Silabus Bahasa Inggris SMP Kelas 8

VDCMLQV Vaigcmb Iacmv Hmpm ^acmom|mk Vahavpa|

? VH^ Kaea|d : @m|mke`mk ? ZDDD " @acm~mk $ ? LMBMVM DKEE\DV ? = "Vmpq$

Vpmk`m| Igh~apakvd

? Hak`akem|imk =+ Hahmbmhd hmikm `mcmh ~a|fmim~mk p|mkvmivdgkmc p|mkvmivdgkmc `mk dkpa|~a|vgkmc dkpa|~a|vgkmc va`a|bmkm qkpqi qkpqi la|dkpa|mivd `akemk cdkeiqkemk cdkeiqkemk vaidpm|+

Igh~apakvd @mvm|

Hmpa|d ^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk

Iaedmpmk ^ahlacmom|mk

=+= Ha|av~gk hmikm ^a|fmim~mk =+ L|mdkvpg|hdke  tmke pa|`m~mp `mcmh vdkeimpmk hahqmp la|pmktm `mk ~a|fmim~mk qkeim~mk ‖ hakomuml p|mkvmivdgkmc "pg eap qkeim~mk? pakpmke pbdkev `gka $ `mk la|lmemd bmc dkpa|~a|vgkmc  M ? Cap ha bac~ tgq+ pa|imdp pahm "la|vgvdmcdvmvd$ L ? Pbmki tgq vg pg~di tmke mimk va`a|bmkm vafm|m hqfb+ `dldfm|mimk+ miq|mp# cmkfm|# `mk <+ Hahlmbmv la|pa|dhm qkpqi ? Fmk D bmza m ldp7  igvmimpm " kgqk la|dkpa|mivd `akemk L? Vq|a+ Ba|a tgq  ~b|mva# za|l cdkeiqkemk vaidpm| m|a+  ~b|mva# m`za|l  tmke hacdlmpimk  ~b|mva$ pmpm pdk`mi pqpq|? ? @d` tgq l|ami pba lmbmvm "imcdhmp hahdkpm# hahla|d#  ecmvv7  va`a|bmkm hakgcmi omvm# L? Tav D `d` ' Kg# dp pakpmke pmum|mk hahdkpm# hahla|d# umvk—p ha+  omvm# hahdkpm hakgcmi lm|mke# vavqmpq# hakemiqd# ? Ubmp `g tgq dkjg|hmvd hakedkeim|d hakedkeim|d jmipm# pbdki gj pbdv7  jmipqmc# `mk hahdkpm `mk L? Kgp lm`+ ~ak`m~mp pa|imdp hahla|d ~ak`m~mp hmpa|d ~a|fmim~mk + 6+ Hak`akem|imk ~a|fmim~mk  tmke hahqmp qkeim~mk( qkeim~mk `mcmh hmpa|d+

^akdcmdmk Dk`dimpg|

Paikdi

Lakpqi Dkvp|qhak

Hakemiqd# hakedkeim|d jmipm

Pav cdvmk

Pav cdvmk Ha|av~gk qkeim~mk hahdkpm `mk hahla|d ~ak`m~mp Pav cdvmk

\av~gk` pba gccgudke vpmpahakp ]? Cap ha bac~  tgq ?+++++++

 Mcgimvd  Umipq

Vqhla| Lacmom|

< r 0> hakdp =+ Vf|d~p ~a|fmim~ ( mk <+ \aimhmk ^a|fmim~mk? ( Fmvvappa ^a|pmktmmk cdvmk ( Pm~a ]? Fmk D bmza m \afg|`a|  ldp7  ( F@ ? +++++++++++ ( F@ ^cmta|  ( PZ  ^dcdbmk emk`m 6+ Emhlm|( Fbggva pba |debp emhlm|' |av~gkva ^a|pmktmmk lak`m pa|imdp ]? @d` tgq l|ami  cdvmk pba ecmvv7  m+ Tav# D `d`  l+ D `gk—p ikgu f+ D—h kgp vq|a `+ Mcc |debp Dvdmk

Pav cdvmk Ha|av~gk Ha|av~gk vafm|m cdvmk qkeim~mk hahdkpm# hahla|d# hakgcmi  omvm Pav cdvmk Ha|av~gk qkeim~mk hahdkpm# hahla|d# hakgcmi lm|mke

Fgkpgb Dkvp|qhak

]? Ubmp `g tgq pbdki gj ht kau `|avv ?++++++++++++

Igh~apakvd @mvm|

Hmpa|d ^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk

Iaedmpmk ^ahlacmom|mk

^akdcmdmk Dk`dimpg|

0+ Hakomuml ~a|pmktmmk pakpmke dvd ~a|fmim~mk+ 1+ Hahla|d |av~gk cdvmk `mk pqcdv pa|bm`m~ qkeim~mk tmke `d`akem|+ =+< Ha|av~gk hmikm  tmke pa|`m~mp `mcmh ~a|fmim~mk p|mkvmivdgkmc "pg eap pbdkev `gka $ `mk dkpa|~a|vgkmc "la|vgvdmcdvmvd$ va`a|bmkm vafm|m miq|mp# cmkfm|# `mk la|pa|dhm qkpqi la|dkpa|mivd `akemk cdkeiqkemk vaidpm|  tmke hacdlmpimk pdk`mi pqpq|? hakeqk`mke# haka|dhm `mk hakgcmi momimk# haktapqoqd'pd`mi haktapqoqd# hahqod# `mk hahla|d vacmhmp

^a|fmim~mk =+ vdkeimpmk hahqmp qkeim~mk ‖ qkeim~mk? ? Ugqc` tgq fgha pg ht ~m|pt7  L? D—` cgza cgza pg ' D umkp pg# lqp ++++++++ 9 D `g me|aa <+ L9 Pbmkiv jg| pba vq~~g|p+ 9 Kg umt ++++ L? Dp—v G+I+ Kg |glcah 6+ ? Tgq bmza lamqpdjqc  bmd|+ L? Pbmki tgq+ ? Bm~~t ld|pb`mt+ L? Pbmki tgq+ 0+

Hahla|d |av~gkv cdvmk Fq|mb ~ak`m~mp pakpmke bmc(bmc pa|imdp pg~di'qkeim~mk  tmke mimk `dlmbmv Hahlmbmv igvmimpm `mk pmpm lmbmvm pa|imdp pg~di ' qkeim~mk tmke `dlmbmv Hak`akem|imk ~a|fmim~mk hahqmp qkeim~mk pa|imdp hm|pa|d Pmktm omuml pakpmke dvd ~a|fmim~mk 1+ Pmktm omuml pakpmke jqkevd `mk hmikm qkeim~mk `mcmh ~a|fmim~mk

Paikdi

Lakpqi Dkvp|qhak

Pav Pqcdv Dvdmk Ha|av~gk qkeim~mk hakeqk`mke#haka| dhm# `mk hakgcmi momimk Ha|av~gk qkeim~mk haktapqoqd ' pd`mi haktapqoqd Ha|av~gk qkeim~mk hahqod Ha|av~gk qkeim~mk hahla|d vacmhmp

Fgkpgb Dkvp|qhak

 Mcgimvd  Umipq

Vqhla| Lacmom|

< r 0> hakdp = Vf|d~p ~a|fmim~mk U|dpa tgq|  < \aimhmk |av~gkva pg pba ~a|fmim~mk gccgudke 6 Pm~a |afg|`a| vpmpahakpv? 0 Emhlm| tmke  =+ Ugqc` tgq eg |acazmk udpb ha pg pba Lqiq paiv hgzda7   tmke |acazmk  <+ D `g me|aa udpb  tgq pg ogdk pba v~aafb fgkpavp  6+ Tgq bmza lamqpdjqc bmd|+ 0+ Tgq ~mvva`   tgq| armhv+ Fgke|mpqcmpdg kv+

Vpmk`m| Igh~apakvd ? Hak`akem|imk <+

Hahmbmhd hmikm `mcmh paiv paiv cdvmk jqkevdgkmc jqkevdgkmc `mk hgkgcge hgkgcge ~ak`ai ~ak`ai va`a|bmkm va`a|bmkm la|lakpqi la|lakpqi `avf|d~pdza `mk |afgqkp qkpqi la|dkpa|mivd `akemk cdkeiqkemk vaidpm|+

Igh~apakvd @mvm| <+= Ha|av~gk hmikm  tmke pa|`m~mp `mcmh paiv cdvmk jqkevdgkmc ~ak`ai va`a|bmkm vafm|m miq|mp# cmkfm|# `mk la|pa|dhm qkpqi la|dkpa|mivd `akemk cdkeiqkemk vaidpm|+

Hmpa|d ^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk

=+ Paiv jqkevdgmkc ~ak`ai la|q~m ? Qk`mkemk Fgkpgb? @am| \dg# D umkp tgq pg fgha pg <+ ht bgqva jg| cqkfb gk Vqk`mt mp =< m+h+ Pbmkiv+  Hgkm

Iaedmpmk ^ahlacmom|mk

Pmktm omuml pakpmke la|lmemd bmc pa|imdp pg~di'pahm tmke mimk `dlmbmv Hahlmbmv igvmimpm tmke pa|imdp pahm'pg~di'qk`m kemk "kgqk ~b|mva# za|l ~b|mva$ 6+ hahlmbmv Fd|d ialmbmvmmk qkeim~mk( paiv jqkevdgkmc qkeim~mk tmke ~ak`ai va|dke hqkfqc `mcmh qk`mkemk? ( D umkp tgq pg fgha pg+++++++ Cmkeimb |apg|dim ( ^camva fgha pg paiv? +++++ ( `avf|d~pdza ( @gk—p jg|eap pg "d`akpdjdfmpdgk ‖ fgha `avf|d~pdgkv$ pg++++++ ( |afgqkp " 0+ Hak`akem|imk g|dakpmpdgk paiv jqkevdgkmc azakpv$ ~ak`ai ( |ag|dakpmpdgk

^akdcmdmk Dk`dimpg|

Paikdi

Haked`akpdjdimvd Pav dkjg|hmvd tmke pa|pqcdv pa|`m~mp `mcmh paiv jqkevdgkmc ~ak`ai la|q~m qk`mkemk+ Haked`akpdjdimvd fd|d ialmbmvmmk `mcmh paiv jqkevdgkmc ~ak`ai la|q~m Qk`mkemk+

Lakpqi Dkvp|qhak Hacakeim~d |qh~mke

Fgkpgb Dkvp|qhak

 Mcgimvd  Umipq

Vqhla| Lacmom|

Fgh~capa pba < r 0> hakdp =+ Vf|d~p paiv gccgudke qk`mkemk vakpakfav lmva`  <+ \aimhmk gk pba parp tgq qk`mkemk bam|  ( fmvvappa ( pm~a |afg|`a| ( F@ ( F@ ^cmta| ( PZ  6+ Emhlm|' |amcdm pa|imdp pahm'pg~di'  oakdv paiv

Igh~apakvd @mvm|

Hmpa|d ^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk

Iaedmpmk ^ahlacmom|mk

^akdcmdmk Dk`dimpg|

Paikdi

Lakpqi Dkvp|qhak

Fgkpgb Dkvp|qhak

 Mcgimvd  Umipq

Vqhla| Lacmom|

"qk`mkemk$ hakomuml ~a|pmktmmk pakpmke la|lmemd dkjg|hmvd tmke pa|`m~mp `mcmh paiv jqkevdgkmc# qk`mkemk+ :+ Hak`akem|imk fgkpgb(fgkpgb qk`mkemk cmdkktm `m|d pahmk+ 5+ Haked`akpdjdimvd fd|d ialmbmvmmk paiv jqkevdgkmc ~ak`ai ? qk`mkemk ( dkzdpaa ( gffmvdgk ( pdha (  ~cmfa ( Dkzdpg| 

1+

= Acdfdpdke igvmimpm  <+< Ha|av~gk hmikm pa|imdp  tmke pa|`m~mp `mcmh Paiv cdvmk la|lakpqi pahm'pg~di' oakdv hgkgcge ~ak`ai paiv `avf|d~pdza va`a|bmkm vafm|m < Hahlmbmv pmpm |afgqkp miq|mp# cmkfm|# `mk lmbmvm pa|imdp la|pa|dhm qkpqi  oakdv paiv tmke la|dkpa|mivd `akemk Cmkeimb |apg|dim paiv mimk `dlmbmv cdkeiqkemk vaidpm| 6 Hak`akem|imk ? `mcmh paiv la|lakpqi paiv hgkgcge `avf|d~pdza `avf|d~pdza `mk `avf|d~pdza ' "d`akpdjdfmpdgk ‖ |afgqkp |afgqkp `akemk `avf|d~pdgkv$ pg~di pa|pakpq |afgqkp "  0 Hakomuml g|dakpmpdgk ~a|pmktmmk azakpv ‖ pakpmke dkjg|hmvd |ag|dakpmpdgk $

Haked`akpdjdimvd Dkjg|hmvd'hmik Pav cdvmk m tmke pa|`m~mp `mcmh paiv la|lakpqi `avf|d~pdza `mk |afgqkp Haked`akpdjdimvd Pav pqcdv jqkevdgkmc `mk cmkeimb |apg|dim paiv `avi|d~pdj  `mk |afgqkp+

^a|pmktmmk cdvmk

^E

< r 0> hakdp = Lqiq paiv  tmke |acazmk < Emhlm| pa|imdp pahm ' pg~di Vf|d~p paiv? `avf|d~pdza ' |afgqkp Fbggva pba lavp 0 \aimhmk paiv g~pdgk lmva` gk 1 Pm~a |afg|`a| pba parp tgq bmza : GB^ cdvpaka` pg 5 Cdkeiqkemk vaidpm|

kvua| pba }qavpdgkv g|mcct lmva` gk pba parp  tgq cdvpak pg

Igh~apakvd @mvm|

Hmpa|d ^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk

Iaedmpmk ^ahlacmom|mk

^akdcmdmk Dk`dimpg|

Paikdi

Lakpqi Dkvp|qhak

Fgkpgb Dkvp|qhak

 Mcgimvd  Umipq

Vqhla| Lacmom|

pa|imdp paiv tmke `d`akem| 1+ Hakomuml ~a|pmktmmk pakpmke pqoqmk ighqkdimpdj paiv  tmke `d`akem|

Vpmk`m| Igh~apakvd ? La|ldfm|m 6+ Hakeqkeim~ imk hmikm `mcmh ~a|fmim~mk p|mkvmivdgkmc `mk dkpa|~a|vgkmc cdvmk ~ak`ai va`a|bmkm qkpqi la|dkpa|mivd `akemk cdkeiqkemk vaidpm|

Igh~apakvd @mvm| Hakeqkeim~imk hmikm `mcmh ~a|fmim~mk p|mkvmivdgkmc "pg eap pbdkev `gka $ `mk dkpa|~a|vgkmc "la|vgvdmcdvmvd$ va`a|bmkm `akemk hakeeqkmimk |memh lmbmvm cdvmk vafm|m miq|mp# cmkfm|# `mk la|pa|dhm qkpqi la|dkpa|mivd `akemk cdkeiqkemk vaidpm|  tmke hacdlmpimk pdk`mi pqpq|? hahdkpm# hahla|d# hakgcmi omvm# hahdkpm# hahla|d# hakgcmi lm|mke# hakemiqd# hakedkeim|d hakedkeim|d jmipm#

Hmpa|d Iaedmpmk ^ahlacmom|mk ^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk

^a|fmim~mk vdkeimp  tmke hahqmp qkeim~mk ‖ qkeim~mk+

=+

<+  M9 Cap ha bac~ tgq+ L? Pbmki tgq vg hqfb+ ? Fmk D bmza m ldp+ L? Vq|a+ Ba|a tgq m|a+

6+

? @d` tgq l|ami pba  ecmvv7  L? Tav# D `d` '  Kg# dp umvk—p ha+ ? Ubmp `g tgq pbdki gj pbdv7  L? Kgp lm`+

0+

1+

^akdcmdmk Dk`dimpg|

Paikdi

Lakpqi Dkvp|qhak

Fgkpgb Dkvp|qhak

 Mcgimvd  Umipq

Vqhla| Lacmom|

\azdau igvmimpm La|pmktm `mk Pav cdvmk La|hmdk ~a|mk F|ampa m < r 0> hakdp =+ Lqiq paiv `dmcgeqa lmva`  `mk qkeim~mk( hakomuml pakpmke  tmke |acazmk gk pba |gca fm|`v qkeim~mk pa|imdp hahdkpm#hahla|d# <+ Emhlm|( mk` ~a|jg|h dp dk hmpa|d `mk pahm hakgcmi omvm emhlm| |gkp gj pba Pmktm omuml pa|imdp pahm La|pmktm `mk fcmvv+ hakeeqkmimk 6+ \amcdm hakomuml qkeim~mk( Lak`m vaidpm| pakpmke qkeim~mk hahdkpm#hahl pa|valqp a|d# hakgcmi La|hmdk ~a|mk lm|me hacmiqimk La|pmktm `mk ~a|fmim~mk tmke hakomuml `dva`dmimk eq|q pakpmke La|hmdk ~a|mk hakemiqd# hacmiqimk hakedkeim|d ~a|fmim~mk jmipm la|`mvm|imk La|pmktm `mk vdpqmvd 'emhlm| hahla|d  tmke `dva`dmimk ~ak`m~mp Hakeeqkmimk qkeim~mk tmke pacmb `d~acmom|d

Igh~apakvd @mvm|

Hmpa|d Iaedmpmk ^ahlacmom|mk ^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk

Paikdi

Lakpqi Dkvp|qhak

Fgkpgb Dkvp|qhak

`mcmh |amc cdja vdpqmpdgk

`mk hahdkpm `mk hahla|d ~ak`m~mp

=+

Hahmbmhd `mk ha|av~gk ~a|fmim~mk p|mkvmivdgkmc "pg eap pbdkev `gka $ `mk dkpa|~a|vgkmc "la|vgvdmcdvmvd$ va`a|bmkm `akemk hakeeqkmimk |memh lmbmvm cdvmk vafm|m miq|mp# cmkfm|# `mk la|pa|dhm qkpqi la|dkpa|mivd `akemk cdkeiqkemk vaidpm|  tmke hacdlmpimk pdk`mi pqpq|? hakeqk`mke# haka|dhm `mk hakgcmi momimk# haktapqoqd'pd`mi haktapqoqd# hahqod# `mk hahla|d vacmhmp

^akdcmdmk Dk`dimpg|

? Ugqc` tgq fgha pg  ~m|pt7  L? D—` cgza pg ' D umk—p pg# lqp +++++++++ ? D `g me|aa+ L? Pbmkiv jg| pba Vq~~g|p+ ? Kg# umt# +++ L? Dp—v G+I+ D  qk`a|vpmk`+ ? Tgq bmza lamqpdjqc  bmd|+ L? Pbmki tgq+ ? Bm~~t ld|pb`mt+ L9 Pbmki tgq+

<+

6+

0+

1+

:+

\azdau igvmimpm pa|imdp pahm# pg~di valacqhktm Hah~a|iakmcimk igvmimpm lm|q ' qkeim~mk( qkeim~mk tmke mimk `dlmbmv Pmktm omuml hakeeqkmimk qkeim~mk( qkeim~mk pa|imdp hmpa|d Hakd|qimk ~a|fmim~mk tmke `dqfm~imk eq|q Hacmiqimk ~a|fmim~mk tmke `dla|dimk Hacmiqimk pmktm  omuml hakeeqkmimk qkeim~mk

Pav cdvmk La|hmdk ~a|mk La|pmktm `mk hakomuml pakpmke hakeqk`mke# haka|dhm# hakgcmi momimk La|pmktm `mk hakomuml pakpmke haktapqoqd+pd`m i haktapqoqd

La|pmktm `mk hakomuml pakpmke hahqod La|pmktm `mk hakomuml pakpmke hahla|d vacmhmp

F|ampa m `dmcgeqa lmva`  gk pba |gca fm|`v mk` ~a|jg|h dp dk |gkp gj pba fcmvv+

 Mcgimvd  Umipq

Vqhla| Lacmom|

Vpmk`m| Igh~apakvd ? La|ldfm|m 0+ Hakeqkeim~ Hakeqkeim~ imk hmikm `mcmh paiv paiv cdvmk jqkevdgkmc `mk hgkgcge ~ak`ai ~ak`ai va`a|bmkm va`a|bmkm tmke la|lakpqi la|lakpqi `avf|d~pdza `mk |afgqkp qkpqi la|dkpa|mivd `akemk cdkeiqkemk vaidpm|

Igh~apakvd @mvm|

Hmpa|d Iaedmpmk ^ahlacmom|mk ^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk

0+= +Hakeqkeim~imk +Hakeqkeim~imk Paiv jqkevdgkmc hmikm `mcmh lakpqi ~ak`ai la|q~m paiv cdvmk jqkevdgkmc ?Qk`mkemk ~ak`ai va`a|bmkm `akemk hakeeqkmimk |memh lmbmvm cdvmk vafm|m miq|mp# cmkfm|# `mk la|pa|dhm qkpqi la|dkpa|mivd `akemk cdkeiqkemk vaidpm|

=+

Hak`akem|imk paiv jqkevdgkmc ~ak`ai? qk`mkemk <+ Pmktm omuml pakpmke dvd paiv –qk`mkemk‘ 6+ Pmktm omuml pakpmke vp|qipq| paiv 0+ Hahlqmp imcdhmp va`a|bmkm pa|imdp  oakdv paiv lakpqi qk`mkemk

^akdcmdmk Dk`dimpg|

Paikdi

Hakeqkeim~mk Pav cdvmk vafm|m cdvmk paiv jqkevdgkmc ~ak`ai la|lakpqi qk`mkemk + Fgkpgb? @am| \dg# D umkp tgq pg fgha pg ht bgqva jg| cqkfb gk Vqk`mt mp =< m+h+ Pbmkiv+

Lakpqi Dkvp|qhak

Fgkpgb Dkvp|qhak

 Mcgimvd  Umipq

^a|jg|hmkfa Dkzdpa tgq| j|dak`  < r 0> pg fgha pg tgq|  hakdp ldpb`mt ~m|pt g|mcct-

Vqhla| Lacmom|

=+ Lqiq paiv  tmke |acazmk <+ Emhlm| pa|imdp pahm'pg~di 6+ Lak`m(lak`m vaidpm|

Igh~apakvd @mvm|

^akdcmdmk

Hmpa|d Iaedmpmk ^ahlacmom|mk ^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk

X

0+<+ Hakeqkeim~imk Hakeqkeim~imk hmikm `mcmh =+ Paiv ~ak`ai hgkgcge ~ak`ai la|lakpqi va`a|bmkm `akemk |afgqkp hakeeqkmimk |memh <+ ‖ dkjg|hmvd lmbmvm kdvpm vafm|m jmipqmc

Dk`dimpg|

( D umkp pg fgha pg++++ ( ^camva fgha pg ++++++++ 1+ La|cmpdb hakeqk`mke vavag|mke vafm|m cdvmk hakeeqkmimk emhldp(emhldp pa|pakpq Fgkpgb?  M? Bd Eqtv# D  umkp tgq mcc  pg fgha pg ht ld|pb`mt  ~m|pt+ L? Ua—` cgza pg-  Ubak7   M? Pghg||gu# mp 0+>> :+ Vafm|m la|~mvmkemk mpmq `mcmh iacgh~gi hakeqkeim~imk qk`mkemk la|`mvm|imk igkpaiv'vdpqmvd  tmke `dla|dimk 5+ Vafm|m hmk`d|d hakeqkeim~imk qk`mkemk cdvmk

=+

Pmktm omuml la|lmemd bmc pa|imdp pg~di pa|pakpq " ~a|dvpdum# iaom`dmk#

Paikdi

Lakpqi Dkvp|qhak

Pav cdvmk

^a|jg|hmkfa

Fgkpgb Dkvp|qhak

 Mcgimvd  Umipq

Vqhla| Lacmom|

 Hgkm

La|pmktm `mk hakomuml vafm|m cdvmk la|lmemd dkjg|hmvd pakpmkepaiv jqkevdgkmc ~ak`ai la|lakpqi qk`mkemk

=+

La|pmktm `mk hakomuml la|lmemd dkjhmvd

Pbdki gj mk 0 r 0> hakdp =+ Lqiq paiv mfpdzdpt g| azakp  tmke |acazmk pbmp bm~~aka` pg  tgq tavpa|`mt <+ Ig|mk'hmomcmb

Igh~apakvd @mvm| miq|mp# cmkfm|# `mk la|pa|dhm qkpqi la|dkpa|mivd `akemk cdkeiqkemk vaidpm| `mcmh paiv la|lakpqi `avf|d~pdza `mk |afgqkp

Hmpa|d Iaedmpmk ^ahlacmom|mk ^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk ( dkjg|hmvd |dkfd ( ememvmk qpmhm <+ ( ememvmk ~ak`qiqke `mcmh paiv ~ak`ai la|lakpqi 6+ |afgqkp 6+ Fd|d ialmbmvmmk paiv |afgqkp

~akemcmhmk $ Hakeahlmkeimk igvmimpm# pmpm lmbmvm pa|imdp pg~di ' oakdv paiv |afgqkp <+ Haked`akpdjdimvd iaom`dk# ~a|dvpdum# ~akemcmhmk tmke ~a|kmb `dmcmhd hacmcqd pmktm  omuml 0+ Hacmiqimk hgkgcge `mcmh lakpqi |afgqkp

^akdcmdmk Dk`dimpg|

Paikdi

Lakpqi Dkvp|qhak

vafm|m cdvmk `mcmh paiv Pav cdvmk ~ak`ai la|lakpqi ? ( \afgqkp Hacmiqimk hgkgcge ~ak`ai `mcmh lakpqi |afgqkp

Fgkpgb Dkvp|qhak mk` pacc qv mlgqp dp+

 Mcgimvd  Umipq

Vqhla| Lacmom|

6+ Emhlm| ~a|dvpdum

Vpmk`m| Igh~apakvd ? Hahlmfm 1+ Hahmbmhd hmikm hmikm paiv pqcdv jqkevdgkmc `mk avad ~ak`ai ~ak`ai va`a|bmkm va`a|bmkm la|lakpqi `avf|d~pdza `mk |afgqkp tmke la|imdpmk `akemk cdkeiqkemk vaidpm|

Igh~apakvd @mvm|

Hmpa|d ^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk

Hahlmfm ktm|dke Paiv jqkevdgkmc la|hmikm paiv pqcdv ~ak`ai la|q~m? jqkevdgkmc `mk avad Qk`mkemk la|lakpqi `avf|d~pdza `mk |afgqkp ~ak`ai `mk va`a|bmkm `akemk qfm~mk# paimkmk `mk

Iaedmpmk ^ahlacmom|mk

=+

<+

L|mdk vpg|hdke pakpmke la|lmemd bmc pa|imdp paiv jqkevdgkmc ~ak`ai la|lakpqi –qk`mkemk‘ Hak`akem|imk

^akdcmdmk Dk`dimpg|

Paikdi

Pav cdvmk Hahlmfm `akemk ktm|dke `mk la|hmikm paiv jqkevdgkmc ~ak`ai la|lakpqi qk`mkemk Pav Haked`akpdjdimvd pa|pqcdv la|lmemd

Lakpqi Dkvp|qhak Hahlmfm ktm|dke

Fgkpgb Dkvp|qhak

 Mcgimvd  Umipq

Vqhla| Lacmom|

\am` pba pba parp < r 0> hakdp =+ Lqiq paiv tmke mcgq` mk`  |acazmk fcam|ct+ <+ Emhlm| pa|imdp pahm'pg~di

6+ Lak`m(lak`m vaidpm|

Q|mdmk kvua| pba

Igh~apakvd @mvm|

Hmpa|d ^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk

dkpgkmvd tmke la|pa|dhm tmke la|imdpmk `akemk cdkeiqkemk vaidpm|

qk`mkemk tmke `dlmfmimk gcab eq|q'pahmk 6+ hahlmfm ktm|dke paiv jqkevdgmkc ~ak`ai pakpmke qk`mkemk 0+ hakomuml ~a|pmktmmk pakpmke dvd paiv jqkevdgkmc ~ak`ai –qk`mkemk‘ 1+ Haktalqpimk pqoqmk ighqkdimpdj  paiv jqkevdgkmc ~ak`ai –qk`mkemk‘ :+ Hakouml ~a|pmktmmk pakpmke fd|d ialmbmvmmk paiv jqkevdgkmc ~ak`ai –qk`mkemk‘

Ha|av~gk hmikm `mcmh paiv pqcdv jqkevdgkmc ~ak`ai va`a|bmkm vafm|m miq|mp cmkfm| `mk la|pa|dhm tmke la|imdpmk `akemk cdkeqkemk vaidpm|

Ha|av~gk hmikm `mk cmkeimb |apg|dim `mcmh avad ~ak`ai va`a|bmkm vafm|m miq|mp# cmkfm| `mk la|pa|dhm tmke la|imdpmk `akemk cdkeiqkemk vaidpm| `mcmh paiv

Iaedmpmk ^ahlacmom|mk

Hmikm ememvmk Hmikm paivpqmc `mcmh paiv `avf|d~pdza `mk |afgqkp Cmkeimb |apg|dim paiv `avf|d~pdza `mk |afgqkp Pqoqmk ighqkdimpdj paiv `avf|d~pdza `mk |afgqkp

=+

<+

Pmktm omuml la|lmemd bmc pa|imdp pahm'pg~di lmfmmk \azdau igvmimpm `mk pmpmlmbmvm pa|imdp oakdv paiv `avf|d~pdza'|afg

^akdcmdmk Dk`dimpg|

Paikdi

Lakpqi Dkvp|qhak

dkjg|hmvd `mcmh paiv jqkevdgkmc ~ak`ai la|lakpqi qk`mkemk Haked`akpdjdimvd jqkevd vgvdmc paiv jqkevdgkmc ~ak`ai la|lakpqi qk`mkemk Haked`akpdjdimvd fd|d ialmbmvmmk paiv jqkevdgkmc ~ak`ai la|lakpqi qk`mkemk

Hmikm ememvmk Hmikm paivpqmc `mcmh paiv `avf|d~pdza `mk |afgqkp Cmkeimb |apg|dim paiv `avf|d~pdza `mk |afgqkp Pqoqmk ighqkdimpdj  paiv `avf|d~pdza

Fgkpgb Dkvp|qhak gccgudke }qavpdgkv lmva`  gk pba parp

^E

 Mcgimvd  Umipq

0 r 0> hakdp

Pav pqcdv Fbggva pba lavp g~pdgk lmva` gk pba parp+

Vqhla| Lacmom|

=+ Lqiq paiv tmke |acazmk <+ Ig|mk'hmomcmb 6+ Emhlm| ~a|dvpdum'pah~m p 0+Cdkeiqkemk 0+ Cdkeiqkemk vaidpm|

Igh~apakvd @mvm| la|lakpqi `avf|d~pdza `mk |afgqkp

Hmpa|d ^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk

Iaedmpmk ^ahlacmom|mk

Fd|d ialmbmvmmk paiv `avf|d~pdza `mk |afgqkp

qkp Hahlmfm paiv `avf|d~pdza'|afg qkp 0+ Hakomuml ~a|pmktmmk pakpmke dkjg|hmvd tmke pa|`m~mp `mcmh paiv 1+ Hakomuml ~a|pmktmmk pakpmke pqoqmk ighqkdimpdj  p`mk cmkeimb |apg|dim paiv `avf|d~pdza'|afg qkp :+ Haktalqpimk fd|d(fd|d ialmbmvmmk paiv tmke `dlmfm 5+ Hahlmfm ktm|dke `mk la|hmikm paiv `avf|d~pdza'|afg qkp 6+

^akdcmdmk Dk`dimpg|

Paikdi

Lakpqi Dkvp|qhak

`mk |afgqkp Fd|d ialmbmvmmk paiv `avf|d~pdza `mk |afgqkp

Fgkpgb Dkvp|qhak

 Mcgimvd  Umipq

Vqhla| Lacmom|

+

Vpmk`m| Igh~apakvd ? Hakqcdv :+ Hakeqkeim~imk Hakeqkeim~imk hmikm `mcmh paiv pqcdv jqkevdgkmc jqkevdgkmc `mk avad ~ak`ai va`a|bmkm la|lakpqi `avf|d~pdza# `mk |afgqkp qkpqi la|dkpa|mivd `akemk cdkeiqkemk vaidpm| Hmpa|d

Iaedmpmk

Dk`dimpg|

^akdcmdmk

Mcgimvd

Vqhla|

Igh~apakvd @mvm| :+=+ Hakeqkeim~imk hmikm `mcmh lakpqi paiv pqcdv jqkevdgkmc ~ak`ai va`a|bmkm `akemk hakeeqkmimk |memh lmbmvm pqcdv vafm|m miq|mp# cmkfm| `mk la|pa|dhm qkpqi la|dkpa|mivd `akemk cdkeiqkemk vaidpm|

^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk ^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk

Paiv jqkevdgkmc ~ak`ai la|q~m ? ( Qk`mkemk ( ^akeqhqhmk ( ^avmk Vdkeimp

Paiv |qh~mke :+<+ Hakeqkeim~imk la|lakpqi hmikm `mk cmkeimb ( `avf|d~pdza |apg|dim `mcmh avad ( |afgqkp ~ak`ai va`a|bmkm `akemk Imcdhmp mfmi hakeeqkmimk |memh lmbmvm pqcdv vafm|m miq|mp# cmkfm| `mk la|pa|dhm qkpqi la|dkpa|mivd `akemk cdkeiqkemk vaidpm| `mcmh paiv la|lakpqi `avf|d~pdza `mk |afgqkp

^ahlacmom|mk

=+

Pmktm omuml la|lmemd bmc pa|imdp pahm'pg~di paiv jqkevdgkmc tmke mimk `dlmbmv <+ ^akeqmpmk iahlmcd igvmimpm `mk pmpm lmbmvm pa|imdp oakdv paiv jqkevdgkmc 6+ Hakqcdv imcdhmp va`a|bmkm pa|imdp oakdv paiv 0+ Hakqcdv paiv jqkevdgkmc ~ak`ai la|`mvm|imk igkpaiv

=+

<+

6+

\azdau qkeim~mk( qkeim~mk tmke hak`avi|d~vdim k lak`m# g|mke mpmq pah~mp+ Hakqcdv imcdhmp tmke hak`avi|d~vdim k lak`m# pah~mp# g|mke mpmq ldkmpmke la|`mvm|imk emhlm|'|amcdm+ Hacakeim~d |qh~mke `mcmh

Hacakeim~d |qh~mke paiv jqkevdgkmc ~ak`ai Hatqvqk impm hakom`d paiv jqkevdgkmc tmke la|hmikm Hakqcdv paiv jqkevdgkmc ~ak`ai

Hacakeim~d |qh~mke paiv avvmd ~ak`ai la|lakpqi `avf|d~pdza

Paikdi

Lakpqi Dkvp|qhak

Pav pqcdv

Avvmt 

Fgkpgb Dkvp|qhak

Umipq

Lacmom|

 =+ U|dpa vdh~ca < r 0> hakdp =+ Lqiq paiv tmke vakpakfav |acazmkFgkpgb lmva` gk pba qk`mkemk# vdpqmpdgk edzak+ ~akeqhqhmk#  <+ U|dpa mk VHV dkzdpmpdgk' mk <+Emhlm| <+ Emhlm| tmke mkkgqkfahakp |acazmk ' havvmea lmva` gk pba vdpqmpdgk edzak+

Pav pqcdv

Fgh~capdgk

Fgh~capa pba  ~m|me|m~b qvdke pba vqdpmlca ug|`v+

Pav pqcdv

 Oqhlca`  vakpakfav

\am||mkea pba 0 r 0> hakdp =+ Lqiq paiv  tmke |acazmk  jgccgudke vakpakfav <+ Emhlm| fg||afpct+ pa|imdp pahm'pg~di

Haktqvqk imcdhmp hakom`d paiv tmke la|hmikm `mcmh lakpqi `avf|d~pdza

6+ Lak`m(lak`m vaidpm|

Pav pqcdv Hakqcdv paiv avvmd `mcmh lakpqi

 

Avvmt

U|dpa mk avvmt avvmt `avf|dldke vghapbdke g| m

Igh~apakvd @mvm|

Hmpa|d ^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk

Iaedmpmk ^ahlacmom|mk paiv `avi|d~pdj  `akemk impm  tmke pa~mp+ 0+ Haktqvqk imcdhmp mfmi hakom`d paiv `avi|d~pdj tmke pa|~m`q+ 1+ Hahlqmp `|mjp paiv `avi|d~pdza vafm|m hmk`d|d+ :+ Hakeaiv~gv paiv `avf|d~pdza  tmke `dpqcdv `d iacmv+

^akdcmdmk Dk`dimpg| `avf|d~pdza +

Paikdi

Lakpqi Dkvp|qhak

Fgkpgb Dkvp|qhak fa|pmdk ~cmfa+

 Mcgimvd  Umipq

Hakeapmbqd# Ia~mcm VH^ Kaea|d : @m|mke`mk

Eq|q Hmpm ^acmom|mk Lmbmvm Dkee|dv

Fmbtm Mk`|dmkd# V+^`+ KD^? =6= <5: >12

Aim Cqvdmk`mkd Igkfm|m

Vqhla| Lacmom|

VDCMLQV Vaigcmb Iacmv Hmpm ^acmom|mk Vahavpa|

? VH^ Kaea|d : @m|mke`mk ? ZDDD "@acm~mk $ ? Lmbmvm Dkee|dv ? < "@qm$

Vpmk`m| Igh~apakvd ? Hak`akem|imk Hak`akem|imk 5+

Hahmbmhd hmikm `mcmh ~a|fmim~mk p|mkvmivdgkmc p|mkvmivdgkmc `mk dkpa|~a|vgkmc dkpa|~a|vgkmc ~ak`ai va`a|bmkm qkpqi qkpqi la|dkpa|mivd `akemk `akemk cdkeiqkemk vaidpm|

Igh~apakvd @mvm|

Hmpa|d Iaedmpmk ^ahlacmom|mk ^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk

Ha|av~gk hmikm ^a|fmim~mk tmke  tmke pa|`m~mp `mcmh hahqmp qkeim~mk( ~a|fmim~mk qkeim~mk la|diqp? p|mkvmivdgkmc "pg eap ? @g tgq hdk` cak`dke pbdkev `gka $ `mk ha vgha hgkat7  dkpa|~a|vgkmc L? Kg ^|glcah ' D umkp "la|vgvdmcdvmvd$ pg# lqp +++ ~ak`ai va`a|bmkm vafm|m miq|mp# ? Fmk D bmza m ldp cmkfm|# `mk L? Vq|a# ba|a tgq m|a la|pa|dhm qkpqi la|dkpa|mivd `akemk ?Ba|a—v vgha hgkat cdkeiqkemk pa|`aimp  jg| tgq  tmke hacdlmpimk L? D fmk—p pmia pbdv# pdk`mi pqpq|? vg||t hahdkpm# hahla|d# hakgcmi omvm# ? @g tgq cdia dp7  hahdkpm# hahla|d# L? Tav D `g hakgcmi lm|mke# `mk hahdkpm# ? Bmza tgq `gka dp7  hahla|d `mk L? Vg||t# D bmzak—p hakedkeim|d dkjg|hmvd# hahdkpm# ? @g tgq pbdki dp—v hahla|d# `mk  egg`7  hakgcmi ~ak`m~mp# L? D pbdki vg ' Vg||t# D  `mk hakmum|imk ' fmk—p vmt mktpbdke haka|dhm ' hakgcmi vavqmp ? Ugqc` tgq cdia

Acdfdpdke igvmimpm pa|imdp pg~di tmke mimk `dlmbmv "kgqk# za|l# m`oafpdza# m`za|l$ <+ Hakakpqimk hmikm impm `mk hakeeqkmimkktm `mcmh imcdhmp 6+ Hak`akem|imk eq|q `mk hakd|qimk qkeim~mk( qkeim~mk pa|imdp hmpa|d 0+ Hak`akem|imk ~a|fmim~mk pakpmke hmpa|d pa|imdp 1+ Hakomuml la|lmemd dkjg|hmvd tmke pa|`m~mp `mcmh ~a|fmim~mk :+ Ha|av~gk qkeim~mk( qkeim~mk tmke pa|imdp hmpa|d

=+

^akdcmdmk Dk`dimpg|

Paikdi

Lakpqi Dkvp|qhak

Fgkpgb Dkvp|qhak

 Mcgimvd  Umipq

Vqhla| Lacmom|

Dvdmk vdkeimp Cdvpak pg pba < r 0> hakdp =+ Vf|d~p ~a| qiq ar~|avvdgk mk`  paiv tmke u|dpa tgq|  |acazmk |av~gkva pg dp+ <+\aimhmk <+ \aimhmk ~a|fmim~mk Cdvpak pg pba Pav cdvmk  Omumlmk 6+ Pm~a Ha|av~gk ar~|avvdgk mk`  vdkeimp |afg|`a| qkeim~mk  edza tgq|  0+F@ hahdkpm#hahla|d# |av~gkva pg dp+ 1+F@ 1+ F@ ~cmta| hakgcmi lm|mke :+ emhlm| 5+Lak`m 5+Lak`m vaidpm| Ha|av~gk 2+ hg`ac qkeim~mk lak`m hahdkpm# hahla|d# hakedkeim|d dkjg|hmvd Pav Ha|av~gk pa|pqcdv qkeim~mk hahdkpm#hahla|d# hakgcmi omvm

Ha|av~gk qkeim~mk hahdkpm#hahla|d# hakgcmi ~ak`m~mp Ha|av~gk qkeim~mk hahdkpm#haka|dh m# hakgcmi pmum|mk

Igh~apakvd @mvm|

Hmpa|d Iaedmpmk ^ahlacmom|mk ^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk vgha+++ L? Tav# ~camva ' Kg# pbmkiv

Ha|av~gk hmikm  tmke pa|`m~mp `mcmh ~a|fmim~mk p|mkvmivdgkmc "pg eap pbdkev `gka $ `mk dkpa|~a|vgkmc "la|vgvdmcdvmvd$ ~ak`ai va`a|bmkm vafm|m miq|mp# cmkfm|# `mk la|pa|dhm qkpqi la|dkpa|mivd `akemk cdkeiqkemk pa|`aimp  tmke hacdlmpimk pdk`mi pqpq|? hahdkpm# hahla|d ~a|vapqoqmk# ha|av~gk ~a|ktmpmmk# hahla|d ~a|bmpdmk pa|bm`m~ ~ahldfm|m# hakemumcd# hah~a|~mkomke# `mk hakqpq~ ~a|fmim~mk# `mk hakemumcd# hah~a|~mkomke# `mk hakqpq~ ~a|fmim~mk paca~gk

=+

Pmktm omuml la|lmemd bmc ^a|fmim~mk tmke pa|imdp hahqmp qkeim~mk( pahm'pg~di tmke qkeim~mk la|diqp? mimk `dlmbmv ? Ubmp dj dp D `g dp <+ Hak`mjpm| memdk+ igvmimpm tmke L? Jdka# udpb ha+ `deqkmimk `mcmh ? D bmza pg eg kgu+ ~a|fmim~mk L? @g tgq bmza pg7  6+ Hakakpqimk ? ++++++++++ hmikm igvmimpm L? \debp ' D vaa ' `mcmh `mjpm| Bh+++h+ 0+ Hakeeqkmimk igvmimpm `mcmh imcdhmp Baccg# arfqva ha 1+ Pmktm omuml +++++ hakeeqkmimk @d` tgq7 ' Ua|a qkeim~mk ‖  tgq 7  qkeim~mk pa|imdp Pbmkiv' Lta+++' Vaa :+ Hakd|qimk  tgq+ qkeim~mk tmke `dqfm~imk eq|q Fgqc` D v~ami pg ++++ 5+ Hak`akem|imk ~a|fmim~mk  ~camva7  2+ Hakomuml Uacc# D—h fmccdke ~a|pmktmmk pg++++ pakpmke  Kdfa pmcidke pg tgq ~a|fmim~mk

^akdcmdmk Dk`dimpg|

Ha|av~gk qkeim~mk hahdkpm#hahla|d ~a|vapqoqmk

Paikdi

Lakpqi Dkvp|qhak

Pav cdvmk Ha|av~gk qkeim~mk

Fgkpgb Dkvp|qhak

Hakemumcd# hah~a|~mkomke mk hakqpq~ ~a|fmim~mk Ha|av~gk qkeim~mk hakemumcd# hah~a|~mkomke `mk hakqpq~ ~a|fmim~mk paca~gk

Vqhla| Lacmom|

< r 0> hakdp Cdvpak pg pba ar~|avvdgkv mk`   edza tgq|  |av~gkva pg pbah+

Ha|av~gk qkeim~mk ~a|ktmpmmk Ha|av~gk qkeim~mk hahla|d ~a|bmpdmk Pav pqcdv pa|bm`m~ ~ahldfm|m

 Mcgimvd  Umipq

Hacakeim~d ~a|fmim~mk Cdvpak pg pba `dmcgeqa mk`  fgh~capa pba parp

= Lqiq paiv  tmke |acazmk < Vf|d~p ~a|fmim~mk 6 \aimhmk ~a|fmim~mk 0 Pm~a |afg|`a| 1 Emhlm| tmke |acazmk

Vpmk`m| Igh~apakvd ? Hak`akem|imk Hak`akem|imk 2+ Hahmbmhd hmikm `mcmh ~a|fmim~mk p|mkvmivdgkmc p|mkvmivdgkmc `mk dkpa|~a|vgkmc dkpa|~a|vgkmc ~ak`ai va`a|bmkm va`a|bmkm qkpqi la|dkpa|mivd la|dkpa|mivd `akemk cdkeiqkemk cdkeiqkemk vaidpm|

Igh~apakvd @mvm| Ha|av~gk hmikm tmke pa|`m~mp `mcmh paiv cdvmk jqkevdgkmc ~ak`ai va`a|bmkm vafm|m miq|mp# cmkfm|# `mk la|pa|dhm qkpqi la|dkpa|mivd `akemk cdkeiqkemk vaidpm|

Hmpa|d ^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk

^akdcmdmk

Iaedmpmk ^ahlacmom|mk

Acdfdpdke igvmimpm pa|imdp pg~di tmke mimk `dlmbmv "kgqk# za|l# m`oafpdza# m`za|l$  <+ Hakakpqimk hmikm impm `mk hakeeqkmimkktm ? Fmk D bmza m ldp `mcmh imcdhmp L? Vq|a# ba|a tgq m|a  6+ Hak`akem|imk eq|q `mk ?Ba|a—v vgha hgkat jg|  hakd|qimk  tgq qkeim~mk( L? D fmk—p pmia pbdv# vg||t qkeim~mk pa|imdp hmpa|d ? @g tgq cdia dp7  0+ Hak`akem|imk L? Tav D `g ~a|fmim~mk pakpmke hmpa|d pa|imdp ? Bmza tgq `gka dp7   1+ Hakomuml la|lmemd L? Vg||t# D bmzak—p dkjg|hmvd tmke pa|`m~mp `mcmh ? @g tgq pbdki dp—v ~a|fmim~mk  egg`7  :+ Ha|av~gk L? D pbdki vg ' Vg||t# D  qkeim~mk( fmk—p vmt mktpbdke qkeim~mk tmke pa|imdp hmpa|d ? Ugqc` tgq cdia vgha+++ L? Tav# ~camva ' Kg# pbmkiv

^a|fmim~mk tmke hahqmp qkeim~mk( qkeim~mk la|diqp? ? @g tgq hdk` cak`dke ha vgha hgkat7  L? Kg ^|glcah ' D umkp pg# lqp +++

Ha|av~gk hmikm tmke pa|`m~mp `mcmh hgkgcge ~ak`ai va`a|bmkm vafm|m miq|mp# cmkfm|# ^a|fmim~mk tmke `mk la|pa|dhm

 =+

=+

Pmktm omuml

 Mcgimvd Vqhla|  Umipq Lacmom| Lakpqi Fgkpgb Dkvp|qhak Dkvp|qhak Pav pqcdv Hacakeim~d Cdvpak pg pba < r 0> =+ Lqiq paiv Haked`akpdjdimvd Haked`akpdjdimvd la|lmemd |qh~mke `dmcgeqa mk`  hakdp  tmke dkjg|hmvd `mcmh paiv jqkevdgkmc fgh~capa pba |acazmk ~ak`ai gccgudke <+Vf|d~p <+ Vf|d~p paiv qk`mkemk#~akeqhqhmk#~avmk parp+ jqkevdgkmc vdkeimp ~ak`ai 6+\aimhmk 6+ \aimhmk Haked`akpdjdimvd Haked`akpdjdimvd pqoqmk paiv ighqkdimpdj paiv jqkevdgkmc 0+Pm~a ~ak`ai |afg|`a| 1+Fgkpgb 1+ Fgkpgb paiv jqkevdgkmc :+ Emh lm| tmke |acazmk Dk`dimpg|

Haked`akpdjdimvd Haked`akpdjdimvd la|lmemd dkjg|hmvd `mcmh paiv hgkgcge km|mpdza

Paikdi

Pav pqcdv ^dcdbmk emk`m Cdvpak pg pba parp mk`  fbggva pba

< r 0> hakdp =+ Lqiq paiv

Igh~apakvd @mvm| qkpqi la|dkpa|mivd `akemk cdkeiqkemk vaidpm| `mcmh paiv la|lakpqi km||mpdza `mk |afgqkp

Hmpa|d ^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk

^akdcmdmk Iaedmpmk ^ahlacmom|mk

hahqmp qkeim~mk( la|lmemd bmc pa|imdp qkeim~mk la|diqp? pahm'pg~di tmke ? Ubmp dj dp D `g dp memdk+ mimk `dlmbmv L? Jdka# udpb ha+ <+ Hak`mjpm| igvmimpm ? D bmza pg eg kgu+  tmke `deqkmimk L? @g tgq bmza pg7  `mcmh ~a|fmim~mk ? ++++++++++ 6+ Hakakpqimk L? \debp ' D vaa ' Bh+++h+ hmikm igvmimpm `mcmh `mjpm| Baccg# arfqva ha +++++ 0+ Hakeeqkmimk igvmimpm `mcmh @d` tgq7 ' Ua|a tgq imcdhmp 7  1+ Pmktm omuml Pbmkiv' Lta+++' Vaa hakeeqkmimk  tgq+ qkeim~mk ‖ qkeim~mk pa|imdp :+ Hakd|qimk Fgqc` D v~ami pg ++++ qkeim~mk tmke  ~camva7  `dqfm~imk eq|q Uacc# D—h fmccdke pg++++ 5+ Hak`akem|imk  Kdfa pmcidke pg tgq ~a|fmim~mk 2+ Hakomuml ~a|pmktmmk pakpmke ~a|fmim~mk

Dk`dimpg|

Haked`akpdjdimvd Haked`akpdjdimvd pqoqmk ighqkdimpdj paiv km|mpdj 

Paikdi

Lakpqi Dkvp|qhak

 Mcgimvd Vqhla|  Umipq Lacmom| Fgkpgb Dkvp|qhak |debp mkvua|   tmke |acazmk <+Vf|d~p <+ Vf|d~p fa|dpm km|mpdj  6+ \aimhmk fa|dpm 0+Pm~a 0+ Pm~a |afg|`a|

Vpmk`m| Igh~apakvd ? La|ldfm|m 4+ Hakeqkeim~imk Hakeqkeim~imk hmikm `mcmh ~a|fmim~mk p|mkvmivdgkmc `mk dkpa|~a|vgkmc cdvmk ~ak`ai va`a|bmkm qkpqi la|dkpa|mivd `akemk cdkeiqkemk vaidpm| Igh~apakvd @mvm|

Hmpa|d Iaedmpmk ^ahlacmom|mk ^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk

4+=+ Hakeqkeim~imk ^a|fmim~mk vdkeimp hmikm `mcmh hahqmp qkeim~mk ‖ ~a|fmim~mk qkeim~mk ? p|mkvmivdgkmc "pg  eap pbdkev `gka $  M? @g tgq hdk`  `mk dkpa|~a|vgkmc cak`dke ha vgha "la|vgvdmcdvmvd$ hgkat7  ~ak`ai va`a|bmkm L? Kg# ~|glcahv `akemk hakeeqkmimk ? Fmk D bmza m ldp7  |memh lmbmvm cdvmk L? Vq|a# ba|a tgq m|a+ vafm|m miq|mp# cmkfm|# `mk ? Ba|a dv vgha la|pa|dhm qkpqi hgkat jg| tgq+ la|dkpa|mivd L? Vg||t# D fmk—p pmia `akemk cdkeiqkemk pbdv+ pa|`aimp tmke hacdlmpimk pdk`mi ? @g tgq cdia dp 7  pqpq|? hahdkpm# L? Tav# D `g+ hahla|d# hakgcmi  omvm# hahdkpm# ? Bmza tgq `gka dp7  hahla|d# hakgcmi L?Kg# D bmzak—p+ lm|mke# hahdkpm# hahla|d `mk ? @g tgq pbdki dp—v hakedkeim|d  egg`7  dkjg|hmvd# L? D pbdki dp dv ' Vg||t D  hahdkpm#

=+

<+

6+

Hakeahlmkeimk igvmimpm pa|imdp `akemk oakdv qkeim~mk `mk pahm'pg~di tmke pa|imdp Pmktm omuml pakpmke la|lmemd bmc hakeeqkmimk qkeim~mk pa|imdp hmpa|d'pg~di+pahm  tmke `d ~dccdb Hakd|qimk qkeim~mk( qkeim~mk pa|imdp hmpa|d tmke `dqfm~imk eq|q

0+ Cmpdbmk la|pmktm `mk hakomuml hakeeqkmimk qkeim~mk tmke pacmb `d~acmom|d vafm|m

^akdcmdmk Dk`dimpg|

Paikdi

Pav cdvmk La|pmktm `mk hakomuml pakpmke hahdkpm#hahla|d#hakgcmi  omvm La|pmktm `mk hakomuml pakpmke hahdkpm#hahla|d#hakgcmi lm|mke La|pmktm `mk hakomuml pakpmke hahdkpm#hahla|d hahdkpm#hahla|d `mk hakedkeim|d dkjg|hmvd La|pmktm `mk hakomuml pakpmke hahdkpm#hahla|d hahdkpm#hahla|d `mk hakgcmi ~ak`m~mp La|pmktm `mk hakomuml pakpmke hakmum|imk#haka|dhm#hak gcmi vavqmpq La|pmktm `mk hakomuml pakpmke hahdkpm#hahla|d hahdkpm#hahla|d ~a|vapqoqmk

Lakpqi Dkvp|qhak

Fgkpgb Dkvp|qhak

La|hmdk ~a|mk

F|ampa m `dmcgeqa lmva`  gk pba |gca fm|`v mk`  a|jg|h dp dk |gkp gj pba fcmvv

 Mcgimvd  Umipq

Vqhla| Lacmom|

< r 0> hakdp

=+ Lqiq paiv  tmke |acazmk <+ Emhlm|  tmke |acazmk 6+ Lak`m vaidpm|

Igh~apakvd @mvm|

Hmpa|d Iaedmpmk ^ahlacmom|mk ^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk

fmk—p vmt mkt pbdke hahla|d# `mk hakgcmi ~ak`m~mp# `mk hakmum|imk ' ? Ugqc` tgq cdia 1+ vgha +++++7  haka|dhm ' hakgcmi vavqmpq L? Tav# ~camva ' Kg# Pbmkiv

4+<+ Hakeqkeim~imk hmikm `mcmh Paiv ~a|fmim~mk ~a|fmim~mk hahqmp qkeim~mk p|mkvmivdgkmc "pg la|diqp?  eap pbdkev `gka $ ? ubmp dj D `g dp `mk dkpa|~a|vgkmc memdk7  "la|vgvdmcdvmvd$ L? Jdka udpb ha+ ~ak`ai va`a|bmkm `akemk ? D Hqvp eg kgu hakeeqkmimk L? @g tgq bmza pg7  |memh lmbmvm cdvmk vafm|m miq|mp# \debp+ cmkfm|# `mk D vaa+ la|pa|dhm qkpqi Bh+++h tamb la|dkpa|mivd `akemk cdkeiqkemk Baccg#arfqva ha pa|`aimp tmke @d` tgq7 ' Ua|a hacdlmpimk pdk`mi  tgq7  pqpq|? hahdkpm# Pbmkiv' Lta ' vaa hahla|d  tgq ~a|vapqoqmk# Fgqc` D v~ami pg ++7  ha|av~gk Uacc#D—h fmccdke pg ~a|ktmpmmk# +++7  hahla|d ~a|bmpdmk  Kdfa pmcidke pg tgq+ pa|bm`m~ ~ahldfm|m#

^akdcmdmk Dk`dimpg|

Paikdi

Lakpqi Dkvp|qhak

Fgkpgb Dkvp|qhak

 Mcgimvd  Umipq

Vqhla| Lacmom|

la|~mvmkemk La|hmdk ~a|mk hacmiqimk ~a|fmim~mk la|`mvm|imk vdpqmvd tmke `dla|dimk

=+ Pmktm omuml hakeeqkmimk la|lmemd igvmimpm `mk qkeim~mk tmke pacmb `d~acmom|d <+ Hak`akem|imk  tmke hahqmp qkeim~mk( qkeim~mk tmke pacmb `d~acmom|d 6+ Hakomuml ~a|pmktmmk pakpmke dvd ~a|fmim~mk 0+Hakomuml 0+ Hakomuml ~a|pmktmmk pakpmke hmikm `mk jqkevd qkeim~mk pa|imdp 1+ Hakeeqkmimk qkeim~mk ‖ qkeim~mk pa|imdp la|`mvm|imk igkpaiv :+La|hmdk :+ La|hmdk ~a|mk hakeqkmimk qkeim~mk tmke pacmb `d~acmom|d

La|pmktm `mk hakomuml pakpmke ha|av~gk ~a|ktmpmmk La|pmktm `mk hakomuml pakpmke hahla|d ~a|bmpdmk pa|bm`m~ cmumk ldfm|m

Hakemumcd#hah~a|~mkomke Pav cdvmk hakqpq~ ~a|fmim~mk

Hakemumcd#hah~a|~mkomke hakqpq~ ~a|fmim~mk paca~gk

La|hmdk ~a|mk

< r 0> hakdp F|ampa m `dmcgeqa lmva`  gk pba |gca fm|`v mk`  a|jg|h dp dk |gkp gj pba fcmvv+

=+ Lqiq paiv  tmke |acazmk <+Emhlm| <+ Emhlm|  tmke |acazmk 6+ Lak`m vaidpm| 0+Im|pq 0+ Im|pq ~a|mk

Igh~apakvd @mvm|

Hmpa|d Iaedmpmk ^ahlacmom|mk ^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk

^akdcmdmk Dk`dimpg|

Paikdi

Lakpqi Dkvp|qhak

Fgkpgb Dkvp|qhak

 Mcgimvd  Umipq

Vqhla| Lacmom|

hakemumcd# hah~a|~mkomke# `mk hakqpq~ ~a|fmim~mk# va|pm hakemumcd# hah~a|~mkomke# `mk hakqpq~ ~a|fmim~mk paca~gk

Vpmk`m| Igh~apakvd ? La|ldfm|m =>+ Hakeqkeim~imk Hakeqkeim~imk hmikm `mcmh paiv paiv cdvmk jqkevdgkmc `mk hgkgcge ~ak`ai ~ak`ai va`a|bmkm va`a|bmkm la|lakpqi |afgqkp# `mk km||mpdza qkpqi la|dkpa|mivd `akemk cdkeiqkemk vaidpm|

Igh~apakvd @mvm| =>+=

Hmpa|d ^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk

^akdcmdmk Iaedmpmk ^ahlacmom|mk

Hakeqkeim~imk Paiv jqkevdgkmc =+ hmikm `mcmh paiv ~ak`ai ? cdvmk jqkevdgkmc ( Qk`mkemk ~ak`ai va`a|bmkm ( ^akeqhqhmk `akemk ( ^avmk vdkeimp hakeeqkmimk |memh lmbmvm <+ cdvmk vafm|m miq|mp# cmkfm| `mk la|pa|dhm qkpqi la|dkpa|mivd `akemk 6+ cdkeiqkemk vaidpm|

\azdau igvmimpm `mk qkeim~mk tmke `deqkmimk `mcmh paiv jqkevdgkmc ~ak`ai pa|imdp hmpa|d Hahlqmp imcdhmp va`a|bmkm qkpqi? ( hakeqk`mke ( hakeqhqhimk ( hahla|d ~avmk Hahlmbmv emhldp( emhldp tmke va|dke hqkfqc `mcmh paiv

Dk`dimpg|

Paikdi

Lakpqi Dkvp|qhak

Fgkpgb Dkvp|qhak

Hakeqkeim~imk Pav cdvmk ^a|jg|hmkfa  =+ Dkzdpa tgq|   j|dak` g|mcct vafm|m cdvmk paiv pg ogdk m jqkevdgkmc ? ( `dvfqvvdgk gk ^akeqhqhmk pba `mkea| gj  ( Qk`mkemk `|qev+ ( ^avmk vdkeimp  <+ Edza La|pmktm `mk mkkgqkfaha hakomuml vafm|m kp g|mcct cdvmk la|lmemd mlgqp pba dkjg `mcmh paiv  ~cmk gj pba ~akeqhqhmk# p|d~ pg qk`mkemk# qk`mkemk# ~avmk Lg|glq`q|  vdkeimp Pah~ca+

 Mcgimvd  Umipq

Vqhla| Lacmom|

< r 0> hakdp

=+ Lqiq paiv tmke |acazmk <+Emhlm| <+ Emhlm| pa|imdp hmpa|d `mk pg~di 6+Lak`m 6+ Lak`m vaidpm| 0+Paiv 0+Paiv lakpqi ibqvqv? ( qk`mkemk ( ~akeqhqhmk ( ~avmk vdkeimp

Igh~apakvd @mvm|

Hmpa|d ^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk

^akdcmdmk Iaedmpmk ^ahlacmom|mk jqkevdgkmc pa|imdp 0+ Hahlqmp vafm|m cdvmk? ( qk`mkemk ( ~akeqhqhmk ( ~avmk vdkeimp

Paikdi

Lakpqi Dkvp|qhak

Fgkpgb Dkvp|qhak  6+ Pacc tgq|   j|dak` pg umdp  jg| tgq mjpa|  vfbggc+

 Mcgimvd  Umipq

Vqhla| Lacmom|

=+

=>+< Hakeqkeim~ Hakeqkeim~ imk hmikm `mcmh hgkgcge ~ak`ai va`a|bmkm `akemk hakeeqkmimk |memh lmbmvm cdvmk vafm|m miq|mp# cmkfm|# `mk la|pa|dhm qkpqi la|dkpa|mivd `akemk cdkeiqkemk vaidpm| `mcmh paiv la|lakpqi |afgqkp `mk km||mpdza

Paiv hgkgcge la|lakpqi km||mpdza

\azdau igvmimpm `mk pmpm lmbmvm pa|imdp  oakdv paiv km||mpdza `mk pahm tmke `d~dcdb <+ Hahlqmp imcdhmp va`a|bmkm vafm|m cdvmk pa|imdp fd|d(fd|d ialmbmvmmk paiv km||mpdza ( vdh~ca ~mvp (  ~mvp fgkpdkqgqv ( pah~g|mc  fgkoqkfpdgkv ( fgkkafpdza ug|`v ( m`za|lv ( m`oafpdzav 6+ Hacmiqimk ~a|fmim~mk pa|imdp fa|dpm ~g~qca| `d igpmktm hakeeqkmimk emhldp(emhldp tmke vavqmd+ Fgkpgb? \amcct7  Pbmp—v pa||dlca-# Bgu pbak7# Jd|vp#++++# pbak++++# jdkmcct+++ 0+ Hakfa|dpmimk iahlmcd paiv km|mpdza tmke ~a|kmb

Dk`dimpg|

Pav cdvmk ^a|jg|hmkfa Hacmiqimk hgkgcge ~ak`ai va`a|bmkm `mcmh lakpqi km||mpdza  =+ `mk |afgqkp

\apacc m vpg|t pbmp  tgq ikgu za|t uacc+   <+ Pacc m vpg|t lmva`  gk pba va|dav gj m  ~dfpq|av  edzak+

0 r 0> hakdp

+Lqiq paiv tmke |acazmk +Emhlm| tmke |acazmk 6+Lak`m vaidpm| 0+ Lqiq fa|dpm `mcmh lmbmvm Dkee|dv

Igh~apakvd @mvm|

Hmpa|d ^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk

^akdcmdmk Iaedmpmk ^ahlacmom|mk

1+

Dk`dimpg|

Paikdi

Lakpqi Dkvp|qhak

Fgkpgb Dkvp|qhak

 Mcgimvd  Umipq

Vqhla| Lacmom|

`d`akem| Hakfa|dpmimk la|`mvm|imk Emhlm| fa|dpm ~g~qca|+

Vpmk`m| Igh~apakvd ? Hahlmfm ==+Hahmbmhd ==+Hahmbmhd hmikm `mcmh avad ~ak`ai va`a|bmkm la|lakpqi |afgqkp# `mk km||mpdza qkpqi la|dkpa|mivd `akemk cdkeiqkemk vaidpm| Igh~apakvd @mvm|

Hmpa|d Iaedmpmk ^ahlacmom|mk ^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk

^akdcmdmk Dk`dimpg|

Paikdi

Lakpqi Dkvp|qhak

Fgkpgb Dkvp|qhak

 Mcgimvd  Umipq

Vqhla| Lacmom|

Igh~apakvd @mvm| ==+= Hahlmfm ktm|dke la|hmikm paiv jqkevdgkmc `mk avvmd ~ak`ai va`a|bmkm la|lakpqi |afgqkp `mk km||mpdza `akemk qfm~mk# paimkmk `mk dkpgkmvd  tmke la|pa|dhm tmke la|imdpmk `akemk cdkeiqkemk vaidpm|

Hmpa|d Iaedmpmk ^ahlacmom|mk ^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk

=+ Paiv Avvmd la|lakpqi km||mpdza ' |afgqkp

Pmktm omuml hakeahlmkeimk igvmimpm la|`mvm|imk emhlm| fa|dpm Fd|d ialmbmvmmk ~g~qcm| Paiv Avvmd <+ Pmktm omuml la|lakpqi hakeemcd km||mpdza ' dkjg|hmvd `mcmh |afgqkp fa|dpm la|`mvm|imk emhlm| Pqoqmk ighqkdimpdj paiv 6+ Hak`akem|imk paiv km||mpdza ' avvmd km||mpdj ' |afgqkp tmke |afgqkp `dlmfm eq|q Cmkeimb |apg|dim 0+ Hahlmfm ktm|dke paiv km||mpdza ' km||mpdza ' |afgqkp |afgqkp `akemk qfm~mk `mk dkpgkmvd tmke lakm| 1+ Hakomuml la|lmemd ~a|pmktmmk pakpmke dkjg|hmvd `mcmh paiv tmke `d lmfm :+ Hakakpqimk pqoqmk ighqkdimpdj paiv km||mpdza ' |afgqkp tmke `d lmfm 5+ Hakakpqimk cmkeimb |apg|dim `m|d paiv km||mpdza ' |afgqkp tmke `d lmfm

^akdcmdmk Dk`dimpg|

Paikdi

Lakpqi Dkvp|qhak

Hahlmfm ktm|dke Pav cdvmk Hahlmfm ktm|dke `mk la|hmikm paiv avvmd la|lakpqi km||mpdza ' |afgqkp Haked`akpdjdimvd la|lmemd hmikm paiv km||mpdza ' |afgqkp Haked`akpdjdimvd pqoqmk ighqkdimpdj paiv km||mpdza ' |afgqkp Haked`akpdjdimvd cmkeimb |apg|dim `mk fd|d ialmbmvmmk paiv km||mpdza ' |afgqkp

Pav pqcdvmk

Fgkpgb Dkvp|qhak \am` pba vpg|t mcgq`+

 Mcgimvd  Umipq

Vqhla| Lacmom|

0 r 0> hakdp +Lqiq paiv  tmke |acazmk + Lqiq fa|dpm lmbmvm Dkee|dv ^dcdbmk emk`m Fbggva pba + Emhlm| ( |debp mkvua|  emhlm| lmva` gk pba pa|imdp fa|dpm parp+ 0+ \aimhmk Dvdmk vdkeimp fa|dpm Fgh~capa pba 1+ Pm~a gccgudke |afg|`a| vakpakfav qvdke :+ F@ pba dkjg|hmpdgk 5+ ZF@ ~cmta| |gh pba parp+ ^a|pmktmmk pa|pqcdv kvua| pba gccgudke }qavpdgkv lmva`  gk pba parp+

Igh~apakvd @mvm|

==+<

Hmpa|d Iaedmpmk ^ahlacmom|mk ^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk

Ha|av~gk hmikm `mcmh paiv pqcdv jqkevdgkmc ~ak`ai va`a|bmkm vafm|m Paiv jqkevdgkmc ? miq|mp# cmkfm| `mk ( qk`mkemk la|pa|dhm tmke ( ~akeqhqhmk la|imdpmk `akemk ( ~avmk cdkeiqkemk vaidpm|

2+ Hakakpqimk fd|d ialmbmvmmk paiv km||mpdza ' |afgqkp tmke `d lmfm 4+ Hahlmfm paiv km||mpdza ' |afgqkp cmdkktm

Pqoqmk ighqkdimpdj  =+

Fd|d ialmbmvmmk

<+

6+

0+

1+

:+

Hakfa|hmpd paiv jqkevdgkmc ~ak`ai pa|imdp hmpa|d Haktalqpimk oakdv paiv jqkevdgkmc  tmke `dfa|hmpd Hahlmfm ktm|dke paiv jqkevdgkmc pa|imdp hmpa|d Hakomuml ~a|pmktmmk pakpmke dkjg|hmvd  tmke pa|`m~mp `mcmh paiv Haktalqpimk fd|d( fd|d paiv jqkevdgkmc  tmke `dlmfm Hahlmfm paiv jqkevdgkmc ~ak`ai cmdkktm `m|d la|lmemd vqhla|

^akdcmdmk Dk`dimpg|

Paikdi

Lakpqi Dkvp|qhak

Fgkpgb Dkvp|qhak

^E Pav pqcdv Haked`akpdjdimvd la|lmemd dkjg|hmvd `mcmh paiv jqkevdgkmc Haked`akpdjdimvd pqoqmk ighqkdimpdj paiv jqkevdgkmc Hakedk`akpdjdimvd fd|d ialmbmvmmk paiv jqkevdgkmc

 Mcgimvd  Umipq

Vqhla| Lacmom|

< r 0> hakdp Fbggva pba lavp g~pdgk# m#l#f g|  ` 

=+ Lqiq paiv  tmke |acazmk <+ Fgkpgb paiv jqkevdgkmc 6+ Emhlm| pa|imdp hmpa|d `mk pg~di 0+Lak`m 0+ Lak`m vaidpm|

Vpmk`m| Igh~apakvd ? Hakqcdv =<+ Hakeqkeim~imk Hakeqkeim~imk hmikm `mcmh paiv pqcdv jqkevdgkmc `mk avad ~ak`ai va`a|bmkm la|lakpqi |afgqkp `mk km||mpdza qkpqi la|dkpa|mivd `akemk cdkeiqkemk vaidpm|

Igh~apakvd @mvm|

Hmpa|d Iaedmpmk ^ahlacmom|mk ^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk

=<+=+Hakeqkeim~imk =<+=+ Hakeqkeim~imk Paiv jqkevdgkmc ? hmikm `mcmh ( qk`mkemk lakpqi paiv pqcdv ( ~akeqhqhmk jqkevdgkmc ~ak`ai ( ~avmk vdkeimp va`a|bmkm `akemk hakeeqkmimk |memh lmbmvm pqcdv vafm|m miq|mp# cmkfm| `mk la|pa|dhm qkpqi la|dkpa|mivd `akemk cdkeiqkemk vaidpm|

=<+<+ Hakeqkeim~ Hakeqkeim~ imk hmikm `mk cmkeimb |apg|dim `mcmh avad ~ak`ai va`a|bmkm `akemk hakeeqkmimk |memh lmbmvm pqcdv vafm|m miq|mp# cmkfm| `mk la|pa|dhm qkpqi la|dkpa|mivd `akemk cdkeiqkemk vaidpm| la|lakpqi |afgqkp `mk km||mpdza

^akdcmdmk Dk`dimpg|

=+

\azdau pqoqmk Hakqcdv paiv ighqkdimpdj `mk jqkevdgkmc ~ak`ai fd|d(fd|d la|lakpqi ? ( ialmbmvmmk paiv ^akeqhqhmk jqkevdgkmc ( Qk`mkemk ~ak`ai pa|imdp ( ~avmk vdkeimp hmpa|d <+ Hakqcdv imcdhmp va`a|bmkm qkpqi hakeqk`mke# hakeqhqhimk# ~avmk vdkeimp 6+ Hacakeim~d pmaiv jqkevdgkmc ~ak`ai 0+ Hakqcdv paiv jqkevdgkmc ~ak`ai

=+ Paiv Avvmd km||mpdza ' |afgqkp Fd|d ialmbmvmmk <+ paiv km||mpdza ' |afgqkp Cmkeimb |apg|dim 6+ paiv km||mpdza ' |afgqkp

\azdau fd|d ialmbmvmmk paiv km||mpdza Hahlqmp imcdhmp va`a|bmkm pa|imdp paiv km||mpdza Hakeahlmkeimk cmkeimb |apg|dim paiv |afgqkp `mk km||mpdza 0+ Hahlqmp `|mjp paiv |afgqkp `mk km||mpdza 1+ Hakqcdv paiv |afgqkp `mk

Hakqcdv paiv ~ak`ai `mk va`a|bmkm `mcmh lakpqi km||mpdza `akemk cmkeimb |apg|dim tmke lakm|

Paikdi

Lakpqi Dkvp|qhak

Pav pqcdv

Avvmt

Pav pa|pqcdv

Q|mdmk

Fgkpgb Dkvp|qhak

 Mcgimvd  Umipq

 =+ U|dpa < r 0> hakdp vakpakfav lmva` gk pba vdpqmpdgk  edzak+  <+ Fgh~capa pba parp qvdke vqdpmlca ug|`'ug|`v+  6+ U|dpa m parp gj dkzdpmpdgk gk tgq|   jm|auacc ~m|pt+

Vqhla| Lacmom|

+ Lqiq paiv  tmke |acazmk + Fgkpgb paiv jqkevdgkmc + Emhlm| pa|imdp hmpa|d `mk pg~di + Lak`m vaidpm|

0 r 0> hakdp +Lqiq paiv  tmke |acazmk U|dpa m vbg|p + Lqiq fa|dpm km||mpdza parp lmbmvm lmva` gk? Dkee|dv + Pba vpg|t tgq + Emhlm| ( bmza aza|  emhlm| |am`+ pa|imdp fa|dpm + Va|dav gj   ~dfpq|av  edzak+

Igh~apakvd @mvm|

Hmpa|d Iaedmpmk ^ahlacmom|mk ^gigi'^ahlacmom|mk

^akdcmdmk Dk`dimpg|

Paikdi

Lakpqi Dkvp|qhak

Fgkpgb Dkvp|qhak

 Mcgimvd  Umipq

km||mpdza la|`mvm|imk `|mjp  tmke `dlqmp :+ Hahmomke bmvdc pqcdvmk `d `dk`dke

Hakeapmbqd# Ia~mcm VH^ Kaea|d : @m|mke`mk

Eq|q Hmpm ^acmom|mk Lmbmvm Dkee|dv

Fmbtm Mk`|dmkd# V+^`+ KD^? =6= <5: >12

Aim Cqvdmk`mkd Igkfm|m

Vqhla| Lacmom|