Simultaneous Equilibria Involving Slightly Soluble Compounds, Acids and Bases, Complex formation.pdf

������������ ���������� ��������� �������� ������� ��������� •

����������� ���� �������������� ������� ��� �� ���� ��������� ��������� ����������� �������� �����������. �����������.  –

•

��������: ��� ���� ����/���� ������, ��� ���� ������� �������

�������: �� 0.10 ���� �� ������� ��� 0.010 ���� �� ��������� �������, ��(��3)2, ��� ����� �� ������ ����� �� ���� ��� ����� �� ��������, ���� ��������� ��������� ����������� ���� ��� ��������? ��� ��(��)2, ��� = 1.5 × 10�11; �� ��� ��3 = 1.8 × 10�5

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− ��������� ��� ��� ��(��)2 ��� ������� �� �� ���.  � ��(��3)2 �� � ������� ����� �������� �� ��� 2+� = 0.010 �.  � A������ ������� ������� �� � ���� ���� ���� �� ��� ��������� �����.

 NH 3

+

H 2O

(0 .10 −  x ) M 

→ ←

+

 NH 4  xM 

[ NH ][OH ] +

K  b

=

4

[ NH 3 ]

+

OH -

 xM 

−

=

1 .8 × 10

−

5

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���� ��� �������������� �������������� �� ���� ��� ��������� ��� ��������� ���� ��� ����������, ��� ��� ��� �� ���������� ��� �������� �� ��� ���.

[Mg ][OH ] (0.010)(1.3 10 )

Q sp =

=

2+

−

−

×

=

1 7 × 10

−

8

2

3 2

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������� ��� ��������� ����� ������

+

������

→

��2+(��)

+

4��3(��)

→

���(��3)4�2+(��)

��2+(��)

+

4���(��)

→

���(��)4�2�(��)

��3+

+

6�2�(�)

→

���(�2�)6�3+ (��)

��� ������� ����� ������

A ������ �� � ����� ���� ����

������� ���



��������� �� ����������

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•

��2+(��) + 4��3(��) → ���(�� 3)4�2+(��) OH2 H2N

NH2 Cu

H2N

NH2 OH2

•

��3+(��) + ���� (��) → ���(���)�2+(��)

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������� ��� ���������� ���������� •

��  �� ��������� ��������� Ag

+

+

2 NH 3

    →  → ←   

+

Ag(NH3 ) 2

[Ag(NH ) ] [ NH ] [Ag ] +

K f 

=

3

2

+

3

2+

→

2+

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������� ��� ���������� ��� ��� +

+

Ag ( aq )

+

2 NH 3( aq)

    →  → ←   

+

Ag(NH3 ) 2 (aq) K f  =

Ag(NH3 ) 2

[ NH ]2 [Ag

+

]

=

1.6 ×10 7

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+

Ag ( aq )

+

2 NH 3( aq)

AgCl(s) AgCl

2NH

    →  → ←   

    → ←   

→

+

Ag(NH3 ) 2 (aq)

K f  = 1.6 ×107

Ag ( aq ) + Cl (aq) K sp +

[Ag(NH ) ] +

Cl

=

1.8 ×10

10

−