SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH CONTEXTUAL MEANING IN MAHER ZAIN’S SONGS
A THESIS
Submitted to the English Education Department of Tarbiyah and Teaching Science faculty of Syekh Nurjati Cirebon State Institute for Islamic Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of Islamic Scholar Degree in English Education Department
By ZAINIT ISTANARI Reg Number : 1410130078
FACULTY OF TARBIYAH AND TEACHING SCIENCE OF SYEKH NURJATI STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES (IAIN) CIREBON 2014
ABSTRACT Zainit
Istanari
(1410130078)SEMANTIC
ANALYSIS
CONTEXTUAL
OF
MEANING
IN
ENGLISH MAHER
ZAIN’S SONGS. This research is about contextual meaning. Context means a variety of things. Context is how words and their meanings are connected to each other in a written work.Most words have more than one meaning. The meaning of a word is determined through contextual use. The aim of this research are 1) to analysis english contextual meaning and kinds of context within a text and their meaning of context which is used in Maher zain’s songs, 2) o analysis lexical and dimensions of meaning which is used in Maher zain’s songs, 3) to analysis the idiomatics implied in Maher zain’s songs.The writer analyzes song entitled Open your eyes, Hold my hand, Thank You Allah, For the Rest of my life, Insya Allah by Maher Zain. In this research, the writer uses the qualitative research with content analysis as the method of her research. She analyzes the songs by reading them intensively and giving attention by coding the lyrics to each line, then after coding those data analyzed by the researcher by using descriptive analysis to know the final result of the english contextual meaning within a text which implied in lyrics of Maher zain’s songs. The data of this research is taken from five songs of Maher Zain. From the songs, the writer has found Three types of context as contextual meaning, they are Linguistic context, Syntagmatic context and paradigmatic contextt and found the figure of speech as idiomatic which implied in the lyrics of songs, they are metaphore, symbol, personification and simile . The songs has different theme, Open your eyes is a song about God. Each lyrics are invites us to meditation, remind us to our creator of the universe.Hold my Hand is a song discussing about humanity, peace or reconciliation Thank You Allah is about someone who was so far from Allah, but Allah alwaysguide and close to us. For the rest of my life is a song about live between human being and loving because of allah. And the last song Insya Allah is about invite us to introspection of our mistake . These songs discuss about considerably more positive about religious. The findings show that there are the changes of meaning of words. It occurs when the words in different context. So that arise some lexical ambiguity. Lexical ambiguity arises when a single word has more than one meaning. Key words : Analysis, semantic, contextual meaning, song
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AUTOBIOGRAPHY The writer was born in Indramayu, August30th,1992. She belongs to an ordinary family. Her parent areSarnita and Atik Sofiyah.She is the first child of three siblings. Her brother’s name is Restu dwi sofiyana and her young sister’s name is Silan LayuTsammanu. And she live in Sleman street, Gg. Tekel Numb.71 Rt/Rw 12/04 kecamatan Sliyeg kabupaten Indramayu. As regard to the educational background of the writer are: 1. TK Lati Murni (1997 – 1998) 2. SD Negeri Sleman 3 (1998 – 2004) 3. SMP Negeri 1 Jatibarang (2004 – 2007) 4. SMA Negeri 1 Sliyeg (2007 – 2010) 5. IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon (English Education Department of Tarbiyah and Teaching Science Faculty) (2010-2014)
The writer was active in HimpunanMahasiswaJurusan (HMJ) which is known as English Department Students Association (EDSA). In EDSA, she was the member of Interest and talent division. and Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa (UKM) that is Paduan Suara Mahasiswa (PSM). In PSM, she is as general treasurer. In choir group she is as sopran singer. The writer really like a music, her hobby is playing guitar. The writer also is interested inculture and tourism with joining Duta Pariwisata Kota Cirebon in 2012 and became tourism ambasador in 2012 to conserve and show up culture and tourism of cirebon city.
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Dedication
This Thesis dedicates to : 1. My beloved Mother, She always guides and teaches me everything since I was child. My mother as my wonder woman, without you I’m nothing. You never tired to take care of your children whatever the condition and weather outside, Thanks you so much mom. I love you.. 2. For my brother (dd’restu) thank you so much, although the distance separating us, you always prays for me and I always love you. Also my young sister (dakocan) thanks for everything honey. 3. For Mbet bersaudara Evi mala Wijayanti (mbet ori), Nely Istiqomah (KW1) and Yulia Suraningsihc(KW3) thank you so much guys, you all became more than my best friends, supports and help each other. I always Love my Mbet. And also Trisya, Nurun, Dewi kresna, Riyana and Marina thanks very much you all coloring of my life.
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PREFACE In the name of Allah, The most gracious and most merciful. Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb. Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin,praise to Allah due to His protection, power and mercy which are given to the writer. He has given the writer many favors. He has allowed the writer to finish this thesis. It is a great pleasure for the writer. Praise and peace be upon to the messenger of Allah, the prophet Muhammad SAW. May we be in straight way until the end of the world. This thesis is presented to the English Department at Tarbiyah Faculty of state islamic studies Syekh Nurjati Cirebon as partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Strata 1 (S1). The writer also would like to express her gratitude to the following person: 1. Prof. Dr. H. MaksumMuchtar, MA, The Rector of SyekhNurjati State Insitute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) 2. Dr. Saefudin Zuhri, M.Ag, The Dean of Tarbiyah Faculty and Teaching Science State islamic studies of Syekh Nurjati Cirebon 3. Dr. Muslihudin, M. Ag, the Chairman of English Department 4. Sumadi, M.Hum, The Secretary of English Department 5. Dr. Hj. Huriyah Saleh, M.Pd as my first supervisor 6. Nur Antoni, E.T, SS. M.Hum as my second supervisor 7. Dr. Ilman Nafi’a, M.Ag, as the first examiner 8. Farouk Imam Arrasyid, M.Pd as the second examiner 9. All the lecturers of English Department, for teaching and educating precious knowledge and giving wonderful experience. Then, the writer would like to say thanks to her roommate in PDK B90 who always support, guide, remained, understand her. For madam (Winda Aryanti) who always helps, remain me to drink medicine, thanks so much. Formiss Alay (Nurul Amalia) and miss Lebay (Sri Mulyani /Nci chaboy) who always makes something fun. For Anastasia yunifah n yayu mely thanks for everything,and for neng Reni thank you so much. I love you guys, almost 4 years we are together, from do not know each other until knowing deeply each other. Hopefully, Allah SWT always gives us the best thing in our live. viii
For my classmates PBI-B 2010, there were so many moments with you guys especially unforgettable moments. Adventure in cipeuteu and gather in many moments, making rujak party, bullying action when in presentation time, and so many. What a beautiful moments and I will miss it because just with you guys I can be enjoying as myself. For someone who makes me in comfortable zone with his wonderful patient, teaches me about how a beautiful world with differences, you always help and guide me for 6 years until now, we are playing guitar together, perform in one stage, you teaches me all about music. Thanks “H.I” because you make me is more meaningful in this world. The last for all of people who helped me directly and indirectly, sorry I cannot mention one by one, thank you so much. . . The writer realizes that this thesis is imperfect, the writer happily accepts constructive criticism for the readers that make the thesis better. Finally, the writer hopes this thesis will be useful for the writer herself and for those who are interested in study about meaning (semantic). Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Cirebon, july 14th 2014
The writer,
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TABLE OF CONTENT Abstract ......................................................................................................................... i Approval Sheet............................................................................................................. ii Ratification.................................................................................................................. iii Official Note ............................................................................................................... iv Authenticity...................................................................................................................v Autobiography ............................................................................................................ vi Dedication .................................................................................................................. vii Preface....................................................................................................................... viii Table of Content ...........................................................................................................x List of table ............................................................................................................... xiii Appendixes ............................................................................................................... xvi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................1 1.1 The Background Of The Problem ................................................................1 1.2 The Identification Of The Problem ..............................................................3 1.3 The Limitation Of The Problem ...................................................................4 1.4 The Question Of The Research ....................................................................4 1.5 The Aims Of The Research ..........................................................................5 1.6 The Use Of The Research ............................................................................5 1.7 Theoretical Fondation...................................................................................6 1.8 THE METHOD OF THE RESEARCH .....................................................13 1.8.1 The Objective of The Research ...................................................13 1.8.2 The Object and Time of The Reserach ........................................13 1.8.3 The Method of The Reserach .......................................................14 1.8.4 The Source and Types of Data ....................................................15 1.8.5 The Instrument of The Research ..................................................16
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1.8.6 The Technique of Data Collection ...............................................16 1.8.7 The Technique of Data Analysis ..................................................17 1.9 Previous Study ............................................................................................19 CHAPTER II DISCUSSION I The Analysis of English Contextual meaning in Maher Zain’s songs ...................20 2.1 Contextual Meaning ..................................................................................20 2.2 Contextual Analysis of Maher Zain’s songs .............................................21 2.2.1 Context in Semantics and Pragmatics ...............................................21 2.2.1 The Types and functions and contexts in Understanding texts ................................................................................................22 2.3 Contextual Meaning of Maher zain’s songs ..............................................25 CHAPTER III DISCUSSION II The Analysis of Lexical and word meaning in Maher Zain’s songs ......................38 3.1 Lexical ........................................................................................................38 3.1.1 Lexical Semantic ..............................................................................38 3.1.2 The Causal Factors of Lexical Ambiguity .......................................39 3.1.3 Data Coding and analysis of Lexical Ambiguity .............................39 3.2 Word Meaning (Referent) in Maher zain’s songs .....................................57 CHAPTER IV DISCUSSION III The Analysis of Idiomatics in Maher zain’s songs ................................................68 4.1 Idiomatics ..................................................................................................68 4.2 Types of Idiom ..........................................................................................68 4.3 Idiomatics Analysis of Maher Zain’s songs ...............................................70 4.4 The Analysis of Data ..................................................................................74
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CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclussion ................................................................................................79 5.2 Suggestion ..................................................................................................80 REFERENCES APPENDIXES
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THE LIST OF TABLES Page Tabel 2.2
Coding of contextual analysis ......................................................................22
Tabel 3.2.1.1
The word meaning found in song Open your eyes(referent can be an entity, like : a thing, a person,) ....................................................................... 56
Tabel 3.2.1.2
The word meaning found in song Open your eyes (referent can be a psychological power) ....................................................................................... 57
Tabel 3..2.1.3
The word meaning found in song Open your eyes (referent can be a situation or time) ............................................................................................... 57
Tabel 3.2.1.4
The word meaning found in song Open your eyes (referent can be a state) .................................................................................................................... 57
Tabel 3.2.1.5
The word meaning found in song Open your eyes (referent can be an action) ................................................................................................................. 57
Tabel 3.2.1.6
The word meaning found in song Open your eyes (referent can be a process) ............................................................................................................... 58
Tabel 3.2.1.7
The word meaning found in song Open your eyes (referent can be a location ............................................................................................................... 58
Tabel 3.2.2.1
The word meaning found in song Thank you Allah (referent can be an entity, like : a thing, a person) ........................................................................ 58
Tabel 3.2.2.2
The word meaning found in song Thank you Allah (referent can be a psychological power) ....................................................................................... 59
Tabel 3.2.2.3
The word meaning found in song Thank you Allah (referent can be a situation or time) ............................................................................................... 59
Tabel 3.2.2.4
The word meaning found in song Thank you Allah (referent can be a
state) .................................................................................................................... 59 Tabel 3.2.2.5
The word meaning found in song Thank you Allah (referent can be an action) ............................................................................................................ 59
Tabel 3.2.3.1
The word meaning found in Hold my hand song (referent can be an entity, like : a thing, a person) ........................................................................ 60
Tabel 3.2.3.2
The word meaning found in Hold my hand song (referent can be an Event) ..........................................................................................................61
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Tabel 3.2.3.3
The word meaning found in Hold my hand song (referent can be a
situation or time) ............................................................................................... 61 Tabel 3.2.3.4
The word meaning found in Hold my hand song(referent can be a state) .................................................................................................................... 61
Tabel 3.2.3.5
The word meaning found in Hold my hand song (referent can be an action) ................................................................................................................. 61
Tabel 3.2.3.6
The word meaning found in Hold my hand song (referent can be a process) ............................................................................................................... 62
Tabel 3.2.3.7
The word meaning found in Hold my hand song (referent can be a location) .............................................................................................................. 62
Tabel 3.2.4.1
The word meaning found in Insya Allah song (referent can be an
entity, like : a thing, a person) ........................................................................ 62 Tabel 3.2.4.2
The word meaning found in Insya Allah song(referent can be a
psychological power) ....................................................................................... 63 Tabel 3.2.4.3
The word meaning found in Insya Allah song (referent can be a
situation or time) ............................................................................................... 63 Tabel 3.2.4.4
The word meaning found in Insya Allah song (referent can be a
state) .................................................................................................................... 63 Tabel 3.2.4.5
The word meaning found in Insya Allah song (referent can be an
action) ................................................................................................................. 63 Tabel 3.2.4.6
The word meaning found in Insya Allah song (referent can be a
psychological experience) ............................................................................... 64 Tabel 3.2.4.7
The word meaning found in Insya Allah song (referent can be a
location) .............................................................................................................. 64 Tabel 3.2.5.1
The word meaning found in For the Rest of my life song (referent can
be an entity, like : a thing, a person) .............................................................. 64 Tabel 3.2.5.2
The word meaning found in For the Rest of my life song (referent can be a situation or time)................................................................................ 65
Tabel 3.2.5.3
The word meaning found in For the Rest of my life song(referent can be a state) .................................................................................................................. 65
Tabel 3.2.5.4
Regresi The word meaning found in For the Rest of my life song
(referent can be an action) ................................................................................ 65
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Tabel 3.2.5.5
The word meaning found in For the Rest of my life song (referent can
be a process) ....................................................................................................... 66 Tabel 3.2.5.6
The word meaning found in For the Rest of my life song (referent can
be a manner) ...................................................................................................... 66 Tabel 4.3.1
List of figure of speech found in song Open your eyes ................................. 69
Tabel 4.3.2
List of figure of speech found in song Thank you Allah ............................... 70
Tabel 4.3.3
List of figure of speech found in song Hold my hand .................................71
Tabel 4.3.4
List of figure of speech found in song Insya Allah ........................................ 72
Tabel 4.3.5
List of figure of speech found in song For the rest of my life ........................... 73
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LIST OF APPENDIXES
Appendix 1
Script lyric of Open your eyes song
Appendix 2
Script lyric of Thank You Allah song
Appendix 3
Script lyric of Hold My Hand song
Appendix 4
Script lyric of Insya Allah song
Appendix 5
Script lyric of For the Rest of My Life song
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Language and music has connection each other, the capability of producing and enjoying language and music appears in every human society. As we know that through the song people can say anything and they also talk about everything in the lyric. In order to make expressive description about the idea or message in their song, the deep meaning and description of real life in this world are entered in the lyric by composers. The song is an essential part of being human, it‟s a way of creating and arousing social emotions, such as trust, mutual solidarity, intimacy, empathy, of achieving religious. Some topics are relevent to understanding the introduction, theoretical foundation and research methodology of this study, this thesis are talk about the english contextual meaning in maher zain‟s songs toward semantics analysis. There are some topics will describe in this chapter. Firstly the background of the problem, some research question, definition of semantic, pragmatic, lexical, context and song, and the last the research methodology.
1.1 The Background of The Problem We are all necessarily interested in meaning. We wonder about the meaning of a new word. Some words gather bacame phares and sentences that is called as a language, Language is used to express inner thoughts, emotions, and interactions in both spoken and written communication. Spoken means the process of expressing ideas and feelings or giving information is done orally. Writing is the representation of a language in a text, like sign and symbols. It is done in writing activity, such as in short story, article, poem, lyric, etc. Language has functions
to the purposes in which we use language to
communicate. We use language for a variety of formal and informal purposes, and specific grammatical structures and vocabulary are often used with each language function like compare and contrast, persuasion, asking questions, expressing likes and dislikes, cause and effect, summarizing, predicting, agreeing/disagreeing, greeting people. Language is the most fundamental aspects of human‟s life, without language can not communicate properly. Sometimes we are not sure about the message we
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should get from something we read or hear, and we are concerned about getting our own messages across to others. English as the foreign language in our country (Indonesia), becames a compulsory lesson to be learnt by students. As we know that the modern era forced us to survive in highly technical and complex. So that‟s why all the thing in this era need someone who master in english. But the english students of Syekh Nurjati State Institute for islamic Studies Cirebon as the next generation sometimes get the difficulties from something they read or hear with the complex meaning in english language. Meaning involves the relationship among the words in the language, their referents in the real world. Kreidler stated that there are three disciplines are concerned with the systematic study of „meaning‟ in itself: psychology, philosophy and linguistics (Kreidler, 2002:2). Study about meaning need more references and there are three disciplines that concerned with study of meaning. There are many things that we can learn in this world, so does in learning and mastering a language, especially English. As we know that English has many vocabulary and complex meaning that must be remember and understand to create a good communication. Someone who wants to convey their message not only by speech acts or gesture but also through the song. Song is containing from melody, rhythm and tones. Listening some songs are relaxing our mind. As it can be the way to get inspiration, motivation from the inspirative song and also to get a new living experience through the song being listen. Song is to used express someone‟s ideas thought and feeling, through song people can say anything and they also talk about everything in the lyric. In order to make vivid description about the idea or message in their song, Understand the meaning and description of real life
in this world are entered in the lyric by
composers. The research is worth conducted because linguistic meaning has relation in music. music's relation to linguistic meaning often focus on semantics, and on the question
of
how
instrumental
music can
be
meaningful when
it lacks
propositional content. Music is an important aspect of human life and our responses to it may even be highly complex interwoven in our brains, music is a universal form of
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communication that has affected the survival of the species and plays a role in human life, mate attraction and harmony. linguistic and musical meaning must address how close music can come to being semantically meaningful. Human musical abilities are important for the acquisition and the processing of language: infants acquire much information about word and phrase boundaries (possibly even about word meaning) through different types of prosodic cues (i.e. the musical cues of language, such as speech melody, metre, rhythm and timbre). Music is also about emotions and sometimes it‟s hard to keep your emotion back. So you have to transport emotions by singing. Its means that, really important to create the songs which has meaning which meaningful in song, where the song will be giving motivations for a listeners. Music also has related with a language and the Brains as Petel said that Every human infant is born with two distinct sound systems. The first is linguistic and includes the vowels, consonants, and pitch contrasts of the native language. The second is musical and includes the timbres and pitches of the culture's music (Petel, D Anirudh, 2008:9). In petel‟s book, music come close with linguistic, semantics and pragmatics Research of “Semantic analysis of English contextual meaning in Maher Zain’s songs” will describe the study of meaning which is used in Maher zain‟s songs and analyze the lexical and english contextual meaning that meaningful for the readers or the listeners. And also the conceptual meaning each word in lyrics of songs.
1.2 The Identification of The Problem 1.2.1
The field of the research The field of the research in this thesis is semantic analysis. Semantics is the study of meaning in language. Where the meaning is important to understand. This thesis will concentrate on the discussion of analyze the lexical and english contextual meaning in maher zain‟s songs.
1.2.2
The kinds of the problem The kinds of the problem is needed to give clarification about the problem that will be investigated. The writer arranged the kinds of the problem refer to the background above are :
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1) How the English students udesrtand a languages ? 2) How words express different meaning in the same words ? 3) How are elements of language go together to express more complex meanings ? 4) How do languages organize and express meanings ? 5) How sentences became ambiguity ? 6) How words arise the lexical ambiguity in the sentences ?
1.2.3
The main problem The main problem of the research is complicated contextual meaning of text. So, the english students students of Syekh Nurjati State Institute for Islamic Studies Cirebon are difficult to understand the meaning from something they read or hear, especially the message which convey contextually in english language. As the English students need to understand more about meaning.
1.3 The limitation of The Problem In this research, the researcher will limit the study deal with the title, “Semantic Analysis of English Contextual Meaning In Maher Zain’s Songs”. As the English students need to understand about English contextual meaning. Especially, The English students of Syekh Nurjati State Institute for Islamic Studies Cirebon. The framework of the study is semantic. The researcher analyzes the English word by referring the contextual meaning of songs in Islamic songs by using semantic analysis, especially contextual meaning, lexical and idiomatics used in Maher zain‟s songs.
1.4 The Questions of The Research From the background of the problem above, can be identified the research problems as follows : 1) What is the english contextual meaning which is used in Maher zain‟s songs as religious songs which is use english language ? 2) What are the lexical and words meaning which is used in Maher zain‟s songs as religious songs which is use english language?
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3) What are the idiomatics implied in Maher zain‟s songs ?
1.5 The Aims of The Research There are some aims of this research, those are: 1) To analysis english contextual Islamic meaning which is used in Maher zain‟s songs. 2) To analysis lexical and words meaning which is used in Maher zain‟s songs. 3) To analysis the idiomatics implied in Maher zain‟s songs.
1.6 The Use of The Research The writer really hopes that her research has some benefit to the writer herself and the readers in general. The research is expected to be benefit for: 1.6.1
Theoretically Benefit 1) Giving some contributions to the enlargement of semantics to understand the meaning and also can be used for further reference, especially dealing with contextual meaning, lexical and meaning properties. 2) Giving more information about meaning of songs through semantic analysis. especially we are as language student in language department. 3) Helping provide a framework for those interested in exploring musiclanguage relations from a cognitive perspective. 4) Providing the listener with rich information or references about meaning of songs. 5) Increase and shows the meaning which meaningful of Maher zain songs are positive.
1.6.2
Practically 1) The result of the study becomes one of the references in studying of contextual meaning particularly meaningful words. 2) The elaboration of this research will be useful for another researcher to conduct a study for the same topic. 3) This thesis can be used as an additional reference for teaching semantics and translation.
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1.7 Theoretical foundation Understanding meaning is important to be deep analysis, all of the thing in the whole world has meaning. Such as sign, symbol, thing, and etc. We communicate to transfer the meaning what we think by oral or written. But we always found the meaning which has ambiguity. We need more comprehension about meaning through semantic analysis. semantic analysis is figure out the meaning of linguistic input (construct meaning representations). Semantic and pragmatic are same concerned about meaning. Before discussing more about semantics analysis. Firstly it is better to know what semantics is, and what pragmatics is ?, which will be discussed in following point :
1.7.1
The Nature of Semantics Semantics in linguistics term has various definitions. Griffiths defines
semantics is the study of the “toolkit” for meaning: knowledge encoded in the vocabulary of the language and in its patterns for building more elaborate meanings, up to the level of sentence meanings. (Griffiths, 2006:1) and yule defines that semantics is the study of the relationships between linguistics forms and entities in the world, that is, how words literally connect to things. (yule, 1996:4). it means all the thing in the world has meaning, to connect between things and words need semantics to encoded the words. 1) Semantics Fields The concept of semantic fields is that class or group of words divide the semantic field of a word. The words that divide the semantis field of a word are mutually exclusive, which means that every word that belongs to the class or a group has its own meaning which cannot be used to substitute for meaning of the others in the group. Semantic field Walk
A class of mutually – exclusive words 1. Walk : to move forward by putting each foot in turn 2. Stroll : walk quietly and un hurriedly 3. Linger : walk slowly 4. Tiptoe : walk move on tiptoe
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5. Saunter : walk in a leisurely way
Weep
1. Weep : cry, let tears fall from the eyes 2. Cry : Weep, Shed tears. 3. Bawl : cry loudly 4. Snivel : cry from pretended grief, sorrow or fear
1.7.2
The Nature of Pragmatics When we talk about meaning, also we talk about pragmatic. As griffiths
defines that Pragmatics is concerned with the use of these tools in meaningful communication. Pragmatics is about the interaction of semantic knowledge with our knowledge of the world, taking into account contexts of use (Griffiths, 2006:1). Language be able to use to understanding a various work of mind, especially the capacity of holding, gaining , saving the knowledge. Fromkin stated that Pragmatics is concerned with the interpretation of linguistic meaning in context (Fromkin, Rodman et al, 2003:207). Pragmatics is concerned with the study of meaning of communicated by a speaker (or writer) and interpreted by a listener or reader (Yule : 1996 : 3). This study is necessarily involves the interpretation of what people maen in a context and how the context influences what is said. That is why pragmatics called as study of contextual meaning. Other definition that Pragmatics is the study of the relationships between linguistic forms and the users of those forms ( yule : 1996 :4). Language and context are connected, the users need to know about linguistic form to make understand what the language which express to the listeners. The advantage of studying language via pragmatics is that one can talk about people‟s intended meanings, their assumptions, their purposes and goals.
1.7.3
The Nature of Lexical lexeme and also lexical item is the smallest unit in the meaning system of a language that can be distin-guished from other similar units. A lexeme is an abstract unit. It can occur in many different forms in actual spoken or written sentences, and is regarded as the same lexeme even when inflected. For example,
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in English, all inflected forms such as give, gives, given, giving, gave would belong to the one lexeme give. Similarly, such expressions as bury the hatchet, hammer and tongs, give up, and white paper(in the sense of a government document) would each be considered a single lexeme. In a dictionary, each lexeme merits a sep-arate entry or sub entry (Richards, 2002:303).
1.7.3.1 lexical semantics lexical semantics is the subfield of semantics concerned with the meaning of words (Richards, 2002:307). lexicon, namely words, is chosen to give semantic interpretation to the base component of language which consists of phrase structure rules. And according to the Cruse semantic relation needs to be at least systematic, in the sense that it recurs in a number of pairs or sets of related lexical units (it will be recalled that the expression lexical unit is used to refer to a lexical form together with a single dishtinguished sense) (Cruse, 1987:84).
1.7.3.2 Word Meaning As word meanings may change from context to context, some uses are only meaningful in certain contexts, not in others. Almost all of the words of a language have a conceptual meaning. There are words that have more than one conceptual meaning. There are also words that have connotative meaning, social meaning, which is considered to be the most important meaning of a word (adisutrisno, 2008:13).
1) The conceptual meaning The meaning of a word in a language is its referent in the real world. There are several possibilities of referents, such as :
a) The referent can be an entity, like : a thing, a person, or an animal Word
Referent
Sugar
Sweet substance obtained from various plans especially sugar cane to
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sweeten cooking or tea, coffe, etc. House
Building, with rooms, made for a family to live in animate, human, male or female, having been trained in medical science
b) The referent can be a psychological power. Word
Referent
Patience
The power of enduring trouble, suffering, inconvenience, without complaining
Intelligence The piwer of seeing, learning, understanding and knowing tolerance
The power to endure without protest
c) The referent can be an event Word
Referent
Party
An event of gathering of persons, by invitation, for pleasure
Fire
An event of destructive burning
flood
An event of the coming of a great quantity of water in a place that is usually dry.
d) The referent can be a situation or time Word
Referent
Depression Time when bussiness is depressed or inactive Recess
Time when work or bussiness is stopped or slackening
Season
Time suitable or normal for something
e) The referent can be a state Word
Referent
Hot
A state of having a high degree of temperature
Cold
A state of having a low degree of temperature
Sad
A state of being unhappy
f) The referent can be an action Word
Referent
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Kill
An action that causes the death of an animate being
Sing
An action of making musical sounds with the voice.
g) The referent can be a process Word
Referent
Raining
A process of rain falling
Drying
A process of becoming dry
h) The referent can be a psychological experience Word
Referent
Regret
Feel sorry for the loss of
Remember
Call back to mind the memory of
i) The referent can be a manner Word
Referent
Clearly
In a clear manner
Softly
In a soft manner
j) The referent can be a location
1.7.4
Word
Referent
Above
In a position of higher than
Below
In a position of lower than
The Nature of Idiom In most collocations the conceptual meaning of the words that collocate is maintened, the meaning of the idiom cannot be traced from the meaning of the individual words that collocate. An idiom is a group of words with a new meaning which is quite different from the meaning of the words individually. Some English idioms are : Idiom
Meaning
Put up with
Tolerate; endure.
Red herring
Introduce irrelevant matter to distract attention from
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the subject being discussed. Point the town red
Go on a spree and indulge in noisy, rough behaviour.
Live
from
hand
to Spend money as soon as it is earned.
mouth
A person not fitted for the position he occupies.
A square peg in a round hole Adisutrisno, 2008, “These various kinds of word meaning become the store of ideas which is very necessary in language comprehension (reading and listening) and language production (writing and speaking)”. In listening and reading, the various kinds of meaning are used to interpret and reconsruct the meaning which is communicated by the speaker or the writer. In speaker and writing, the various kinds of meaning are organized by syntactic rules and phonological rules in order to by written or spoken.
1.7.5
The Nature of Context In linguistics, context become very importance in disambiguation of meanings as well as in understanding the actual meaning of words. Therefore, understanding the context becomes an important task in the area of applied linguistics, computational linguistics, lexical semantics, cognitive linguistics, as well as in other areas of linguistics as context triggers variation of meaning and supplies valuable information to understand why and how a particular word varies in meaning when used in a piece of text. Everyone is familiar with contexts in language. We understand that there is hyperbole and some meaning in context. There are several senses in which theories of meaning might be classified as contextual (Lyon, 1979:607). Most words have more than one meaning. The meaning of a word is determined through its contextual use; the words in the sentence that surround the word you are trying to define will give you contextual clues to help you define the word‟s meaning. A word is defined within the context of a sentence. You must also pay attention to whether the word is used as a noun, adjective, or adverb
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Lyon stated " Meaning is to be regarded as a complex of contextual relations, and phonetics, grammar, lexicology, and semantics each handles its own components of the complex in its appropriate context" (Firth, 1957:19). Contextualization can be looked at from two points of view. We can think of it as the process whereby the native speaker of a language pro-duces contextually appropriate and internally coherent utterances - a process which, as we have seen, involves a lot more than knowledge of the language-system. We can also think of it as a process which the linguist carries out in his description of particular languages. In so far as the semantic analysis of a particular language is descriptively adequate, For it is as reasonable to say that someone does not know the meaning of a word or an expression on the ground that he cannot con-textualize it as it is to say that he does not know the meaning of a word or expression on the ground that he does not know its truth-conditions. If we accept that this is so we are unlikely to press either the contextual theory of meaning or the truth-conditional theory of meaning too hard. Michael and William stated that Finding out the meaning or sense of an unfamiliar word from the meaning comprehended from the lyrics, the lyrics textual constraints, background knowledge Context may be useful for new words that signify things (i.e., objects, actions, ideas, feelings) we do know, but context will generally be far less useful in helping us learn new words for things we do not know. From all definition the writer makes conclusion that the context is how words and their meanings are connected to each other in a written work. And an utterances produces implication of certain conversation within certain context. A concept about context should be grab connection which only have characteristic of linguistics and should be maintained to analysis of general condition when the language narrated.
1.7.6 The Nature of Song Lyrics Music is a tune which arranged become good pattern. It can satisfaying our ears or to communicate our feeling.
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“Musik berasal dari suara. Suara itu sendiri adalah suatu partikel dari semua elemen yang membentuk dunia ini.” Music comes from a sound. The sound itself is a particle from all element which form this universe (Grimonia, 2014:15). The world which has no a music or sound inside will be considered there is no life. The sound around us is a music. Song is element of music that has lyric. Lyric of song as one of an element structure in a song that can categorized as poetry in literature, music is a voice which organized in specific term and has art values and can used as instrument to express an idea and emotion from composer to the listener. So, between a song with lyrics are relevant in linguistic. Music is a communicative activity which conveys to the listener moods, emotions, thoughts, impressions, or religious, philosophical, sexual, or political concepts. We are linguistic species, we turn to language to expresswhatever we are thinking but sometimes may express thought and feelings that cannot be expressed, at this point by speech. Even though it may take music to bring them out (Sacks, 2007:216). The writer makes conclusion that lyrics of song is part of music and music is the organizing function of the mind, the art of thinking with sounds. Lyrics of song became a media of conveying an ideas from the composer to the listener. As media of conveying a messages, the language which is used in a lyrics must communicative and have positive content.
1.8 The Method of The Research 1.8.1
The Objective of The Research The objective of research is to know the use of english language in undesrtanding english contextual meaning of
Maher zain‟s songs toward
semantics analysis. 1.8.2
The Place and Time of The Research In this research the writer chooses the library, books survey and visits the websites as the place of the research in her research setting to find the educational value in james brown‟s songs. And the writer has visited some libraries such as IAIN Syekh Nurjati Library on Jl perjuangan by pass Cirebon and Public Library 400 on Jl.Brigjen darsono no 11 by pass Cirebon. And why I
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choose this place for my research because, it is more cheapest to get the data without cast out much money than I should visits the bookstores. Through the websites use the bookdownloader is more fastest to get some books what I want without waste my time. Because it is so long when I search the book manually. So, through library research, books survey and visits some websites is more effective for the time. The time of the research was conducted for about 2 month began from 27 march until 27 may 2014. It was conducted by study of document that is lyrics of songs toward semantics analysis.
1.8.3
The Method of The Reserach The method of the research is qualitative research. This method was used becaused it is an appropiate method to investigate language phenomena and meaning in texts such as poetry and song lyrics. In addition, the qualitative method is defined as follows: Qualitative research is research that involves analyzing and interpreting texts and interviews in order to discover meaningful patterns descriptive of a particular phenomenon (Auerbach And Silverstein, 2003:3). There are some characteristic of the qualitative method, namely : a) Qualitative research is descriptive. the gathered data encompasses transcript, interview, photograph, field notes, video, and others notes; b) Qualitative research is Content analysis tends to analyze the data inductively. The inductive process can reveal the fact covered in the data ; c) Theory is developed from the ground, called “grounded theory” this is caused by some reasons. First, there is no priority theory which can cover multiple facts. Second, this research examines what is seen, so that it tends to be neutral. Qualitative content analysis : Content analysis focuses on the characteristics of materials and asks “What meaning is reflected in these?”Content analysis is a research method applied to written or visual materials for the purpose of identifying specified characteristics of the materials. The material analyzed can be textbooks, newspaper, speeches, television programs, advertisements, musical composition, or any of a host of other types o documents, Content analysis is widely used in education(Ary et al, 2010:457).
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Content analysis qualitative method are useful for analyzing data because they provide the procedures to answer questions that cannot be answered exclusively by other methods. Moreover, Content analysis qualitative method is crucial start from conventional qualitative content analysis, directed content analysis, summative content analysis for development, implementation and evaluation of contextual meaning in the song lyrics. In most qualitative studies, data collection and data analysis take place simultaneously. In other words, the inquirer does not wait until all the data are “in” before beginning to interpret them. From the outset of the first interview or observation, the qualitative inquirer is reflecting on the meaning of what he or she has heard and seen, and seeking to confirm or disconfirm those hunches in subsequent interviews or observations. It is a process of inductive data analysis, it proceeds from data to theory or interpretation. As the inquirer reduces and reconstructs the data through the processes of coding and categorization, he or she aims at interpreting the phenomena being observed (Ary at al, 2010:425). Consecquently, Content analysis qualitative method can make an important contribution in this research. Through careful data preparation or organizing, coding, and interpretation, the results of qualitative content analysis can support the development of new theories and models, as well as validating existing theories and providing thick descriptions of particularsettings or phenomena.
1.8.4
The Source and Types of Data In this research, the researcher collects the data in the forms of primary source data and secondary source data. 1) Primary sources include eyewitness accounts published in newspapers, thoughts and feelings recorded in diaries and letters, documented interviews or oral histories, and data collected in the census. 2) Secondary data is the source of the data acquired in which support the researcher‟s idea regarding to the research problems. The secondary data can be taken from the writing study in the form of books, journal, and the other sources that maw given the additional data that support the research. The primary data that the research gets are acquired from documents the lyrics of songs itself the researcher takes from the album “Thank You Allah”.
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This album was released on October 30, 2009. Basically, There are thirteen songs in this album. However, the researcher chooses only five songs in that album. Those songs are “Open Your Eyes, Thank You Allah, Isnya Allah, Hold My hand, and For the Rest of My Life”. While the secondary data that the research takes are from the books that support the theoretical view of the research and some previous studies relating to the research.
1.8.5
The Instrument of The Research The instrument of the research is the researcher herself in analysis of
songs lyrics. And some of data from lyrics of songs that will be analyze toward semantics analysis. Researcher as key instrument, Qualitative researchers collect data themselves through examining documents, observing behavior, or interviewing participants (Creswell, 2009:164)
1.8.6
The Technique of Data Collection The data collection steps include setting the boundaries for the study,
collecting information through unstructured or semistructured observations and interviews, and documents (Creswell, 2009:166). So the researcher choose document in her data collection. 1) Study of Document “Documents consist of public and private records that qualitative researchers obtain about a site or participants in a study, and they can include newspapers, minutes of meetings, personal journals, and letters” (Creswell, 2012 :223). Documents represent a good source for text (word) data for a qualitative study. In this research the researcher used private document to be analyze that is Script of Songs lyrics from Maher Zain. In this research, the writer chooses the library research, book survey and visits the websites as her technique of collecting data about the study of meaning in semantics analysis from Maher Zain‟s song lyrics
and his songs became the
famous songs because of the deep meaning in his songs. And the writer finds and collects the data both primary and secondary data.
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This early involvement in the analysis phase will help to move back and forth between concept development and data collection, and may help direct the subsequent data collection toward sources that are more useful for addressing the research questions There are five steps in Document collecting data in used by writer are : a) Listening to the song b) Reading the script c) Underlining word, phrase, clause, or sentence containing messages which meaningful. d) Rewriting the underlining on the data sheet e) Coding the data f) Draw Conclusions from the Coded Data
1.8.7
The Technique of Data Analysis Technique of analyzing data in ary‟s book, Creswell (2007) stated that describes the data analys is spiral.Once data are collected, they must be organized and managed. The researcher must become engaged with the data through reading and reflecting. Then data must be described, classified, and interpreted. Finally, the researcher represents or visualizes the data. In analyzing data there are some steps. First, organizing and familiarizing, second are coding and reducing, and the third steps are interpreting and representing (Ary et al, 2010:481). a) Organizing and familiarizing The researcher will orginize the data firstly and the researcher should become familiar with the data through reading and rereading notes and transcripts, viewing and reviewing videotapes, and listening repeatedly to audio-tapes. Continue to read and reread the data. As I am thus familiarizing myself with the data, write notes or memos to capture my thoughts as they occur. Notes may be taken in the margins of the transcripts indicating key ideas. Once I have made notes in the margins, review them and make a complete list of the different types of information. This is an essential preliminary step to developing a coding scheme.The major task of organizing the large body of information
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begins after familiarization. Start with creating a complete list of data sources. b) Coding and reducing After familiarizing with the data and organizing them for easy retrieval, the researcher begin the coding gand reducing process. This is the core of qualitative analysis and includes the identification of categories and themes and their refinement. Coding is about developing concepts from the raw data. The first step in coding is referred to as axial coding, open coding, preliminary coding,or provisional coding.The most common approach is to read and reread all the data and sort them by looking for units of meaning words, phrases, sentences, subjects‟ ways of thinking, behavior patterns, and events that seem to appear regularly and that seem important. Labeling or coding of items is done in order to begin to recognize differences and similarities in the data. The initial coding leads to the development of tentative categories. c) Interpreting involves reflecting about the words and acts of the study‟s partici-pants and abstracting important understandings from them. Interpretation is about bringing out the meaning, telling the story, providing an explanation, and developing plausible explanations. In interpreting qualitative data, confirm what the researcher already know is supported by the data. The codes or tags will describe the analysis and the discussion of the problem. The researcher determines the data in some sets of categories ; the english contextual meaning toward semantic analysis.. After grouping the data, the researcher will have clarification data in rating. The researcher rates the data based on the analysis data shown in the categorization of the code. In rating analysis there will be appeared mostly the english contextual meaning and languages organize and express the meaning in lyrics of songs. Then draw conclusions from the Coded Data, identifying relationships between categories, uncovering patterns, and testing categories against the full range of data. This is a critical step in the analysis process.
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In the last analysis the researcher will give descriptive conclusion about the research of “Semantic Analysis of English Contextual Meaning In Maher Zain’s Songs” after analyzing and discussing it.
1.9 Previous Study Actually the writer is not the first who analyzes Meaning of word. But it does not mean that the writer only plagiarizes the previous study. To prove the originality of the research the writer shows the previous studies. First research which is title An analysis of moral value in the songs by steven and coconut treez by zaenal abidin (2010). This thesis are talking about the biography of steven coconut treez. And moral value in the songs. Purpose of moral value in each lyric. The Second research Structural and hermeneutic analysis in song theme of world peace “Heal the world” (Michael Jackson) by Yudi februen Annas (2005) . in this thesis tells about what is the important of peace for the people and world through michael jackson song‟s and michael jackson invites us to join to care this world with love throgh his song. Third research is an Analysis of Phrases in Songs Album “Thank You Allah” by Maher Zain by Isa Marisa (2012) in this thesis discussed about phrases especially noun and adjective phrase and the syntactic analysis of those two phrases. Based on the third previous study above, the writer is interested in doing the same data that is maher zain‟s songs but this research concerning to the use english contextual and lexical meaning in the lyrics of songs. This study is meant to develop the absence of the topic. It is to describe the lexical and contextual meaning of word use in lyrics Maher Zain‟s songs. Because the words has more than one meaning, and sometime arise the lexical ambiguity, so the writer interested to analyzed the context and also in maher zain song has deep meaning about religius. Where the song become inspiring us and so many the meaningful lyrics that gives us motivations through the song.
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CHAPTER II The English Contextual meaning Which is used in maher Zain’s Songs This chapter will describe about the contextual meaning. However, to understand the meaning of language is necessary. Meaning involves linguistic and situational factors where the context of language use is essential. The context happens not only from spoken but also within a text. This contextual use of language is what makes language unique to humans. In this chapter will analyze the contextual meaning with an interpretation in lyrics of religius songs from Maher Zain.
2.1 Contextual Meaning Context means a variety of things. Context is how words and their meanings are connected to each other in a written work. Context can be linguistic, involving the linguistic environment of a language item, as well as situational, involving extra linguistic elements that contribute to the construction of meaning. Most words have more than one meaning. The meaning of a word is determined through its contextual use; the words in the sentence that surround the word you are trying to define will give you contextual clues to help you define the word‟s meaning. A word is defined within the context of a sentence. We must also pay attention to whether the word is used as a noun, adjective, or adverb. Contextual meaning also gives the reader clues to the denotative (literal or specific) and connotative (interpreted or emotional) meanings of words. As we know that meaning consists of two aspects: they are linguistic meaning and speaker meaning. Speaker meaning can be divided into literal meaning and non literal meaning. Metaphor belongs to non literal meaning. The writer concludes that the meaning of metaphor is hidden or implicit. It means what is said or written is not meant as what is said or written is. In my conclusion, meaning has a number of different interpretations since speaker expressing their ideas, minds and feeling. The interpretation have to do in the study of semantics.
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2.2 Contextual Analysis Context is at the heart of pragmatics, and meaning is at the heart of both semantics and pragmatics (Fetzer, 2004:2). In this sub chapter the semantic analysis is more focus on the contextual analysis of song lyrics. In sub chapter above we had analyzed an interpretation contextually in each lyrics. semantics has been described as focussing on an investigation of context-independent meaning on literal meaning or on what is said, and pragmatics focussing on conception of meaning and concentrates on the analyses of what is meant,of utterance meaning and of speaker-intended meaning.
2.2.1 Context in semantics and pragmatics Context in semantics, is generally interpreted as containing two mutually exclusive concepts (Fetzer, 2004:73). there are kind of meaning in semantic that is sentence meaning, propositional meaning, literal meaning or conventional meaning Most people assume that the meaning of nouns derived from verbs can be easily recognized because they have predictable meanings, especially when a verb occurs with the common suffix -er. But the word runner does not always refer to someone who runs. For example, runner may also refer to a long piece of metal on which a sled or sleigh glides, or even to the blade of ice-skates Many languages form new words by adding words together, that is by compounding, as in breakwater, gaspipe, nonsense, gentleman, some people assume that this is what always happens. But some words are the result of shortening, for example, intercomfor intercommunication systemand photof or photograph. Many people also believe that dictionaries are the final authority of all the words of a language. There are, however, some words that never get into a dictionary, for example, short-lived adolescent slang and rapidly evolving technical terms of science. In fact, by the time a dictionary is compiled and published it is almost always at least twenty-five years out of date, especially in the listing of idioms.
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When we think about meaning, it is also important to take into account the contribution of context. In simple terms, we can think about pragmatics as the study of the contribution of context to meaning. Here, Kinds of context in understanding meaning according to Fetzer and Nida:
2.2.2 The types and functions of contexts in understanding texts 1) Linguistic context Context is conceived of as comprising the immediate features of a speech situation in which an expression is uttered, such as time, location, speaker, hearer and preceding discourse (Fetzer, 2004:4). the linguistic context refers to what has been said already in the utterance. For example, if I begin a discussion by referring to Jane Smith and in the next sentence refer to "her" as being an actress, the linguistic context lets me know that the antecedent of "her" (the person "her" refers to) is Jane Smith.
2) Syntagmatic contexts In determining the meanings of words the role of the context is maximized and the role of any focal element is minimized, which means that the context actually provides more distinctiveness of meaning than the term being analyzed (Joos in Nida, 2001:31). Syntagmatic are studies the 'surface structure' of a text.
3) Paradigmatic contexts In many instances, however, it is important to determine the meanings of terms on the basis of contrasts and comparisons with the meanings of related words within the same paradigmatic set (Nida, 2001:35). Paradigmatic context is to identify the various paradigms (or pre-existing sets of signifiers) which underlie the manifest content of texts. List of Code a) Linguistic Contexts b) Syntagmatic Contexts c) Paradigmatic Contexts
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Codes
Data
Means
Linguistic
I was so far from You
You refer to Allah
Contexts
You put in my way
You refer to Allah
Further and further away from
You refer to Allah
You refer to Allah
You refer to Allah
You refer to Allah
You refer to Allah
You refer to Allah, Me refer
You
Ooh Allah, You brought me home
All the things You have given to me
That‟s when you opened the doors for me
By being far from You
You guided me from all the ways that were wrong
to person
Him refer to Allah
You have opened my heart
Open the soul
For the rest of my life
The remainders, the other
put your trust in Him
Syntagmat
ic contexts
(remain a particular state)
I‟ll thank Allah for open my
Open the heart
eyes
That‟s when you opened the doors for me
Open the heart (door of repentant)
I hear the flower‟s kinda crying The plants crying loud
Turn around and see what Go around we‟ve left behind
Heartbreaking crying sounds
Crying of heart/feeling
You guides me from all the Show the best way ways that were wrong
Turn to Allah
Came back to Allah in the best way
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Keep us close to you
Near to Allah (when someone has to be aware of his action
I closed my eyes toward the Cover up (doing an action for sign
open into not to open)
Lost a way long time ago
Go astray (not knowing where we are)
We can save the good spirit of
Saving feeling (good feeling)
me and you
And I ask Allah to bless all we
between you and me To request for something
do
Paradigma
good
Running in your veins
To diffuse, srpead
Take us in the best way
tic contexts
Take (move something or someone from one place to another. „way‟ (place that Allah like, good place)
That‟s when you opened the
doors for me
I wanna thank you for bringing
The door of repentant (after someone doing mistake)
me home
Make become clearly to the right place. Home as a symbol
something
good
place
Did we really turn that blind
Unable to see by heart (an extreme feeling that happen without thought or reason)
Table 2.1. Coding of contextual analysis
A context normally also acts in such a way as to cause a single sense, from those associated with any ambigous word form, to become operative. When a sentence is uttered, it is rarely the utterer‟s intention that it should be interpreted in two or more different ways simultaneously. Hearers are expected to identify specific intended senses for every ambiguous word form that they contain. The process of
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sense selection is extremely complex with many interacting factors. However the hearers selects that combination of lexical readings which lead to the most normal possible utterance in context. In other words, a hearer will generally assume that the producer of an utterance wants to communicate something.
2.3 Contextual Meaning of songs 2.3.1 Open your eyes This song is talked about God. Each lyrics are invites us to meditation, remind us to our creator of the universe. Analysis Look around yourselves Can’t you see this wonder Spreaded infront of you The clouds floating by The skies are clear and blue Planets in the orbits The moon and the sun Such perfect harmony The word „Open‟ in the title above is not the real meaning. According to the context uttered of those data, the real meaning of „open‟ has changed into new different meaning. The common sense of open is to Open something that we can see by our eyes, the title above is giving the command “Open Your Eyes”. Meanwhile in contextual meaning of Maher Zain song title above „Open Your Eyes‟ means to open our eyes and connected with our heart, the eyes from the bottom of heart to look at this universe. Based on the changed of meaning the new meaning of „Open Your Eyes‟ is broader than its real meaning. This song is to remind us, all the thing that God has created for us is perfect. Let’s start question in ourselves Isn’t this proof enough for us Or are we so blind To push it all aside.. No..
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The lyrics above are to make realize that all the thing in the world, it has proof enough for us “How wonder the creation of God is!”. are we so blind the word blind contextually is not the real meaning. Lexically the word Blind means unable to see by eyes. But in the context of maher zain song, the composer means blind is unable to see by heart. We are so far from allah so push it all aside. All the beautiful thing that God has created. We just see only by eyes without connected it with our heart.
*We just have to Open our eyes, our hearts, and minds If we just look bright to see the signs We can’t keep hiding from the truth Those thing are exist in this world, but Why we close ourself from the greatness of God. If we just look bright to see the signs, Contextually “look bright” means look clearly. Lexically “bright” means shining or full of light. “the sign” refer to the greatnesss of God. “We can’t keep hiding from the truth” How arrogant we are ! so we are not accept the truth. But in the song told us that “we can‟t keep hiding from the truth”. We can‟t keep away from the truth in this world. Those are we have feel and enjoy obviously.
Let it take us by surprise Take us in the best way (Allah..) Guide us every single day.. (Allah..) Keep us close to You Until the end of time The lyrics above is about how we hope to Allah, let‟s close to Allah. However we ask everything to Allah to make our life better “Guide us every single day” means no one will help us except Him. Allah is the creator of this universe.
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Look inside yourselves Such a perfect order Hiding in yourselves Running in your veins What about anger love and pain And all the things you’re feeling Can you touch them with your hand? So are they really there? The lyrics “Such a perfect order, Hiding in yourselves” means God Created His Greatness inside our body. It should we have to be thankful. “Running in your veins” the word running usually refer to someone who use their feet to run. Lexically running means an action or sport of running, the movement of feet to be taking turn fastly. But contextually the word running is not refert to feet but refer to our feeling which exist inside us unconsciously. Then Can you touch them with your hand? The word “Them” as personal pronoun usually as substitute “They” but here in the lyrics the word them refer to all the things inside our body such as body organ, blood and all sense that we feel. When a baby’s born So helpless and weak And you’re watching him growing.. So why deny Whats in front of your eyes The biggest miracle of life.. The composer of the song try to remind us, that The biggest miracle of life was in front of us, marked When a baby’s born then the baby was growing up be a mature person. but the people are not realize with all the sign that Allah given to us. Deny even refuse about it. All that happened just because the power of God merely. Allah.. You created everything We belong to You
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Ya Robb we raise our hands Forever we thank You.. Alhamdulillah.. The last lyric that the composer wrote is to remind us to says “Alhamdulillah” to Allah . You created everything the word “You” refer to Allah . in indonesian language or even in english when we want to write pronoun of God, we have to write use the capital letter in front of the lexeme. So, allthough we do not know the sentence or phrase before it certain understand what the context refer to. And once again the lyric in above is remind us giving thanks to God. 2.3.2 Thank You Allah This song is about someone who was so far from Allah, but Allah always guide and close to us. Analysis I was so far from you Yet to me You were always so close I wandered lost in the dark I closed my eyes toward the signs You put in my way I walked everyday further and further away from you In line 2 Yet to me you were always so close. The word “You” refer to the God. That God always so close, even the people to go far from Him. The word “close” lexically as a verb, noun and adjective. But when we see the context above the word “close” as adjective means “near”. And in line 4 the word “close” as a verb because the context is past and became “closed” there is an action. Line 4 the word “sign” refer to the greatness of God. So contextually the lyrics above describe about someone who lost the way in his life. Further away from God.
Ooooo Allah, You brought me home I thank you with every breath I take
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Alkamdulillah, Alkhamdulillah All praises to Allah Allah never leave us, He always guide us “You brought me home” the real context is not bring someone to home. Lexically the word “home” the place where we live, the building which has the door and the windows. But contextually in the lyrics above “brought me home” means bring someone back in the best way.
I never thought about All the things you have given to me I never thanked you once I was too proud to see the truth And prostrate to you Until I took the first step And that's when You opened the doors for me Now Allah, I realized what I was missing By being far from you The lyrics above tells about someone who never realize, never thank to the God, he is too arrogant of himself. But as soon as possible God show him the truth and he prostrate to the greatness of God. In line 8 “You opened the doors for me” contextually means the doors of regretful. Lexically “door” means the things used for closing the room. Then in line 9 “I realized what I was missing” the word missing contextually in the lyric above refer to heart. When someone being far from God. God will be close his heart, so he can not see the truth. But when God opened his heart, he can see all the things the glorious of God.
Alkhamdulllah All praises to Allah Allah, I wanna thank you I wanna thank you for all the things that you've done You've done for me through all my years I've been lost
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You guided me from all the ways that were wrong And did you give me hope O Allah, I wanna thank you I wanna thank you for all the things that you've done You've done for me through all my years I've been lost You guided me from all the ways that were wrong I wanna thank you for bringing me home
The composer of the song try to remind us, without the greatness of God we are nothing. That we are the smallest thing in this world. So let‟s say thank you to Allah. In the last lyric above “bringing me home” the word “home” contextually refer to our soul, our heart. But lexically “home” means the buildings or place where we live with our family. Why the creator of the song use the word home, because home describe the comfort place which full of affection of our parent. When someone lost his soul or heart, he will not comfort and he will lost away.
Alkhamdulillah All praises to Allah Alkhamdulillah In the last lyrics of this song the creator of the song said Alkhamdulillah means all the thing that God has given to us never forget to says thanks to allah.
2.3.3 Hold My Hand This song is describe about humanity, peace or reconciliation. The composer of song try to remind us that we are should keep brotherhood in this world. Eventhough we are different country, religion even ethnic group. Because we are unity. Analysis I hear the flower's kinda crying loud The breeze's sound is sad Oh no...
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Tell me when did we become So cold and empty inside The lyrics above just an illustration “I hear the flower's kinda crying loud” the flower has not feeling but the flower is a symbol to illustrate something beautiful. The word “cry” is reference something which has feeling such as human. But in lyric above “I hear the flower's kinda crying loud” is a connotative. Where lexically “flower” is a part of plant that produces seeds. Contextually “flower” in the lyrics in an substitute to illustrate “children”. Then “The breeze's sound is sad” in line 2 is same as line 1 where the lyrics is not the real context. But substitute something happen. Lexically the word “breeze” means light wind but contextually “breeze” is substitute “parents” where the parent will be sad when their children crying or to be hurt.
Lost a way long time ago Did we really turn that blind We don't see that we keep hurting each other no All we do is just fight The internal thing in our heart has closed. Because there is no love in our love. The word “blind” contextually is describe about someone who blind in their haert, is not their eyes. Hurting each other unconsciously. Do not know that we have make someone who innocent become victim of our wrong action.
Now we share the same bright sun, the same round moon Why don't we share the same love Tell me why not Life is shorter than most have thought In the bridge lyric above the composer of the song is remind us “Now we share the same bright sun” means. That we live in same planet. Where the bright sun we share each other to warm up our planet. And of course the same round moon. So “Why don't we share the same love” the creator of song love the world peace. Let‟s share the same love to other people.
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Hold my hand There are many ways to do it right Hold my hand Turn around and see what we`ve left behind Hold my hand my friend We can save the good spirit of me and you For another chance And let's pray for a beautiful world A beautiful world I share with you This world so beautiful when we deface with the war “Hold my hand” means hold each other. Remind us that we are the brother. When our life filled by love and peaceful. Love will guide the people whose has life in this place to do good thing to sther peuple. It is ahope for makeng live bether . here, love can brighten up the fuhere. Life and love is in one union beings naturaly have the same sense of humanity. There just need to find it out, n after they find it there would not be a cry, hurt or surtow. There is only happines in this beautiful world. Share to other people. The people should be more aware and sensitive of his environment.
Children seem like they've lost their smile On the new blooded playgrounds Oh no... How could we ignore heartbreaking crying sounds And we're still going on Like nobody really cares And we just stopped feeling all the pain because Like it's a daily basic affair As in the first lyrics before “flower’s kinda crying loud”. here, “the children seem lost their smile”. It‟s the same illustration. That the children “heartbreaking crying sounds” there is no body who want the bad condition
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to hurt each other. And only one way that is “stopped feeling all the pain” To make better life.
No matter how far I might be I'm always gonne be your neighbour There's only one small planet where to be So I'm always gonna be your neighbour We cannot hide, we can't deny That we're always gonna be neighbours Your neighbour, my neighbour We're neighbours The writer sure that everyone loves peace of world. The composer of song love peace very much. Throgh this song. The composer inspire us to join together to make the peace of word happen. “hold my hand” contextualy is a conciliation. The spirit of togetherness is needed for today‟s live. However, All of people are should be responsible for the better life and better future. We are neighbours. as maher zain said in the last lyrics of his song. A caring start with in the circle of the family. Society, nations and so on. We should keep our brotherhood together and let the love change everything to be better live to live.
2.3.4 Insya Allah This song invite us to introspection of our mistake and to motivate for the listeners to arise. Analysis Everytime you feel like you cannot go on You feel so lost That your so alone All you is see is night , And darkness all around You feel so helpless ,
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You can't see which way to go Don't despair and never loose hope Cause Allah is always by your side In line 3 “all you see is night” it does‟nt mean that everyday is night. Contextually it just give illustration for the poeple who have made much mistake. “darkness all around” so everything that he see as if all darkness. When the condition is darkness will make someone can‟t see everything like can not see wwhich way to go. But the composer of song motivate us “Don't despair and never loose hope” don‟t give up when the condition doesn‟t side with us, because God always know “Cause Allah is always by your side” means eventhough we made much mistake God is always beside us.
Insha Allah x3 Insya Allah you'll find your way The lyric above “insya Allah” in english “God willing” means if God has desire everything will be happen with his desire. “you will find your way” contextually the lyrics are remind us when we never loose hope to the God, we will find the best way.
Everytime you can make one more mistake You feel you can't repent And that its way too late Your're so confused, wrong decisions you have made Haunt your mind and your heart is full of shame Don't despair and never loose hope Cause Allah is always by your side There is no perfect in this world, The people can make one more mistake everyday. “You feel you can't repent” the proverb said that it‟s better late than never. When we think it‟s too late and when we will start, sometime heart is full of shame. But remember that Allah always receive our repent. If there is will in our heart seriously.
Insha Allah x3
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Insya Allah you'll find your way Insha Allah x3 Insya Allah you'll find your way The human has various problem in his life, happy or sad thing. A vary bend of life must go on. Eventhough we don‟t know where the sad thing will end. But we should keep trust to Allah in best way. Because you will find the way. Allah will show the way to everyone who believe in His certainty.
Turn to Allah He's never far away Put your trust in Him Raise your hands and pray OOO Ya Allah Guide my steps don't let me go astray You're the only one that showed me the way, Showed me the way x2 Insha Allah x3 Insya Allah we'll find the way The lyric “Turn to Allah” means Let‟s come back to Allah, that there will be a miracle behind something happen. Allah will show the best way for everyone. In every single day don‟t forget to pray, ask the good thing for us. And Allah will give us what we need. Allah has good plan for us during we keep our petient and keep our effort and there is no despair in our pray.
2.3.5 For the Rest of My Life This song describe about live between human being and loving because of allah. Analysis I praise Allah for sending me you my love You found me home and sail with me And I`m here with you
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Now let me let you know You`ve opened my heart I was always thinking that love was wrong But everything was changed when you came along And theres a couple words I want to say Love is mercy whiet comes from God , it‟s unproper. whatsoever To complain the love which has mercy to them. Thankfull is good thing of whatever which god gwen to us. Glorious message love of allah to the human.
For the rest of my life I`ll be with you I`ll stay by your side honest and true Till the end of my time I`ll be loving you.loving you For the rest of my life Through days and night I`ll thank Allah for open my eyes Now and forever I…I`ll be there for you In the chorus above, tell us that love is everything when the people has found his love. Everything will be beautiful. The word “rest” is the condition of someone in his life dalam sisa hidupnya, till the end of the time. The word “loving” as adjective means feeling or showing love. So Meaning contextually. the condition of deep feeling “through days and night” means contextually show the period of time forever more and thank to allah because of allah has given the true love.
I know that deep in my heart I feel so blessed when I think of you And I ask Allah to bless all we do You`re my wife and my friend and my strength And I pray we`re together in jannah When a live has colourful with love, they will defend their love seriously. They don‟t abuse about love Itself. when love because of allah
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merely, love will increase the spirit of life. More strong than before. with love will make life more happy and more better.
Now I find myself so strong Everything changed when you came along And theres a couple word I want to say Love is simple, it‟s enough when we feel and put it in the right place in our life. The true love will exist time by time which they build together, but how strong is to defend their love in marriage bond and keep each other, give attention till the end of time.
I know that deep in my heart now that you`re here Infront of me I strongly feel love And I have no doubt And I`m singing loud that I`ll love you eternally The true love will understand everything which can not say by words. Loving because of Allah is how you able to love her because of her attitude not only her physicly. And you will strong enough because your love.
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CHAPTER III The Lexical and Words meaning Which is used in Maher Zain’s Songs
This chapter the researcher analyzes and discusses the data, describe about Lexical and word meaning in religius lyrics of Maher zain‟s songs. As we discussed in chapter before is about understanding the contextual meaning of songs, that a words have other meaning based on the context itself. each words have other meaning, it does not like their meaning ussually. so let‟s we analyze the lexical or word meaning which is used in maher zain‟s songs. The aims is to figure out the meaning of the lexical which is have more than one meaning or causal factor ambiguity of the lexical, and to describe the interpretations which arise in the ambiguous words and sentences in the lyrics of songs.
3.1 Lexical 3.1.1
Lexical semantic Some linguists differentiate meaning into two; lexical meaning and
grammatical meaning (Sumarsono, 2007: 66). Lexical meaning refers to the meaning of single word. It is usually called as semantic meaning or external meaning. Lexical meaning can be found in the dictionary associated with grammar. The meaning of the word may change if it is constructed in the sentence. Grammatical meaning, on the other hand, refers to the meaning of a structure constructing a phrase or a sentence in certain context and we can not find it in the dictionary. In lexical semantics, the minimal unit of investigation is the lexical expression or the word. In the domain of formal semantics, the minimal unit of investigation is the sentence or the proposition (Fetzer, 2004: 74). The meaning of word may change depends on the context of the sentences, it occur as the lexical ambiguity because some words has many meaning. Lexical ambiguity arises when a single word has more than one meaning. This kind of ambiguity may arise in the written form, such as in the articles, in the news titles, lyrics of song and other form of written texts.
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3.1.2 The causal factors of lexical ambiguity 3.1.2.1 Polysemy or multiple meaning Polysemy or multiple meaning occurs when one word has two or more senses. Yule (1996:121) states that relatedness of meaning accompanying identical form technically known as polysemy, which can be defined as one form (written or spoken). Polysemy: when one word has two or more senses e.g: go : - a man goes - a road goes - fish goes - a machine goes 3.1.2.2 Homonymy Homonyms are two different words with the same form (Lyons, 1981: 146). Moreover, Bloomfield (1961: 45) states that homonym refers to the different linguistics forms which have the same phonetic form (and differ, therefore, only as to meaning). Homonyms: words both spelt and pronounced alike. e.g : bank (a river) bank (a financial institution)
3.1.3
Data Coding and Analysis of lexical ambiguity of Maher Zain’s songs The researcher made the classification for the data by coding each songs. It helped the researcher in analyzing and interpreting the data. The data coding of this research was as follows: e.g :
002/LA/OpYE/L20 Guide us every single day
002
: number of data
LA
: lexical ambiguity
OpYE : Open Your Eyes L20
: the lexical in Line 20
Code of songs title : -
OpYE
: Open Your Eyes
-
TYA
: Thank You Allah
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-
HMH
-
IA : Insya Allah
-
FRML
: Hold My Hand
: For the Rest of My Life
Data Analysis of lexical discusses the data and it is also divided into two sections: 1) Data Description 2) Interpretations
The researcher made coding as the explanation above, to know more about the lexical ambiguity the researcher analyzing lexical ambiguity in the lyrics of Maher Zain‟s songs as follows:
3.1.3.1 001/LA/OpYE/L18 Take us in the best way 1) Data description It is the case of homonym. The word „take‟ has more than one meaning which can cause the different interpretations. In the sentence above, and also lexical ambiguity is found in the case of polysemy. The word „way‟ is considered as polysemy since the word „way‟ has some definitions.
2) Interpretation a) There are some meanings of the word “Take” as homonym : The first meaning is “To move something or someone from one place to another” and the second meaning is “The filming of a scene” Take1
Take (Form)
Take2
Move (Meaning)
Take (Form)
Filming (Meaning)
The interpretations which may arise are First interpretation from the word “take” is Move us in the best way. Second interpretation is Filming us in the best way.
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Based on the possible interpretations of the word „toll‟ above, the readers may read the stanza of the song lyric below to get the right interpretation:
We just have to Open our eyes, our hearts, and minds If we just look bright to see the signs We can’t keep hiding from the truth Let it take us by surprise Take us in the best way (Allah..)
From the song lyric above, the readers know that what the writer or song creator intends to talk is the „take‟ refers to move something or someone from one place to another which is taken by word „Allah‟ which represent the creator of the universe. b) As polysemy, there are definitions dealing with the word „way‟: The first is Road, path, to follow in order to reach a place by purpose, the second is Direction to follow in order to reach the place, third is A particular choice, opinion, belief or action, especially for among several possibilities. And the last meaning is Way as a method Based on some definitions dealing with the word „way‟ the sentence may be interpreted into four interpretation : First interpretation the word way can be „Take us in the best road’. Second interpretation the meaning became Take us in the best direction. Then the Third interpretation Take us in the best particular choice, and the last interpretation the meaning became Take us in the best method. Having more than one interpretation makes the readers can not get the exact meaning of the sentence. Besides, the readers may have
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wrong interpretation due to the ambiguous words and sentences. To figure out the exact meaning of the sentence above, the readers should read the whole stanza and relates it with the topic of the song. In the case above, the right interpretation of the sentence is the third interpretation, „way‟ which refers to the particular choice of Allah.
3.1.3.2 002/LA/OpYE/L20 Guide us every single day 1) Data description The word „Guide‟ is considered as lexical ambiguity caused by polysemy. There are some meanings of the word „Guide‟. The readers may have the different interpretations of the sentence due to lexical ambiguity 2) Interpretation As polysemy, the word „Guide‟ has some meanings: a) As a book: A book which is gives you the most important information about a particular subject. b) Help: To show someone how to do something difficult, Something that help you form an opinion or make decision about something else c) Person: A person whose job is showing a place or a particular route to visitors Based on the definitions of the word „letter‟, the readers may interpret the sentence into three interpretation : First interpretation „Give information to us every single day’, then the Second interpretation is „Help us to do something difficult every single day’, the last interpretation is Showing the place every single day.
Having more than one interpretations make the readers or the hearers confused and get misunderstanding. In the case above, the readers may think that what the writer intends to talk about the guide is „information of book‟ or „advisor to help something difficult‟ even „someone whose showing the way to a visitors‟ . To get the right interpretation of the ambiguous words, phrases and
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sentences, the readers have to know the topic of the song and read the whole lyric. Here is the stanza which helps the readers to get the right interpretation: Let it take us by surprise Take us in the best way (Allah..) Guide us every single day.. (Allah..) Keep us close to You Until the end of time From the stanza of the lyric above, the readers may know that what the writer or song creator intends to talk about is the advisor who help someone when there is something difficult. The word „Guide‟ refer to advisor. It represent to Allah as aan advisor to this universe.
3.1.3.3 003/LA/OpYE/L22 Keep us close to you 1) Data description The word „close‟ is considered as lexical ambiguity in the case of homonym. Homonym in a sentence may lead the readers to have more than one interpretation. 2) Interpretation As homonym, the word „close‟ has more than one meaning: a) Cause something, Change from being open to not open b) Near, not far in position or time
close1
Close (Form)
close2
change
Close
Near
(Meaning)
(Form)
(Meaning)
Based on the definitions of the word „close‟ above, the possible interpretations which may occur are:
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First interpretation is Keep us change to you, and the second interpretation is Keep us near to you.
To get the right interpretation of the sentence in the song, the readers have to know the topic of the paragraph and the context of the situation. In this case, the readers may relate the sentence with the topic of the song and read the whole lyric of song. Let it take us by surprise Take us in the best way (Allah..) Guide us every single day.. (Allah..) Keep us close to You Until the end of time From the stanza of the lyric above, the readers may know that what the writer or song creator intends to talk about is near means not far in position or time.
3.1.3.4 004/LA/OpYE/L27 Running in your veins 1) Data description Polysemy is one of the factors of the lexical ambiguity. In the sentence above, lexical ambiguity is found in the case of polysemy. The word „run‟
is considered as polysemy since the word „run‟ has some
definitions. 2) Interpretation As polysemy, there are definitions dealing with the word „run‟: First meaning is Go quickly, the second meaning is To came out or spread. Based on the definitions of the word „letter‟, the readers may interpret the sentence into: a) First interpretation Go quickly in your veins
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b) Second interpretation To spread in your veins
To get the right interpretation of the sentence in the song, the readers have to know the topic of the paragraph and the context of the situation. In this case, the readers may relate the sentence with the topic of the song and read the whole lyric of song.
Keep us close to You Until the end of time Look inside yourselves Such a perfect order Hiding in yourselves Running in your veins From the stanza of the lyric above, the readers may know that what the writer or song creator intends to talk about run means to came out or spread.
3.1.3.5 005/LA/TYA/L2 Yet to me you were always so close 1) Data description The word „close‟ is considered as lexical ambiguity in the case of homonym. Homonym in a sentence may lead the readers to have more than one interpretation. 2) Interpretation As homonym, the word „close‟ has more than one meaning: a) Cause something, Change from being open to not open b) Near, not far in position or time close1
Close (Form)
close2
change
Close
Near
(Meaning)
(Form)
(Meaning)
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Based on the definitions of the word „close‟ above, the possible interpretations which may occur. First interpretation is Yet to me you were always so change, and the second interpretation is Yet to me you were always so near. To get the right interpretation of the sentence in the song, the readers have to know the topic of the paragraph and the context of the situation. In this case, the readers may relate the sentence with the topic of the song and read the whole lyric of song. I was so far from you Yet to me You were always so close I wandered lost in the dark I closed my eyes toward the signs You put in my way I walked everyday further and further away from you From the stanza of the lyric above, the readers may know that what the writer or song creator intends to talk about is near means close to, not far in position or time.
3.1.3.6 006/LA/ TYA /L3 I wandered lost in the dark 1) Data description There is homonym found in the sentence above. The word „lost‟ is considered as homonym since the word „lost‟ has many meanings. The word „lost‟ makes the readers confused and moreover, they will interpret the word in many ways.
2) Interpretation As homonym, the word „lost‟ has more than one meaning: The first meaning from the word „lost‟ is Astray, not knowing where you are and the second meaning is „Gone, missing‟.
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lost1
lost2
Lost
astray
Lost
missing
(Form)
(Meaning)
(Form)
(Meaning)
Based on the definitions of the word „parties‟ above, the possible interpretations which may occur are: a) First interpretation I wandered astray in the dark b) Second interpretation I wandered miss in the dark
To figure out the exact meaning of the sentence above, the readers and hearers should read the whole lyric and relates it with the topic of the song. I was so far from you Yet to me You were always so close I wandered lost in the dark I closed my eyes toward the signs You put in my way I walked everyday further and further away from you In the case above, the right interpretation of the lyric is the first interpretation, „lost‟ which refers to astray or not knowing where you are.
3.1.3.7 007/LA/ TYA /L4 I closed my eyes toward the sign 1) Data description
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The word „close‟ is considered as lexical ambiguity in the case of homonym. Homonym in a sentence may lead the readers to have more than one interpretation. 2) Interpretation As homonym, the word „close‟ has more than one meaning: The first meaning is „To shut or cover up‟ and the second meaning is „Near, not far in position or time‟. close1
Close (Form)
close2
cover up
Close
Near
(Meaning)
(Form)
(Meaning)
Based on the definitions of the word „close‟ above, the possible interpretations which may occur are: a)
First interpretation I cover up my eyes toward the sign
b) Second interpretation I near my eyes toward the sign
To get the right interpretation of the sentence in the song, the readers have to know the topic of the paragraph and the context of the situation. In this case, the readers may relate the sentence with the topic of the song and read the whole lyric of song. I was so far from you Yet to me You were always so close I wandered lost in the dark I closed my eyes toward the signs You put in my way I walked everyday further and further away from you
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From the stanza of the lyric above, the word „close‟ in line 2 is different with the word „close in line 4. the readers may know that what the writer or song creator intends to talk about is cover up or not being open.
3.1.3.8 008/LA/ TYA /L8 Oooo Allah, You brought me home 1) Data description The lyric „ooo Allah, you brought me home‟ is considered as lexical ambiguity. It is shown by the word „home‟ which has more one definition depends on the context. It represents the case of polysemy. 2) Interpretation Considering as polysemy, the word „home‟ has some meanings: The first meaning the word home is „Place where one live‟ the second meaning is „Make became clearly to the right place‟ the third meaning is „Your own country or own area‟ and the last meaning is „Something place of origin‟. Based on some definitions dealing with the word „home‟, the sentence may be interpreted into : a) First interpretation Oooo Allah, You brought me to the place where I live b) Second interpretation Oooo Allah, You brought me to the right place c) Third interpretation Oooo Allah, You brought me to my own country
To get the right interpretation of the sentence in the song, the readers have to know the topic of the paragraph and the context of the situation. In this case, the readers may relate the sentence with the topic of the song and read the whole lyric of song. Ooooo Allah, You brought me home I thank you with every breath I take
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Alkhamdulillah, Alkhamdulillah All praises to Allah In the case above, the right interpretation of the lyric is the second interpretation, „home‟ which refers to the right place that Allah like, means come back to the right place.
3.1.3.9 009/LA/ TYA /L19 And that’s when you opened the doors for me 1) Data description Polysemy is one of the factors of the lexical ambiguity. In the sentence above, lexical ambiguity is found in the case of polysemy. The word „door‟ is considered as polysemy since the word „door‟ has some definitions. 2) Interpretation As polysemy, the word „door‟ has some meanings: a) Thing that close an entrance : house or building b) Repentant or regretful c) The chance Based on some definitions dealing with the word „door‟, the interpretation may occur are : First interpretation „And that’s when you opened the thing entrance for me’ and the Second interpretation „And that’s when you opened the repentant for me’.
To get the right interpretation of the sentence in the song, the readers have to know the topic of the paragraph and the context of the situation. In this case, the readers may relate the sentence with the topic of the song and read the whole lyric of song. Until I took the first step And that's when You opened the doors for me Now Allah, I realized what I was missing By being far from you
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In the case above, the right interpretation of the lyric is the second interpretation, „door‟ which refers to repentant or regretful, means open the repent door for someone who made some mistake but Allah still accept his regret by open the repent..
3.1.3.10 010/LA/ HMH/L6 Lost a way long time ago 1) Data description There is homonym found in the sentence above. The word „lost‟ is considered as homonym since the word „lost‟ has many meanings. The word „lost‟ makes the readers confused and moreover, they will interpret the word in many ways. 2) Interpretation As homonym, the word „lost‟ has more than one meaning: The first meaning may occur is „Astray, not knowing where you are‟ and the second meaning is „Gone, missing‟. lost1
lost2
Lost
astray
Lost
missing
(Form)
(Meaning)
(Form)
(Meaning)
Based on the definitions of the word „lost‟
above, the possible
interpretations which may occur are: a) First interpretation astray a way long time ago b) Second interpretation missing a way long time ago To figure out the exact meaning of the sentence above, the readers and hearers should read the whole lyric and relates it with the topic of the song. Lost a way long time ago Did we really turn that blind
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We don't see that we keep hurting each other no All we do is just fight In the case above, the right interpretation of the lyric is the first interpretation, „lost‟ which refers to astray or not knowing where you are in the wrong way.
3.1.3.11 011/LA/ HMH/L7 Did we really turn that blind 1) Data description The word „blind‟ is considered as lexical ambiguity caused by polysemy. There are some meanings of the word „blind‟. The readers and the hearers may have the different interpretations of the sentence due to lexical ambiguity. 2) Interpretation As polysemy, the word „blind‟ has some meanings: The first meaning may occur from the word „blind‟ is „Unable to see by eyes‟ and the secod meaning is „Unable to see by heart (an extreme feeling that happen without thought or reason)‟. Based on the definitions of the word „blind‟, the readers may interpret the sentence into : a) First interpretation Did we really turn that unable to see by our eyes b) Second interpretation Did we really turn that unable to see by our heart
Having more than one interpretations make the readers confused and get misunderstanding. In the case above, the readers may think that what the writer intends to talk about the word „blind‟ is „unable to see by eyes‟ or „unable to see by heart‟. To get the right interpretation of the ambiguous words, phrases and sentences, the readers have to know the topic of the song and read the whole lyrics. Here is the stanza which helps the readers to get the right interpretation:
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Lost a way long time ago Did we really turn that blind We don't see that we keep hurting each other no All we do is just fight Now we share the same bright sun, the same round moon Why don't we share the same love Tell me why not Life is shorter than most have thought
From the stanza above, the readers may know that what the writer or the song creator intends to talk about is blind which refers to unable to see by heart.
3.1.3.12 012/LA/ HMH/L19 We can save the good spirit of me and you 1) Data description The word „save‟ is considered as homonym, the word „save‟ has many meanings. The word „save‟ makes the readers confused and moreover, they will interpret the word in many ways. 2) Interpretation As homonym, the word „save‟ has some meanings: The first meaning „To economize‟ then the second meaning „To rescue/ make safe‟ and the last meaning may occur from the word „save‟ is „To keep‟. Based on the definitions of the word „save‟, the readers may interpret the sentence into : a)
First interpretation We can economize the good spirit of me and you
b) Second interpretation We can rescue the good spirit of me and you c)
Third interpretation We can keep the good spirit of me and you
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To get the right interpretation of the ambiguous words, phrases and sentences, the readers have to know the topic of the song and read the whole lyrics. Here is the stanza which helps the readers to get the right interpretation: Hold my hand my friend We can save the good spirit of me and you For another chance And let's pray for a beautiful world A beautiful world I share with you From the stanza above, the readers may know that what the writer or the song creator intends to talk about is save which refers to keep something for the future.
3.1.3.13 013/LA/ HMH/L19 We can save the good spirit of me and you 1) Data description The word „spirit‟ is considered as homonym, the word „spirit‟ has many meanings. The word „spirit‟ makes the readers confused and moreover, they will interpret the word in many ways. 2) Interpretation As homonym, the word „spirit‟ has some meanings: The first meaning is „Soul‟ and other meaning may occur from the word „spirit‟ is „Enthusiasm‟. spirit1
spirit (Form)
spirit2
soul
spirit
enthusiasm
(Meaning)
(Form)
(Meaning)
Based on the definitions of the word „spirit‟ interpretations which may occur are: a) First interpretation
above, the possible
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We can save the good soul of me and you b) Second interpretation We can save the good enthusiasm of me and you
To get the right interpretation of the ambiguous words, phrases and sentences, the readers have to know the topic of the song and read the whole lyrics. Here is the stanza which helps the readers to get the right interpretation: Hold my hand my friend We can save the good spirit of me and you For another chance And let's pray for a beautiful world A beautiful world I share with you
From the stanza above, the readers may know that what the writer or the song creator intends to talk about is spirit which refers to enthusiasm feeling.
3.1.3.14 014/LA/ IA/L23 Turn to Allah, He is never far away 1) Data description The word „turn‟ is considered as lexical ambiguity caused by polysemy. There are some meanings of the word „turn‟. The readers and the hearers may have the different interpretations of the sentence due to lexical ambiguity 2) Interpretation As polysemy, the word „turn‟ has some meanings: The first meaning is „Go around or bend (move in a circle round)‟ and other meaning from the word turn is „Change the direction in which you are facing or moving‟. Based on the definitions of the word „turn‟ above, the possible interpretations which may occur are: a) First interpretation
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Go around to Allah, He is never far away b) Second interpretation Change the direction to Allah, He is never far away
To figure out the meaning of the sentence above, the readers and hearers should read the whole lyric and relates it with the topic of the song. I was so far from you Yet to me You were always so close I wandered lost in the dark I closed my eyes toward the signs You put in my way I walked everyday further and further away from you In the case above, the right interpretation of the lyric is the second interpretation, „turn‟ which refers to Change the direction in which you are facing or moving, means come back to Allah, change direction in the best way, the way that Allah like.
3.1.3.15 015/LA/ FRML/L21 And I ask Allah to bless all we do 1) Data description The word „ask‟ is considered as lexical ambiguity caused by polysemy. There are some meanings of the word „ask‟. The readers and the hearers may have the different interpretations of the sentence due to lexical ambiguity 2) Interpretation As polysemy, the word „ask‟ has some meanings: The first meaning is „To question‟ and other meaning from the word „ask‟ is „To request, ask for‟. Based on the definitions of the word „ask‟ interpretations which may occur are: a) First interpretation
above, the possible
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And I question to Allah to bless all we do b) Second interpretation And I request to Allah to bless all we do
To figure out the meaning of the sentence above, the readers and hearers should read the whole lyric and relates it with the topic of the song. I know that deep in my heart I feel so blessed when I think of you And I ask Allah to bless all we do You`re my wife and my friend and my strength And I pray we`re together in jannah The right interpretation of the lyric is the second interpretation, „ask‟ which refers to request, ask for.
3.2 Word meaning (Referent) Word meanings are context sensitive. In any lexical semantics, it is important to spell out how different word meanings may be disambiguated. We start by dealing with homonymy, when the meanings of a homonym (e.g., „run‟) can be disambiguated by their typings in the type-theoretical semantics. As word meanings may change from context to context, some uses are only meaningful in certain contexts, not in others. Since subtyping relations are crucial in representing such informal contexts, we should extend the formal notion of context (in type theory and other logical systems) to incorporate the assump-tion of subtyping relations. We formally introduce coercion contexts and show how they may be used in contextual analysis.
3.2.1 Open Your Eyes a) The referent can be an entity, like : a thing, a person, or an animal Word
Referent
Cloud
Visible water vapour floating in the sky
Sky
The space above the earth, where we see clouds, the sun, moon and stars.
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Planet
A large round object in space that moves around a star.
Moon
The round object that moves round the earth and shines at night.
Sun
Shining star around which the earth moves
Eyes
Particular way of seeing, the two organs of sight
Heart
The organ that pumps blood around the body
Mind
Part of a person‟s brain where their thoughts are
Hand
Part of the human arm below the wrist
Baby
A human very young child
Table 3.2.1.1 . the word meaning found in song Open your eyes
b) The referent can be a psychological power. Word
Referent
Helpless
The power of having unpower, unuseful
Weak
The power of not physically strong
Table 3.2.1.2 . the word meaning found in song Open your eyes
c)
The referent can be a situation or time Word
Referent
Forever
Time very long time
When
The time on what occasion.
Table 3.2.1 3. the word meaning found in song Open your eyes
d) The referent can be a state Word
Referent
Anger
A state of feeling that makes people want to quarrel or fight.
Love
A state of having strong feeling of deep affection for
Pain
A state of feeling of suffering that you have in your body when you are hurt or ill
Truth
A state of having true facts or being based on fact
Table 3.2.1.4 . the word meaning found in song Open your eyes
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e)
The referent can be an action Word
Referent
Look
An action that turn the eyes in a particular direction
See
An action that use the power of sight
Start
An action that begin doing something.
Open
An action that move so that it is no longer closed and referent in the context of song is an action that we should see the truth.
Keep
An action that remain in a state or position
Let‟s
An action that invite someone doing something
Push
An action that act of pusshing something
Take
An action that carry something or cause to go one place to another
Guide
An action that shows the way or the place (show the truthfulness)
Run
“running in your veins” run means to spread of in our body (there is no legs to moving)
Touch
An action that put the hands or finger onto
Watch
An action that look at carefully for a period of time
Grow
An action that increase in size, number, strength or quality
Create
An action that make something happen or exist
Raise
An action that lift or move something to a higher level
Table 3.2.1.5 . the word meaning found in song Open your eyes
f)
The referent can be a process Word
Referent
Watching
A process of look at carefully for a period of time
Growing
A process of increase in size, number, strength or quality
Hiding
A process of being hidden.
Table 3.2.1.6 . the word meaning found in song Open your eyes
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g) The referent can be a location Word
Referent
Around
In a position of surounding
In front of In a position of in front than Table 3.2.1.7 . the word meaning found in song Open your eyes
3.2.2 Thank You Allah a)
The referent can be an entity, like : a thing, a person, or an animal word
Referent
Eyes
Particular way of seeing, the two organs of sight
Sign
The thing that shows something exist
Way
Referent is not the road but the best particular choice of Allah
Home
Is not building but referent of Home is the right place that Allah like
Table 3.2.2.1 . the word meaning found in song Thank you Allah
b) The referent can be a psychological power. Word
Referent
Realize
The power of understand or became aware
Hope
The power of desire and expextation that something good will happen.
Table 3.2.2.2 the word meaning found in song Thank you Allah
c)
The referent can be a situation or time Word
Referent
Far
Time when great distance
Everyday
Time when daily
Further
Time when more far
Never
Time when not on any time
Table 3.2.2.3 the word meaning found in song Thank you Allah
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d) The referent can be a state Word
Referent
Truth
A state of having true facts or being based on fact
Wrong
A state of having uncorrect
Table 3.2.2.4 the word meaning found in song Thank you Allah
e)
The referent can be an action Word
Referent
Wander
An action of walk around place with no special purpose
Close
An action of come to an end
Put
An action of move something into particular place or position
Walk
An action of move or go somewhere by putting feet
Bring
An action of come to a place with something
Thank
An action of tell something that you are grateful for
Take
An action of carry something from one place to another
Praise
An action of express your approval or admiration
Think
An action of having particular idea or opinion
Give
An action of allow someone to have
See
An action of having power of sight
Open
An action of make or became open
Guide
An action of shows the way or the place
Table 3.2.2.5 the word meaning found in song Thank you Allah
3.2.3 Hold My Hand a)
The referent can be an entity, like : a thing, a person, or an animal Word
Referent
Flower
Part of a plant that produces seeds
Breezze
Light gentle wind
Way
Method, style or manner of doing something.
Sun
Shining star around which the earth moves
Moon
The round object that moves round the earth and shines
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at night. Hand
Part of the human arm below the wrist
Friend
Person whom one likes but who is not related, helper, suporter.
World
The earth, the universe, particuar part of living place.
Children
Young human being, son or daughter
Playground Ground for children to play on Neighbour
Someone who lives next door, or near home.
Planet
A large round object in space that moves around a star.
Table 3.2.3.1 the word meaning found in Hold my hand song
b) The referent can be an event Word
Referent
Affair
An event of something to be done, set of events
Table 3.2.3.2 the word meaning found in Hold my hand song
c)
The referent can be a situation or time Word
Referent
When
The time on what occasion.
Time ago
Time in a past time.
Lost
Situation of unable to find
Table 3.2.3.3 the word meaning found in Hold my hand song
d) The referent can be a state Word
Referent
Sad
A state of being unhappy
Cold
A state of having a low degree of temperature
Empty
A state of containing nothing
Hurt
A state of cause pain or damage, feel pain.
Love
A state of great fondness for someone
Right
A state of having correct
Table 3.2.3.4 the word meaning found in Hold my hand song
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e)
The referent can be an action Word
Referent
Hear
An action that receive (sounds) with the ears.
Tell
An action that make something known to someone in words.
Do
An action that work at or produce or doing the activity
Turn
An action that move around a central point
See
An action of having power of sight
Keep
An action that continue to have, not lose or give back
Fight
An action that struggle, argue, use violence.
Share
An action of giving something to other person.
Hold
Keep in the hands, keep in particular position
Save
An action of making safe from danger or destruction
Pray
An action that speak to God, often silently, often asking for something
Cares
Worry, anxiety, protection or serious attention
Stop
An action that no longer be moving or operating.
Table 3.2.3.5 the word meaning found in Hold my hand song
f)
The referent can be a process Word
Referent
Hurting
A process of cause pain or damage, feel pain.
Table 3.2.3.6 the word meaning found in Hold my hand song
g) The referent can be a location Word
Referent
Round
In a position of circular movement
Around
In a position of surounding in various places
Behind
In a position of at or to the back of
Table 3.2.3.7 the word meaning found in Hold my hand song
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3.2.4 Insya Allah a)
The referent can be an entity, like : a thing, a person, or an animal Word
Referent
Way
Road to follow in order to reach a place or Method, style or manner of doing something.
Mind
Person‟s (way of) thingking or feeling
Heart
The organ that pumps blood around the body
Table 3.2.4.1 the word meaning found in Insya Allah song
b) The referent can be a psychological power. Word
Referent
Hope
An expectation that something good will happen
Table 3.2.4.2 . the word meaning found in Insya Allah song
c)
The referent can be a situation or time Word
Referent
Everytime
Time in daily
Lost
Situation of unable to find
Alone
Situation without others
Never
Time when not on any time
Far away
In a distant
Table 3.2.4.3 the word meaning found in Insya Allah song
d) The referent can be a state Word
Referent
Feel
A state of having sensation caused by touching
Dark
A state of without much light towards black
Confuse
A state of being mixed up in the mind
Wrong
A state of having uncorrects
Shame
A state of being painful feeling caused by knowledge of guilt, inability or failure
Table 3.2.4.4 the word meaning found in Insya Allah song
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e)
The referent can be an action Word
Referent
See
An action of having power of sight
Make
An action of
Late
An action that after the usual time.
Turn
An action that move around a central point
Put
An action of move something into particular place or position
Trust
An action that belief in the honesty, goodness, worth of someone or something
Raise
An action that make higher in amount, size.
Pray
An action that speak to God, often silently, often asking for something
Guide
An action of shows the way or the place
Let
An action that allow to do or happen
Show
An action that allow or cause to be seen
Table 3.2.4.5 the word meaning found in Insya Allah song
f)
The referent can be a psychological experience Word
Referent
Despair
Lose all hope
Repent
Be sorry for wrong doing
Table 3.2.4.6 the word meaning found in Insya Allah song g) The referent can be a location Word
Referent
Around
In a position of surounding in various places
Table 3.2.4.7 the word meaning found in Insya Allah song
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3.2.5 For the Rest of My Life a)
The referent can be an entity, like : a thing, a person, or an animal word
Referent
Home
Is not building but referent of Home is the right place that Allah like
Heart
The organ that pumps blood around the body
Eyes
Particular way of seeing, the two organs of sight
Wife
A woman to whom a man is married
Friend
Person whom one likes but who is not related, helper, suporter.
Table 3.2.5.1 the word meaning found in For the Rest of my life song
b) The referent can be a situation or time Word
Referent
Rest
Period of freedom from action or something
The end
Period where something stops or finishes
Forever
For all future time, continually.
Eternally
Time of Lasting forever
Table 3.2.5.2 the word meaning found in For the Rest of my life song
c)
The referent can be a state Word
Referent
Love
A state of great fondness for someone
Wrong
A state of having uncorrect
Honest
A state of having not likely to lie or cheat
True
A state of having in accordance with fact or reality
Strength
A state of being strong, way in which something is good or effective
Strong
A state of having great powerful effect on the mind or senses.
Table 3.2.5.3 the word meaning found in For the Rest of my life song
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d) The referent can be an action Word
Referent
Praise
An action of expressing admiration, speak of with worship
Found
An action of get something lost or not known by searching
Sail
An action that begin a trip at sea
Let
An action that allow to do or happen
Open
An action that move so that it is no longer closed
Came
An action that move towards the speaker, arrive.
Thank
An action of tell something that you are grateful for
Think
An action of making opinion
Pray
An action of making wish in a good request
Send
An action of cause to go or be taken
Table 3.2.5.4 the word meaning found in For the Rest of my life song
e)
The referent can be a process Word
Referent
Sending
A process of send such as a thing or letter.
Thinking
A process of using the mind to make judgments
Loving
A process of love someone
Singing
A process of express something with words by perfect tone
Table 3.2.5.5 the word meaning found in For the Rest of my life song
f)
The referent can be a manner Word
Referent
Strongly
In a strong manner
Table 3.2.5.6 the word meaning found in For the Rest of my life song
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CHAPTER IV The Idiomatics in Maher Zain’s Songs This chapter will describe about idiomatics in religius lyrics of Maher zain’s songs. Semantic is the study about meaning. There are so many meaning each word, phrase and sentence that we can not translate or understand literally, because the lyrics of songs are much used poetic meaning, that the meaning of phrase or sentence are not used the real meaning. Other hand we have to know first the context that the composer made in his lyrics. As we discussed in chapter before is about understanding the contextual meaning and lexical (word meaning) of songs, so let’s we analyze the idiomatics which is used in maher zain’s songs.
4.1 Idiomatics Idiomatic or idiom is a word which has figurative meaning. Lou defines that idiom is a group of words with a special meaning , which can not be understood by taking the meanings of the words one at time Lou ( 2007:1). Other definition according to Gear. J and Gear. R (2002: 83 ) states that an idiom is a group of words that together have different meaning from the individual words. Remember that, the meaning of idiom cannot figured out by putting together the meaning of the individual word. instead, the group of words as a whole has a special meaning which need to learn. There are also idiom from the same semantic field which resist develoving a secondary meaning. Idiom is very important for us in mastering English. With idiom we can create lyric of song more beautiful. Meantime, Idiom is also useful to make colorful of conversation.
4.2 Types of Idiom Hocket ( 1958 : 310 -318 ) said that idiom can be devided into five types, they are: 4.2.1
Proper Names
Proper names are names of people, place or these thing that are ” one and only”. There are certain recurrent idioms creating events called naming. In sentence, Wasington D.C. is the capital of the country. This statement contains a proper noun that is the name of thing and creates an idiom undirectly.
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4.2.2
English Phrasal Compounds English phrasal compound is two or more words put together to create a
single, complex idea. In this study, the writer gives explanation about phrasal verb and compound verb. The truth, phrasal verbs are compound verb ( more than one word ) the result from combining a verb with adverb. The resulting compound verb is idiomatic ( the meaning can’t be derived from dictionary of it’s part ).In sentance, I take back my comment on the discussion. Take as a verb and back the adverb. Their meaning is a idiomatic and their is no logical pattern of formula for learning them.
4.2.3
Figure of Speech Figure of speech is expressing that uses creative comparison of some sort in
order to convey special meaning. For example, his head is hard like stone, so many people hit him. The morphem is “Stone” the means is a man who would not another advice and hard stone. But this sentence just wants to compare the behaviour and stone. Some figure of speech includes, Hyperbole, methapor, personafication and simile. Hyperbole is a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used emphasis or effect. Meantime, Methapor is a figure of speech in which an expression is used to refer to something that it does not literaally denote in order to suggest a similarity. Simile is a comparisson between two different things, interesting, emotional, or other effect often using words such as “like” or “as”. In addition, personafication is a figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstraction is given human.
4.2.4
Abbreviation Phrasal Compound Abbreviation is a shortened form of a word or phrase used chiefly in writing to
represent the complete form. For example, “ Mass” from “ Masachussets”, “USMC” from ”United State Marine Corps.but not all of people use abbreviation, and still regarded as an idiom.
4.2.5
Substitute Substitute in this type idiom formation not of the sort, which can accumulate
to change the grammatical pattern of language, Substitute is one structure of idiom. For example: “Petroleum and Natural gas” ( used for heating or electricity).
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We have know about type of idiom above, and now the researcher only focusing on one type of idiom that is “Figure of speech” to analyze the lyrics of songs. Before we discuss about figure of speech it is better for us to see denotation and connotation meaning. Denotation is the dictionary meaning or meaning of a word. The connotation is what suggests beyond what it expresses. For instance, the word “home” by denotation means only a place where one lives, but by connotation it suggests security, love, comfort, and family. From explanation above connotation can form figure of speech which is a departure from the ordinary form of expression or the ordinary course of ideas in order to produce a greater effect. (Siswantoro in Iryanti, 2010:10) Here there are some definitions of figure of speech. figure of speech are : twisting of the normal meaning of word, speaking in language symbols, a way of saying something other than the ordinary way ( Bradford in Iryanti,2010:10). Allthough there are different definition about figure of speech, it does not matter that figure of speech is the language cannot be taken literally. 4.3 Idiomatic analysis of Maher Zain’s songs 4.3.1
Open Your Eyes
No
Line
Quotation of lyric Figure speech
1
4-5
of Interpretation/
the
real
Meaning
The clouds floating Symbol
The
beautiful
situation
by
illustrated by Clouds and
The skies are clear
skies.
and blue 2
6-8
Planets
in
the Symbol
Planet, moon and sun are a
orbits, The moon
symbol of the greatness of
and
God. Where those are created
the
sun
Such perfect
such a perfect harmony
harmony 3
8
The moon and the Simile
It compares the moon, sun to
sun
perfect harmony like music
Such perfect
with pitch perfect
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T
harmony
a4
If we just look Metaphor
Look bright to see the signs
b
bright to see the
is metaphor of Open our eyes
l
signs
e5
16
17
We hiding
4 . 6
19
3
can’t from
the
The truth is a metaphor of all the greatness of God. All the
truth
thing which has created.
Take us in the best Symbol
The best way is a symbol of
way
the way where Allah guide us
. 7
25-
Look inside
1
26
yourselves Such
.
keep Metaphor
a
Simile
It compares all inside our body to perfect order, like
perfect
good command
order 8
28
l
Running in your personification
Running represents as a feet.
veins
It run in veins as a way.
i st of figure of speech found in song Open your eyes
4.3.2 Thank You Allah No Line
Quotation
Kinds of
Interpretation/
the
real
Meaning 1
1
I was so far from you
2
2
Yet to me you were Metaphor
You is metaphor of God, that
always so close
God or Allah always so close
I wandered lost in the Symbol
It
dark
condition in bad condition
3
4
3
4
I
closed
my
Metaphor
eyes Metaphor
toward the signs
You is metaphor of God
symbol
of
someone’s
Closed my eyes is a metaphor of someone who closed his heart
5
5
You put in my way
6
8
Ooo
Allah,
brought me home
Metaphor you Symbol
You is metaphor of God Home is a symbol where He come back in a best way
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7
8
19
33
And that's when you Metaphor
Opened
the
doors
is
opened the doors for
metaphor open the repent
me
door.
I wanna thank you for Symbol
Home is a symbol where He
bringing me home
come back in a best way.
Table 4.3.2 . list of figure of speech found in song Thank you Allah
4.3.3 Hold My Hand
No
Line
Quotation
Figure
of Interpretation/ the real
speech 1
2
3
1
2
5
Meaning
I hear the flower's Personification
The flower can cry like
kinda crying loud
human
The breeze's sound is Personification
The breeze’s sound is
sad
sad like human feeling.
So cold and empty
Symbol
inside
It
illustrate
bad
condition, no one cares like an empty room
5
7
Did we really turn that Symbol
Blind is a symbol that
blind
we cannot see with aour heart.
6
10
Now we share the Symbol
The situation that we are
same bright sun, the
in the same world, with
same round moon
one sun which warm us and one moon which shining in the darkness
7
14
Hold my hand
Metaphor
We should cares each other
8
22
A beautiful world I Metaphor
Beautiful
share with you
planet together
world is a
where
to
be
a
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9
23
Children
seem
like Simile
they've lost their smile
It compares the children to bad situation, there is no happiness inside.
10
27
heartbreaking
crying Personification
Crying like human
sounds 11
34
There's only one small Symbol
Small planet is a symbol
planet where to be
of the world or the universe
Table 4.3.3. list of figure of speech found in song Hold my hand
4.3.4
Insya Allah
No Line Quotation
Figure of speech
Interpretation/ the real Meaning
1
2
2
3
You feel so lost That Symbol
The
your so alone
someone in wrong way
All you see is night , Symbol
The
And
speaker’s condition that
darkness
all
around 3
8
Insya
condition
of
situation
of
everything he see is dark Allah
you'll Metaphor
find your way
Find your way is a metaphor find the best way
4
5
13
20
Haunt your mind and Metaphor
Haunt your mind is a
your heart is full of
metaphor
shame
guilty of all mistake
Turn to Allah
Symbol
of
feeling
Turn is a symbol come back to Allah in the best way
6
21
He is never far away
Metaphor
He is mataphor of Allah
Table 4.3.4. list of figure of speech found in song Insya Allah
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4.3.5
For The Rest of My Life No
Line
Quotation
Figure speech
1
2
of Interpretation/
the
real
Meaning
You found me home and Metaphor
You is metaphor of someone
sail with me
whom his love. Sail with me is a metaphor cross over the livelihood
2
5
You`ve opened my heart
Metaphor
You is metaphor of someone whom his love, that she has open his heart
3
12
I`ll stay by your side Symbol
Good condition with love
honest and true 4
16
Through days and night
5
17
I`ll thank Allah for open Metaphor
Open my eyes is a metaphor
my eyes
of open his heart.
Now I find myself so Metaphor
Find myself is a metaphor
strong
of that he has find his self
6
24
Symbol
Together in Everytime
identity after he find love Table 4.3.5 . list of figure of speech found in song For the rest of my life
4.4 The analysis of data The next step of research finding is analyzing the data. The writer analyzes the data where types of figure of speech are determined here. Next, The figure of speech are analyzed for their meaning in comon sense and with the context of the songs. 4.4.1
Symbol According to dictionary by farlex, symbol may be roughly defined as something that means more what it is and the symbol is a thing (could be an object, person, situation or action) which stand for something else more abstract. There are some symbol that can be founds in this song. The writer next will analyze those expressions in this songs
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1) Open your eyes The first symbol in this song is in line 4-5 “the clouds floating by, the skies are clear and blue”, and 6-8 “planet in the orbits, the moon and the sun such perfect harmony” in line 4-5 the phrase that writer calls as a symbol are the clouds and the skies. In that line has a meaning “something beautiful that God shows up for us in this universe” and in line 6-8 “Planet, the moon and the sun” as a symbol something beautiful such good tone or pitch perfect with beautiful melody became perfect harmony. And the last in line 19 “Take us in the best way” the phrase that writer calls as a symbol is “the best way” which has a meaning the way where Allah guide us, The way that Allah love. 2) Thank you Allah In this song the writer only finds three symbol, the first in line 3 “wandered lost in the dark” the word “Wander” ussualy used for someone who go so far away from the place where he live. But in the song the word “wander” as a symbol that someone so far from Allah. In line 8 Ooo Allah, you brought me home. The word “Home” in dictionary is a building where people live with their family. But here, in the context of song the word “home” as a symbol a place where Allah accept him because of his repentant. And the last in line 33 “I wanna thank you for bringing me home” the word “home” same with meaning as in line 8 that the word “home” as a symbol a place where Allah accept him because of his repentant. 3) Hold my hand In this song the writer finds four symbol those are in line 5 “So cold and empty inside” the symbol are “so cold and empty” It illustrate bad condition, no one cares like an empty room. The second symbol is in line 7 “Did we really turn that blind” Blind is a symbol that we cannot see with our heart. Then in line 10 “Now we share the same bright sun, the same round moon” The situation that we are in the same world, with one sun which warm us and one moon which shining in the darkness. The last in line 34 “There's only one small planet where to be” Small planet is a symbol of the world or the universe. 4) Insya Allah The symbol of this song can be finds in line 2, 3 and 20. In line 2 “You feel so lost That your so alone” “feel so lost” and “so alone” is a symbol and the
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meaning is the condition of someone in wrong way. In line 3 “All you see is night , And darkness all around” the word “night and darkness” is a symbol of the situation of speaker’s condition that everything he see is dark. The last is in line 20 “Turn to Allah” Turn is a symbol come back to Allah in the best way. 5) For the rest of my life The first symbol of this song is in line 12 “I`ll stay by your side honest and true” the word “stay” as a symnol that someone will faithful with her couple and affirmed with the words “honest and true” means he never hurt his couple. And the second symbol is in line 16 “Through days and night” the words “days and night” is a symbol of time or a situation that the context is everytime with you to face the life.
4.4.2
Metaphor According to Canavan (1975:150) metaphor is an implied comparison without the introductory word like or as. While according to Barnet (1961:104) metaphor asserts the identity, without a connective such as like or a verb such as appear of term those are literally incompatible. 1) Open your eyes In this song the writer find only two metaphor, it is in line 16, “If we just look bright to see the signs”. In this line the metaphor is “look bright” Look bright to see the signs is metaphor of Open our eyes. Then in line 17 “We can’t keep hiding from the truth” The truth is a metaphor of all the greatness of God. All the thing which has created. 2) Thank you Allah In this song the metaphor is the dominant figure of speech os thank you Allah song. The first is in line 1 “I was so far from you” the word “you” is metaphor of God. Next in line 2 “Yet to me you were always so close” You is metaphor of God, that God or Allah always so close. In line 4 “I closed my eyes toward the signs” Closed my eyes is a metaphor of someone who closed his heart. In line 5 “You put in my way” the word You is metaphor of God. The last in line 19 “And that's when you opened the doors for me” Opened the doors is a metaphor open the repent door.
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3) Hold my hand The writer only finds two metaphor in this song. The first in line 14 “Hold my hand” the meaning is “We should cares each other, that we have family, we have a friends in out side who will keep and hold us when we feel so painful. The last in line 22 “A beautiful world I share with you” Beautiful world as metaphor which meaning is a planet where to be together. 4) Insya Allah In this song the metaphor is in line 8 “Insya Allah you'll find your way” Find your way is a metaphor of find the best way. Find the way means find the good thing. And in line 13 “Haunt your mind and your heart is full of shame” Haunt your mind is a metaphor of feeling guilty of all mistake. Then metaphor in line 21 “He is never far away” He is mataphor of Allah. He as substitute of God in the context of song. 5) For the rest of my life In this song the writer finds only three metaphor, the first is in line 2 “You found me home and sail with me” You is metaphor of someone whom his love. Sail with me is a metaphor cross over the livelihood. The second is in line 5 “You`ve opened my heart” You is metaphor of someone whom his love, that she has open his heart. And the last in line 17 “I`ll thank Allah for open my eyes” Open my eyes is a metaphor of open his heart.
4.4.3
Simile According to Christoper simile is a direct comparison between things which
are not particularly similar in their essences (Christoper, 1966:41). A comparison made between two objects of differemt kinds which have, however, at least one point in common. The most frequently used connectives are like, as, so, appear, seem, more than. The similar definition said that simile is a figure of speech in which a comparison is expressed by the specific use of a word or phrase such as like, as, than, seems or as if. 1) Open your eyes In this song the writer finds two simile, the first in line 8 “The moon and the sun, Such perfect harmony” It compares the moon, sun to perfect harmony like music with pitch perfect and the last in line 25-26 “Look inside yourselves,
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Such perfect order” It compares all inside our body to perfect order, like good command. 2) Hold my hand The simile found in line 23 “Children seem like they've lost their smile” It compares the children to bad situation, there is no happiness inside.
4.4.4
Personification Personification consist in giving the attributes of a human being to an animal, an object or a concept. (Perrine, 1992). A figure of speech in which an inaminate object or abstraction is endowed with human qualities or abilities. The figure of speech “personification” only found in “Open your eyes and Hold my hand song”. 1) Open your eyes Personification in line 28 “Running in your veins” Running represents as a feet. It run in veins as a way. The word “run” is ussually represent in a land by feet. But in the context of song running in veins is an abstraction that illustrate something happen perfectly inside our body. 2) Hold my hand In this song personification found in line 1 “I hear the flower's kinda crying loud” The flower can cry like human . Line 2 “The breeze's sound is sad” The breeze’s sound is sad like human feeling.
And in line 27 “heartbreaking
crying sounds” Crying like human. All personification in this song as if human abilities but in the context of song it is just an illustration. As if alive like human.
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CHAPTER V CONCLUSION 5.1 Conclusion Contextual meaning, knowing about lexical or word meaning and idiomatics is one of the interesting Semantics topics to be discussed. The researcher draws the conclusions as follows: 1. After doing the research, the writer found out the contextual meaning that exist in lyrics of Maher Zain’s Songs. Most words have more than one meaning. The meaning of a word is determined through its contextual use. The writer found three contextual meaning those are Linguistic meaning, Syntagmatic meaning, Paradigmatic meaning. Found 9 Linguistic context, 15 Syntagmatic context, and 4 Paradigmatic context. Linguistic context in this research the case of deixis person.
2. The words have meaning based on the context itself, each words have other meaning. So that is why the lexical ambiguity arise in most of words. There are 2 the causal factors of the lexical ambiguity. The writer found out 15 data of the lexical ambiguity. However, those findings only concern in analyzing two kind of lexical ambiguity. First, Polysemy (multiple meaning) occurs when one word has two or more sense. The writer found 7 polysemy. Second, homonym are two different words with the same form. The writer found 8 homonym. 3. In the case of idiomatics, after analyzing five songs of maher zain’s song the researcher found out 4 figure of speech in the five songs those are symbol, metaphore, simile and personification. The writer found out 15 symbol, 16 metaphor, 3 simile and 4 personification. Semantic is the study about meaning. There are so many meaning each word, phrase and sentence that we can not translate or understand literally, because the lyrics of songs are much used poetic meaning.
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5.2 Suggestion Based on the problem statements and after having analysis, the researcher suggests for: 1. The readers The reader can use the research become references to understanding about contextual meaning of words to find the meaning and the purpose of their books easier. To figure out the right interpretation and the exact meaning, they should understand the topic of the song and the context of situation besides reading the whole lyrics or other lesson. 2. The English teacher Based on the research the writer is going to give suggestion for the English teachers. They can use this research for references study of meaning to teach their student and they can use for understanding about meaning in context and meaning of word. 3. The English learner The English learners can use the research to increasing their understanding about meaning in the case of spoken or writen and knowledge of understanding context of the speaker what they mean in convey the utterances, phrase and sentences. And apply it in their daily conversations, writing products and others. 4. Other Researchers For the other researcher, they can also take this research as a reference for further research in the case of understanding contextual meaning and lexical ambiguity. They may combine and develop the research with many interdisciplinary studies.
REFERENCES Abidin, Zaenal. 2010. An analysis of moral value in the songs by steven and coconut treez. Cirebon: IAIN Syekh Nurjati press Adisutrisno, D wagiman. 2008. Semantics(an intoduction to the basic concepts). Yogyakarta: C.V andi offset. Annas, Yudi Februen. 2005. Structural and hermeneutic analysis in song theme of world peace “Heal the world” (Michael Jackson). Cirebon: IAIN Syekh Nurjati press Ary Donald, Jacobs cheser, et al. 2010. Introduction to research in education. 8th Edition. United states: Cambridge university press. Auerbach, Carl F And Silverstein, Louise B. 2003. Qualitative data : an introduction to coding and analysis. New York: New York University Press. Bloomfield, L. (1961). Language. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc Creswell, John W. 2009. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Method Approache. (3rd Ed). Los Angeles: SAGE Publications, Inc. -----------------------. 2012. Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. (4th Ed). New York: Pearson Education. Cruse, D.A . 1987. Lexical Semantics. New York: Cambridge University Press. Efendi, Dedi. 2010. Figure of speech analysis on three poems of john donne. Jakarta: Syarif Hidyatullah islamic university press. Fetzer, Anita. 2004. Recontextualizing Context. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company Fitri, Iryanti. 2010. A figurative language analysis on sylvia plath poems. Jakarta: Syarif Hidyatullah islamic university press. Fraenkel, Jack R. 2012. How to design and evaluate research in education (8th Ed). New York: McGraw-Hill. Fromkin, Rodman et al, 2003. an introduction to language, Seventh Ed. Thomson Wadsworth) Griffiths, Patrick. 2006. An Introduction to English Semantics and Pragmatics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Ltd.
Grimonia, Eya. 2014. Dunia Musik (Sains Musik untuk kebaikan hidup). Bandung: Nuansa Cendekia. Hockett, C.F. 1958. A Course in Modern Linguistic. New York: Macmilan. Kothari, C.R (2004). Research methodology: methods and techniques (2nd Revised Ed.). New Delhi: New Age International Publishers. Kreidler, Charles W. 2002. Introducing English Semantics. New York: Routlaedge Taylor and francis group. Lou, Robby.2007. The Handbook of English Idioms. Jakarta: V-Print, Jakarta. Lyon, John. 1979. Semantics.p.607, 609 Vol 2. New York: Cambridge university press. Lyons, J. 1981. Language and Linguistics: An Introduction. Great Britain: Cambridge University Press. Marisa, Isa. 2012. An Analysis of Phrases in Songs Album “Thank You Allah” by Maher Zain. Cirebon: IAIN Syekh Nurjati press Michael W, Kibby & William J. CSI: Contextual Semantic Investigation For Word Meaning p.5,http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/~rapaport/CVA/CSI.pdf (27 mei 2014, 08.15 WIB) Miles, M & Huberman, A.M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis. (2nd Ed) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Nida, Eugene A. 2001. Context in Translating. Vol 41. Amsterdam: John Benjamins B.V P. Joseph Canavan. 1975. Paragraph and theme. 2ed, New York: D.C. Heath and Company. Patel, D Aniruddh. 2008. Music, Language and the Brain. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Perrine, laurence, and Thomas R. ARP. 1992. Sound and Sense; An Introduction to Poetry, 8ed , Southern Methodist University. Sacks, Oliver. 2007. Musichopilia (Tales of music and the brain). New York: Alfred A. Knopf INC.
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APPENDIXES
Appendix 1
OPEN YOUR EYES Look around yourselves Can’t you see this wonder Spreaded infront of you The clouds floating by The skies are clear and blue Planets in the orbits The moon and the sun Such perfect harmony Let’s start question in ourselves Isn’t this proof enough for usOr are we so blind To push it all aside.. No.. *We just have to Open our eyes, our hearts, and minds If we just look bright to see the signs We can’t keep hiding from the truth Let it take us by surprise Take us in the best way (Allah..) Guide us every single day.. (Allah..) Keep us close to You Until the end of time.. Look inside yourselves Such a perfect order Hiding in yourselves Running in your veins What about anger love and pain
And all the things you’re feeling Can you touch them with your hand? So are they really there? When a baby’s born So helpless and weak And you’re watching him growing.. So why deny Whats in front of your eyes The biggest miracle of life.. Allah.. You created everything We belong to You Ya Robb we raise our hands Forever we thank You.. Alhamdulillah..
Appendix 2
THANK YOU ALLAH I was so far from you Yet to me you were always so close I wandered lost in the dark I closed my eyes toward the signs You put in my way I walked everyday further and further away from you
Ooooo Allah, you brought me home I thank you with every breath I take الحمد هلل الحمد هلل All praises to Allah
I never thought about All the things you have given to me I never thanked you once I was too proud to see the truth And prostrate to you Until I took the first step And that's when you opened the doors for me Now Allah, I realized what I was missing By being far from you الحمد هلل All praises to Allah
Allah, I wanna thank you I wanna thank you for all the things that you've done
You've done for me through all my years I've been lost You guided me from all the ways that were wrong And did you give me hope
O Allah, I wanna thank you I wanna thank you for all the things that you've done You've done for me through all my years I've been lost You guided me from all the ways that were wrong I wanna thank you for bringing me home الحمد هلل All praises to Allah الحمد هلل
Appendix 3
HOLD MY HAND I hear the flower's kinda crying loud The breeze's sound is sad Oh no... Tell me when did we become So cold and empty inside
Lost a way long time ago Did we really turn that blind We don't see that we keep hurting each other no All we do is just fight
**Now we share the same bright sun, the same round moon Why don't we share the same love Tell me why not Life is shorter than most have thought
Hold my hand There are many ways to do it right Hold my hand Turn around and see what we`ve left behind Hold my hand my friend We can save the good spirit of me and you For another chance And let's pray for a beautiful world A beautiful world I share with you
Hold my hand....
Children seem like they've lost their smile On the new blooded playgrounds
Oh no... How could we ignore heartbreaking crying sounds And we're still going on Like nobody really cares And we just stopped feeling all the pain because Like it's a daily basic affair
No matter how far I might be I'm always gonne be your neighbour There's only one small planet where to be So I'm always gonna be your neighbour We cannot hide, we can't deny That we're always gonna be neighbours Your neighbour, my neighbour We're neighbours
Appendix 4
INSHA ALLAH Everytime you feel like you cannot go on You feel so lost That your so alone All you is see is night ,And darkness all around You feel so helpless , You can't see which way to go Don't despair and never loose hope Cause Allah is always by your side
Insha Allah x3 Insya Allah you'll find your way
Everytime you can make one more mistake You feel you can't repent And that its way too late Your're so confused, wrong decisions you have made Haunt your mind and your heart is full of shame
Don't despair and never loose hope Cause Allah is always by your side Insha Allah x3 Insya Allah you'll find your way Insha Allah x3 Insya Allah you'll find your way
Turn to Allah He's never far away Put your trust in Him Raise your hands and pray OOO Ya Allah Guide my steps don't let me go astray
You're the only one that showed me the way, Showed me the way x2 Insha Allah x3 Insya Allah we'll find the way
Appendix 5
FOR THE REST OF MY LIFE I praise Allah for sending me you my love You found me home and sail with me And I`m here with you Now let me let you know You`ve opened my heart I was always thinking that love was wrong But everything was changed when you came along
And theres a couple words I want to say
Chorus: For the rest of my life I`ll be with you I`ll stay by your side honest and true Till the end of my time I`ll be loving you.loving you For the rest of my life Through days and night I`ll thank Allah for open my eyes Now and forever I…I`ll be there for you
I know that deep in my heart I feel so blessed when I think of you And I ask Allah to bless all we do You`re my wife and my friend and my strength And I pray we`re together in jannah
Now I find myself so strong Everything changed when you came along OOOO And theres a couple word I want to say
I know that deep in my heart now that you`re here Infront of me I strongly feel love And I have no doubt And I`m singing loud that I`ll love you eternally
