TECHNICAL CORRECTION October 2006
PIP STE05121 Anchor Bolt Design Guide
will develop friction even when the column or vertical vessel is in uplift. This downward load can be considered in calculating frictional resistance. Care shall be taken to assure that the the downward load that that produces frictional resistance occurs simultaneously with the shear load. In resisting horizontal loads, the friction resistance attributable to downward force from overturning moment may be used. The frictional resistance can also be used in combination with shear lugs to resist the factored shear load. The frictional r esistance should not be used in combination with the shear resistance of anchors unless a mechanism exists to keep the base plate from slipping before the anchors can resist the load (such as welding the washer to the plate).Example Shear Lug base Verification Note:
8.2
If the PIP design requires welding the washer washer to the base base plate, plate, plain plain STE05121 washers or steel platen(rather Anchor Bolt Design Desig Guide than hardened washers) must be PIP -to Oct 2006 that a good weld can be produced. specified ensure
Calculating Resisting Friction Force The resisting friction force, Vf , may be computed as follows: Vf = P
P
= normal compression force = coefficient of friction
The materials used and the embedment depth of the base plate determine the value of the coefficient of friction. (Refer to Figure F for a pictorial representation.)
9.
a.
= 0.90 for concrete placed against as-rolled steel with the contact plane a full plate thickness below the concrete surface.
b.
= 0.70 for concrete or grout placed against as-rolled steel with the contact plate coincidental with the concrete surface.
c.
= 0.55 for grouted conditions with the contact plane between grout and as-rolled steel above the concrete surface.
Shear Lug Design Normally, friction and the shear shear capacity of the anchors used used in a foundation adequately resist column base shear forces. In some cases, however, the engineer may find the shear force too great and may be required to transfer the excess shear force to the foundation by another means. means. If the total factored shear loads are transmitted transmitted through through shear lugs or friction, the anchor bolts need not be designed for shear. A shear lug (a plate or pipe stub section, welded perpendicularly to the bottom of the base plate) allows allows for complete complete transfer of the force through the shear shear lug, thus taking taking the shear load off of the anchors. The bearing on the shear lug is applied only on the portion of the lug adjacent to the concrete. Therefore, the engineer should disregard the portion of the lug immersed in the top layer of grout and uniformly distribute the bearing load through the remaining height.
Process Industry Practices
Page 19 of 24
TECHNICAL CORRECTION
PIP STE05121 Anchor Bolt Design Guide
October 2006
The shear lug should be designed for the applied shear portion not resisted by friction between the base plate and concrete foundation. Grout must completely surround the lug plate or pipe section and must entirely fill the slot created in the concrete. When using a pipe section, a hole approximately 2 inches in diameter should be drilled through the base plate into the pipe section to allow grout placement and inspection to assure that grout is filling the entire pipe section.
9.1
Calculating Shear Load Applied to Shear Lug The applied shear load, Vapp, used to design the shear lug should be computed as follows: Vapp = Vua - Vf
9.2
Design Procedure for Shear Lug Plate Design of a shear lug plate follows (for an example calculation, see Appendix Example 3, this Practice): a. Calculate the required bearing area for the shear lug: Areq = Vapp / (0.85 *
* fc’)
= 0.65
b. Determine the shear lug dimensions, assuming that bearing occurs only on the portion of the lug below the grout level. Assume a value of W, the lug width, on the basis of the known base plate size to find H, the total height of the lug, including the grout thickness, G: H = (Areq /W) + G
c. Calculate the factored cantilever end moment acting on a unit length of the shear lug: Mu = (Vapp/W) * (G + (H-G)/2)
d. With the value for the moment, the lug thickness can be found. The shear lug should not be thicker than the base plate: t = [(4 * Mu)/(0.9*f ya)]
0.5
e. Design weld between plate section and base plate. f.
Calculate the breakout strength of the shear lug in shear. The method shown as follows is from ACI 349-01, Appendix B, section B.11: Vcb = AVc*4* *[f c’]0.5
where AVc = the projected area of the failure half-truncated pyramid defined by projecting a 45-degree plane from the bearing edges of the shear lug to the free edge. The bearing area of the shear lug shall be excluded from the projected area.
= concrete strength reduction factor = 0.85
Page 20 of 24
Process Industry Practices
PIP STE05121 Anchor Bolt Design Guide
TECHNICAL CORRECTION October 2006
Example 3 - Shear Lug Plate Section Design
PLAN
V = 40 K (ULTIMATE) u
SECTION
Process Industry Practices
Page A-25
PIP STE05121 Anchor Bolt Design Guide
TECHNICAL CORRECTION October 2006
EXAMPLE 3 - Shear Lug Plate Section Design
Design a shear lug plate for a 14-in. square base plate, subject to a factored axial dead load of 22.5 kips, factored live load of 65 kips, and a factored shear load of 40 kips. The base plate and shear lug have f ya = 36 ksi and f c' = 3 ksi. The contact plane between the grout and base plate is assumed to be 1 in. above the concrete. A 2-ft 0-in. square pedestal is assumed. Ductility is not required. Vapp = Vua – Vf = 40 – (0.55)(22.5) = 27.6 kips Bearing area = A req = Vapp / (0.85 φ f c') = 27.6 kips / (0.85*0.65*3 ksi) = 16.67 in.
2
On the basis of base plate size, assume the plate width, W, will be 12 in. Height of plate = H = A req / W + G = 16.67 in. /12 in. + 1 in. = 2.39 in.
Use 3 in.
Ultimate moment = M u = (Vapp / W) * (G + (H – G)/2) = (27.6 kips / 12 in.) * (1 in. + (3 in.-1 in.)/2) = 4.61 k-in. / in. ½
Thickness = t = [(4 * M u)/(φ* f ya)]
= ((4*4.61 kip-in.)/(0.9*36 ksi))
½
= 0.754 in. Use 0.75 in.
This 12-in. x 3-in. x 0.75-in. plate will be sufficient to carry the applied shear load and resulting moment. Design of the weld between the plate section and the base plate is left to the en ineer. Check concrete breakout strength of the shear lug in shear. Distance from shear lug to edge of concrete = (24 - 0.75) / 2 = 11.63 in. AV = 24 * (2+11.63) – (12 * 2) = 303 in. 0.5
Vcb = AVc*4*φ*[f c']
Process Industry Practices
2
= 303 * 4 * 0.85 * [3000]
0.5
= 56400 lb = 56.4 kips > 27.3 kips
OK
Page A-26
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GEOMETRY
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Verification Example
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Shear Lug Verification
STEEL BASE PLATE DESIGN
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Verification Example
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Shear Lug Verification
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Project:
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%$Shear Lug Verification
STEEL BASE PLATE DESIGN
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Project:
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%$Shear Lug Verification
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