Seminar On Multistoried building Petronas Towers
Submitted to: Ar. rachna
Submitted by: Rajpreet kaur 05/16
Petronas Towers
Petronas Towers
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Location : Kuala Lumpur, malaysia
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Built
: 1992 – 1998
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Cost
: $ 1.6 billons
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MATERIALS
: CONCRETE,STEEL
Facing Materials
: Aluminum, Stainless Steel
Owner
: KLCC Kuala Lumpur City Centre (Holdings)
q q Architecture
: Adamson Associates Architects Cesar Pelli & Associates, Inc. RSP Architects Planners&Engineers
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Location plan
PLANNING CONCEPT
qKLCC is a self-contained, city-within-a-city. qThe integrated mixed-use development provides more than 1.67 million sq. meters of: qcommercial qretail qhotel qresidential qentertainment facilities
qSome 50 acres of the site will be turned into a tropical parkland and the other 50 acres has been slotted for commercial development. The tree-lined Park Boulevard will serve as a transition between the public natural retreat and the private commercial domain. q qThe PETRONAS Twin Towers are located on the northern boundary of the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) and has state-of-the-art communication facilities. The KLCC Project is located at the apex of the MSC and is easily accessible to: q qThe new Kuala Lumpur International Airport q
qGovernment's new administrative centre, Putrajaya q qLight Rail Transit (LRT ) q qPort Klang LRT) q q12 vehicular accesses and 14 bus stops q qKuala Lumpur's inner ring road
About building :
q The PetronasTowers are found in the city of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia q q The towers are located in the middle of the Golden Triangle district, q q with nos. of hi-rise buildings, shopping malls, international businesses and luxury hotels.
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The PetronasTowers , now the tallest buildings on earth, are among the architectural wonders of the world. The story of their construction is one of many challenges, and the resulting design, by Cesar Pelli & Associate, reflects a melding of East and West. The towers reflect the latest technology in making tall buildings, with modern materials such as stainless steel cladding, which makes these spires glisten on the skyline.
Towers contain more than eight million square feet of shopping
and entertainment facilities, underground parking for 4,500 cars, a petroleum museum, a symphony hall, a mosque, and a multimedia conference center.
Each tower's floor plan forms an eight-pointed star, a design
inspired by traditional Malaysian Islamic patterns. The 88-story towers, joined by a flexible sky bridge on the 42nd floor, have been described as two "cosmic pillars" spiraling endlessly towards the heavens.
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Floor plan
Section of towers
Petronas Towers Floor Plan
qTower One houses the PETRONAS headquarter offices.
q Vertical circulation in these tall towers is provided by 29 high
speed double deck lifts and 10 escalators in each tower.
q q Lower floors (Floors seven and eight) are served by two banks of 6-1600/1600 kilogram double-deck elevators .
q q Level eight to nineteen are about 1970 square meters (serviced by elevator group A).
q q Levels forty one and forty two are the sky lobby levels. (serviced by elevator groups C,D,E and the express shuttle).
qLevels twenty eight to thirty four are about 2030 square meters (serviced by elevator group B) q qLevel forty is about 1850 square meters (serviced by the express shuttle elevator). q qLevels forty one and forty two are 1736 square m q
qLevels forty one and forty two are the sky lobby levels. (serviced by elevator groups C,D,E and the express shuttle).
q qLevel forty three is about 1,402 square meters (serviced by elevator group C).
q qLevel forty five is about 1,483 square meters (serviced by elevator group C).
q Level sixty one is 1,286 square meters (this is the transfer floor).
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Level seventy six is about 882 square meters (typical lift bank is E).
q q Level eighty two is 608 square meters (typical lift bank is E). q
q Levels eighty five and eighty six are 358 square meters
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(boardroom shuttle).
qThe Dewan Filharmonik PETRONAS Concert Hall has three levels and an 885 seat capacity q qThe Suriya retail shopping complex inside the towers is six stories tall and includes 140,000 square meters of area. It includes two mega-stores; approximately 250 shops; two food courts, an entertainment center; and a thirteen-screen Cineplex. q qThe Galeri PETRONAS art gallery has about 2,000 square meters of floor space.
Internal view of concert hall
qThe Petrosains Petroleum Discovery Centre in the towers has a area of about 9,280 square meters.
qThe Multimedia conference centre has an area of about 6,000 square meters on three levels. q qThe Malaysian Petroleum Club (MPC) has about 5,000 square meters of floor space. q qThe Underground Parking Garage has about 251,000 square meters and 5,400 parking spaces on five stories.
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Sky bridge
q One of the most dramatic feats in the construction of the
towers was the placement of the two-story skybridge, which was built on the ground and hoisted into place.
The fully assembled bridge was then dismantled and shipped to Kuala Lumpur in 493 pieces (452.64 tonnes).
To facilitate putting it into place, the sky bridge was preassembled into five main components comprising the two legs, two end blocks and the centre section.
Pictures of sky bridge
Centre Section qThe 307 parts of the frame for the centre section of the sky bridge were fully assembled and bolted. The centre section of the sky bridge frame, measuring 41 meters in length, over 5 meters in width and nine meters in height, was assembled at the concourse level qThe centre section's internal floors and roof at level 41, 42 and 43 were constructed in metal decking. qAfter the roof level concrete slab was placed, the whole assembly was painted and the external building maintenance equipment for the legs installed. q
Construction of the Petronas Towers
qThe construction of the Petronas Towers was a model of cooperation and efficiency and in some respects even more spectacular than the final result. q qAfter a year of planning, the construction phase began in March 1993 with the excavation work for the foundation. q qThe originally selected location was moved 60 meters due to the configuration of the bedrock exposed during the excavations.
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qThe excavation for the foundation went 30 meters below the soil surface, with work proceeding only after sunset and more than five hundred dump trucks full of soil being removed from the site each night. q For each of the two towers, more than one hundred foundation
piles were poured next.
q Once the forms were in place, the slabs for the foundation of the two towers were poured in two continuous pours lasting about two and a half days each and using over 13,000 cubic feet of concrete for each of the two slabs.
q On top of these slabs a perimeter wall over a kilometer in total length and 21 meters tall was created to form the shell that would become the five-level underground car park.
Petronas Towers Structure
q The functional structures of the Petronas Towers were designed
by the structural engineers Thornton-Tomasetti,
q q The core structure of each of the towers is composed of a ring of
Concept and structure
qIn a staging of six increments, the columns slope slightly inward as they rise, resulting in the tapered form of the final buildings. q q A significant choice of building materials was made early in the project, and it was decided to use reinforced concrete instead of the structural steel that is more common in other skyscrapers.
qBuilding with concrete than with steel, but also because the cost of importing all the steel would have been prohibitive, whereas the concrete could be obtained locally.
qThe final towers weigh more than twice what they would have had steel been used, but it was additionally felt that the use of concrete would more effectively dampen sway in windy conditions and reduce vibrations within the towers.
q The structural plan liberates additional floor space inside the towers by locating the mechanical services for the towers in two “bustles” that are 43 story tall buildings located immediately adjacent to the towers. q q After completion, the exteriors of the two concrete “soft tubes” were clad in stainless steel and glass with a design that originated in the classic geometric patterns of ancient Islamic art. The foundations for the structures are huge concrete cores and are considered the deepest building foundations in the world.
qThe two 73-meter tall pinnacle structures of the towers were, like the towers, constructed by two different contractors. One of the pinnacles was fabricated in Japan and the other in Korea. Built of structural steel and then disassembled and shipped to Kuala Lumpur, the pinnacles were reassembled and mounted atop the towers in yet another delicate operation that required several months of practice before the final installation. The two pinnacles are clad in brushed stainless steel.
qEach tower used 11,000 tons of reinforcement steel, 2,825,120 cubic feet of high-strength concrete, almost 7,500 tons of structural steel beams and 830,000 square feet of glass windows q qAlthough many foreign firms participated in the construction process, a great deal of the work was done by local Malaysian companies. It is estimated that sixty percent of the materials used in the construction were obtained locally.
material used in building
q All of the concrete and construction timber was Malaysian in origin as were many of the interior finishing materials including qmarble, qceramic tiles, and drywall materials. qMany of the more complex features such as escalators, electrical fixtures and components and furniture were also supplied by Malaysian firms.
