this is a well and equiped discription on smart sensor which include the access to sensors with nano technologhy and uses in every practical field.... hope it will be useful for you allDescripción completa
Sensors are the eyes, ears, and more, of the modern engineered product or system—including the living human organism. This authoritative reference work, part of Momentum Press’s new Sensors …Descripción completa
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Descripción: SENSORES BOOMER ATLAS COPCO
SENSORS IN AUTOMOBILES By
Branch AEIE Purushottam Institute Of Engg. And Tech.
AT T WH A
IS A SENSOR SENSOR ?
A sensor is a device that measures measures a physical quantity quantity and converts conver ts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument. For example, a mercury thermometer converts the measured temperature into expansion and contraction of a liquid which can be read on a calibrated glass tube. A thermocouple converts temperature to an output voltage which can be read by a voltmeter voltmeter..
AUTOMOBILES CONTAIN HUNDREDS OF SENSORS! anti-lock brakes
seatbelts
automatic locks
gas gauge
airbags
oxygen sensors
air conditioner
heater
temperature sensor
car alarm
speedometer
oil pressure
V EHICLE
NA V IGATION IGATION SYSTEM
Cooperation of wireless sensors (e.g. GPS + Accelerometer + Camera
SMART CAR : SPECIAL FEATURES 1. Ther Theree are are so many many people people kill killed ed in the car car
2. 3. 4. 5.
accidents that car accident reports can be found in newspaper nearly every day. A sma smart rt car can alert alert the drive driverr if he becomes becomes drowsy. The comput computer er in the car car will will totally totally elimina eliminate te the cases of getting lost and getting stuck in traffic. The comp computer uter in in the car sends sends out out a radio radio signal that can be detected by a satellit satellite. e. By estab establis lishing hing the the relation relation betw between een the rotation in the steering wheel and the car· car ·s position on a map, the computer can tell us where the car is.
At the heart of each automobile is the engine Modern engines use software loaded in the engine· engine·ss Engine Control Module (ECM) to optimize performance and efficiency
O V ER ER V IE IE W OF THE MITSUBISHI 4G93 ENGINE
The sensors connected to the E CM are: « ai airr flow flow senso sensorr « air intake intake tempera temperature ture sensor sensor « intake-mani intake-manifold fold vacuum or manifold manifold absolute absolute pressure (MAP) sensor « engi engine ne coolant coolant temperature temperature sensor sensor « throt throttle tle posit position ion sensor sensor « oxy oxygen gen se senso nsorr « Hall effect effect cranks crankshaft haft sensor sensor « Hall effect effect camsh camshaft aft sensor sensor
MITSUBISHI ENGINE SENSORS
Throttle Position Sensor « rotary rotary type type senso sensorr ² wipe wiperr blade blade and resist resistanc ancee coil form form a simple simple voltage divider « con contro trols ls the the idle idle speed speed of the the engine engine
The Oxygen Sensor « measu measures res amount amount of of oxygen oxygen that that is left left after after combustio combustion n « airair-fuel fuel ratio ratio is is correct correct when the oxygen oxygen sensor sensor reads reads 0.45V
The Hall Effect Crank Sensor « cal calcul culate ate the the spe speed ed of of the the engin enginee « cal calcul culate ate the the positi position on of each each cyli cylinde nderr
The Hall Effect Camshaft Sensor « cal calcul culate ate the the positi position on of each each cyli cylinde nderr « firin firing g must occur occur a few degrees degrees before before Top Top Dead Center (TDC)
ACTI V E ELECTRICAL PO W ER ER STEERING, AUTOMATED AUTOMA TED PARK ARKING, ING, ACTI V E STEERING
Active electrical power steering « The stee steering ring gear box is is control controlled led by the the electr electronics onics to achieve smoother, more accurate steering
Automated Parking « BMW Park Park-As -Assi sist st uses uses senso sensors rs to detec detectt an empty empty parking and parallel-park parallel-park the car « Commonly-used sensor: Lidar (light detection and ranging technology) ± laser-based range detection
Active Steering « Su Supe perp rpos osit itio ion n steer steerin ing g (BMW (BMW))
INTERSECTION ASSIST ASSISTANT ANT W IT ITH CAR TO CAR COMMUNICATION (USING W LAN) LAN)
Collisions at street intersections can be avoided with
Cornering and Intersection Assistant
Intersection Assistant
« Radar Radar and and laser laser sensors sensors ena enable ble the the monitor monitoring ing of of surroundings of cars « Obst Obstac acles les ar aree iden identi tifi fied ed.. Cars can be braked automatically « Intersection Intersection Assist Assistant ant can be be realized realized with curren currently tly commercially available WLAN. Up to now now,, it is only used in driver assist mode.
STEERING SYSTEMS
Automated parking and disturbance control (e.g., from side wind) will be the next development steps To realize the accident-free vehicle, more nearfield information will be necessary After so-called ³collision avoidance,´ automated driving can be realized The next development steps will need to concentrate on ³camera vision´
AVICS (Advanced Vehicle Information & Communication System)
Telecom Company
Exclusive Line
AVICS Center
Exclusive Line
Data Processing AVICS Center or Internet Sites Connection
NAVI. Control Accident Report E-mail Contents/Information
Content/ Information Providers
Data Collecting Traffic Events / Weather / Travel POI / Stocks / News
DAB/Cellular Wireless MODEM
GPS
Integrated ECU Hands Free
AV/NAVI
Traffic / Weather / Travel Route Guidance / Internet Access /E-MAIL / Car Diagnosis / Navigation Extra Functions
IBRATION V IBRATION
REDUCTION ON O N AUTOMOTI AUTOMOTI V E SH AFTS USING PIEZOCERAMICS
The use of intelligent materials e.g. piezoelectric ceramics seems to be the most promisingly ones for the use in automobile structures.
Piezoelectric devices and active vibration reduction are advantageous in this application field due to their low mass to performance ratio.
