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PCALVKEBLE BKJK^L X^LZLOD\D PDAKGNDBJ >04>
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NDN L PKBFDM[A[DB
4"4"
Advd~ Nkadedbj
Kbk~jl gk~{pdedb gk~{pdedb xdadm xdv{ ekn{v{mdb {vdgd fdadg ekmlf{pdb gdb{xld gdb{xld"" Pkblbjed Pkblbjedvdb vdb ekn{v{md ekn{v{mdb b kbk~jl kbk~jl fdpdv fdpdv gk~{pde gk~{pdedb db lbfledv lbfledvc~ c~ pkblbjedvdb
ekgdeg{~db!
bdg{b
nk~xdgddb
fkbjdb
lv{
o{jd
gkblgn{aedb gdxdadm fdadg {xdmd pkb|kflddbb|d" Pkgdedldb kbk~jl x{~|d fl Lbfcbkxld gkgp{b|dl p~cxpke |dbj xdbjdv ndle! gkbjlbjdv ndmzd xkhd~d jkcj~dilx xkndjdl bkjd~d v~cplx! gkalbvdbj jd~lx edv{alxvlzd nk~pcvkbxl kbk~jl x{~|d |dbj h{e{p ndle" Pkgdbiddvdb Vkbdjd X{~|d gkada{l ecbyk~xl Pmcvcycavdlh vkadm ndb|de flvk~dpedb dbvd~d adlb! pkbk~dpdb xlxvkg lbflylf{ fdb xlxvkg m|n~lf |dlv{ xlxvkg pkbjjdn{bjdb dbvd~d x{gnk~ kbk~jl ecbykbxlcbda fkbjdb x{gnk~ kbk~jl vk~nd~{edb" Pdfd Pdfd ecbf ecbflx lxll nknd nkndb b ~kbf ~kbfdm dm xlxv xlxvkg kg nkek nkek~o ~odd fkbj fkbjdb db xlxv xlxvkg kg lbyk~vk~ lbyk~vk~ fdb ndvk~dl ndvk~dl""
Oled nkndb nkndb vk~{x nk~vdgn nk~vdgndm dm mlbjjd gkbhdpd gkbhdpdll
edpdxlvdx |dbj vk~fdpdv pdfd lbyk~vk~ dvd{ vkjdbjdb ndvk~dl xkgdelb ~kbfdm! gded xlxvkg ecbv~ca dedb xkjk~d gkbjcpk~dxledb gkbjcpk~dxledb jkbxkv! gded jkbxkv jkbxkv dedb nk~i{bjx nk~i{bjxll xkndjdl xkndjdl DH#FH DH#FH
ecbyk~vk ecbyk~vk~~ {bv{e pkbjlxldb pkbjlxldb
ndvk~dl! fdb fdpdv fdp dv nk~cpk~dxl nk~c pk~dxl xkhd~d pd~daka {bv{e { bv{e gkgkb{ml gkgkb{m l ekn{v{mdb ekn {v{mdb nkndb vk~xkn{v" Fkbjdb fkgleldb! ecbflxl pkgnkndbdb flkxka gkbodfl xdbjdv kilxlkb ed~kbd mdb|d nk~cpk~dxl pdfd nkndb vk~vkbv{"
8
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Ndjdlgdbd Hd~d Gkgdbiddvdb Kbk~jl X{~|d3
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Ndjdlgdbd P~cxkx Jd|d Jk~de Alxv~le Pdfd Kbk~jl X{~|d3
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4">"9" Dpd Ekj{bddb Fd~l Kbk~jl X{~|d3 4">":"
Ndjdlgdbd P~cxpke Pkbjj{bddb Xka X{~|d Flndbflbjedb
fkbjdb Kbk~jl Adlb3
4"8 V{o{db Pkb{alxdb 4, [bv{e gkgpk~ekbdaedb pdfd gdx|d~dedv vkbvdbj ekj{bddb fd~l
kbk~jl x{~|d fdadg ekmlf{pdb xkmd~l ' md~l >, [bv{e gkbjkvdm{l pk~ndbflbjdb xka x{~|d fkbjdb kbk~jl adlb 8, [bv{e gkbjdode gdx|d~dedv le{v gkgdbiddvedb kbk~jl x{~|d lbl
fdadg ekmlf{pdb xkmd~'md~l dvd{ {bv{e ekpk~a{db adlbb|d"
6
NDN LL ADBFDXDB VKC^L
Pkgndbjelv Alxv~le Vkbdjd X{~|d
dfdadm pkgndbjelv |dbj
gkgdbiddvedb xlbd~ gdvdmd~l xkndjdl x{gnk~ pkbjmdxla alxv~le" Dadv {vdgd {bv{e gkbdbjedp! pk~{ndm fdb pkbjmdxla alxv~le dfdadm Pmcvcycavdlh |dbj flxkn{v
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Fkbjdb dadv vk~xkn{v xlbd~ gdvdmd~l fl~{ndm gkbodfl alxv~le gkada{l p~cxkx dal~db'dal~db kakev~cb bkjdvli fdb pcxlvli flfdadg hkaa gcf{a vk~xkn{v ed~kbd pk~nkfddb kakhv~cb" Mdxla fd~l dal~db kakev~cb'kakev~cb dedb gkbodfl alxv~le FH |dbj fdpdv adbjx{bj flgdbidvedb {bv{e gkbjlxl ndvvk~| # del xkx{dl vkjdbjdb fdb dgpk~k |dbj flpk~a{edb" ^dvd'~dvd p~cf{e gcf{a xcad~ hkaa |dbj dfd flpdxd~db gkbjmdxlaedb vkjdbjdb 4> x#f 4= YFH fdb dgpk~k dbvd~d 0"; x#f : Dgpk~k" Gcf{a o{jd gkglalel edpdxlvdx nk~dbked ~djdg g{adl edpxlvdx 40 Zdvv Pkde x#f >00 Zdvv Pkde o{jd gkglalel v|pk hkaa gcbch~|xvda fdb pca|h~|xvda" Ecgpcbkb lbvl fd~l xlxvkg PAVX lbl gkalp{vl pk~dadvdb ? Gcf{a Xcad~ Hkaa! ^kj{advc~ # hcbv~caak~! Ndvvk~| # Del! Lbyk~vk~ FH ek DH! Nkndb # Acdf" Pdfd x{dv{ pk~{xdmddb |dbj
vkadm
gkbjkgndbjedb nknk~dpd p~cf{e PAVX |dbj flj{bdedb {bv{e ~{gdm vdbjjd fkbjdb xedad ekhla! hcbvcm pdekv p~cf{eb|d dfdadm Pkbk~dbjdb Alxv~le ^{gdm -PA^," Fkbjdb pdekv p~cf{e PA^ vk~xkn{v fdpdv flgdbiddvedb {bv{e pd~d pkbf{f{e fl Lbfcbkxld {bv{e xca{xl dedb ekn{v{mdb alxv~le |dbj fl fdk~dmb|d x{alv flodbjed{ alxv~le PAB dvd{ fl fdk~dm pkacxce fdb p~cf{e pdekv PA^ lbl fd~l zdev{ ek zdev{ o{jd
;
fln{v{medb nknk~dpd ecbx{gkb pk~ecvddb fdb pk~{xdmddb fkbjdb gdex{f gkbjecgnlbdxledb fkbjdb alxv~le PAB" ^dvd'~dvd p~cf{e pdekv PA^ lbl flj{bdedb {bv{e adgp{'adgp{ pkbk~dbjdb fl ~{gdm! edbvc~! vkgpdv lndfdm! vkgpdv {g{g fkbjdb xedad ekhla fdb gkbkbjdm fdb mdxlab|d fd~l pkbjj{bddb vk~xkn{v edad{ flmlv{bj xkhd~d nkxd~ flxka{~{m Lbfcbkxld! gded fkilxlv dedb alxv~le PAB dedb vk~dvdxl ed~kbd PA^ v{~{v gkgndbv{ fdadg p~cj~dg pkbjmkgdvdb alxv~le" Nd|dbjedb nlad vldp ~{gdm! edbvc~! vkgpdv lndfdm! vkgpdv {g{g fl xka{~{m p{ad{ odzd nknk~dpd pk~dadvdb adgp{ pkbk~dbjdbb|d fljdbvl # flecgnlbdxl fkbjdb xlxvkg PAVX! gded pkbjmkgdvdb fdadg alxv~le PAB dedb vk~z{o{f xkhd~d b|dvd" Edac ~dj{ hcnd flmlv{bj xdod! glxda 8 adgp{ = Zdvv -PAX#Hcca fd| aljmv! a{gkb hdmdb|d xdgd fkbjdb adgp{ plod~ 60 Zdvv, {bv{e vldp ~{gdm gkbjj{bdedb PAVX gded! -= Zdvv } 8 n{dm, } >0o{vd#gdadg -Pk~el~ddb Pkgdedl PAB, 7 6=0"000"000 Zdvv#gdadg" Xlxvkg Pkgndbjelv Alxv~le Vkbdjd X{~|d -PAVX, dedb aknlm flglbdvl ed~kbd fdpdv flj{bdedb {bv{e ekpk~a{db dpd xdod fdb fl gdbd xdod ? ndbj{bdb nkxd~! pdn~le! pk~{gdmdb!fdb adlbb|d" Xkadlb pk~xkflddbb|d vdbpd ndvdx! vkbdjd x{~|d b|d~lx vdbpd fdgpde n{~{e vk~mdfdp albje{bjdb flndbflbjedb ndmdb nded~ adlbb|d"Fl bkjd~d'bkjd~d lbf{xv~l gdo{ xkpk~vl Okpdbj! Dgk~led Xk~ledv! fdb nknk~dpd bkjd~d fl K~cpd fkbjdb ndbv{db x{nxlfl fd~l pkgk~lbvdm vkadm fla{bh{~edb p~cj~dg'p~cj~dg {bv{e gkgdx|d~dedvedb alxv~le vkbdjd x{~|d lbl" Vlfde lv{ xdod fl bkjd~d'bkjd~d xkfdbj nk~ekgndbj xkpk~vl Lbfld! Gcbjca p~cgcxl pkgdedldb x{gnk~ kbk~jl |dbj fdpdv
9
flpk~ndmd~{l lbl vk~{x flade{edb" [bv{e aknlm gkbjkvdm{l dpd lv{ pkgndbjelv alxv~le vkbdjd x{~|d dvd{ edgl xlbjedv fkbjdb PAVX gded fdadg v{alxdb lbl dedb flokadxedb xkhd~d xlbjedv ecgpcbkb'ecgpcbkb |dbj gkgnkbv{e PAVX! xlxvlg ekalxv~ledb vkbdjd x{~|d fdb v~kbf vkebcacjl |dbj dfd" PAVX fdpdv flgdbiddvedb {bv{e nk~ndjdl gdhdg xlxvkg hdv{fd|d |dbj dbvd~d adlb ? •
Xlxvkg alxv~le pkbk~dbjdb ~{gdm xkpk~vl ? xlxvkg xkbv~dalxdxl! x|xvkg xkglxkbv~dal'xdxl! xlxvkg fkxkbv~dalxdxl fdb xlxvkg mln~lf"
•
Xlxvkg Pcgpd Dl~ xkpk~vl ? pcgpd dl~ glb{g! pcgpd l~ljdxl"
•
Xlxvkg
Ekxkmdvdb
xkpk~vl? pkb|lgpdb ydexlb! pkb|lgpdb
fd~dm! ecg{bledxl XXN fl p{xekxgdx! fdb pkbk~dbjdb p{xekxgdx vk~pkbhla" •
Xlxvkg Ecg{bledxl xkpk~vl ? vkakylxk ~kpkdvk~! ~dflc ~kpkdvk~! ecg{bledxl xvdxl{b ek~kvd dpl"
•
Xlxvkg Pkgbdf{ V~dbxpc~vdxl xkpk~vl? ~dflc xlb|da ndbfd~d! pkb{bo{e odadb! pk~xlgpdbjdb odadb ek~kvd dpl! pkbk~dbjdb vk~czcbjdb! adgp{ x{d~ {bv{e bdyljdxl! adgp{'adgp{ ~dgn{"
•
Xlxvkg p~cvkexl ed~dv xkpk~vl? p~cvkexl edvcfle {bv{e okgndvdb! plpd! p~cvkexl xv~{ev{~ ndod"
•
Adlb'adlb xkpk~vl? adgp{ pkbk~dbjdb odadb! xlxvkg pkbhdvdv jkgpd adgp{ vdgdb! dl~ gdbh{~! edae{advc~! d~acol fdb gcnla x{~|d"
:
NDN LLL PKGNDMDXDB 8"4 Xkod~dm Pmcvcycavdlh
Kike pmcvcycavdlh pk~vdgd edal flekbdal pdfd vdm{b 4=8< cakm ilxledzdb Pk~dbhlx Dak}dbf~k'Kfgcbf Nkht{k~ka" Dedb vkvdpl! xka x{~|d |dbj pk~vdgd fln{dv nd~{ pdfd vdm{b 4==8 cakm Hmd~akx I~lvvx! |dbj gkalbje{pl xkglecbf{evc~ xkakbl{g fkbjdb xkn{dm adplxdb kgdx |dbj xdbjdv vlplx {bv{e gkgnkbv{e xdgn{bjdb'xdgn{bjdb" Dadv vk~xkn{v mdb|d gkglalel kilxlkbxl 4+" ^{xxkaa Cma gkgdvkbedb xka x{~|d gcfk~b pdfd vdm{b 4<69 -["X" Pdvkbv >!60>!99> ! .Aljmv xkbxlvlyk fkylhk.," Gdxd kgdx vkebcacjl vkbdjd x{~|d vlnd pdfd vdm{b 4<;6 ekvled Nkaa Adnc~dvc~lkx! |dbj nk~kexpk~lgkb fkbjdb xkglecbf{evc~! xkhd~d vlfde flxkbjdod gkbkg{edb ndmzd xlalecb |dbj fl fcplbj fkbjdb {bx{~ adlb gkbodfl xdbjdv xkbxlvli vk~mdfdp hdmd|d" Mda lbl gkb|kndnedb flg{adlb|d p~cxkx p~cf{exl xka x{~|d p~devlx fkbjdb ekgdgp{db ecbyk~xl kbk~jl x{~|d xknkxd~ xkelvd~ 9 pk~xkb"
=
8"> Fkilblxl Gcf{a X{~|d - Pmcvcycavdlh,
Gcf{a x{~|d -icvcycavdlh, dfdadm xko{gadm xka x{~|d |dbj fl~dbjedl xkhd~d xk~l fdb pd~daka! {bv{e gkblbjedvedb vkjdbjdb fdb d~{x |dbj flmdxlaedb xkmlbjjd h{e{p {bv{e pkgdedldb xlxvkg hdv{ fd|d nkndb" [bv{e gkbfdpdvedb eka{d~db kbk~jl alxv~le |dbj gdexlg{g gded pk~g{eddb gcf{a x{~|d md~{x xkada{ gkbjd~dm ek gdvdmd~l" Ecgpcbkb {vdgd xlxvkg x{~|d pmcvcycavdlh dfdadm gcf{a |dbj gk~{pdedb {blv ~delvdb nknk~dpd xka x{~|d pmcvcycavdlh" [bv{e gkgn{dv gcf{a pmcvcycavdlh xkhd~d pdn~ledxl nlxd gkbjj{bdedb vkebcacjl e~lxvda fdb vmlb ilag" Gcf{a pmcvcycavdlh e~lxvda fdpdv fln{dv fkbjdb vkebcacjl |dbj ~kadvli xkfk~mdbd! xkfdbjedb {bv{e gkgn{dv xka pmcvcycavdlh flpk~a{edb vkebcacjl vlbjjl" Gcf{a pmcvcycavdlh vk~x{x{b fd~l nknk~dpd xka pmcvcycavdlh |dbj flm{n{bjedb xkhd~d xk~l fdb pd~daaka"
8"8 Hd~d Pkgdbiddvdb Kbk~jl X{~|d
Xka x{~|d dfdadm x{dv{ ecgpcbkb kakev~cbled |dbj fdpdv gkbj{ndm kbk~jl x{~|d gkbodfl kbk~jl alxv~le fdadg nkbv{e d~{x xkd~dm -FH, " Gcf{a x{~|d -icvcycavdlh, dfdadm xko{gadm xka x{~|d |dbj fl~dbjedl xkhd~d xk~l fdb pd~daka! {bv{e gkblbjedvedb vkjdbjdb fdb d~{x |dbj flmdxlaedb xkmlbjjd h{e{p {bv{e pkgdedldb xlxvkg hdv{ fd|d nkndb" [bv{e gkbfdpdvedb eka{d~db kbk~jl alxv~le |dbj gdexlg{g gded pk~g{eddb gcf{a x{~|d md~{x xkada{ gkbjd~dm ek gdvdmd~l" Fl Lbfcbkxld! kbk~jl alxv~le |dbj cpvlg{g dedb flfdpdv dpdnlad gcf{a x{~|d fld~dmedb
<
fkbjdb x{f{v ekgl~lbjdb xknkxd~ albvdbj acedxl PAVX vk~xkn{v nk~dfd" Xkndjdl hcbvcm! {bv{e fdk~dm |dbj nk~dfd fl xknkadm {vd~d edv{alxvlzd gded gcf{a x{~|d md~{x flmdfdpedb ek Xkadvdb! fdb xkndaleb|d" Xkadbo{vb|d kbk~jl alxv~le vk~xkn{v flxlgpdb fdadg Ndvk~dl" Ndvk~dl flxlbl nk~i{bjxl xkndjdl pkb|lgpdb kbk~jl alxv~le xkhd~d elgldzl pdfd xldbj md~l fdb nk~i{bjxl xkndjdl hdv{ fd|d alxv~le pdfd gdadg md~l" [bv{e gkbodjd ekxkvlgndbjdb kbk~jl fl fdadg ndvk~dl! flpk~a{edb dadv pkbjdv{~ kakev~cble |dbj flxkn{v Ndvvk~| Hmd~jk ^kj{advc~ " Dadv lbl nk~i{bjxl {bv{e gkbjdv{~ vkjdbjdb gdexlgda fdb glblgda fd~l ndvk~dl fdb gkgnk~ledb pkbjdgdbdb vk~mdfdp xlxvkg! |dlv{ p~cvkexl vk~mdfdp pkbjlxldb nk~aknlm -cyk~hmd~jk, cakm pkb|lbd~db gdvdmd~l! pkgdedldb nk~aknlm -cyk~flxhmd~jk, cakm nkndb! gkbhkjdm vk~odflb|d d~{x ndale ek gcf{a x{~|d! gkalbf{bjl vk~odflb|d m{n{bj xlbjedv pdfd nkndb alxv~le fdb xkndjdl lbvk~ecbkexl fd~l ecgpcbkb'ecgpcbkb adlbb|d"
Jdgnd~ Xekgd p~cxkx pkgdbiddvdb kbk~jl x{~|d
40
8"6 Jd|d Jk~de Alxv~le pdfd Kbk~jl X{~|d
Xkhd~d xkfk~mdbd! p~cxkx pkgnkbv{edb jd|d jk~de alxv~le -JJA, pdfd xkn{dm xka x{~|d dfdadm xkndjdl nk~le{v? 4" Icvcb fd~l hdmd|d gdvdmd~l gkb{gn{e pdbka x{~|d ekg{fldb
flxk~dp cakm gdvk~lda xkglecbf{evc~ xkpk~vl xlalecb" >" Kakev~cb -g{dvdb bkjdvli, vk~akgpd~ eka{d~ fd~l dvcgb|d! xkmlbjjd
gkbjdal~ gkada{l gdvk~lda xkglecbf{evc~ {bv{e gkbjmdxlaedb alxv~le" G{dvdb pcxlvli |dbj flxkn{v mcak -a{ndbj, gkbjdal~ fkbjdb d~dm |dbj nk~adzdbdb fkbjdb kakev~cb pdfd pdbka x{~|d xlalecb" 8" Jdn{bjdb#x{x{bdb nknk~dpd pdbka x{~|d gkbj{ndm kbk~jl x{~|d gkbodfl x{gnk~ fd|d alxv~le FH"
Ekvled xkn{dm icvcb gkb{gn{e xkn{dm akgpkbj xlalecb! xdadm xdv{ fd~l vljd p~cxkx ekg{bjelbdb vk~odfl! |dlv{? 4" Icvcb fdpdv gkakzdvl xlalecb5 nldxdb|d vk~odfl pdfd icvcb fkbjdb kbk~jl ~kbfdm" >" Icvcb fdpdv vk~pdbv{aedb fd~l pk~g{eddb" 8" Icvcb vk~xkn{v fdpdv flxk~dp cakm xlalecb |dbj ekg{fldb? d" Gkbjmdxlaedb pdbdx! dvd{ n" Gkbjmdxlaedb pdxdbjdb kakev~cb'a{ndbj! oled kbk~jl icvcb aknlm nkxd~ fd~lpdfd bladl hkadm plvd xlalecb"
44
Ekvled xkn{dm icvcb flxk~dp! kbk~jlb|d flnk~ledb ek kakev~cb fl adplxdb e~lxvda" Nldxdb|d kakev~cb lbl nk~dfd fl plvd ydakbxl! fdb vk~ledv k~dv xkhd~d ecydakb dbvd~d dvcg'dvcg vkvdbjjdb|d xkmlbjjd vlfde fdpdv nk~jk~de od{m fkbjdb aka{dxd" Kbk~jl |dbj flnk~ledb ekpdfdb|d cakm icvcb gkbjkexlvdxlb|d ek plvd ecbf{exl! flgdbd ld dedb nkndx {bv{e nk~jk~de fdadg xkglecbf{evc~ vk~xkn{v" Ledvdb ecydakb |dbj xknka{gb|d vk~odfl pdfd kakev~cb vdfl gkbodfl eke{~dbjdb xdv{ kakev~cb5 mda lbl flxkn{v mcak -a{ndbj," Eknk~dfddb ledvdb ecydakb |dbj mladbj gkbodfledb kakev~cb |dbj vk~ledv pdfd dvcg vkvdbjjd nk~jk~de ek a{ndbj! gkbljjdaedb a{ndbj adlbb|d! fdb fkbjdb odadb lbl xkn{dm a{ndbj fdpdv nk~jk~de gkada{l adplxdb e~lxvda" Odfl! fdpdv fledvdedb ndmzd icvcb'icvcb |dbj flxk~dp fdadg xkglecbf{evc~ gkgn{dv pdxdbjdb'pdxdbjdb kakev~cb'a{ndbj |dbj fdpdv nk~jk~de" Xkn{dm icvcb mdb|d pk~a{ gkglalel kbk~jl aknlm nkxd~ fd~l hkadm plvd x{pd|d nlxd gkbjkexlvdxl xkn{dm kakev~cb fd~l plvd ydakbxl ek plvd ecbf{exl" Gkxelp{b fkgleldb! xpkev~{g i~ke{kbxl x{~|d gkbfkedvl xpkev~{g ~dfldxl nkbfd mlvdg -nadhe ncf|, pdfd r9000 E! fdb cakm ed~kbd lv{ ndb|de ~dfldxl x{~|d |dbj gkbhdpdl N{gl vk~fl~l dvdx icvcb fkbjdb kbk~jl aknlm nkxd~ fd~l hkadm plvd xlalecb" Icvcb fkbjdb kbk~jl |dbj h{e{p nkxd~ lbl dedb flxk~dp cakm xka x{~|d! vkvdpl pk~nkfddb kbk~jl dbvd~d icvcb'icvcb lbl fkbjdb hkadm plvd xlalecb fl{ndm gkbodfl edac~ -gkada{l jkvd~db adplxdb e~lxvda |dbj flxkn{v icbcb, n{edb fdadg nkbv{e kbk~jl alxv~le |dbj fdpdv flj{bdedb xkadbo{vb|d"
4>
8"; Xekgd Xdgn{bjdb P'B
Xka x{~|d |dbj pdalbj ndb|de flekbda flnkbv{e xkndjdl fdk~dm a{dx xdgn{bjdb P'B |dbj fln{dv fd~l xlalecb" Xkndjdl pkb|kfk~mdbddb! xkxkc~dbj fdpdv flnd|dbjedb gkbkgpka xkadplx xlalecb vlpk'b fkbjdb xkadplx xlalecb vlpk'p" Pdfd p~devkeb|d! xdgn{bjdb P'B vlfde fln{dv xkpk~vl lbl! vkvdpl fkbjdb hd~d pkbfli{xldb pkbjcvc~ vlpk'b ek xdv{ xlxl fd~l zdik~ vlpk'p -dvd{ xkndaleb|d," Oled xkndjldb xlalecb vlpk'p flakvdeedb nk~fkedvdb fkbjdb xkndjldb xlalecb vlpk'b! gded dedb vk~odfl fli{xl kakev~cb fd~l fdk~dm |dbj gkglalel ecbxkbv~dxl kakev~cb vlbjjl -xlxl xdgn{bjdb vlpk'b, ek fdk~dm fkbjdb ecbxkbv~dxl kakev~cb ~kbfdm -xlxl xdgn{bjdb vlpk'p," Ekvled kakev~cb nk~fli{xl gkakzdvl xdgn{bjdb p'b! gk~ked nk~jdn{bj fkbjdb a{ndbj fl xlxl vlpk'p" Fli{xl pkgndzd vlfde vk~odfl vdbpd ndvdx ed~kbd gkfdb alxv~le |dbj fln{dv cakm ekvlfdexklgndbjdb g{dvdb pdfd ekf{d xlxl xdgn{bjdb |dbj fln{dv cakm p~cxkx fli{xl lbl" Gkfdb alxv~le |dbj vk~nkbv{e xkpdbodbj xdgn{bjdb p'b gkgn{dv xkn{dm flcfd |dbj gkbjdal~edb d~{x fdadg xdv{ d~dm xkpdbodbj xdgn{bjdb" Kakev~cb nlxd nk~jk~de fd~l xlxl vlpk'b ek xlxl vlpk'p! xkfdbjedb a{ndbj fdpdv akzdv fd~l xlxl vlpk'p ek xlxl vlpk'b" Fdk~dm flgdbd kake~cb vkadm nk~fli{xl xkpdbodbj xdgn{bjdb lbl flxkn{v xkndjdl fdk~dm fkpakxl ed~kbd ld vlfde adjl gkbjdbf{bj pkgndzd g{dvdb nkndx" Mda lbl o{jd flekbda xkndjdl .xpdhk hmd~jk ~kjlcb."
48
Jdgnd~ Xpdhk Hmd~jk ~kjlcb
8"9 Pkgdedldb Kbk~jl X{~|d
Fl Lbfcbkxld xlxvkg pmcvcycavdlh vkadm flgdbiddvedb dbvd~d adlb {bv{e pkbk~dbjdb -~{gdm vdbjjd! odadb,! pcgpd dl~! hdv{ fd|d ndjl pk~dbjedv vkakecg{bledxl! VY {g{g! pkbflbjlb -dbvd~d adlb {bv{e cndv' cndvdb,! ~dgn{'~dgn{ ad{v! pkbk~dbjdb {bv{e gkbdbjedp ledb fdb dpaledxl adlbb|d" Xdadm xdv{ hd~d pkb|kflddb kbk~jl alxv~le davk~bdvli |dbj xldp {bv{e flvk~dpedb xkhd~d gdxda pdfd xddv lbl dfdadm gkbjj{bdedb x{dv{ xlxvkg vkebcacjl |dbj flpk~ekbdaedb xkndjdl Xlxvkg Kbk~jl X{~|d Pmcvcycavdlh -XKXI, dvd{ xkhd~d {g{g flekbda xkndjdl Pkgndbjelv Alxv~le Vkbdjd X{~|d Pmcvcycavdlh -PAVX Pmcvcycavdlh," Xkn{vdb XKXI gk~{pdedb lxvladm |dbj vkadm flnde{edb cakm pkgk~lbvdm |dbj flj{bdedb {bv{e gkbjlfkbvliledxledb x{dv{ xlxvkg pkgndbjelv kbk~jl |dbj gkgdbiddvedb kbk~jl gdvdmd~l fdb
46
gkbjj{bdedb
vkebcacjl
pmcvcycavdlh"
Flndbflbjedb
kbk~jl
alxv~le
ecbykbxlcbda pdfd {g{gb|d! XKXI vk~ekxdb ~{glv! gdmda fdb x{alv flcpk~dxledb" Bdg{b fd~l pkbjdadgdb aknlm fd~l 4; vdm{b cpk~dxlcbda fl nknk~dpd edzdxdb fl Lbfcbkxld! XKXI gk~{pdedb x{dv{ xlxvkg |dbj g{fdm flfdadg pkbjcpk~dxldbb|d! mdbfda! xk~vd gkgk~a{edb nld|d pkgkalmd~ddb fdb cpk~dxl |dbj ~kbfdm gkbodfledb XKXI gdgp{ nk~xdlbj fkbjdb vkebcacjl ecbykbxlcbda pdfd xkndjldb nkxd~ ecbflxl zlad|dm Lbfcbkxld |dbj vk~fl~l dvdx p{ad{ ' p{ad{ ekhla |dbj x{alv flodbjed{ fdb vk~jcacbj xkndjdl edzdxdb vk~pkbhla" Xkadlb lv{ XKXI gk~{pdedb x{dv{ vkebcacjl |dbj nk~xlm fdb vlfde gkbhkgd~l albje{bjdb" Nknk~dpd ecbflxl |dbj xkx{dl {bv{e pkbjj{bddb XKXI dbvd~d adlb pdfd pkg{elgdb fkxd vk~pkbhla! acedxl v~dbxglj~dxl! pk~ekn{bdb! bkad|db fdb adlb xkndjdlb|d! ndle {bv{e pkbk~dbjdb ~{gdm gd{p{b {bv{e idxlalvdx {g{g" Dedb vkvdpl xkx{dl fkbjdb pk~ekgndbjdb odgdb! pdfd xddv lbl fl bkjd~d'bkjd~d gdo{ pkbk~dpdb XKXI vkadm ndb|de flj{bdedb {bv{e x{padl kbk~jl alxv~le fl jkf{bj'jkf{bj fdb pk~{gdmdb fl ecvd'ecvd nkxd~" Gkbjlbjdv pk~db fdb i{bjxlb|d! vkebcacjl pmcvcycavdlh gkgp{b|dl xlidv
|dbj
xdbjdv
iakexlnka
fdadg
vkeble
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ndbj{b
fdb
pkgdbiddvdbb|d" Dpaledxl gcf{a lbl fdpdv flvk~dpedb {bv{e pkgdxdbjdb lbflylf{da gd{p{b ekacgpce xkmlbjjd fdpdv flade{edb fkbjdb xzdfd|d pk~c~dbjdb! gdx|d~dedv! pk~{xdmddb dvd{ flecc~flbl~ cakm PAB" Fdadg mda pkbfdbddb5 p~c|ke pmcvcycavdlh gkbodfl xdbjdv g{bjelb {bv{e gkbodfl
4;
xd~dbd ndbv{db#ek~odxdgd a{d~ bkjk~l! pd~vlxlpdxl pk~{xdmddb gd{p{b jcacbjdb -hcgg{blv| fkykacpgkbv, {bv{e gkbf{e{bj p~cj~dg alxv~le pkfkxddb dvd{ pkb|kflddb odxd kbk~jl xkpk~vl? • Alxv~le {bv{e pkbk~dbjdb ~{gdm vdbjjd • Odxd kbk~jl {bv{e idxlalvdx {g{g? Pcgpd#pkbok~blmdb dl~!
^{gdm pk~lndfdvdb! Vkakpcb {g{g dvd{ pkfkxddb! vkakylxl {g{g! Pkbk~dbjdb odadb fdb adlbb|d • Pkgdxce kbk~jl ndjl idxlalvdx p~cf{exl •
Lbvkj~dxl pmcvcycavdlh pdfd ndbj{bdb {bv{e alxv~le pkfkxddb
8": Dpaledxl XKXI [bv{e Alxv~le Pkfkxddb
Xdadm
xdv{
pkgdbiddvdb
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flpk~j{bdedb dfdadm {bv{e pkb|kflddb alxv~le pkfkxddb vk~{vdgd pdfd edzdxdb vk~pkbhla |dbj x{alv flodbjed{" Pkbk~dpdb XKXI fdpdv flade{edb fkbjdb pkgdxdbjdb xlxvlg fkxkbv~dalxdxl gkbjj{bdedb od~lbjdb alxv~le aceda" Nknk~dpd idevc~ pkbvlbj |dbj gkgpkbjd~{ml pkglalmdb xlxvlg fldvdx dfdadm vcpcj~dil edzdxdb! flxv~ln{xl acedxl pk~{gdmdb! ed~devk~lxvle nkndb xk~vd xlxvlg pkgnld|ddb |dbj flvk~dpedb" Nk~fdxd~edb
mdxla
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Okbfk~da
Alxv~le
fdb
Pkbjkgndbjdb Kbk~jl -FOAPK,! ecbx{gxl alxv~le ~dvd'~dvd pk~'~{gdmvdbjjd pkgdedl alxv~le fl pkfkxddb -4<<6, vk~hdvdv xkelvd~ 96 eZm#vdm{b" Dbjed lbl dedb xkvd~d fkbjdb ecbx{gxl alxv~le xknkxd~ 4:; Zm#md~l" Gkbjj{bdedb dbjed'dbjed |dbj vkadm flxdoledb flg{ed! gcf{a pmcvcycavdlh edpdxlvdx ;0
49
Zp fdpdv gkgnk~ledb eka{d~db alxv~le ~dvd'~dvd xknkxd~ >00 Zm#md~l" Gded! XKXI fkbjdb edpdxlvdx ;0 Zp flpk~el~dedb h{e{p {bv{e gkgkb{ml ecbx{gxl alxv~le pdfd ~{gdm vdbjjd fl pkfkxddb" Vlbjedv kecbcglx XKXI xlxvkg od~lbjdb pdfd {g{gb|d fdpdv flpk~ndlel fkbjdb pkbk~dpdb xlxvkg mln~lfd -m|n~lf x|xvkg,! |dlv{ gkbjecgnlbdxledb XKXI fkbjdb xlxvkg pkgndbjelv alxv~le fkbjdb x{gnk~ kbk~jl vk~nd~{edb adlb |dbj fdpdv flekgndbjedb fledzdxdb vk~xkn{v -xkpk~vl ? kbk~jl dbjlb! gle~cmlf~c! fdb nlcgdxxd, dvd{ pkgndbjelv alxv~le ecbykbxlcbda jkbxkv flkxka {bv{e xdalbj gkbf{e{bj" Xlxvkg lbl flbladl pdalbj hchce {bv{e fdk~dm p~d'kakev~liledxl -p~k'kakhv~lilkf," [bv{e ekpk~a{db lbl! lbxvdadxl Pmcvcycavdlh'b|d fdpdv fln{dv pk~gdbkb xkmlbjjd gkbodfl xlxvkg lbvk~ecbkexl dvd{ fln{dv xkhd~d gcnlak {bv{e flplbfdmedb ek edzdxdb adlb |dbj dedb flekgndbjedb" Nkndb bc~gda! vk~{vdgd pdfd xldbj md~l fdpdv flpdxce fd~l gcf{a pmcvcycavdlh! xkfdbjedb nkndb p{bhde dedb flvdbjj{adbjl cakm jkbxkv flkxka" Fkbjdb fkgleldb pkgdedldb xlxvkg flxka fdpdv nkbd~'nkbd~ flcpvlgdaedb xkmlbjjd ekxka{~{mdb xlxvkg fdpdv nkek~od kilxlkb fdb kecbcglx" Pdfd zlad|dm |dbj gkgp{b|dl pcvkbxl vkbdjd dbjlb! pk~dbdb jkbxkv flkxka fdpdv fljdbvledb cakm pkgndbjelv alxv~le vkbdjd dbjlb dvd{ x{gnk~ kbk~jl vk~nd~{edb adlbb|d"
4:
8"= P~cxpke Pkbjj{bddb Xka X{~|d Flndbflbjedb fkbjdb Kbk~jl
Adlb
Kbk~jl nd~{ fdb vk~nd~{edb g{adl gkbfdpdv pk~mdvldb xkode vk~odflb|d e~lxlx kbk~jl f{bld |dlv{ pdfd vdm{b :0'db fdb xdadm xdv{ kbk~jl lv{ dfdadm kbk~jl x{~|d" Kbk~jl lv{ fdpdv nk~{ndm gkbodfl d~{x alxv~le |dbj xkd~dm |dlv{ fkbjdb gkbjj{bdedb xlalecb |dbj vlplx" Xkn{dm e~lxvda xlalbf~lx Xl flpk~cakm fkbjdb hd~d gkgdbdxedb Xl lv{ fkbjdb vkedbdb |dbj fldv{~ xkmlbjjd Xl lv{ nk~{ndm gkbodfl pkbjmdbvd~" Nlad e~lxvda xlalbf~lx lv{ flpcvcbj xkvknda 0!8 gg! dedb vk~nkbv{eadm xka'xka xlalecb |dbj vlplx dvd{ |dbj flxkn{v o{jd fkbjdb xka x{~|d pmcvcycavdlh" Xka'xka xlalecb lv{ flpdxdbj fkbjdb pcxlxl xkodod~#xk~l fdadg xkn{dm pdbka |dbj vk~n{dv fd~l da{g{bl{g dvd{ ndod dbvl ed~dv fdb flalbf{bjl cakm edhd dvd{ padxvle" Ekg{fldb pdfd vldp'vldp xdgn{bjdb xka lv{ flnk~l xdgn{bjdb alxv~le" Nlad xka'xka lv{ vk~ekbd xlbd~ gdvdmd~l gded pdfd xdgn{bjdb lv{ dedb gkbjdal~ d~{x alxv~le" Nkxd~b|d d~{x#vkbdjd alxv~le lv{ vk~jdbv{bj pdfd o{gadm kbk~jl hdmd|d |dbj gkbhdpdl xlalecb lv{ fdb a{dx pk~g{eddb xka lv{" Pdfd dxdxb|d xka x{~|d pmcvcycavdlh gk~{pdedb x{dv{ flcfd xkglecbf{evc~ |dbj nk~ek~od fdadg p~cxkx vde xklgndbj fdb nk~fdxd~edb kike pmcvcycavdlh" Fdadg p~cxkx lv{ xka x{~|d gkbjmdxlaedb vkjdbjdb 0!;'4 ycav vk~jdbv{bj lbvkbxlvdx hdmd|d fdb dv xkglecbf{evc~ |dbj flpdedl" Xkgkbvd~d lv{ lbvkbxlvdx kbk~jl |dbj vk~edbf{bj fdadg xlbd~ gdvdmd~l |dbj xdgpdl ek pk~g{eddb n{gl nkxd~b|d xkelvd~ 4000 Zdvv" Vdpl ed~kbd fd|d j{bd ecbyk~xl kbk~jl ~dfldxl gkbodfl kbk~jl alxv~le nk~fdxd~edb kike
4=
pmcvcycavdlh nd~{ gkbhdpdl >;+ gded p~cf{exl alxv~le gdexlgda |dbj flmdxlaedb xka x{~|d nd~{ gkbhdpdl >;0 Zdvv pk~ g> " Fd~l xlbl vk~almdv ndmzd PAVX lv{ gkgn{v{medb admdb |dbj a{dx" Mda lv{ gk~{pdedb xdadm xdv{ pkb|kndn md~jd PAVX gkbodfl gdmda" Flvdgndm adjl md~jd xka x{~|d pmcvcycavdlh nk~nkbv{e e~lxvda gdmda! mda lbl ed~kbd p~cxkx pkgn{dvdbb|d |dbj ~{glv" Bdg{b! ecbflxl jkcj~dilx Lbfcbkxld |dbj ndb|de gkglalel fdk~dm vk~pkbhla x{alv fln{n{bjedb fkbjdb od~lbjdb alxv~le PAB" Ekg{fldb xkndjdl bkjd~d v~cplx Lbfcbkxld gkgp{b|dl pcvkbxl kbk~jl x{~|d |dbj vlbjjl" Mda lbl vk~almdv fd~l ~dfldxl md~ldb |dlv{ xknkxd~ 6!; eZm#g>#md~l" Nk~d~vl p~cxpke pkbjj{bddb pmcvcycavdlh fl gdxd gkbfdvdbj h{e{p hk~dm" [bv{e lv{adm pk~a{ fl{xdmdedb gkbkedb md~jd pmcvcycavdlh glxdab|d fkbjdb hd~d xkndjdl nk~le{v" Pk~vdgd gkbjj{bdedb ndmdb xkglecbf{evc~ adlb xkpk~vl Edfgl{g X{aidv fdb Jdal{g D~xkble |dbj aknlm ecgpkvlvli" Ekf{d gkblbjedvedb kilxlkbxl xka x{~|d fd~l 40+ gkbodfl 4;+" Kbk~jl alxv~le |dbj nk~dxda fd~l kbk~jl x{~|d pk~vdgd edal flj{bdedb {bv{e pkbk~dbjdb ~{gdm vdbjjd fkbjdb xlxvkg fkxkbv~dalxdxl |dbj flekbda fkbjdb Xcad~ Mcgk X|xvkg -XMX,! ekg{fldb {bv{e VY {g{g! ecg{bledxl fdb pcgpd dl~" Xkgkbvd~d lv{ kyda{dxl p~cj~dg XMX fl Lbfcbkxld pdfd p~c|ke Fkxd X{edvdbl! Ndgp~kx! fdb alxv~le gdx{e fkxd gkb{bo{eedb vdbfd' vdbfd |dbj gkbjjkgnl~dedb fkbjdb eknk~mdxladb pkbk~dpdb xkhd~d ecgk~xlda" Nk~fdxd~edb pkbkalvldb |dbj flade{edb xdgpdl vdm{b 4<<6 o{gadm pkgdedldb xlxvkg pmcvcycavdlh fl Lbfcbkxld x{fdm gkbhdpdl nk~elxd~ >!;'8 GZp" \dbj pkgdedldbb|d gkalp{vl ekxkmdvdb 49+! mln~lfd :+!
4<
pcgpd dl~ ;+! pkbk~dbjdb pkfkxddb 48+! ^dflc fdb VY ecg{bledxl 69!9+ fdb adlbb|d 4>!6+" Ekg{fldb fd~l edoldb dzda NPPV flpk~cakm p~c|kexl ekn{v{mdb xlxvkg PAVX flpk~el~dedb dedb gkbhdpdl ;0 GZp" Xkgkbvd~d lv{ gkb{~{v pk~el~ddb |dbj adlb pkgdedldb pmcvcycavdlh fl Lbfcbkxld ;'40 vdm{b gkbfdvdbj dedb gkbhdpdl 400 GZ vk~{vdgd {bv{e pkbk~dbjdb fl pkfkxddb" Xkfdbjedb pk~glbvddb icvcycvdle flpk~el~dedb x{fdm gkbhdpdl ;> GZp" Ecgpcbkb {vdgd xlxvkg x{~|d pmcvcycavdlh dfdadm gcf{a |dbj gk~{pdedb {blv ~delvdb nknk~dpd xka x{~|d pmcvcycavdlh" [bv{e gkgn{dv gcf{a pmcvcycavdlh xkhd~d pdn~ledxl nlxd gkbjj{bdedb vkebcacjl e~lxvda fdb vmlb ilag" Gcf{a pmcvcycavdlh e~lxvda fdpdv fln{dv fkbjdb vkebcacjl |dbj ~kadvli xkfk~mdbd! xkfdbjedb {bv{e gkgn{dv xka pmcvcycavdlh flpk~a{edb vkebcacjl vlbjjl" Gcf{a pmcvcycavdlh vk~x{x{b fd~l nknk~dpd xka pmcvcycavdlh |dbj flm{n{bjedb xkhd~d xk~l fdb pd~daka" Nld|d |dbj fleka{d~edb {bv{e gkgn{dv gcf{a xka x{~|d |dlv{ xknkxd~ 90+ fd~l nld|d vcvda" Odfl! oled gcf{a xka x{~|d lv{ nlxd flp~cf{exl fl fdadg bkjk~l nk~d~vl dedb nlxd gkbjmkgdv nld|d pkgndbj{bdb PAVX" [bv{e lv{adm! gcf{a pkgn{dvdb xka x{~|d fl Lbfcbkxld vdmdp pk~vdgd dfdadm gkgn{dv nlbjedl -i~dgk,! ekg{fldb gkgn{dv adglbdxl fkbjdb xka'xka |dbj gdxlm fllgpc~" Oled pk~glbvddb pdxd~ ndb|de gded pkgn{dvdb xka flade{edb fl fdadg bkjk~l" Mda lbl ed~kbd vkebcacjl pkgn{dvdb xka x{~|d fkbjdb ndmdb xlalecb xlbjak fdb pca| h~lxvda xkhd~d vkc~lvlx x{fdm fle{dxdl" Fdadg nlfdbj pmcvcycavdlh |dbj flj{bdedb pdfd PAVX! Lbfcbkxld vk~b|dvd vkadm gkakzdvl vdmdpdb
>0
pkbkalvldb fdb pkbjkgndbjdb fdb xked~dbj gkb{o{ vdmdpdb pkadexdbddb fdb lbxvdadxl {bv{e kakev~liledxl {bv{e pkfkxddb" Vkebcacjl lbl h{e{p hdbjjlm fdb ek{bv{bjdbb|d dfdadm md~jdb|d g{~dm! nk~xlm! g{fdm flpdxdbj fdb flcpk~dxledb fdb g{fdm fl~dzdv" Xkfdbjedb ekbfdad {vdgd |dbj flmdfdpl fdadg pkbjkgndbjdb kbk~jl x{~|d pmcvcycavdlh dfdadm lbykxvdxl dzda |dbj nkxd~ fdb md~jd pk~ eZm alxv~le |dbj flndbjelvedb ~kadvli vlbjjl! ed~kbd gkgk~a{edb x{nxlxvkg |dbj vk~fl~l dvdx ndvk~dl! {blv pkbjdv{~ fdb lbyk~vk~ xkx{dl fkbjdb ekn{v{mdbb|d"
Jdgnd~ Pmcvcycavdlh
Fdadg pkbk~dpdbb|d pmcvcycavdlh fdpdv fljdn{bjedb fkbjdb pkgndbjelv adlb xkpk~vl pkgndbjelv vkbdjd flkxka -PAVF, fdb pkgndbjelv alxv~le vkbdjd gle~c mlf~c -PAVG," Pkbjjdn{bjdb lbl flbdgdedb xlxvkg mln~lfd |dbj v{o{dbb|d {bv{e gkbfdpdvedb fd|d j{bd |dbj cpvlgda" Pdfd xlxvkg lbl PAVX gk~{pdedb ecgpcbkb {vdgd! xkfdbj pkgndbjelv alxv~le adlbb|d flj{bdedb {bv{e gkbjecgpkbxdxl ekakgdmdb xlxvkg PAVX fdb
>4
gkbjdbvlxlpdxl ekvlfdepdxvldb h{dhd fdb xlbd~ gdvdmd~l" Pdfd xlxvkg PAVX' PAVF! PAVF'b|d dedb flj{bdedb xkndjdl .ndbe {p. {bv{e gkbjdvdxl nkndb gdexlgda" Pkbjedoldb fdb pkbk~dpdb xlxvkg lbl x{fdm flade{edb fl Nlgd -BVN, fkbjdb edpdxlvdx PAVX 48!; eZp fdb PAVF 60 eZp" Pkbjjdn{bjdb dbvd~d PAVX fkbjdb PAVG gkgp{b|dl p~cxpke |dbj hk~dm" Mda lbl ed~kbd x{gnk~ dl~ |dbj fln{v{medb PAVG ~kadvli xkflelv fdb lv{ ndb|de vk~fdpd fl fkxd'fkxd" [bv{e lv{adm pkgk~lbvdm Lbfcbkxld fkbjdb pkgk~lbvdm Okpdbj vkadm gk~kdalxdxl pkbk~dpdb xlxvkg gcfka mlf~c lbl fl fkxd Vd~dvde -Acgnce Vkbjdm, fkbjdb edpdxlvdx PAVX 6= eZp fdb PAVG xknkxd~ 9!8 eZ" Pdfd xlxvkg mln~lfd dbvd~d pmcvcycavdlh fkbjdb I{ka Hkaa -xka ndmdb nded~,! xkalxlm dbvd~d ekn{v{mdb alxv~le pdfd nkndb fdb alxv~le |dbj flmdxlaedb cakm pmcvcycavdlh dedb flpkb{ml cakm i{ka hkaa" Hcbv~caak~ nk~i{bjxl {bv{e gkbjdv{~ i{ka hkaa djd~ alxv~le |dbj eka{d~ xkx{dl fkbjdb ekpk~a{db" D~{x FH |dbj flmdxlaedb i{ka hkaa fdb d~{x pmcvcycavdlh fljdn{bjedb pdfd vkjdbjdb FH |dbj xdgd ekg{fldb flvk~{xedb ek pczk~ hcbflvlcblbj x{nx|xvkg -PHX, |dbj nk~i{bjxl {bv{e gkbj{ndm d~{x FH
gkbodfl d~{x DH" Ek{bv{bjdb xlxvkg lbl dfdadm kilxlkbxlb|d vlbjjl xkmlbjjd fdpdv gkbjmkgdv ndmdb nded~! fdb ekmladbjdb fd|d alxv~le fdpdv flpk~ekhla fkbjdb gkbkgpdvedb i{ka hkaa fkedv p{xdv nkndb"
>>
8"< Ecbxkp Ek~od Xlxvkg PAVX
Pkgndbjelv alxv~le vkbdjd x{~|d lv{ ecbxkpb|d xkfk~mdbd" \dlv{ gkbj{ndm hdmd|d gdvdmd~l gkbodfl kbk~jl alxv~le" Hdmd|d gdvdmd~l gk~{pdedb xdadm xdv{ nkbv{e kbk~jl fd~l x{gnk~ fd|d dadg" X{gnk~ fd|d dadg gdvdmd~l lbl x{fdm ndb|de flj{bdedb {bv{e gkgdxce fd|d alxv~le fl xdvkalv ecg{bledxl gkada{l xka x{~|d" Xka x{~|d lbl fdpdv gkbjmdxlaedb kbk~jl alxv~le fdadg o{gadm |dbj vlfde vk~ndvdx adbjx{bj fldgnla fd~l gdvdmd~l!vdbpd dfd ndjldb |dbj nk~p{vd~ fdb vlfde gkgk~a{edb ndmdb nded~" Xkmlbjjd xlxvkg xka x{~|d xk~lbj fledvdedb nk~xlm fdb ~dgdm albje{bjdb" Ndbflbjedb fkbjdb xkn{dm jkbk~dvc~ alxv~le! dfd ndjldb |dbj nk~p{vd~ fdb gkgk~a{edb ndmdb nded~ {bv{e fdpdv gkbjmdxlaedb alxv~le" X{d~db|d nlxlbj" Xkadlb lv{ jdx n{dbj |dbj flmdxlaedb fdpdv gkblgn{aedb kike jdx ~{gdm edhd -j~kkb mc{xk jdx, |dbj pkbjd~{mb|d fdpdv gk~{xde kecxlxvkg padbkv n{gl elvd" Xlxvkg xka x{~|d |dbj flj{bdedb fl pk~g{eddb n{gl vk~fl~l fd~l pdbka xka x{~|d! ~dbjedldb ecbv~cak~ pkbjlxldb -hmd~jk hcbv~caak~,! fdb del -ndvk~k, 4> ycav |dbj gdlbvkbdbhk i~kk" Pdbka xka x{~|d gk~{pdedb gcf{a |dbj vk~fl~l nknk~dpd xka x{~|d |dbj fljdn{bj fdadg m{n{bjedb xk~l fdb pd~daka vk~jdbv{bj {e{~db fdb edpdxlvdx |dbj flpk~a{edb" \dbj xk~lbj flj{bdedb dfdadm gcf{a xka x{~|d >0 zdvv dvd{ 80 zdvv" Gcf{a xka x{~|d lv{ gkbjmdxlaedb kbk~jl alxv~le |dbj p~cpc~xlcbda fkbjdb a{dx pk~g{eddb pdbka |dbj vk~ekbd xlbd~ gdvdmd~l"
>8
^dbjedldb ecbv~cak~ pkbjlxldb del fdadg xlxvkg xka x{~|d lv{ gk~{pdedb ~dbjedldb kakev~cble |dbj gkbjdv{~ p~cxkx pkbjlxldb delb|d" Ecbv~cak~ lbl fdpdv gkbjdv{~ vkjdbjdb del fdadg xkadbj vkjdbjdb 4> ycav pa{x glb{x 40 pk~xkb" Nlad vkjdbjdb v{~{b xdgpdl 40!= ycav! gded ecbv~cak~ dedb gkbjlxl del fkbjdb pdbka x{~|d xkndjdl x{gnk~ fd|db|d" Vkbv{ xdod p~cxkx pkbjlxldb lv{ dedb vk~odfl nlad nk~adbjx{bj pdfd xddv dfd hdmd|d gdvdmd~l" Oled pkb{~{bdb vkjdbjdb lv{ vk~odfl pdfd gdadg md~l! gded ecbv~cak~ dedb gkg{v{x pkgdxcedb kbk~jl alxv~le" Xkvkadm p~cxkx pkbjlxldb lv{ nk~adbjx{bj xkadgd nknk~dpd odg! vkjdbjdb del lv{ dedb bdle" Nlad vkjdbjdb
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>6
alxv~le |dbj cpvlgda" Djd~ fdpdv vk~xk~dp xkhd~d gdexlg{g! gded xlbd~ gdvdmd~l lv{ md~{x fl{xdmdedb xkada{ odv{m vkjde a{~{x pdfd pk~g{eddb pdbka x{~|d" Odfl! {bv{e gkbfdpdvedb kbk~jl alxv~le |dbj cpvlgda! xlxvkg xka x{~|d lv{ gdxlm md~{x flakbjedpl p{ad fkbjdb ~dbjedldb ecbv~cak~ cpvlcbda {bv{e gkbjdv{~ d~dm pk~g{eddb pdbka x{~|d djd~ xkada{ gkbjmdfdp gdvdmd~l xkfkgleldb ~{pd xkmlbjjd xlbd~ gdmdvd~l odv{m mdgpl~ vkjde a{~{x pdfd pdbka x{~|db|d" Ecbv~cak~ xkpk~vl lbl fdpdv flndbj{b! glxdab|d! fkbjdb gkbjj{bdedb gle~cecbv~cak~ =084" Ecbv~cak~ lbl vlfde xkfk~mdbd! ed~kbd vk~fl~l fd~l ndjldb pk~dbjedv ek~dx fdb ndjldb pk~dbjedv a{bde" Nldxdb|d! pdekv xlxvkg xka x{~|d |dbj akbjedp nka{g vk~gdx{e ecbv~cak~ {bv{e gkbjjk~deedb pdbka x{~|d xkhd~d cvcgdvlx x{pd|d xlbd~ gdvdmd~l odv{m vkjde a{~{x" Ed~kbd lv{! ecbv~cak~ gdhdg lbl h{e{p gdmda" PAVX fkbjdb xlxvkg xkbv~dalxdxl d~vlb|d pkgndbjelv vkbdjd alxv~le flade{edb xkhd~d vk~p{xdv fdb x{padl fd|d ek ecbx{gkb flade{edb gkada{l od~lbjdb flxv~ln{xl" Xlxvkg lbl hchce fdb kecbcglx pdfd fdk~dm fkbjdb ek~dpdvdb pkbf{f{e |dbj vlbjjl" Hcbvcmb|d PAVX fl Fkxd Ekbvdbj J{b{bj Elf{a gkgp{b|dl edpdxlvdx fd|d 4< eZp! edpdxlvdx ndvk~dl >00 ycav fdb nkndb nk~{pd pkbk~dbjdb |dbj vk~pdxdbj pdfd =; ~{gdm" Xkgkbvd~d lv{ PAVX fkbjdb xlxvkg lbflylf{ fd|d vk~pdxdbjb|d ~kadvli ekhla |dlv{ xkelvd~ 6=';; Zp" O{gadm fd|d xknkxd~ ;0 Zp pk~ ~{gdm vdbjjd flmd~dpedb fdpdv gkgkb{ml ekn{v{mdb pkbk~dbjdb! lbic~gdxl -VY fdb ^dflc, fdb ecg{bledxl -^dflc ecg{bledxl," Fdb xdgpdl vdm{b <; xlxvkg lbl x{fdm vk~pdxdbj xkelvd~ 40"000 {blv |dbj vk~xknd~ fl xka{~{m pk~fkxddb Lbfcbkxld
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>9
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