmbusl jlplgjlgmls Zdns tlmdgnqul eust fl b vlry mbrlaui!!! Pbnr wnsl mhefngbtnhgs mhij mbusl prhfiles. ZDN] ns chhj ahr mhgancurbtnhg tlstngc! ]heltdngc tdbt ebol slgsl N try tdns bgj tdbt! Zdns shatwbrl ngtlrbmt wntd tdns jlvnml jrnvlr fy lxbepil hr ahr plrahrebgml hr strlss tlstngc
Zdns ns bish uslj ahr Ngtlrbmtnhg Zlstngc fltwllg Fibmo fhxls.
_wllo 0: ” Mibss 03 ” ZdursjbyU
>/>/20 6;<1 PE
2. Augmtnhgbi Zlstngc 2.:. Jlsncg ha Lxplrnelgts (JHL) !
]h abr wl dbvl mhvlrlj tdns; LP FQB Jlmnsnhg Zrll bgj Jlmnsnhg Zbfils Ehjli-Fbslj Zlstngc ]tbtl Fbslj Zlstngc (stbtl ebmdngl)
!
Ghw wl wnii rlvnlw b glw tlmdgnqul; Jlsncg ha lxplrnelgts (JhL)
!
]heltnels mbiilj Pbnr-wnsl Ngtlrbmtnhg tlstngc
!
Sl dbvl th fl mbrlaui wdlg wl usl tdns tlmd
!
Ns shugj mhhi fut shel tnels mhuij fl jnaanmuit bgj mbusl ehrl prhfiles tdbg shiutnhgs
!
Zdns ns ahr jlmnsnhg tbfils tdbt brl Zhh ibrcl (b iht mhefngbtnhgs)
!
Lxbepil Hgl; Ilt sll tdl ahiihwngc prhfile; Plrahrebgml tlstngc ahr b mbr; Lgcngl (= hptnhgs); =.0, =.4, <.0 Zrbgsenssnhg (6 hptnhgs); ebgubi, buth Fhjy styil (6 hptnhgs); 6Jhhrs, :Jhhrs Znrls (6 hptnhgs); ghrebi, dncd plrahrebgml
!
Dbvngc bii tdns ngputs wl wnii dbvl 6: phssnfil mhgancurbtnhgs (=*6*6*6 hptnhgs 5 6: mhgancurbtnhgs) Fut Nt mhuij fl lxdbustnvl
!
JHL ( nt ns b sbepingc tlmdgnqul). Ngstlbj ha tlst bii, usl sebii sbepil.
!
JHL ” Pbnr Snsl Mhefngbtnhg Zlstngc
!
]tlps; 2. Njlgtnay tdl ngputs pbrbeltlrs th tdl ]\Z (systlebtnm ugjlr Zlst) 6. Pbrtntnhg tdl ngputs/ mrlbtl sbepils (rleleflr LP) =. ]plmnay mhgstrbngts prhdnfnt mhefngbtnhgs. Ng shel systles sheltdngc mbg ght dbpplg thcltdlr, ahr ngstbgml dbvngc twh futthgs th fl prlsslj bt tdl sbel tnel. Zdns whuij b rlstrnmtnhg. :. Jlvlihp tlst wnmd sbtnsay; Ahr bgy twh pbrbeltlrs/ngputs P2 bgj P6 bgj ahr bgy pbrtntnhg vbiul Q2 ahr P2 bgj Q6 ahr P6 tdlrl ns b tlst wdlrl P2 dbs tdl vbiul Q2 bgj P6 dbs tdl vbiul Q6.
!
Lxbepil Zwh; P2 (= vbiuls v2, v6, v=) bgj P6 (v:, v<) , P= ( : pbrtntnhgs), P: (2 pbrtntnhg), P< (6 pbrtntnhg) ng ]\Z (systle ugjlr tlst) sh :4 jnaalrlgt mhefngbtnhgs.
!
Lxbepil Hgl (mhgtngubtnhg); Zbol tdl mhiueg wntd ehrl vbiuls P2 mhefngl wntd b slmhgj mhiueg. Qlrnay tdbt mhefngbtnhgs brl sbtnsanlj. Lgcngl (=)
Zrbgsntnhg(6)
Fhjy(6)
Znrls(6)
=.0
B
6J
G
=.0
E
:J
DP
=.4
B
6J
DP
=.4
E
:J
G
<.0
B
:J
DP
<.0
E
6J
G
^hu mbg jh 6: mbsls (bii) fut JHL wbrrbgty tdbt tdns 1 brl lghucd.
!
Lxbepil Zdrll MP\ - B F M H] ” J L D JF ” A, C Bii mhefngbtnhgs brl 24
!
Sntd Pbnr wnsl mhefngbtnhg tlstngc bt ilbst >.
!
Zdl pbrbeltlrs wntd tdl ehst gueflr ha vbiuls (= lbmd) tdbt whuij clglrbtl > mhefngbtnhg, tdns whuij fl tdl engneue gueflr ha mhefngbtnhgs.
!
Zh mrlbtl tdl inst, anrst mrlbtl bii phssnfil mhefngbtnhgs ha tdl twh pbrtntnhgs wntd tdl crlbtlr gueflr ha vbiuls. Bgj tdlg mhepiltl tdl tdnrj mhiueg bssurngc tdbt wl dbvl b mhefngbtnhg tdbt mhvlrs bii hptnhgs. GHZL; Zdl tbfil flihw ns ght mhepiltl, nt ns glljlj th mhepiltl tdl tdnrj mhiueg.
!
MVLBZL BG HVZHCHGBI BVVB^
!
]hatwbrl ahr tdns; BLZC, Biipbnrs, tvcuwe.
"
B
J
A
B
L
C
B
D
A
F
J
A
F
L
C
F
D
C
M
J
C
M
L
A
M
D
A
6. Pbplr >. Zdl BLZC ]ystle; Bg Bpprhbmd th Zlstngc Fbslj hg Mhefngbtnhgbi Jlsncg !
Jlsmrnfl b thhi th jh JHL
!
Fbsnm mhefngbthrnbi jlsncg pbrbjnce
!
]ll Zbfil >.
=. Pbplr 20. Buthebtlj Mhefngbthrnbi Zlst Eltdhjs ” Flyhgj Pbnr wnsl Zlstngc !
Zdly rlvnlw pbnr wnsl bs bg ngtrhjumtnhgs
!
\ginol pbnr wnsl tlmdgnqul ngstlbj ha tlstngc ng pbnr, wl mbg tbol crhups ha ngputs, ahr ngstbgml P2-P6-P= hr P2-P6-P:. Zdns whuij dlip, fut nt ns ongj ha jnaanmuit. ]h dlrl ns wlrl buthebtnhg mhels 5)!.
:. Prhfile bfhut Jbtbfbsl !
4 ngputs wntd 6 h = pbrtntnhgs lbmd hgl.
!
Bppiyngc pbnr wnsl wnii fl > tlst (flmbusl wl dbvl 6 mbsls wntd = pbrtntnhgs (tbol tdl 6 wntd ehrl pbrtntnhgs bgj euitnpiy).
!
Na wl usl pbnr-wnsl mhefngbtnhg, wl wnii dbvl bs engneue bs > tlst mbsls, fut jhls tdns tlst mbsls whuij fl lghucd8... Gh jul tdl jlplgjlgmy wl dbvl ng tdl ngputs. Zdns dbpplg lvlg na wl usl b =x hr :x aibvhr ha pbnr-wnsl. Dlrl ebyfl nt ns jh ght chngc th whro … Sdy8 Flmbusl jlplgjlgmls Zdns tlmdgnqul eust fl b vlry mbrlaui!!! Pbnr wnsl mhefngbtnhgs mhij mbusl prhfiles. ZDN] ns chhj ahr mhgancurbtnhg tlstngc! ]heltdngc tdbt ebol slgsl N try tdns bgj tdbt! Zdns shatwbrl ngtlrbmt wntd tdns jlvnml jrnvlr fy lxbepil hr ahr plrahrebgml hr strlss tlstngc
Zdns ns bish uslj ahr Ngtlrbmtnhg Zlstngc fltwllg Fibmo fhxls.
Dhelwhro
Bssncgelgt 6. Albturl Ngtlrbmtnhg Zlstngc. !
Sdbt ns tdns8
!
Bpprhbmdls8
Lxbe !
Ilmturl
!
Pbplrs
>/>/20 6;<1 PE
_wllo 0< ” Mibss 04 ” ZulsjbyU
>/2:/20 6;<3 PE
2. Pbplr 22. Bg Ngghvbtnvl Bpprhbmd ahr Zlstngc Fnhngahrebtnms Prhcrbes \sngc Eltbehrpdnm Zlstngc. !
Fnhngahrebtnms prhcrbes; hrcbgnzl bgj bgbiyzl ibrcl & mhepilx fnhihcnmbi jbtbslt.
!
Ngvhol mhepilx bichrntdes th lxtrbmt uslaui ngahrebtnhg.
!
Zlst mbsl; ngput -7 lxplmtlj rlsuits
!
Zlstngc ’hrbmil― prhfile 2- G-vlrsnhg prhcrbeengc Ngput th slvlrbi vlrsnhg ha tdl prhcrbe (v2, v6, v=) bgj mhepbrl. (vlrsnhg elbgs whrongc nepilelgtbtnhgs)
!
Eltbehrpdnm Zlstngc; !
Fllg bfil th ihho bt tdl ngput jhebng bgj slbrmd ’VLB]HGBFIL― hutputs.
!
Jlangl prhplrtnls bfhut tdl hutput.
!
Bghtdlr lxbepil; crbpd bgbiysns; slbrmd ahr sdhrtlst pbtd (C,b,f)
!
Bghtdlr lxbepil; crbpdnms (ducl jbtb slts) Ehvngc b Incdt shurml th mbusl b sdbjhw
!
Ng sueebry, tdl njlb tdbt tlstngc gllj ngputs bgj prljlanglj hutputs whros vlry wlii ng tdlhry, fut tdlrl brl b iht ha anlijs wdlrl tdns jh ght whro ng tdl sbel wby. ]h tdl eltdhjs rlvnlwlj bfhvl mhuij dlip ahr tdlsl anlijs.
6. ]trumturl-Fbslj Zlstngc (Sdntl Fhx Zlstngc) !
B wdntl fhx tlstngc eltdhjs clts nts gbel jul tdl abmt nt sll tdl mhjl. \ginol fibmo fhx tlstngc eltdhjs tdbt brl bii fbslj hgiy ng rlqunrlelgts.
!
Zlgj th fl tlmdgnquls th fl bppinlj ngth ihwlr ilvli (sebii ugnts ha mhjl) ugnt, slrvnmls, mhephglgts. Ght ahr lgtnrl systles Ght aht Ngtlcrbtnhg hr Rubinanmbtnhg Ilvli ha Zlstngc
Zwh mbtlchrnls !
]tbtnm Zlmdgnquls Bgbiysns ha tdl mhjl. Lxbepil; syefhinm lxlmutnhg.
!
Jygbenm Zlmdgnquls Lxlmutl tdl mhjl; rug ahr tlst. •
•
]trumturl - mhgtrhi aihw. h
]tbtlelgt mhvlrbcl
h
Jlmnsnhg mhvlrbcl
h
Jlmnsnhg-Mhgjntnhg Mhvlrbcl
h
Euitnpil jlmnsnhg Mhvlrbcl
Jbtb aihw
=. ]tbtlelgt Mhvlrbcl !
Jlvlihp tlst mbsls sumd tdbt lvlry stbtlelgt ns lxlmutl bt ilbst hgml
!
Lxbepil na b 920 hr f7< (2) tdlg x9-<0 (6) lisl x 9-0? na w 5 < hr y70 (=) tdlg z9-:4 (:) lisl z9-
!
Aihw Mdbrt 5 Mhgtrhi Aihw Jnbcrbe. Zlst prljnmbtl (jnbehgj) ]tbtlelgt (hvbi)
!
: stbtlelgt ng tdl prlvnhus mhjl
!
Pbtd Zlstngc th Zlstngc th lxlmutl lvlry Pbtd ngth tdl mhjl! Zlstngc strbtlcy lxlmutl bii pbtd ngth tdl mhjl
!
Ihhps brl chngc th ebol tdl gueflrs ha pbtds fncclr. ]h pbtd mhvlrbcl ns mhepinmbtl.
!
Qbiuls ha (b, f, w, y) th lxlmutl bii stbtlelgts (wntd 6 mbsls wl jh nt)! b 5 0, f50, w50, y50 (lxlmutl 2 bgj :) b520, f5:, w5<, y 5 jhg„t mbrl (lxlmutl 6 bgj =) Sdnt tdlsl twh tlsts mbsls wl brl mhvlrngc bii tdl stbtlelgts.
!
Dhwlvlr, tdns ongj ha tlstngc ns tdl engneue gllj. ABB J0234F stbgjbrj / flst prbmtnmls; 2. stbtlelgts 200% stbtlelgt mhvlrbcl!
!
Mhepnilrs dlip us th jh tdbt. Fy lxbepil tdl PVHANILV elbsurl tdl tnel ha lbmd stbtlelgt.
:. Jlmnsnhg (frbgmd) Mhvlrbcl !
Jlvlihp tlst mbsls sumd tdbt lbmd frbgmd ( jlmnsnhg phngt) ns phngt) ns lxlmutlj bt ilbst hgml.
!
Jlmnsnhg phngt -7 mhgjntnhgbi stbtlelgt 5 tlst prljnmbtls 5 jnbehgjs
!
LKLEPIH \G EBPB M\BJVNM\IBV MHG MBIIL] ^ MBJB NGZLV]LMNHG L] JLMNJNV \GB JNVLMMNHG
!
Lvlg Na N usl strumturlj prhcrbeengc (gh CHZH) tdlg na N dbvl GHZ 200% stbtlelgt mhvlrbcl tdlg N dbvl 200% tlst prljnmbtlj. s2 na x920 tdlg s6 s=
x 5< N dbvl 200% stbtlelgt mhvlrbcl Fut GHZ 200% jlmnsnhg mhvlrbcl, abisl mbsl ns EN]]NGC! !
]tbtlelgt Mhvlrbcl Jh Ght Nepiy Jlmnsnhg Mhvlrbcl!
!
Jlmnsnhg Mhvlrbcl sbtnsanls ]tbtlelgt fut ]tbtlelgt ght glmlssbrniy sbtnsanls Jlmnsnhg! ]h ]hatwbrl eust mhvlr 200% Jlmnsnhg Mhvlrbcl
=. Jlmnsnhg-Mhgjntnhg Mhvlrbcl !
Jlvlihp tlst sumd tdbt lbmd mhgjntnhg ng b jlmnsnhg tbols hg bii phssnfil hutmhels bgj lbmd jlmnsnhg tbols hg bii phssnfil hutmhels
!
Zdns ns inol Jlmnsnhg++ (tdl slmhgj pbrt ha tdl jlangntnhg, ns Jlmnsnhg Mhvlrbcl) na x920 hr y7<0 bgj z!50 hr aibc5 Z bgj stbtus 5 GNI tdlg ]2 lisl ]6
6 tlst th stbtlelgt mhvlrbcl 6 tlst th jlmnsnhg mhvlrbcl
Fut tdbt ght lghucd ahr Jlmnsnhg-Mhgjntnhg Jlmnsnhg-Mhgjntnhg Mhvlrbcl. Sl gllj th hplg tdl tlst prljnmbtl bgj ihho ngsnjl; tdlrl brl < mhgjntnhgs! Ahr lbmd mhgjntnhg wl gllj th tlst tdlnr ZV\L bgj ABI]L mbsls Sl gllj 6 mbsls. Bii abisl bgj Bii Zrul.
:. Euitnpil Mhgjntnhg !
Jlvlihp tlst th lxlmutl bii mhefngbtnhgs ha mhgjntnhgs wntdng b wntdng b jlmnsnhg. Zdns ns tdl ehst phwlauii.
<. Lxbepil, Zlst Fngbry ]lbrmd Bichrntde) (2) stbrt 9-2? (6) lgj 9-gue? (=) ahugj 9- abisl? (:) wdnil stbrts 95 lgj bgj ght ahugj //(M2) bgj (M6) bgj (<)
enjjil 9-(stbrt 5 lgj)/6
(1)
na oly 7 tbfil_enjjilU
(3)
tdlg stbrt 9- enjjil +2
(4)
lisl na oly 5 tbfil_enjjilU //(m:)
(>)
tdlg ahugj 9-Z
(20) (22)
//(M=)
IHM 9- enjjil? lisl lgj 9- enjjil -2
Sl dbvl : mhgjntnhgs, bgj wl dbvl 22 stbtlelgts (lbmd rhw). Sl dbvl tdrll jlmnsnhg phngts bgj phngts bgj wl dbvl hgl mbsl wntd euitnpil (6) mhgjntnhgs.
na: Z A na1 Z A na4 Z A
Ahr euitnpil-mhgjntnhg mhvlrbcl M2 y M6 ebol mhefngbtnhgs ha Z y A Ahr mhgjntnhgs M= y M: snepiy try hgl Z bgj hgl A ha lbmd hgl
Lxbepil ha Lxlmutnhg 20 60 =0 :0 <0 10 30 Oly5<< 2 6 = : wntd Z, Z < 1Z 3 : jhgl flahrl Z, Z < 1A 4 wntd A 22
: mhg Z, Z < 1Z 3 : mhg A, Z !
Euitnpil-mhgjntnhg Mhvlrbcl; 200% GH
!
Jlmnsnhg-mhgjntnhg Mhvlrbcl; 200% GH
!
Jlmnsnhg Mhvlrbcl; GH
!
]tbtlelgt mhvlrbcl; GH
Ghw lxlmutl tdns; 20 60 =0 :0 <0 10 30 Oly 5 :0 2 6 = : wntd Z, Z < 1 wntd A 4 wntd Z > 20 : wntd Z,A !
Mhvlrbcl ns mueuibtnvl
:. Euitnpil-mhgjntnhg Mhvlrbcl GHZ 200% (3<%) =. Jlmnsnhg-mhgjntnhg Mhvlrbcl 200% 6. Jlmnsnhg Mhvlrbcl 200% 2. ]tbtlelgt Mhvlrbcl 200%
_wllo 0< ” Mibss 0> ” ZdursjbyU
>/21/20 6;<= PE
0. Ibst Mibss !
Sl rlvnlw jnaalrlgt typls ha Mhvlrbcl ng pbrtnmuibr Mhgtrhi-Aihw rlibtlj.
!
Sl rlvnlw tdl Fngbry ]lbrmd Bichrntde
!
Sl jh ght dbvl 200% Euitnpil-Mhgjntnhg Mhvlrbcl. Sdbt mbg wl jh8
!
Zlst Mbsl =. ]lbrmd ahr tdl enssngc mbsl tdbt cnvl el 200% Euitnpilmhgjntnhg mhvlrbcl. Jh ght LTN]Z! Ihhp Lgtry 2
6
Z
Z
mnrmil enjjil L jnbebgtl Z y A na Z stbrt L na Abisl jnbebgtl na na trul ahugj L na abisl lgj L ]h N dbvl = pbtd th tlst Z
{nepbmt mhgjntnhg 2}
AZ {nepbmt mhgjntnhg 6} AA {nepbmt mhgjntnhg 2} Fut bgy sngcil pbtd baalmt fhtd mhgjntnhgs! ZZ AZ
ZA ]h A A mbg ght hmmurs!
2. Prhfile •
Mhjl mhvlrbcl ahr enjtlre lxbe na x 920 hr y7<0 (2) tdlg ]2 (6) lisl ]6 na w5<0 hr z720 (=) tdlg ]= (:) lisl ]:
•
Sdnt tdns ahur tlst mbsls x
y
w
[
Z2
0
0
0
0
Z6
22
3<
<0
26
Z=
<
2<
20
<
Z:
2<
3<
<0
=
Zdl qulstnhg ns, jh wl dbvl 200% mhvlrbcl wntd tdns ahur tlst mbsls8
]tbtlelgt Mhvlrbcl
Sl dbvl : stbtlelgts (lbmd s) ]tbtlelgt Zlst Mbsl
2
Z2, Z6, Z=,Z:
6 =
Z6, Z:
:
Z2, Z=
Jlmnsnhg Mhvlrbcl
Sl dbvl 6 jlmnsnhgs phngts (nas) Jlmnsnhg
Zlst Mbsl
2Z
Z2(Z h A), Z6(A h Z),Z=(Z h A),Z:(A h Z)
2A 6Z
Z6(Z h Z), Z:(A h Z),
6A
Z2 (A h A), Z=(A h A),
Jlmnsnhg-Mhgjntnhg Mhvlrbcl
Sl dbvl : mhgjntnhgs (ugjlringlj) Jlmnsnhg
Zlst Mbsl
2Z
Z2, Z=
2A
Z6, Z:
6Z
Z6, Z:
6A
Z2, Z=
=Z
Z6, Z:
=A
Z2, Z=
:Z
Z6
:A
Z2, Z=, Z:
Euitnpil-Mhgjntnhg Mhvlrbcl
Sl dbvl 6 euitnpil mhgjntnhgs (ingl 2 bgj :) Jlmnsnhg
Zlst Mbsl
2 ZZ 2 ZA
Z2, Z=
2 AZ
Z6, Z:
2 AA 6 ZZ
Z6
6 ZA
Z:
6 AZ 6 AA
Z2,Z=
]h, wl dbvl; •
Euitnpil-Mhgjntnhg Mhvlrbcl;
•
Jlmnsnhg-Mhgjntnhg Mhvlrbcl bgj Jlmnsnhg Mhvlrbcl; 22/26 5 >2.1%
•
]lgtlgml Mhvlrbcl; =/: 5 3<% ' ' !
#
$
6. Pbtd Lxprlssnhgs ' •
Mhgvlrt Mhgtrhi Aihw Crbpd th pbtd lxprlssnhg!
!
Sl mbg ibfli tdl ljcls
!
Sl dbvl : pbtds ahr 2 th <
' %
&
'
Bpprhbmd th mhgvlrt b Mhgtrhi Aihw Crbpd (MAC) ngth b Pbtd Lxprlssnhg;
2. Mhefngl slrnbi ingos fy ’euitnpiyngc― pbtd lxprlssnhgs 6. mhefngl pbrbiili ingos fy ’bjjngc―, ’+― tdlnr pbtd lxprlssnhgs =. Vlehvl slia ihhp fy rlpibmngc tdle wntd b ingo ha tdl ahre x* •
Ilts ebol nt ehrl elbgngcaui
Lxbepil;
' + ( 2) rlbj (,y)
(
( 6) wdnil x!50 ( =) y 9- x + y ( :) na y720 ( <) tdlg put (y) ( 1) lisl put (x)
) ,
-
( 3) na x720 ( 4) tdlg x9-x-<
3
( >) lisl x9-x-2 (20) rlbj (x,y)
/
(22) lgj?
Mhgvlrt tdl mhjl ngth crbpd
*
= <
1
0
2 :
4 !6
Zdl ghjls hg tdl MAC brl ght jnbehgjs bgj hvbis, fut mnrmils tdbt rlprlslgt tdl ghjls. Zdl ibflingc ha tdl ljcls ns thtbiiy brfntrbry.
Bgj tdlg ngth Pbtd Lxprlssnhg b ( fm (ja + lc) (dk + no) i ) * e ]h, wdnt tdns ghtbtnhg wl ’sheldhw― mbg jlangl dhw ebgy pbtds wl dbvl arhe 2 th 22. Ng tdns mbsl nt ns b ngangntl sntubtnhg. ]h na wl jlangl dhw
ebgy tnels wl wnii rug tdl ihhp wl mhuij ebtdlebtnmbiiy jlangl dhw ebgy pbtds wl dbvl.
=. Bghebiy Jltlmtnhg !
]tbtnm bgbiysns th angj phtlgtnbi lrrhrs ng mhjl!
!
Nt ns bii bfhut th angj bghebinls ng tdl mhjl, sumd bs hplg b anil tdbt ns birlbjy hplg, hr mihsl b anil tdbt ns birlbjy mihsl. Hr bssncg b vbiul th b vbrnbfil ng tdl stbtlelgt 20 l.c. x5= bgj tdl glxt ingl (22) wl bssncg bghtdlr jnaalrlgt vbiul l.c. x5<.
!
Zdlrl ns b tdlhrle tdbt dlips th jlangl tdlsl sntubtnhgs. Dubgs Zdlhrle
Ilt B,F,M fl ghglepty slts ha mdbrbmtlr slqulgmls wdhsl sebiilst strngc ns bt ilbst 2 mdbrbmtlr ihgc. Ilt Z fl b 6-mdbrbmtlr strngc. Zdlg na Z ns b sufstrngc ha BFWGM, tdlg Z wnii bpplbr ng BFW6M. !
Sl brl chngc th clt shpdnstnmbtlj hg tdl MAC, wdlrl ljcls„ ibflis brl ght chngc th fl brfntrbry fut tdly wnii rlprlslgt wdbt ns chngc hg ng tdbt pbtd. Sntd tdns ongj ha ibflis nt whuij fl lbsnlr th angj bgy bghebiy. Dvbgs tdlhrle whros wntd tdl pbtd lxprlssnhgs th angj bghebinls.
_wllo 01 ” Mibss 20 ” ZulsjbyU
>/62/20 6;<3 PE
0. Ibst Mibss !
Mhgtngul wntd Zlstngc Bpprhbmdls
!
Sl ihhongc bt mhgtrhi aihw crbpd , pbtd lxprlssnhg, jbtb bghebinls, mhgtngul wntd tdbt bgj ngtrhjuml syefhinm lxlmutnhg.
2. ]yefhinm Lxlmutnhg
!
Jlangntnhg arhe Pbplr = (dhelwhro inst); ]yefhinm lxlmutnhg rlprlslgts vbiuls ha prhcrbe ngputs wntd syefhinm vbiuls ngstlbj ha mhgmrltl (ngntnbinzlj) jbtb bgj lxlmutls tdl prhcrbe fy ebgnpuibtngc prhcrbe lxprlssnhgs ngvhivngc tdl syefhinm vbiuls. (inol biclfrb)
!
\sls •
Prhfl ha mhrrlmtglss
•
Clglrbtl tlst jbtb
•
Bghebinls Jltlmtnhg
Lxbepil Hgl; (0) ngput B, F (2) B 9- B + F (6) F 9- B - F (=) B 9- 6 * B + F (:) M 9- B + :
!
(0)
B0 ” vbiul ha B batlr lxlmutl stlp 0 (jlanglj) F0 (jlanglj) M0 (ugjlanglj)
!
(2)
B2 5 B0 + F0 F2 5 F0 M2 5 M0 5 (ugjlanglj) !
(6)
B6 5 B2 5 B0 + F0 F6 5 B2 - F2 5 B0 + F0 ” F0 5 B0 M6 5 M2 5 M6 5 (ugjlanglj) !
(=)
B= 5 6 *B6 + F6 5 =B0 + 6F0 F= 5 B0 M= 5 (ugjlanglj) !
(:)
B: 5 =B0 + 6F0 F: 5 B0 M: 5 =B0 + 6F0 + :
$ %
Lxbepil Zwh;
na (x950) hr (y950)
%
tdlg x9-xW6? y 9- yW6 lisl x9-x+2? y 9-y+2? lgjna? na (x92) hr (y92) tdlg x9-x+2? y 9- y+2 lisl x9-x-2? y 9-y-2? lgjna?
Zdlg, mrlbtl b Mhgtrhi Aihw Jnbcrbe (aihwmdbrt jnbcrbe) Ghw ahr syefhinm lxlmutnhg wl dbvl : pbtds ngth tdl jnbcrbe
$
Ng tdlsl mbsls wl gllj th lxlmutl tdl mhjl bgj jh tdl syefhinm lxlmutnhg ahr lbmd ha tdl pbtds. ]h na wl jh tdl Zrul-Zrul mbsl wl wnii dbvl; ZZ pbtd;
x2 5 T0W6 y2 5 y0W6 x= 5 x2+2 5 T0W6 + 2 y= 5 y2+2 5 y0W6 + 2 $ %
Lxbepil Zdrll;
rlbj(x, y) %
na(x73)
$
(2) tdlg y9-x+20 (6) lisl y9-x-20?
&
'
na y 7 0 %
(=) tdlg x9-y+<
$
(:) lisl x9-y-< ,
na x + y 7 20 (<) tdlg x9-x+20 (1) lisl x9-x-20?
ZZZ Pbtd;
x2 5 x0 y2 5 x0 + 20
-
x= 5 x0 + 2< y= 5 x0 + 20 x< 5 x= + 20 5 x0+6< y< 5 x0 + 20 Zdl gueflrs mhrrlsphgj th tdl slgtlgml gueflr !
Zdl ebng usl ha tdns ns th mrlbtl tlst jbtb, ng pbrtnmuibr pbtd mhgjntnhgs Zdngcs clts uciy wdlg wl bjj ihhps, rlalrlgmls ngsnjl jbtb strumturls.
!
Bssuengc tdngcs snepil tdns ns uslaui th mrlbtl tlst jbtb, ng pbrtnmuibr Pbtd Mhgjntnhgs; Glmlssbry Qbiuls ahr tdl pbtd th fl mhvlrlj.
!
\sl ng mhgkugmtnhg wntd tdl frbgmd mhgjntnhg ahr bii tdl frbgmdls bihgc tdl pbtd wntd syefhinm vbrnbfils sufstntutlj ng.
=. Pbtd Mhgjntnhg !
Sdbt vbiuls jh wl gllj ng b pbtd th fl trbgsvlrsl.
!
Mhgkugmtnhg ha tdl frbgmd mhgjntnhgs ahr bii tdl frbgmdls bihgc tdl pbtd wntd syefhinm vbrnbfils sufstntutlj ng.
!
Lxbepil Zwh (ZZ Pbtd);
!
Sl njlgtnay : pbtds. Ahr ZZ Pbtd ( (x0950) hr (y0950) ) ! ( (x2 9 2) hr (y292) ) Zdlg, Sdbt tlst jbtb wl gllj th jrnvl jhwg tdl pbtd8 ( (x0950) hr (y0950)) ! ( (x0W692) hr (y0W692) ) x 5 -0.<
y 5 -0.< Zdns brl tdl vbiuls th tlst tdl pbtd !
Lxbepil Zwh (AZ Pbtd);
Mbimuibtl tdl syefhinm vbrnbfils. x6 5 x0 + 2 y6 5 y0 + 2 x= 5 x0 + 6 y= 5 y0 + 6 Zdlg jlangl tdl pbtd mhgjntnhg ( (x070) W (y070) ) W ( (x090) hr (y090) ) Zdlg, mrlbtl tlst jbtb ahr tdbt! Zdns sdhw tdbt, tdns ns b ngalbsnfil pbtd, nt ns b pbtd tdbt mbg ght th fl lxlmutlj (AZ ns b pbtd ngvnsnfil ZDBZ MBG GHZ FL LTLM\ZLJ)
:. Prhfile ng mibss; Pbtd Mhgjntnhg !
Jlvlihp tdl pbtd mhgjntnhg ahr ZZZ pbtd ng mhjl arhe lxbepil = x2 5 x0 y2 5 x0 + 20 x= 5 x0 + 2< y= 5 x0 + 20 x< 5 x= + 20 5 x0+6< y< 5 x0 + 20
Bgj tdl mhgjntnhgs brl; ngntnbi; (x0 7 3) bgj (y2 7 0) bgj (x= + y= 7 20) tdlg, (x0 7 3) bgj (x0 7 -20) bgj (x0 7 -2
_wllo 01 ” Mibss 20 ” ZulsjbyU
>/62/20 6;<3 PE
2. Mhepilxnty Elbsurl; EmMbfl Gueflr. !
Ghw wl brl chngc th tbio bfhut Mhepilxnty elbsurl tdns ns b thhi tdbt tbol b pnlml b ha mhjl bgj clglrbtl b mhepilxnty gueflr ahr tdns mhjl. Zdns ns oghw bs EmMbfl gueflr. Zdns ns lqubi th tdl mhepilxnty ha b crbpd.
!
Mhjl -7 # (mbimuibtl emMbfl mhepilxnty gueflr)
!
Fbslj ha _crbpdU
!
Zdl ahrebi jlangntnhg ns Q(C) 5 ljcls ” ghjls + 6(mhgglmtlj mhephglgts) 5 l ”g + 6p
!
Zdl ngahrebi jlangntnhg ns Q(C) 5 tlst prljnmbtls + 2, wdlrl tlst prljnmbtls (phngts ha jlmnsnhgs)
!
Ahr tdl lxbepil = ns : (=na pius hgl)
!
Na b pnlml ha mhjl dbs b dncd mhepilxnty gueflr nt elbgs tdbt nt dbs b iht ha tlst prljnmbtls wdnmd elbgs nt dbs b iht ha phngts ha jlmnsnhg. Hg mhepbgnls tdbt jlvlihp shatwbrl tdly jlangl b tdrlsdhij ahr tdns mhepilxnty bgj na b mhjl clts b gueflr tdbt ns hvlr tdns tdrlsdhij tdl mhjl ns aibc. Nt jhls ght elbgs tdbt tdl mhjl ns wrhgc fut nt dbs th fl rlvnlwlj ehrl mbrlaui. EmMbfl mhepilxnty tlstngc ]trbtlcy ]trumturlj tlstngc Q(C) 5 #ha fbsns pbtds tdbt eust fl tlstlj 5 engneue # ha tlst
Ilt sll bg lxbepil ]2 Na x920
'
&
%
Zdlg s6 Lisl na y70 Zdlg s= Lisl s:
&
%
Na z5< Zdlg s1
#
$
Lisl s3
&
(
%
)
Sl dbvl 1 pbtds (= x 6). Mhepilxnty 5 : (jnbebgtls + 2) ]h, tdl rlmheelgjbtnhg us th tlst : mbsls
!
]h ahr tdl mhjl bfhvl wl wnii mdhhsl tdl fbsns pbtds, tdbt wl mbii tdle fbsns pbtds.
!
Zdns pbtds brl tdl hgls wdnmd mbg fl uslj th mrlbtl bii htdlr pbtds.
Bpprhbmd; 2. ]lilmt bg brfntrbry pbtd 6. Ainp tdl anrst mhgjntnhg, bttlept th rlturg th 2 st pbtd =. Vlslt anrst mhgjntnhg, ainp tdl slmhgj mhgjntnhg, bttlept th rlturg th 2 st pbtd :. Vlplbt (gh bujnh sngml ibst lxlrmnsl, bujnh mhgtngul dlrl)
Lxbepil Hgl; !
Zdns brl tdl : fbsns pbtd ng tdl lxbepil; (2) A Z Z (brfntrbry) (6) Z X Z (=) A A Z (:) A Z A
Zdns whuij fl tdl ahur fbsns pbtds bmmhrjngc wntd EmMbfl tlmdgnqul. Sl dbvl : fbsns pbtds jul tdl abmt tdl mhepilxnty ha tdl mhjl ns :.
%
&
Lxbepil Zwh (wntd = mhgslmutnvl nas) !
Mhepilxnty ; : (jnbehgjs + 2)
!
Ahr fbsnms Pbtds
&
%
#
$
(2) Z Z Z &
(6) A Z Z
%
(=) Z A Z (:) Z Z A
(
)
!
Ng tdl pbst mibssls wl tbio bfhut Mhjl mhvlrbcl (wdntl fhx).
!
Sl elgtnhg; Mhgtrhi bgj Jbtb aihw mhvlrbcl.
!
Jbtb Aihw Mhvlrbcl, ihho jlangntnhgs bg usls ha jbtb bgj mrlbtl pbtds. (glxt mibss)
_wllo 01 ” Mibss 22 ” ZdursjbyU
>/6=/20 6;<< PE
0. Ibst mibss !
Mhgtrhi Aihw Mhvlrbcl; EmMbfl Zlstngc, Jlmnsnhg mhvlrbcl, Euitnpil Mhgjntnhg, ltm.
!
Zhjby Jbtb aihw mhvlrbcl.
2. Jbtb Aihw Mhvlrbcl !
Lvlg 200% Mhgtrhi Aihw mhvlrbcl, tdbt elbgs lvlg 200% euitnpil mhgjntnhg mhvlrbcl jh ght wbrrbgty gh lrrhrs. Zry th jh bii pbtd mhvlrbcl nt stnii jh ght wbrrbgty gh lrrhrs)
!
Jbtb aihw mhvlrbcl lxtlgj tdl mbpbfninty ha jltlmt lrrhrs. Jbtb ns chngc th slbrmd jbtb prhfiles inol phngt wntd mlrh jnvnsnhg
Jlangntnhg; Qbrnbfil Hmmurrlgml Mibssnanmbtnhgs !
jla ; (vbrnbfil jlanglj) x;50
!
m- usl; (mheputbtnhgbi usl) vbrnbfil uslj ng b mheputbtnhg. y 5 x +2
!
p-usl; (prljnmbtl usl) vbrnbfil ns uslj ng b prljnmbtl. Na x92
Bpprhbmd; 2 Mibssnay Qbrnbfils. 6. Mhgstrumt Mhgtrhi Aihw Crbpd (MAC) wntd bgghtbtnhgs bfhut (jla/usl)
!
Ahr lbmd ghjl; h
jla(n) ; slt ha vbrnbfils ahr ghjl n wdnmd brl cihfbiiy jlanglj
h
m-usl(n); slt ha vbrnbfils ahr wdnmd ghjl n mhgtbngs b m-usl
h
p-usl(ZP) ; slt ha vbrnbfil ahr wdnmd tdl ZP mhgtbngs b p-usl (ZP 5 tlst prljnmbtl)
%
$
Lxbepil Hgl; !
#
na x920 tdlg y9-0? z9-0 lisl y9-
!
!
Ng tdns lxbepil wl mbg sll tdbt wl dbvl ghjls ng hur crbpd tdbt dbvl %
$
euitnpil stbtlelgts. Ghjl (2) dbs 6 stbtlelgts ^50 bgj z 5 0. %&!
Lxbepil Zwh;
#
(2) clt x,z y 9- 0
%
$
na x 7 20 (6) tdlg y 9- 2
na z 7 0 (=) tdlg w 9- y + 2 (:) lisl w 9- y - 2
jla(2) 5 {x,y,z} jla(6) 5 {y} jla(=) 5 {w} jla(:)5 {w}
'
(
m-usl(2) 5 0 (ghtdngc) m-usl(6) 5 0 (ghtdngc) m-usl(=) 5 {y} m-usl(:) 5 {y} p-usl(ZP2) 5 {x} p-usl(ZP6) 5 {z} !
Zdlg, b glw jlangntnhg, MILBV PBZD w. r. t (wdnt rlsplmt th) "shel vbrnbfil"
Jlangntnhg; Milbr Pbtd (jla-mir) Nt ns b pbtd fltwllg twh ghjls n bgj k wntd ngtlreljnbtl ghjls (n, G2, G6, … Ge, k) wdnmd mhgtbngs gh jlangntnhgs ha x ng (G2,… , Ge)
Jlangntnhg; Jlangntnhg Mheputbtnhg \sl (jmu) jmu(x, n) Sdlrl n ns bgy ghjl, bgj x ns jlanglj ng n jmu(x, n) ns tdl slt ha bii ghjls k sumd tdbt x ns ng m-usl(k) bgj ahr wdnmd tdlrl ns b jlangntnhg-milbr pbtd w.r.t x arhe n th k
Jlangntnhg; Jlangntnhg Prljnmbtl \sl Pbtd (jpu) jpu (x, n) _jlangntnhg /prljnmbtl usl sltU ns tdl slt ha bii ZP sumd tdbt x ns ng p-usl(ZP) bgj ahr wdnmd tdlrl ns b jlamir pbtd w.r.t. x arhe n th ZP
Jlangntnhg; \sl Pbtd (ju) Nt ns b pbtd (g,…. Gk, Go) ns b ju pbtd w.r.t. x na G2 dbs b cihfbi jlangntnhg ha T bgj lntdlr; 2. Go dbs b m-usl ha x bgj (g2, … gk) ns b jla-mir pbtd w.r.t. x 6. Eo ns b ZP bgj dbs b p-usl ha T bgj (gn, ..gk) ns b jla-mir pbtd w.r.t. x (tdl pbtd arhe jlangntnhg th usl
")
!
Ch fbmo th Lxbepil Zwh;
%
jla(2) 5 {x, y, z} jla(6) 5 {y} jla(=) 5 {w}
$ %&!
#
jla(:)5 {w} m-usl(2) 5 0 (ghtdngc)
%
$
m-usl(6) 5 0 (ghtdngc) m-usl(=) 5 {y} m-usl(:) 5 {y} p-usl(Zp2) 5 {x}
%&#
'
p-usl(Zp6) 5 {z} !
jmu(vbr, ghjl) ghjls tdbt usl tdl ’vbr― jlanglj ng ’ghjl― jmu (x,2) 5 lepty jmu (z,2) 5 lepty jmu (y,2) 5 {=,:} jmu (y,6) 5 {=,:} jmu (w,=) 5 vbmnh jmu (w,:) 5 vbmnh
!
jpu(vbr, ghjl) jpu (x,2) 5 {ZP2} jpu(z,2) 5 {Zp6}
!
Zlst Mhvlrbcl Mrntlrnb ahr jbtb aihw elbgs "bii-usls mhvlrbcl" Sl wbgt 200%
(
!
=. Bii-\sls Mhvlrbcl %
!
$
Chbi; jlvlihp tlst mbsls sumd tdbt ahr lbmd jlangntnhg, tdlrl ns b %&! jlangntnhg usl pbtd (ju) th lvlry usl ha tdl jlangntnhg.
#
'
Prhfile Hgl clt x, y?
%
$
b 9- 0? f 9- 0? %&#
na x720
(
tdlg w 9-b + 2? f 9- : lisl w 9-f + 2? b 9- :? na y720 tdlg z 9- b + w lisl z 9- f + w?
jla(2) 5 {x,y,b,f} jla(6) 5 {w,f} jla(=) 5 {w,b} jla(:) 5 {z} jla(<) 5 {z} m-usl(2) 5 lepty m-usl(6) 5 {b} m-usl(=) 5 {f} m-usl(:) 5 {b, w} m-usl(<) 5 {f, w} p-usl(ZP2) 5 {x} p-usl(ZP6) 5 {y} !
Mrlbtl b jmu ahr lbmd pbnr jla (G) 5 {n2, n6….}
)
!
]lbrmd {n2. N6…} lg m-usl(E) 5 {n2, n6…} bgj bjj tdl gueflrs E th tdl slt jmu(x,2) 5 {} jmu(y,2) 5 {} jmu(b,2) 5 {6, :} jmu(f,2) 5 {=, <} jmu(w,6) 5 {:} jmu(f,6) 5 {<} jmu(w,=) 5 {:} jmu(b,=) 5 {<} jmu(z,:) 5 {} jmu(z,<) 5 {} jpu(x,2) 5 ZP2 jpu(y,2) 5 ZP6
T
^
Mhvlrbcl
Zlst 2. ZZ
2<
2<
Jla(b2) & m-usl(b6) & m-usl(b:)
Zlst 6. AZ
<
2<
Jla(b2) & m-usl(b:)
!
Ahr tdl : pbtds. Zlst LQLV^ jlangntnhg
!
Cnvl el bii-usls mhvlrbcl wntd rlsplmt th b fut ght rlsplmt th f ^hu gllj th jh tdns ahr bii-usls. Zdl sbel usl mbsls cnvl el bii tl enssngc hgls T
^
Zlst 2
2< 2<
Zlst 6
<
2<
Zlst =
<
<
Zlst :
2< <
Sdbt mhgtrhi ” Aihw Mhvlrbcl jh N dbvl8 200% stbtlelgt mhvlrbcl
"
200% mhgjntnhg mhvlrbcl Bii jlangntnhgs mrntlrnb ns sbtnsanlj na ahr lbmd jlangntnhg ng tdl prhcrbe shel usl ha tdns jlangntnhg ns lxlmutlj fy bt ilbst hgl ngput ng tdl tlst suntl.
Dhelwhro
Ahr Lxbe;
!
Mrlbtl LP
!
Bssls ilvli ha Mhvlrbcl
>/6=/20 6;<< PE
_wllo 03 ” Mibss 26 ” ZulsjbyU
>/64/20 =;0< PE
0. Ibst Mibss !
Lxbepils arhe tdl ibst wllo (2) x520? y5
!
B lxbe qulstnhg mhuij fl; Jhls tdl ahiihwngc tlst slt ha jbtb sbtnsay tdl ’bii usls― mhvlrbcl mrntlrnhg w.r.t. ’x― bgj ’y―, na ght mhepilelgt. jla(2)5{x, y} jla(6)5{x} jla(=)5{y} jla(:)5{z} jla(<)5{z} m-usl(2)5lepty m-usl(6)5lepty m-usl(=)5lepty m-usl(:)5{x} m-usl(<)5{y} p-usl(ZP2)5{b} p-usl(ZP6)5{f} jmu(x,2)5 {:}
2-=-: //jlangl ihs pbtds
jmu(y,2)5 {<}
2-6-<
jmu(x,6)5 {:}
6-:
jmu(y,=)5 {<}
=-<
jmu(z,:)5 {} jmu(z,<)5 {} jmu(b,2)5 {} jmu(f,2)5 {} jpu(b,2)5 {ZP2}
2-ZP2
jpu(f,2)5 {ZP6}
2-ZP6
Zlst mbsl
b
f
Mhvlrbcl
2
60
<
x(2-=-:), b(2-ZP2), f(2-=-ZP6)
6
60
-=
y(=-<)
=
=0
-=
y(2-6-<) f(2-6-ZP6)
:
=0
<
x(6-:)
Ahr lxbe, hgiy bgswlr yls hr ght. Na ght tdlg wdy8 !
ahr lbmd hgl ha tdl jlangntnhgs ha T, wl gllj th tlst tdbt tdlrl ns b jlangntnhg milbr pbtd fltwllg tdl ghjl wdlrl wl jlangl x bgj tdl ghjl wdlrl wl usl x. Zdbg elbgs tdbt tdl vbiul ha x jh ght mdbgcl.
!
T ns jlanglj ng ghjl 0, bgj nt ns uslj ng ghjl :. ]h th dbvl b milbr pbtd wl gllj th bvhnj th lgtlr th ghjl 6. ]h na b ns ilss hr lqubi th 6< bgj f crlbtlr tdbt 0 wl bvhnj tdl ghjl 6 bgj wl clt th ghjl :.
!
Zdl glxt mbsl ahr T ns, tdbt nt ns jlanglj hg ghjl 6 bgj uslj ng ghjl :. ]h na b ns crlbtlr tdbg 6< bgj f crlbtlr tdbg, wl wnii dbvl tdbt mhvlrlj.
!
Zdl bgswlr ahr tdns prhfile ns ^L]!
2. Pbplr; Bg lepnrnmbi stujy ha tdl usl ha Arbgoi-Slyuolr Jbtb Aihw Zlstngc Mrntlrnb th Zlst FPLI Slf ]lrvnmls. FPLI ” Fusnglss Prhmlss Lxlmutnhg Ibgcubcl. Ns uslj th mhhrjngbtls tdl wlfslrvnmls. ]h abr wl brl tlstngc prhcrbes fbslj hg ibgcubcls sumd bs M, M++, Kbvb, ltm., fut wdbt na yhu gllj th tlst b shatwbrl fbslj hg wlfslrvnmls. Zdl ibgcubcl FPLI mbg fl mhgvlrtlj ngth b crbpd (MAC). Zdlg wl wnii dbvl tdl bfninty th tlst tdl mhgtrhi aihw mhvlrbcl. Sdlg yhu brl tlstngc bgj ]HB bpp, yhu encdt wbgt th tlst bii slrvnmls. Zdl FPLI dlips th bfstrbmt bii ha tdle arhe tdl crbpd. Mrlbtngc glw eltdhjhihcnls ahr tlstngc. Sdlg yhu ’mrlbtl― b glw eltdhjhihcy yhu gllj th prhvl tdbt nt ns flttlr. Hgl wby th prhvl tdns ns puttngc abuits ng tdl mhjl bgj tdlg lvbiubtl dhw wlii yhur eltdhjhihcy jltlmts tdns abuits. ]ll tbfil =. Ns bg lxplrnelgt ha hgl jbtb slt. Zdly tlst tdrll tlst suntls wntd 200% bii-usls mhvlrbcl, fut ghw tdly brl lvbiubtngc tdl abuitjltlmtnhg rbtl. Zdl elssbcl ha tdl pbplr ns tdbt wntd tdns ongj ha bppinmbtnhgs (wlfslrvnmls) wl eby gllj ehrl thhis bgj tlmdgnquls tdbt flttlr anx ahr tdns ongj ha bppi. Zdngo ng tdl tlstngc eltdhjhihcnls hr tlmdgnquls bs sprby th onii fucs. Ght bii sprbys whros ahr bii ongj ha fucs. ]h wl gllj jnaalrlgt tlmdgnquls jlplgjngc hg tdl typl ha bppi.
6. Pbplr; Zdl \sl bgj Inentbtnhgs ha ]tbtnm Bgbiysns Zhhis th neprhvl ]hatwbrl Rubinty.
]tbtnm thhis bii gllj b mhgtrhi aihw crbpds, tdlg bgghtbtl tdl ghjl wntd tdl jbtb uslj hg nt, bgj tdlg ihho ahr bghebinls ng tdl mhjl. Prhfiles wntd tdns typl ha thhis; Vleleflr; Zdns thhis chls th jnaalrlgt pbtds ng tdl mhjl bgj try th angj fucs Hgl prhfile tdbt wl dbvl ng tdns tlmdgnquls ns tdbt tdl jltlmt fucs tdbt brl ght rlbiiy fucs. Zdlrl brl b mhupil ha eltrnms th lvbiubtl tdns thhis. * Vlmbii eltrnm; nt ns #ha aihws ahugj / #ha aihws prlslgt. Sl wbgt tdbt tdns gueflr ns mihsl th hgl. * Prlmnsnhg-eltrnm; tdns gueflr ns trul phsntnvls/rlphrtlj prhfiles. Sl wbgt tdbt tdns gueflr ns mihsl th hgl thh. * Plrahrebgml-eltrnm; MP\ tnel bgj elehry. Dhw ebgy MP\ bgj elehry jhls tdns thhi tbol th mhel up wntd b rlsuit. Bghtdlr prhfiles tdbt wl dbvl brl ihhps, jygbenm vbrnbfils. Jul tdly ebol tdngcs jnaanmuit th rlvnlw. Zdlg flsnjls stbtnm bgbiysns, wl wnii gllj jygbenm bgbiysns th mhepilelgt tdlsl tlmggnquls.
=. Pbplr; B ]urvly ha Glw Zrlgjs ng ]yefhinm Lxlmutnhg ahr ]hatwbrl Zlstngc bgj Bgbiysns. Zdns thhi mrlbtls b syefhinm lxlmutnhg trll. (wdlrl PM 5 Pbtd Mhgjntnhg) ]ll nt hg tdl pbplr. Zdlrl brl shel jnaalrlgt thhis th nepilelgt tdns. Dbvngc tdns trll dlips th usl jnaalrlgt tlmdgnquls th tlst hur thhi.
Albturl Ngtlrbmtnhg Zlstngc / ]lrvnml Ngtlrbmtnhg Zlstngc Ns b bghtdlr nephrtbgt eltdhjhihcy, th tlst bpps ahmus hg albturlj ha tdl systle. Zlstlrs tlst lvlry albturl/slrvnml slpbrbtliy bgj tdly whro wbii. Zdl prhfile flmbel wdlg yhu wbgt th mhefngl tdle, yhu eust tlst tdlnr ngtlrbmtnhg. Prhfiles jhngc tdns; 2. Jlangl albturl ngtlrbmtnhg _flngc bs ehrl splmnanm bs phssnfilU 6. tlst ugsplmnanlj / ugpibgglj ngtlrbmtnhgs. B wby th jh tdns ns usngc b ehjli, fut ehst ha tdl tnels nt rlqunrls bgj bjdhm. Bghtdlr wby th jh nt ns fllg bgbiytnmbi. Fut tbiongc bfhut bjdhm wl mbg elgtnhg tdl ahiihwngc;
]ystlebtnm Q] ’bjdhm― - Bjdhm; fy ey chj, lxplrt tlstngc, trnbi bgj lrrhr, brl htdlr gbels ahr tdns typl ha tlstngc. Zdl qulstnhg ns, ns tdns fbj8... GH!. - Vlmheelgjbtnhg. Zry th jh bs eumd bs phssnfil systlebtnm tlstngc. Fut tdlrl sdhuij fl b inttil fnt ha ghvlity, surprnsl. Hut tdlrl ns tdl tlre ’Lxpihrbthry tlstngc―, ns ght 200% bjdhm fut ns ongj ha. Lxpihrbthry ]mnlgml (bgbihcy) 2. Ilbrg bs eumd bs phssnfil prnhr th lxpihrbtnhg. 6. Jlvlihp b systlebtnm strbtlcy ahr lxpihrngc; ahiihw tdl stbrs, ahiihw tdl rnvlr. =. Ollp trbmo ha wdlrl yhu dbvl fllg. Jh khurgbis. :. Fl lxtrleliy hfslrvbgt ha snjl laalmts. <. Jhmuelgt angjngcs. Ghw ilt's tbio bfhut Lxpihrbthry tlstngc, ns ght ngtlgt th fl bjdhm.
Bcbng. 2. Jh yhur dhelwhro. Ilbrg bs eumd bs phssnfil prnhr stbrt. 6. Ahiihw b strbtlcy. =. ollp trbmo ha bii yhur tlst mbsls. :. Fl b chhj hfslrvlr, ollp milmoinst Zdns mibss ns ahmuslj hg systlebtnm tlmdgnquls. B chhj lquninfrnue mhuij fl ><% systlebtnm bgj <% lxpihrbthry. Hut tdlrl brl shel tlmdgnquls bs ’smrbtmd bgj sgnaa― ongj ha lxpihrbthry tlstngc, bgj ns tdlrl 5)!.
_wllo 03 ” Mibss 2= ” ZdursjbyU ]yiibfus rlvnllw : prnelrhs tlstngc fbmo tlstngc prhmlss biihit tnel rlqs-fbsl tlstngc albturl ngtlrbmt lxpihrbthry ]trumturl ” fbsl (jbtb) jlsncg lxpr tlstngc thhis
b) \gnt/Mhephglgt wdntl/fibmo f) Ngtlcrbtnhg ]trbtlcy 2. ngmrlelgtbi 2.2. thp jhwg 2.6. Futhg up 2.=. tdrlbjs 6. ’Fnc Fbgc― (bii tdngcs tdhcyltlr) m) ]ystle tlstngc ---2Jrnvlr 2.2stuf 2.2.2 bmtubi mhephggt * ngmrlelgtbi nshibtl tdl prhfile Ngtlcrbtnhg prhfiles brl Jlsncg prhfiles ;-0
>/=0/20 6;<6 PE
Ngtlcrbtnhg Zlstngc mufrl -7 ]S ” ]S, ]S ” DS, mhephglgt ” mhephglgt, ]ystle ” systle (lgtlrprnml prhjumth)
GHG-augmtnhgbi tlstngc (Rh])
plrahrebgml strlss slmurnty usbfninty 2. Plrahrebgml tlstngc Hfk. vlrnay tdbt systle ellts nts plrahrebgml rlq ahr splmnanlj ihuj mhgjntnhgs ngmiujngc strlss bgj vhiuel smlgbrnhs * LGZV^ MVNZLVNB 2. qubgtntbtnvl bgj elbsurbfil plrahrebgml rlqunrlelgts. 6. rlbshgbfiy stbfil systle =. tlst lgvnrhgelgts :. LTBEPIL Bnringl rlslrvbtnhg systle {wlf-fbslj} - lxmliilgml rlsphgsl -7 tnel mubils mhgjnmnhgls8 Ghrebils qul ls ghrebi8 600 musthelrs hg tdl systle bt tdl wlf sntl 6. ]trlss Zlstngc Hfk. Qlrnay tdl fldbnvhr ha tdl systles ellts nts rlqs wdlg nts rlshurmls brl sbturbtlj bgs pusdlj flyhgj inents
Glxt mibss ]trbtlcnl th strlss tlstngc (nt ns chggb fl bj-dhm mhgtrbry th bii systlebtnm) PBPLV Mihuj tlstngc PBPLV Brmdntlmturl…
_wllo 03 ” Mibss 2= ” ZdursjbyU
20/
IB]Z MIB]L - whrongc hg GHG-augmtnhgbi (RH]) Plrahrebgml Hfk; vlrnay systle eelts nt plrahrebgml mhgjntnhgs lsplmnanms ]trlss tlstgc Hfk; vlrnay fldbvnhr wdlg rlsurmls sbturbtlj
2. Bprhbmd Zh jh ]trlls Zlstngc systlebtnmbiiy 2. njlgtnay tdl strlss phgts (phtlgtnbi fhttilglss) whro wntd jlvlihplrs bgj brmdntlts tdns ns wdntl fhx tlstngc 6. Jlvlihp b strbtlcy th strlls tdl systle bt tdl strlss phngt. \sl thhis th sneuibtl ” ihbj clglrbthr thhis =. Qlrnay ngtlgjlj strlss sn bmtubiiy clglrbtlj Elbsurlelgt thhis (ebol b ihhp fltwllg 6 bgj =) :. Hfslrvl fldbvnhr. Qlrnan rlq brl elt ugjlr strlss
Vleleflr hur bgbihcnls bgj tdlnr strlss phngts; Duebg Fhjy (dlbrt), mbr (wdllis), frnjcl (shel phngt), mheputlr systle (mpu, gltwhro, elehry)? ng clglrbi, tdl pibmls tdbt mhuij abni ugjlr strlls! Jhebng; lefljjlj ]ystles Htdlr Lxbepil; Pdhgl ]ystle - eltwhro sbturbtlj, fut ght fihmongc >22
6. vhiuel Zlstngc Jla. vlrnay tdl fldbvnhr ha tdl systle ellts nts rlqs wdlg tdl systle ns sufklmtlj th b ibrcl vhiuel ha bmtnvnty ’hvlr ’ bgj lxtlgjlj plrnhj ha tnel. (elehry ilbo ” batlr b plrnhj ha tnel shatwbrl sthp ruggngc) (y6O typl prhfiles) (inents tdbt wnii fl rlbmd, inol ngtlclr inents ng b mhugtlr) Dhw th jh vhiuel tlstngc8 ]tbjnstnmbi bgbiysys thhis pdhgl systle ns 6:/3 lefljjlj systle (inol mbrs) brl ght 6:/3 ” flmbusl fbttlry inents
=. Pbplr; ]lrvnml Hrnlgtlj Brmdntlmrturl tlstngc; Bsurvly - ]HB bpps brl nephrtbgt augmtnhgbi bgj ghg-augmtnhgbi rlqs (Plrahrbgml, strlss, vhiuel). - ]HB ugnqul albturls tdbt bjj mhepilxnty th tlstngc furjlg ngmiujl; arhe ngtrnslmt jnstrnfutlj th hwglrsdnp sdbrlj behgc jnaalrlgt stboldhijlrs. ZL]ZNGC ILQLI] - ugnt tlstngc ILQLI, b sngcil slrvnml inol {lgj uslr}- 7{fibmofhx tlst} inol _slrvnml jlvlihplrU -7_wdntl fhx | fibmo fhxU 5 mhephglgt tlstngc _FPLI 5 mhgtrhi aihw crbpdU -7 strumturbi tlstngc - ngtlcrbtnhg tlstngc 5 euitnpil slrvnmls - rlcrlssnhg tlstngc 5
Zdl rlst ha tdl pbplr ns bfhut ]IB 88 Bgj bish tbio bfhut ngtlrlstngc mhepinmbtnhgs
:. PBPLV; Mihuj>; B shatwbrl Zlstngc ]lrvnml Mihuj> ns b thhi. - "tlstngc bs b slrvnml― - mihuj fbslj tlstngc" - jlvlihp shatwbrl bgj ’upihbj― th fl tlstlj fy shelhgl ngth tdl mihuj - Mihhj ebjl qubinty mlrtnanmbtnhg. _\IU - ’syefhinm lxlmutnhg ngth tdl mihuj 5 lxpihrl lxlmutnhg pbtds yhu rlqunlrl MP\ b iht bgj Dncdlr elehry. Fut tdbt wdbt tdl Mihuj Prhvnjl!
!
