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Shape Memor
2.History
&etween *+01 and *+02, at the aal $rdnance aboratory, &uehle
a metallurgist, to cure boredom e3perienced in between pro4ects, woul
e3periment on iron!aluminum alloy. -illiam . &uehler had complete
research on a series of iron!aluminum alloys, for the aal $rdnanc
aboratory aboratory ($) in *+02. At $, &uehler was wor#ing on the in!hous
pro4ect which was to find an appreciate metal that could handle th
heat and turbulence e3perienced by a spacecraft on reentry into th
atmosphere from low space orbit. &uehler5s 4ob on the in!house pro4ec was was to pro proide ide physi physical cal and and mecha mechanic nical al proper property ty data data on e3ist e3ist
metals and alloys for computer!assisted boundary layer calculations
These calculations were to simulate the heating, heating, etc. of a reentry bod
through through the earth5s earth5s atmosphe atmosphere. re. The 4ob of wor#in wor#ing g out calcula calculatio tio
started to become boring and &uehler started to thin# of different allo conditions that may sole the reentry problem. (6auffman, *++')
&uehler &uehler consulted consulted Ma3 7ansen5s 7ansen5s recently recently published published Constitution o
Binary Bin ary All Alloys oys whic which h was the the late latest st te3t te3t aai aaila labl ble e abo about bina bina Master your semester with Scribd Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title constitution diagrams, showing the solid!state phase relationships o & The New York Times Useful Not useful
Cancel anytime. two8 two8co comp mpon onen entt meta metall llic ic allo alloys ys as a func functi tion on of comp compos osit itio ion n an
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temperature. Starting with si3ty intermetallic compound alloys and the
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Seminar Report BRAIN CHIP
Memory Alloy FeMnSi
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Shape Memor
2.History
&etween *+01 and *+02, at the aal $rdnance aboratory, &uehle
a metallurgist, to cure boredom e3perienced in between pro4ects, woul
e3periment on iron!aluminum alloy. -illiam . &uehler had complete
research on a series of iron!aluminum alloys, for the aal $rdnanc
aboratory aboratory ($) in *+02. At $, &uehler was wor#ing on the in!hous
pro4ect which was to find an appreciate metal that could handle th
heat and turbulence e3perienced by a spacecraft on reentry into th
atmosphere from low space orbit. &uehler5s 4ob on the in!house pro4ec was was to pro proide ide physi physical cal and and mecha mechanic nical al proper property ty data data on e3ist e3ist
metals and alloys for computer!assisted boundary layer calculations
These calculations were to simulate the heating, heating, etc. of a reentry bod
through through the earth5s earth5s atmosphe atmosphere. re. The 4ob of wor#in wor#ing g out calcula calculatio tio
started to become boring and &uehler started to thin# of different allo conditions that may sole the reentry problem. (6auffman, *++')
&uehler &uehler consulted consulted Ma3 7ansen5s 7ansen5s recently recently published published Constitution o
Binary Bin ary All Alloys oys whic which h was the the late latest st te3t te3t aai aaila labl ble e abo about bina bina Master your semester with Scribd Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title constitution diagrams, showing the solid!state phase relationships o & The New York Times Useful Not useful
Cancel anytime. two8 two8co comp mpon onen entt meta metall llic ic allo alloys ys as a func functi tion on of comp compos osit itio ion n an
Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
temperature. Starting with si3ty intermetallic compound alloys and the
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Shape Memor
faorable attributes that were needed for the nose cone of spacecraf during orbital reentry. (6auffman, *++')
3.
Accidental Discovery
n *+'*, preparing for meeting to demonstrate the fatigue!resistan
properties of itinol, &uehler, prepared a (.9*9 inch thic#) strip. At room
temperature he bent the strip into an accordion shape, so it could be
pulled out of shape and bounce bac#. &uehler gae the itinol strip t
his assistant to bring to the laboratory management meeting, becaus
he was able to attend. At the laboratory management meeting, th
strip was passed around the members of the meeting, as a prop. Th members members of the meeting pulled and twisted twisted the nic#el8 nic#el8tita titaniu nium m allo
$ne of the Associate Technical Technical /irectors, /r. /aid S. Mu%%ey, who wa
a pipe smo#er, applied heat from his pipe lighter to the compresse strip.
To
eeryone5s
ama%ement,
the
itinol
stretched
longitudinally. The mechanical memory discoery, while not made i
&uehler5s metallurgical laboratory, was the missing piece of the pu%%l
Master your semester with Scribd of the earlier mentioned acoustic damping and Read Free Foron 30unique Days Sign up toother vote this title change & The New York Useful Not useful tend duri during ng temp teTimes mper erat atur ure e ari ariat atio ion. n. The The unat unatte nded ed acti ac tion ons s duri during ng Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
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management meeting made accidental discoery of an ama%ing alloy
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Shape Memor
4. General principles
Shape memory metal alloy can e3ist in two different temperatur dependent
crystal
structures
temperature ) and austenite phase ). Seeral
(phases)
called
martensite
(low
( higher temperature or paren
properties of austenite and martensite are nota
different
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Shape Memor
phase of shape memory alloys, occurs at higher temperatures. Th
shape of the Austenite structure is cubic, the structure shown on th
left side of :igure 1. The un!deformed Martensite phase is the sam
si%e and shape as the cubic Austenite phase on a macroscopic scale, s
that no change in si%e or shape is isible in shape memory alloys unt the Martensite is deformed.
. !"ape #emory $%%ect
The shape memory effect is obsered when the temperatur
of a piece of shape memory alloy is cooled to below the temperature Mf. At this stage the alloy is complete composed of Martensite which can be easily deform After distorting the SMA the original shape can recoered
You're Reading a Preview
simply
by
heating
the
wire
aboe
t
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temperature Af. The heat transferred to the wire is th Download With Free Trial power driing the molecular rearrangement of the all
similar to heat melting ice into water, but the alloy remain solid. The deformed Martensite is now transformed to th
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Shape Memor
The Shape memory effect is currently being implemented in< •
The space shuttle
•
Thermostats
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•
=ascular Stents
•
7ydraulic :ittings Download (for Airplanes) With Free Trial
&. 'seudo(elasticity
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Shape Memor
greater than Af). ;nli#e the shape memory effect, pseudo
elasticity occurs without a change in temperature. The load on
the shape memory alloy is increased until the Austenite become transformed into Martensite simply due to the loading? th
process is shown in :igure 0. The loading is absorbed by th
softer Martensite, but as soon as the loading is decreased the
Martensite begins to transform bac# to Austenite since th
temperature of the wire is still aboe Af, and the wire springs bac#
to
its
original
shape.
Some e3amples of applications in which pseudo!elasticity is use are< •
@yeglass :rames
•
Medical Tools
•
ellular >hone Antennae
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).Alloy *ypes
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and quaternary alloy types hae been discoered that e3hibit shape
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Shape Memor
B
Cold!cadmium
B
ic#el!iron!%inc!aluminium
B
ron!%inc!copper!aluminium
B
opper!aluminium!iron
B
Titanium!niobium!luminium
B
Titanium!niobium
B
;ranium!niobium
B
Dirconium!copper!%inc
B
7afnium!titanium!nic#el
B
ic#el!%irconium!titanium
The original nic#el!titanium alloy has some of the most usefu characteristics in terms of its actie temperature range, cy
performance, recoerable strain energy and relatiely simple therma
processing. i!Ti and other alloys hae two generic properties thermall induced shape recoery and super! or pseudo!elasticity. The lat You're Reading a Preview
means that an SMA in its elastic form can undergo a deformat
Unlock full access with a free trial. appro3imately ten times greater than that of a spring!steel equialent
and full elastic recoery toDownload the original geometry may be e3pected. Thi With Free Trial
may be possible through seeral million cycles. The energy density o the alloy can be used to good effect to ma#e high!force actuators ! modern / brushless electric motor has a mass of 0!*9 times that of Master your semester with Scribd Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title thermally actiated i!Ti alloy, to do the same wor#. & The New York Times Useful Not useful Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
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The super elastic i!Ti alloys are EstressedF by simply wor#ing
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Shape Memor
material high ;SH9.I9!;SH*.09 (;6J9.19!J*.99) per gram for wi
forms *+++ prices). :ortunately, most current applications require onl
small amount of the material. As world production increases (as it ha
done quite dramatically in the *++9s) so prices should decrease. -ires
strip, rod, bar and sheet are all readily aailable and alloy foams sintering powders and sputtering targets of high purity are al produced.
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itinol has phase change while still solid? these phase changes ar
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Shape Memor
must held into position and heated to appro3imately 099 K. &y heatin
the itinol the atoms are realigned into a compact and regular pattern
resulting into a rigid cubic arrangement #nown as the austenite phase
(6auffman, *++I) The parent shape is achieed in the austenite phase The itinol can phase shifted bac# and forth from martensite
austenite for millions of cycles with no brea#down on the composit alloy. (ac#son, *++) The production method of itinol aries, current e3isting techniqu
of producing nic#el!titanium alloys include acuum melting technique such as electron!beam melting, acuum arc melting or acu
induction melting. The itinol is made into cast ingot in a press forge o
rotary forge into in to rods or wire. The wor#ing temperature for itino
is between 99 K and +99 K. The cold wor#ing method for itinol i
You're Readingwire. a Preview similar to the fabrication of titanium To produce wires ranging i
Unlock fullin access with a free trial. si%e from .90mm to *.10mm diameter carbide and diamond die
must be used to produce the wire. A change to the mechanical an Download With Free Trial
physical properties of itinol will occur when the alloy is cold wor#ed (ac#son, *++)
the properties of itinol is comparable to other alloys, it Master yourCeneral semester with Scribd Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title melting point is around *1L9 K to *I*9 K, and its density is aroun & The New York Times Useful Not useful '.0 gGcm. $ther physical Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
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properties due differ from other alloys such a
temperatures with arious compositions of elements include electrica
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Shape Memor
properties translate into many uses for itinol.
Neference Table *
(ac#son, *++) 'H-!IA/ '0'$0*I$! Melting >oint /ensity @lectrical Nesistiity Modulus of @lasticity oefficient of Thermal @3pansion #$HANIA/ '0'$0*I$! ;ltimate Tensile Strength (min. ;TS) Total @longation (min) !HA'$ #$#0- '0'$0*I$! oading >lateau Stress Q IPG strain (min) Shape Memory Strain (ma3) Transformation Temperature (Af )
1I+9K: 9.1IL lbGin I I9 Oohm!in L!' 3 *9 ' psi I. 3 *9 !'GK:
*I*9K '.0 gGcmI ' Oohm!cm 12!L* 3 *9I M>a '.' 3 *9!'GK
*'9 3 *9 I psi *9P
**99 M>a *9P
*0 3 *9I psi
*99 M>a
2.9P *L9K :
2.9P '9K
Table * ! itinol SML+0 -ire >roperties (itinol, 19*9) You're Reading a Preview Unlock full access with a free trial.
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Shape Memor
iTi are similar. Adequate heat treatment parameters are needed to set the shape and properties of the item.
The two way memory training procedure can be made by SM
training or SM training . n SM@ training the specimen is cooled below
Mf and bent the desired shape . t is then heated to a temperatur
aboe Af and allowed freely to ta#e its austenite shape . The procedur is repeated 19 8 I9 times which completes the training . The sam now assumes its programmed shape upon cooling under Mf and t another shape when heated aboe Af.
n SM (stress induced martensite ) training the specime
is bent 4ust aboe Ms to produce the preferred ariants of SM and the
cooled below Mf temperature. ;pon subsequent heating aboe the A You're Reading a Preview
temperature the specimen ta#es its original austenitic shape . Th Unlock full access with a free trial.
procedure is repeated 19!I9 times.
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wire strain and a heat source that heat source can be direct or induce
by electric current. itinol simplicity lends itself to dierse application
in different industries such as medicine, industrial, robotics, and etc the potential is unlimited. 1.1. #edicine
The application of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) or itinol in medicine i
not new? its use in medicine has been around for few decades. Th
present day uses of itinol are for such deices as tension wires on dental orthodontics braces and in cardioascular medicine itinol
being used for heart stints and blood essel catheters. itinol wire i being used to ma#e nearly indestructible frame for eye glasse
because SMA eyeglass frames will bounce bac# to the original shap after being bent. (6auffman, *++I)
You're Reading a Preview
1.1.1 !tents
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The property of thermally induced elastic recoery can be use
to change a small olume to a larger one. An e3ample of a deice usin
this is a stent. A stent, either in con4unction with a dilation balloon o
Master your semester with Scribd simply by self!e3pansion, can dilate or support a bloc#ed conduit in th Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title human oronary artery disease, which is a ma4or of deat & The New Yorkbody. Times useful Useful Not cause Special offer for students: Onlythe $4.99/month. around world,
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is caused by a plaque in!growth deeloping on and
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Shape Memor
1.1.2. 7ena(cava ilters
=ena!caa filters hae a relatiely long record of successful
io application. The filters are constructed from i!Ti wires and are
used in one of the outer heart chambers to trap blood clots, which
might be the cause of a fatality if allowed to trael freely around th
blood circulation system. The specially designed filters trap these sma
clots, preenting them from entering the pulmonary system an causing a pulmonary embolism. The ena!caa filter is introduced in
compact cylindrical form about 1.9!1.0mm in diameter. -hen release it forms an umbrella shape. The construction is designed with a wir
mesh spacing sufficiently small to trap clots. This is an e3ample of th
use of superelastic properties, although there are also some thermall actuated ena caa filters on the mar#et. You're Reading a Preview
1.1.3. Dental and rt"odontic Unlock full access withApplications a free trial.
Download With Free Trial is the use of superelasti Another commercially important application
and thermal shape recoery alloys for orthodontic applicatio
Archwires made of stainless steel hae been employed as a correcti
measure for misaligned teeth for many years. $wing to the limite Master your semester with Scribd Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title ar EstretchF and tensile properties of these wires, considerable forces & The New York Times Useful Not useful applied teeth, which Special offer for students: Onlyto $4.99/month.
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can cause a great deal of discomfort. -hen th
teeth succumb to the correctie forces applied, the stainless steel wir
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Shape Memor
@3ample of how een a badly fractured face can be reconstructed using bone plates
1.1.4. 0o+otic #uscles
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There hae been many attempts made to re!create human anatom
Master your semester with Scribd Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote through mechanical means. The human body howeer, istitle so comple & The New York Times Useful Not useful that it is ery difficult to duplicate een simple functions. Nobotics an Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
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electronics are ma#ing great strides in this field, of particular interes
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reating human motion using SMA wires is a comple3 tas# but
simple e3planation is detailed here. :or e3ample to create a singl
direction of moement (li#e the middle #nuc#le of your fingers) th
setup shown in :igure * could be used. The bias spring shown in th
upper portion of the finger would hold the finger straight, stretching th
SMA wire, then the SMA wire on the bottom portion of the finger can b
heated which will cause it to shorten bending the 4oint downwards (a
in :igure *). The heating ta#es place by running an electric curren through the wire? the timing and magnitude of this current can
controlled through a computer interface used to manipulate the 4oint.
There are still some challenges that must be oercome befor
robotic hands can become more commonplace. The first is generating
the computer software used to control the artificial muscle system You're Reading a Preview
within the robotic limbs. The second is creating large enou Unlock full access with a free trial.
moements to emulate human fle3ibility (i.e. being able to bend the With Free Trial 4oints as far as humans Download can). The third problem is reproducing
speed and accuracy of human refle3es.
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demanding use. itinol will soon be used more in fashion, then 4us underwear support.
/esigners hae been e3perimenting with innoatie materials fo
years. $nce!reolutionary synthetic fabrics such as polyester, Spande3
Core!Te3 and ;ltrasuede are now used in a wide range of apparel and
footwear. Necently, hip, os Angeles!based denim designer Serfontain Jeans started using DuPont's ycra TL99, which is made fr
multicomponent yarns, to create stretch 4eans that donRt lose the
elasticity, thereby irtually eliminating the need for a belt. (@4iofo 199')
Students at MTRs Media ab are also e3perimenting with affordabl
wearable technology using fabrics imbued with arious metals, such a
organ%a, copper, carbonYou're and Reading stainless steel? they hae produce a Preview
conductie clothing that is still soft to the touch. Amanda Parkes, a Unlock full access with a free trial.
MT student, has been studying how itinol, changes shape duri
Download With application Free Trial fluctuations in temperature. -ith the of a small amount o
heat, a itinol!based long!sleee shirt can become short sleeed i seconds, while still being able to reert bac# to its original shape.
Master your semester with Scribd Read Free Foron 30 Days Sign up to life vote this title The automobile has been part of American for more than & The New York Times Useful Not useful century changing little for many of those years. The engines are sti Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
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run on either gasoline or diesel, and there are a do%en of hydrauli
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Shape Memor
to fit their enironment to optimi%e their operating functions. Cenera
Motors engineers hae been deeloping Air dams, which are importan to reducing aerodynamics drag at highway speeds are frequent
damaged by low!speed impacts with par#ing bumpers, ramps, an
snow and ice. An air dam actiated by shape memory alloy can monito
ehicle speed, the use of four!wheel drie and the presences of snow t intuitiely lower or raise the dam to optmi%eI aero drag. These
are
only
few
of
the
future
consumer
produc
deelopments of itinol. Smart memory alloy will be used anywhere an
engineer will find way to ma#e a product better, quic#er, faster, an more reliable.
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Today the assembly line robot uses hydraulic, pneumatics, an
electric actuators and solenoids. Tomorrow5s large robots will probabl
use the same technology, but the small? the microbots will be usin itinol muscle. There will not enough space inside a machine the si of house fly to contain the same mechanical systems as it larg cousins.
:or a new class of soft robotic platforms, deelopment of fle3ible an robust actuators
is quintessential.
Nemar#able resilience,
shap
memory effect, high energy density, and scalability are attributed t nic#el titanium (iTi) ma#ing it an e3cellent actuator candidate
meso!scale applications. The presented fiber is L99m in diameter an 9.0m in length e3hibiting 09P contraction and *11'G#g of ener
density with L9g of force. &y changing the geometry of the spring You're Reading Preview force!displacement characteristics can abe tuned. (Sangbae, 199+) Unlock full access with a free trial.
7arard Microrobotics ab research focuses on design, fabrication With Free Trial control, and analysis ofDownload biologically!inspired microrobots and so
robots. They are gaining e3pertise in microfabrication and microsystem design, combined with insights from arthropods? enable 7ar
Master your Microbotics semester ab to with create Scribd high!performance aerial and ambulato Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title microrobots. Such robotic platforms can be & The New York Times Useful for Not usefuland rescu used search Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. operations, assisted
agriculture,
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enironmental
monitoring,
an
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Shape Memor
system for the robot, so robotic fly can release from its tethers and sti flies straight. (Noss, 199)
Necreating a flyRs efficient moements in a robot roughly the si%e o
the real insect was difficult, howeer, because e3isting manufacturin processes couldnRt be used to ma#e the sturdy, lightweight par
required. The motors, bearings, and 4oints typically used for large!scale
robots wouldnRt wor# for something the si%e of a fly. To fabricate the robotic fly some e3tremely small parts can be made using
processes for creating microelectromechanical systems. ;ltimately, th
7arard Microrobotics ab research team deeloped its own fabricatio process. ;sing laser micromachining, researchers cut thin sheets
carbon fiber into two!dimensional patterns that are accurate to a couple
of micrometers. Sheets of polymer are cut using the same process. & Reading a Preview carefully arranging the You're sheets of carbon fiber and polymer, Unlock full access with a free trial. researchers are able to create functional parts.
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A use for such a tiny robot could the detection of chemicals in the air
Tiny, lightweight sensors need to be integrated as well. hemica sensors could be used, for e3ample, to detect to3ic substances
Master your semester Scribd ha%ardous areas with so that people can appropriate safety gear. -ood and his & The New York Times
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colleagues willuseful also need Useful Not Cancel anytime. Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. deelop software routines for the fly so that it will be able to aoid
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11. 'otential *ec"nolo8y
arrowing down the potential of Smart Memory Alloy (SMA
technology is a difficult endeaor, since beliee that this technolog
will be applied wheneer such material properties are beneficial. Smar
Memory Alloys application can find in many areas of technology, a
long as the designers and their management are willing to loo# outside the bo3. will discuss a possible new ream that hae not found Sm
Memory Alloy (SMA) being used, and that is the area of munition
fu%ing. The area of fu%ing referring to is the fu%es used in the bom
that are deployed from aircraft. urrently, the within fu%es there ar
redounded safety systems the #eep the fu%e from arming, when it i
not appropriate. This system is Reading called the fu%e safing and arming (SA) You're a Preview
The ma4ority of the fu%es Unlock usedfull by thewith ;nited States Air :orce and a access a free trial.
are the :M;!*01AG&, :M;!*I+G/, :M;!*LI@G&, and :M;!*0'. (:u%e Download With Free Trial
19*9) -ith todayRs highly destructie weapons, there must be a hig
degree of assurance that the weapon will not detonate until it ha
reached the target that it is intended to destroy. This assurance i
Master your semester withand Scribd proided by the safing arming deice Read (SA). (:u%ing, 19*9) :u%e Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title & The New Times areYork normally diided into two general classesUmechanical an Useful Not useful Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
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electrical. (:u%ing, 19*9) @ither Mechanical or @lectrical a fu%e must b
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Shape Memor
/epending upon the type of target, the fu%e may be required t
delay the detonation of the bomb after impact for a preset ti
(functioning delay). :unctioning delay may ary from a few millisecond to many hours. •
t should not detonate the bomb if the bomb is accidental
released or if the bomb is 4ettisoned in a safe condition from
aircraft. To proide these qualities, a number of design features ar used. Most features are common to all types of fu%es . 11.1. #ec"anical u9es
n its simplest form, a mechanical fu%e is li#e the hammer and prime
used to fire a rifle or pistol. A mechanical force (in this case, the bom
impacting the target) dries a stri#er into a sensitie detonator. Th
Reading a Preview detonator ignites a train You're of e3plosies, eentually firing the main o
filler charge. A mechanical bomb fu%e complicated than th Unlock full access with ais freemore trial. simple hammer and primer. (:u%ing, 19*9)
Download With Free Trial
11.2. $lectrical u9es
@lectrical fu%es hae many characteristics of mechanical fu%es. The
Master your semester with Scribd differ in fu%e initiation. An electrical impulse is used totitleinitiate Read Free For 30this Days Sign up to vote on & The New York Times Useful Not electrical fu%e rather than the mechanical action ofuseful arming a Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
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rotation. An electrical pulse from the deliery aircraft charge
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begun its separation from the aircraft? howeer, it is still connected
electrically to the aircraftRs bomb arming unit. At this time, the fu% receies an energi%ing charge required for selection of the desir arming and impact times. (:u%ing, 19*9) 11.3. !#A Actuator
n most modern precision bomb fu%es the safing and arming safet deices uses >yrotechnic /eices to loc#, unloc#, and proide
energy to moe interior fu%e parts. The suppliers for the speciali%ed
pyrotechnic deices are dwindling, there are three or four manufacture
left in the ;nited States. &eing such a limited number of manufacturer of these deices, reliability and on time deliery is a consiste
problem. A reliable alternatie needs to be found and deeloped. SM actuators show promise as a replacement for pyrotechnic deice You're Reading a Preview
because of the superior properties that displayed by SMA. A simple SM Unlock full access with a free trial.
actuator can made to wor# in con4unction with other deices to achie Download With Free Trial the desired effect of a pyrotechnic actuator. Neference :igure *.
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Shape Memor
atoms in the wire reposition, becoming more ordered and compact, th
wire shrin#s becoming shorter in length. The action of the shrin#ing
wire pulls the actuator piston in the direction shown in figure *. Th
safing and arming deice is than free moe. The SMA wire can be designed to spin a rotor. Neference :igure *'.
You're Reading a Preview Unlock full access with a free trial.
:igure *' 8 SMA Notor Actuator Download With Free Trial
Another simple deice is to use the SMA wire to ma#e rotor spin. A
current is applied across the -ire, ma#ing heat from the resistance o
the wire. $ne end of the wire is fi3ed connected and the on end i
Master your semester with Scribd Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title the ro connected to the rotor. The SMA wire Read contracts, pulling & The New York Times Useful Not useful connected end of the wire, causing the rotor to spin in a circular path Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.
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The rotor can than align an e3plosie train, arming the fu%e. Neferenc
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e3posed to e3treme cold the function can be negatiely affected. SM
wire must be e3posed to !1*9 K to it will not function. A polytechnic deice can, also, malfunctions from the internal structures such
oids in the polytechnic change or a bro#en bridge wire. Neferenc :igure *.
:igure * 8Reading >olytechnics You're a Preview/eice
Unlock full access with a free trial. actuator deices is pos Neplacing the polytechnic deices with SMA
but more research is needed to achiee the same or superior performa Download With Free Trial
&omb fu%e safing and arming systems in bomb is 4ust a single pos future deelopment of smart memory alloy.
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Useful Not useful Cancel anytime. Aircraft maneuerability depends heaily on the moement of Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. found at the rear or trailing edge of the wings. The efficiency
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pumps and lines is often relatiely difficult and costly to main Many alternaties to the hydraulic systems are being e3plored by aerospace
industry.
Among
the
most
promising
alternaties
pie%oelectric fibers, electrostrictie ceramics, and shape memory alloys The flaps on a wing generally hae the same layout shown on the with a large hydraulic system attached to it at the point of the actu connection. "Smart" wings, which incorporate shape memory alloys,
typically li#e the wing this system is much more compact and efficien that the shape memory wires only require an electric curren moement.
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The shape memory wire is used to manipulate a fle3ible win
surface. The wire on the bottom of the wing is shortened through th
shape memory effect, while the top wire is stretched bending the edg
downwards, the opposite occurs when the wing must be bent upwards
The shape memory effect is induced in the wires simply by heatin
You're Reading a Preview them with an electric current, which is easily supplied through electrica
Unlock full access with a free trial. wiring, eliminating the need for large hydraulic lines. &y remoing the
hydraulic system, aircraftDownload weight, With maintenance costs, and repair tim Free Trial are all reduced.
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adantages of shape memory alloys include<
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actiated implants is fascinating. As far as special properties and goo bio compatibility are concerned, it is eident that iTi has a potentia be a clinical success in seeral applications in future.
There are still some difficulties with shape memory alloys that mus
be oercome before they can lie up to their full potential. These alloy
are still relatiely e3pensie to manufacture and machine compared t
other materials such as steel and aluminum. Most SMARs hae poo fatigue properties? this means that while under the same load
conditions (i.e. twisting, bending, compressing) a steel component ma
surie for more than one hundred times more cycles than an SMA element.
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Seminar Report BRAIN CHIP
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Seminar Report-2011
Shape Memor
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Shape Memory Alloys Uploaded by neon4frndsss
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Development and Comparison
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Seminar Report BRAIN CHIP
Memory Alloy FeMnSi
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Seminar Report-2011
Shape Memor
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