SISTEM KENDALI DIGITAL PADA PADA KENDALI LEVEL L EVEL AIR DENGAN METODA: ZIEGLER NICHOLS TIPE-1, ZIEGLER NICHOLS TYPE-2, COHEN COON MENGGUNAKAN MATLAB MATLAB DAN ARDUINO
Laporan ini disusun untuk untuk memenuhi salah satu mata kuliah Sistem Kendali Digital di Jurusan Teknik Elektro Politeknik Negeri Bandung
Oleh : Dessy Erdinsyah Putri 1111!"1
PROGRAM STUDI D3 TEKNIK ELEKTRONIKA JURUSAN TEKNIK ELEKTRO POLITEKNIK NEGERI BANDUNG 2015
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ABSTRACT
Dessy Erdinsyah Putri : Water Level Control System. Final Report: Prog Progra ram m Stud Study y D3 Elec Electr tron onic ics s Engi Engine neer erin ing. g. and andun ung g Stat State e Polytechnic. !"#$ Water level control system is one e%ample o& designing a digital control system 'S(D)* a plant used to use digital+,ased control. -n the la, P-D iegler+/ichols iegler+/ichols method o& type #* iegler+/ichols o& type !* Cohen Coon used as a simulator 0atla, so&t1are and inter&ace &or easier and simpler to o,tain and vie1 the results o& the contro controll o& practi practicum cum.. -n additio addition n to using using 0atla, 0atla, so&t1a so&t1are re also also uses uses 2rdui 2rduino no no module module that that serves serves as a contro controller ller to control systems used. With help o& 2rduino no as a controller in the control o& 1ater level in order to &acilitate the manual tuning can can set set as need needed ed.. Resu Result lts s us usin ing g the the 2rdu 2rduin ino o no no is more more practical and easier. easier. 2nd a 1ater level control control system can ,e said to ,e a 1ater control dam simulator. (ey1ords: control system* 1ater level* arduino* manual+tuning* matla,
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#BST$#K Dessy Erdinsyah Putri : Sistem Kendali Le%el #ir& Laporan Laporan #khir : Program Studi D Teknik Teknik Elektronika& Politeknik Negeri Bandung& '!1( Sistem Sistem kendal kendalii le%el le%el air adalah adalah salah salah satu )ontoh )ontoh peran)a peran)anga ngan n se*uah se*uah sistem sistem kendal kendalii digital digital +SKD,+SKD,- se*uah se*uah plant plant yang yang diguna digunakan kan menggu menggunak nakan an kendali kendali *er*asis digital& Pada praktikum .etode P/D 0ieglerNi)hols type 11- 0iegler Ni)hols type 22- 2ohen 2ohen 2oon 2oon diguna digunakan kan software .atla* software .atla* se*agai simulator dan interface agar interface agar le*ih mudah dan sederhana untuk mendapatkan dan melihat hasil dari kendali yang dipraktikumkan& dipraktikumkan& Selain menggunakan menggunakan software software .atla* 3uga menggunakan modul #rduino 4no yang *er5ungsi se*agai kontroler pada sistem kendali yang digunakan& Dengan *antuan dari #rduino 4no se*agai kontroler pada kendali le%el air mempermudah dalam manual tuning agar dapat menset sesuai ke*utuhan& 6asil menggunakan #rduino 4no terse*ut le*ih praktis dan mudah& Dan sistem kendali le%el air ini dapat dikatakan se*agai simulator kendali air *endungan& Kata kun)i : sistem kendali- le%el air- arduino- manual-tuning - matla*
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DATAR ISI ABSTACT
ii
ABSTRAK
iii i%
DATAR ISI DATAR TABEL
i%
DATAR DATAR GAMBAR
%ii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1
1&1 Latar *elakang *elakang 1&' $umusan $umusan masalah 1& $uang lingkup lingkup dan *atasan *atasan masalah BAB II DASAR TEORI
'&1&
'&'&
'&&
S/STE. KEND#L/ '&1&1&
Kendali lup ter*uka
'&1&'&
Kendali lup tertutup
&1&' &1&'&' &'&& Siste Sistem m kend kendali ali manu manual al &1&' &1&'&' &'&& Siste Sistem m kend kendali ali otom otomati atiss Kontroler P/D 7 '&'&1& Kontrol Proporsional '&'&'& Kontrol /ntegrati5 '&'&& Kontrol Deri%ati5 Plant Kendali #ir 11 '&& '&&1 1 Skal Skalaa Le%e Le%ell #ir '&& '&&' ' Tu3u Tu3uan an kend kendali ali le%e le%ell air air
BAB III METODA DAN PROSES PENYELESAIAN
&1&
1 ' '
Deskripsi #lat 1'
" (
7 8 9
11 11 12
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&'&'& &'&'& .odul .odul Set Point Point &'&& &'&& .odul .odul Pengua Penguatt daya daya &'& &'&"& "& .odu .odull P/D P/D &'&(& &'&(& .odul .odul Kendali Kendali Le%el Le%el #ir #ir &'&7& &'&7& #rduin #rduino o 4no &"& LangkahLa LangkahLangka ngkah h Per)o*aan Per)o*aan &"& .etoda .etoda Prakti Praktikum kum &"&1& 0/E;LE$ N/26OLS T
0/E;LE$ N/26OLS T
19 &"&&
2O6EN 2OON
1= &"&"&
S2$/PT #$D4/NO 4NO
1 1" 1( 1( 1( 17 18
'! B#B /> D#T# D#T# D#N #N#L/S# #N#L/S # !"1"
0iegler Ni)hols tipe1
!"2"
' 0iegler Ni)hols tipe'
!"3"
'( 2ohen 2oon
!"!"
'9 S)ript .atla*
!"5"
! Stand #lone #rduino 4no
'
" BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
(&1&
Kesimpulan
(&'&
"' Saran "'
DATAR PUSTAKA
!3
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DATAR TABEL
Ta*el Ta*el '&1 ta*el rumus kendali P/D
1!
Ta*el '&'& ?ungsi P/D
1!
Ta*el Ta*el &1 Parameter P/D 0N1 +Kp- Ti dan Td,
19
Ta*el Ta*el &' Parameter P/D 0N' +Kp- Ti dan Td,
19
Ta*el Ta*el & Parameter P/D 22 +Kp- Ti dan Td,
'!
Ta*el Ta*el "&1 6asil P/D 0N'
'8
Ta*el Ta*el "&' 6asil P/D 22
'=
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DATAR GAMBAR
;am*ar '&1 sistem pengendali lup ter*uka
;am*ar '&' Sistem pengendalian lup tertutup
"
;am*ar '& Sistem pengendalian le%el )airan se)ara manual
(
;am*ar '&" Sistem pengendalian le%el )airan se)ara otomatis
(
;am*ar '&( Blok Diagram P/D
7
;am*ar &1 Plant Keseluruhan Kendali Le%el #ir
1'
;am*ar &' Plant Poer Supply
1
;am*ar & Plant SetPoint
1"
;am*ar &" .odul Pengali Dua
1"
;am*ar &( .odul Le%el #ir
1(
;am*ar &7 #rduino 4no
17
;am*ar &7 Plant Le%el #ir
17
;am*ar &8 Sistem Kendali dari 0iegler Ni)hols tipe1
18
;am*ar &9 2ara .enentukan Parameter Para meter T dan L *erdasarkan respon yang didapat
18
;am*ar &= Sistem Kendali 0iegler Ni)hols tipe'
19
;am*ar &1! Sistem kendali input step
1=
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;am*ar "&1 Plant Le%el #ir
'
;am*ar "&' $espon 0iegler Ni)hols tipe1
'
;am*ar "& Proses Desain
'"
;am*ar "&( 6asil $espon setelah memasukan nilai pada P/D
'"
;am*ar "&7 $espon 6asil .anual Tunning Tunning
'(
;am*ar "&8 Plant Le%el #ir
'(
;am*ar "&9 Simulink 0ieglers Ni)hols tipe'
'7
;am*ar "&= 6asil $espon
'7
;am*ar "&1! 6asil $espon +setpoint diatur,
'7
;am*ar "&11 Proses Desain
'8
;am*ar "&1' 6asil $espon masukan P/D
'8
;am*ar "&1 hasil $espon +setelah Tunning Tunning .anual,
'9
;am*ar "&1" Simulink 2ohen 2oon
'9
;am*ar "&1( 6asil $espon 2ohen 2oon
'=
;am*ar "&17 Proses Desain
'=
;am*ar "&18 6asil $espon setelah diset +P/D,
!
;am*ar "&1= 6asil $espon S)ript .atla*
!
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BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1"1"
L#$#% B&'#(#)*
Seiring perkem*angan teknologi yang semakin modern pada masa sekarang- terutama pada *idang elektronika yang dapat mempermudah dalam pengoperasian suatu alat- sehingga manusia sangat dimudahkan dengan adanya adanya *er*ag *er*agai ai peralat peralatan an yang yang di)ipt di)iptaka akan n dan dapat dapat diopera dioperasik sikan an serta serta digunakan se)ara otomatis& Perkem*angan teknologi terse*ut menye*a*kan *anyak peru*ahan dalam pemakaian sistem peralatan diseluruh *idang kehidupan *aik dunia industri- 3asa- kese*atan dan se*againya& Peker3aan @ peker3aan yang dulu diker3akan se)ara manual oleh tanaga manusia- sekarang ini )enderung sudah dilakukan oleh sistem peralatan yang ser*a otomatis& Peralatan dengan prinsip ker3a otomatis itu tidak lepas dari sistem kontrol se*agai pengendalinya& Teknik kontrol yang dapat digunakan sangat *eragamsehin sehingg ggaa mamp mampu u dite diterap rapkan kan pada pada peral peralat atan an elekt elektro roni nik k deng dengan an ting tingka katt keamanan dan keakuratan yang tinggi& Pada Pada indust industri@ ri@ind indust ustri ri modern modern maupun maupun indust industri ri meneng menengah ah yang yang sedang *erkem*ang- *anyak ditemukan sistem kontrol untuk mengendalikan *er*agai ma)am peralatan yang dapat dioperasikan se)ara otomatis& 6anya deng dengan an mene meneka kan n tom* tom*ol ol-- alat alat suda sudah h dapa dapatt *eke *eker3a r3a sesua sesuaii deng dengan an yang yang diinginkan& Dengan demikian- peker3aan akan le*ih )epat dan e5isien& 6asil yang di)apai 3uga sesuai dengan keinginan& Salah satu peralatan industri yang dioperasikan se)ara otomatis adalah alat pen)ampur )at +miAing paint, pada
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eror yang diperoleh& 2ontrol >al%e akan men3adi aktuator yang mengatur aliran 5luida dalam proses industri dengan menggunakan Set Point& Dalam praktikum sistem kendali le%el air ini menggunakan P/D 3ugaP/D terse*ut untuk menentukan nilai Kp- Kd- Ki- Td dan Ti- yang gunanya untuk mengatur respon pengendalinya +respon keluaran,&
1"2"
R++#) M##'#. 1& Baga Bagaim iman anaa ran)a ran)ang ngan an siste sistem m kend kendali ali le%el le%el air yang digu diguna naka kan n dalam dalam
praktikum& '& Baga Bagaim iman anaa )ara )ara meng mengat atur ur siste sistem m kend kendali ali le%el le%el air air agar agar sesua sesuaii deng dengan an yang digunakan& & Bagaimana Bagaimana implemen implementasi tasi P/D P/D kontroler kontroler pada kendali kendali le%el le%el air& air& 1"3" 1"3"
R+#) R+#)* * L/) L/)*( *(+ + #) #) B#$ B#$# ##) #) M## M##'# '#. .
Se3umlah permasalahan yang di*ahas dalam laporan akhir ini akan di*atasi ruang lingkup pem*ahasannya- antara lain : 1& '& & "&
Simulator Simulator dan dan inter5a)e inter5a)e Sistem Sistem Kendali Kendali Le%el Le%el #ir yang yang diguna digunakan& kan& .empertahan .empertahankan kan ketingg ketinggian ian air pada posisi posisi yang yang ditentuk ditentukan an agar sta*il& .etoda .etoda peng pengend endalia alian n menggu menggunak nakan an P/D& P/D& Parameter Parameter yang yang digunak digunakan an dalam dalam Sistem Sistem Kendali Kendali Le%el #ir& #ir&
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BAB II DASAR TEORI
2"1"
S/$& K&)#'/
Sist Sistem em
kend kendal alii
dapa dapatt
dika dikata taka kan n
se*a se*aga gaii
hu*u hu*ung ngan an
anta antara ra
komp kompon onen en yang yang mem* mem*en entu tuk k se*u se*uah ah kon5 kon5ig igur urasi asi siste sistemm- yang akan akan mengha menghasil silkan kan tangga tanggapan pan sistem sistem yang yang diharap diharapkan kan&& Jadi Jadi harus harus ada yang yang dikend dikendalik alikanan- yang yang merupa merupakan kan suatu suatu sistem sistem 5isis5isis- yang yang *iasa *iasa dise*u dise*utt dengan kendalian +plant,& .asukan dan keluaran merupakan %aria*el atau *esaran 5isis& Keluaran merupakan hal yang dihasilkan oleh kendalianarti artiny nyaa
yang ang
dik dikend endalik alikan an
seda sedan ngkan gkan
masuk asukan an
adal adalah ah
yang ang
memp mempen enga garu ruhi hi kend kendali alian an-- yang yang meng mengatu aturr kelu keluara aran& n& Kedu Keduaa dime dimens nsii masukan dan keluaran tidak harus sama& '&1&1
Lup te ter*u r*uka (open loop) Pada sistem kendali dikenal dikenal sistem lup ter*uka (open loop system)
dan sistem lup tertutup tertutup (closed loop system)& system)& Sistem kendali lup ter*uka atau umpan ma3u (feedforwar (feedforward d control) control) umumnya umumnya mempergu mempergunakan nakan pengatur (controller) sert sertaa aktu aktuat ator or kenda kendali li (control (control actuator) actuator) yang *erguna untuk memperoleh respon sistem yang *aik& Sistem kendali ini keluara keluaranny nnyaa tidak tidak diperh diperhitu itungk ngkan an ulang ulang oleh oleh controller & Suatu keadaan apakah plant *enar*en *enar*enar ar telah men)apai target seperti yang dikehendaki dikehendaki masukan atau re5erensi- tidak dapat mempengaruhi kiner3a kontroler&
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ini 3uga sering dikenal dengan sistem kendali umpan *alik& #plikasi sistem umpan *alik *anyak dipergunakan untuk sistem kemudi kapal laut dan pesaat ter*ang& Perangkat seharihari yang 3uga menerapkan sistem ini adalah penyetelan penyetelan temperatur pada almari es- o%en- tungkutungku- dan pemanas pemanas air&
G##% 2"2 S/$& &)*&)#'/#) '+ $&%$+$+
Dengan sistem kendali gam*ar 1&'- kita *isa ilustrasikan apa*ila keluaran aktual telah sama dengan re5erensi atau masukan maka input kont kontro role lerr akan akan *ern *ernil ilai ai nol& nol& Nila Nilaii ini ini arti artiny nyaa kont kontro role lerr tida tidak k lagi lagi mem*erikan sinyal aktuasi kepada plant- karena ta rget akhir perintah gerak telah telah dipe dipero role leh& h& Sist Sistem em kend kendali ali loop loop ter* ter*uk ukaa dan dan tert tertut utup up terse terse*u *utt
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Pada Pada sistem sistem kendal kendalii manual manual ini 3uga 3uga termasu termasuk k dalam dalam katego kategori ri sistem sistem kendal kendalii 3erat 3erat tertutu tertutup& p& Tangan angan *er5un *er5ungsi gsi untuk untuk mengatu mengatur r permukaan 5luida dalam tangki& Permukaan 5luida dalam tangki *ertindak se*agai masukan- sedangkan penglihatan *ertindak se*a se*aga gaii
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G##% 2"! S/$& &)*&)#'/#) '&&' 4#/%#) &4#%# $#$/
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merupakan kontroler untuk menentukan presisi suatu sistem instrumentasi dengan karakteristik adanya umpan *alik pada sistem tese*ut + ?eed *a)k ,& Sistem Sistem kontro kontroll P/D terdiri terdiri dari dari tiga tiga *uah *uah )ara pengatur pengaturan an yaitu yaitu kontro kontroll P +Pro +Propo port rtio iona nal,l,- D +Deri +Deri%a %ati ti%e %e,, dan dan / +/nte +/ntegra gral, l,-- deng dengan an masin masing gma masi sing ng memiliki kele*ihan dan kekurangan& Dalam implementasinya masingmasing )ara dapat *eker3a sendiri maupun ga*ungan diantaranya& Dalam peran)angan
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2"2"1"
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Kont Kontro roll P 3ika 3ika ;+s, ;+s, kpkp- deng dengan an k adala adalah h kons konsta tant nta& a& Jika u ;+s, F e maka u Kp F e dengan Kp adalah Konstanta Prop Propor orsi sion onal& al& Kp *erla *erlaku ku se*ag se*agai ai ;ain ;ain +pen +pengu guat, at, sa3a sa3a tanp tanpaa mem*erikan e5ek dinamik kepada kiner3a kontroler& Penggunaan kontrol P memiliki *er*agai keter*atasan karena si5at kontrol yang tidak tidak dinamik dinamik ini& ini& Galaup alaupun un demiki demikian an dalam dalam aplika aplikasia siapli plikasi kasi dasa dasarr yang ang sede sederh rhan anaa kont kontro roll P ini ini )uk )ukup mampu ampu untu untuk k memper*aiki respon transien khususnya rise time dan settling time& Pengontrol
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Jika Jika nil nilai ai Kp Kp ke) ke)il il-- peng pengon ontr trol ol pro propo pors rsio iona nall han hany ya mamp mampu u
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Pengontrol Pengontrol /ntegral /ntegral *er5ungsi *er5ungsi menghasilka menghasilkan n respon sistem yang memiliki kesalahan keadaan mantap nol +Error Steady State ! ,& Jika se*uah pengontrol tidak memiliki unsur integrator- pengontrol proporsional tidak mampu men3amin keluaran sistem dengan kesalahan keadaan mantapnya nol& Jika ;+s, adalah kontrol / maka u dapat dinyatakan se*agai u+t,integral e+t,dTCKi dengan Ki adalah konstanta /ntegral- dan dari persamaan di atas- ;+s, dapat dinyatakan se*agai uKd&delta eHdelta
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Jika e+T, mendekati konstan +*ukan nol, maka u+t, akan men3adi sangat *esar sehingga diharapkan dapat memper*aiki error& Jika e+T, mendekati nol maka e5ek kontrol / ini semakin ke)il& Kontrol / dapat memper*aiki sekaligus menghilangkan respon steadystate- namun pemilihan Ki yang tidak tepat dapat menye*a*kan respon transien yang tinggi tinggi sehingga sehingga dapat menye*a*ka menye*a*kan n ketidaksta*il ketidaksta*ilan an sistem& sistem& Pemilihan Ki yang sangat tinggi 3ustru dapat menye*a*kan output
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2iri)iri pengontrol deri%ati5 : 1&
Pengontrol tid tidak dap dapat men menghasilkan kel keluaran 3ik 3ika tid tidak ada ada peru peru*a *aha han n pada pada masuk masukan anny nyaa +*er +*erup upaa peru peru*a *aha han n siny sinyal kesalahan,
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Pengontrol di5erensial mempunyai suatu karakter untuk mendahului- sehingga pengontrol ini dapat menghasilkan koreksi yang signi5ikan se*elum pem*angkit kesalahan men3adi sangat
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Ta*el Ta*el '&1 ta*el rumus kendali P/D E5ek dari setiap pengontrol Proporsional- /ntegral dan Deri%ati5 pada sistem lup tertutup disimpulkan pada ta*le *erikut ini :
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.odul kendali le%el air tu3uannya adalah untuk mengukur ketinggian air yang masuk dalam kantung air& Pada plant le%el air menggunakan sistem pompayaitu mengatur ke)epatan pompa& .aka semakin )epat pompa- proses pengisian akan semakin )epat& 2"3"1 S(#'# L&&' A/%
Skala le%el air yang digunakan dalam plant le%el air di sini dengan satuan m*ar& Di mana 1 m*ar1 kotak horiontal& 2"3"2 T+9+#) &)*+(+%#) (&$/)**/#) '&&' #/% ## %#($/(+"
1& .endapatkan .endapatkan hasil yang sesuai dengan dengan yang yang diingi diinginkan& nkan& '& Dapat menset P/D agar agar hasil hasil pada pada plant plant le%el le%el air sempur sempurna& na& & Dapat mengukur mengukur output output respon respon pada pada plant plant kendali kendali le%el le%el air
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BAB III METODA DAN PROSES PENYELESAIAN
3"1 D&(%// D&(%// A'#$ A'#$
Sistem kendali yang digunakan dalam praktikum ini adalah plant kendali le%el air& Pada plant le%el air ini menggunakan sensor ketinggian air agar air yang masu masuk k dalam dalam kant kantun ung g dapa dapatt didet didetek eksi si keti keting nggi gian an airn airnya ya terse* terse*ut ut&& Dalam Dalam praktikum kendali le%el air- digunakan *antuan plant yang lainnya& l ainnya& Seperti .odul Poer Poer Supply Supply-- modul modul Set PointPoint- modul modul P/DP/D- .odul .odul Pengal Pengalii dua& dua& Dan 3uga 3uga menggunakan arduino 4no yang *er5ungsi se*agai&&&
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maka maka ''!> ''!>aa) masu masuk k keda kedalam lam tran trans5 s5or orma mato torr dan dan meng mengal alam amii penurunan tegangan D2 yang *eragam& Penurunan terse*ut diatur oleh oleh pote potens nsio io yang yang terda terdapa patt pada pada modu modulny lnya& a& Pada Pada titik titikti titi tik k keluaran yang tertera yaitu 1(>-(> dan 1(> yang dihu*ungkan 3uga dengan ;$O4ND
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maupun ga*ungan diantaranya& Dalam peran)angan sistem kontrol P/D yang perlu dilakukan adalah mengatur parameter P- / atau D agar tanggapan sinyal keluaran system terhadap masukan tertentu se*agaimana yang diinginkan& &'&(&
.odul Kendali Le%el #ir .odul Kendali Le%el #ir inilah plant spesial terse*ut&
Plant Le%el #ir&
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Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.