In the name of Allah
A Few Selected Verbs Used in the Holy Qur'an
Detailed conjugation lists of selected verbs for ease of learning
In the name of Allah, Most Beneficent, Most Merciful
PREFACE
All praise be to Allah, and may peace and blessings of Allah be upon his Prophet, Muhammad. Allah says very explicitly in His Book, " (This is) a Book (the Qur'an) which We have sent down to you, full of blessings that they may ponder over its verses, and that men of understanding understanding may remember [38:29]." [38:29]." If we don't understand the Book, how can we ponder on its verses! Ahadith also emphasize the learning of the Qur’an. The Prophet of Allah, Muhammad, pbuh, said, "The best among you are those who have learnt the Qur'an and teach it (to others)" [Bukhari]. With the objective of learning to understand the Qur’an in mind, we had prepared a booklet titled, “80% of Qur’anic Words.” In that booklet, a star (*) was placed next to a few selected verbs. This small book gives detailed conjugation lists (for masculine gender) of those marked verbs as an aid to students. Please keep the following points in mind while studying this booklet. To explain some points, grammar terminologies have been used below. A reader can understand many of these things from the examples without worrying too too much about the relevant grammar terminologies. terminologies. It is humbly suggested here that the teacher teacher as well as the students students (except those who are Arabic Arabic language learners) learners) may better avoid these terminolog terminologies. ies. Otherwise, Otherwise, as has been observed in many cases, the students may be afraid of learning the Arabic and stop learning it altogether. •
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No. of words and their meanings: The number given in brackets on the top right side of every page shows the number of times this verb has come in the Qur’an in its various forms. Only common meanings: In this booklet, only the common meanings of the verbs are given. Depending upon the context, the meanings of the same verb may change. Root letters and Verbal noun: Top middle of every page shows the root letters of of the verb. On the top left side, the verbal noun of the corresponding verb along with its translation is provided. Pronouns: On the right side of the column for Past Tense, relevant Detached Pronouns ( ) are given.
) are provided on the left side of the column for Present Tense. The corresponding Attached Pronouns ( Please note that the Attached Pronouns can come with any any verb, noun, or preposition. To emphasize this point, a ا ، ) is provided just below the column of Attached Pronoun. box with these forms ( ،ا Past Tense verbs in italics: The verbal verbal forms forms for past tense are given given in italic italics. s. The verb verb in past past tense tense corresponds to an action which is already completed. Consequently Consequently the letters have been bent (italicized). This is done just to help the students distinguish it from present tense verbal forms which are kept in normal upright font. Dual forms: The dual forms are sparingly sparingly used in the Qur’an. Consequently, to save space and to give it lesser emphasis, the fontsize for these forms is kept small. ): Depending upon the person (3 rd, 2 nd, or 1 st), gender (masculine Conjugations of Past tense verbs ( ِ or feminine), and number (singular or plural), ending words of the corresponding forms of the past tense change. By this change we know whether this verb (past tense) is singular or plural, 3 rd, 2nd or 1 st person, and feminine or mascul masculine ine.. To remembe rememberr this feature, feature, here here is an example example.. If you are standing standing on a road, road, you can see the backside backside of a departed departed car, truck or jeep. A look at the backside backside is enough for you to tell which type of car has gone. Similarly, if you are standing on a runway, you can see only the backside (tail section) of an aeroplane that has just taken off. Consequently, at the bottom of the column for past tense forms in the chart, a balloon balloon of letters َ ( ،ُت ،ُْ ،َت ،ُوا- ،َ- ) is attached to an aeroplane that has just taken off. ُ ): Unlike past tense verbs, for conjugations of Imperfect Conjugations Conjugations of Imperfect Imperfect tense verbs ( ِعرَ tens tensee verb verbss occu occur, r, the the chan change gess occu occurr at the the star startt of the the verb verbss (exc (excep eptt for for endi ending ng term termss like like ). Thes Thesee chan change gess ( ) are are show shownn by desc descen endi ding ng aero aeropl plan anee (mea (meani ning ng Impe Imperf rfec ectt tens tense) e).. Thes Thesee two two pictures are shown as aid to the understanding of the reader or student: For past tense verbs the tail of the aeroplane changes and for the Imperfect tense verbs the mouth or nose of the aeroplane changes. َ ) for both past and imperfect tenses: Compared to Active verb ( ُوفْ َ ) and Passive verb ( لُ ْ the active voice form of a verb, the diacritics ( ُ - ،ِ- ،َ- ) on the first three letters of the same active form is changed ََ َ : to open; َِ ُ : is opened to make it passi passive. ve. For exampl examplee opened,, in case of past tense. tense. This This system system of replacement of diacritics is followed for all the conjugations conjugations of past tense. Similarly in case of present tense َُ َْ : is opening; and opened. This rule is applied applied for all the conjuga conjugations tions of present present tense. tense. In view of َُ ُْ : is being opened. this, this, only only singu singular lar,, mascul masculine ine third third person person conjuga conjugatio tions ns are given given in one line for passiv passivee voice voice forms. forms. It is expected that you can construct the remaining conjugations of the passive voice. Transitive verb ( يَََُ ): Transitive verb is a verb which needs an object; for example fataha , dharaba , etc. There are two types types of transitive transitive verbs: active active and passive. passive. The passive particip participle le ( ل ا ) اas well as the passive voice forms for such verbs are given on pages wherever transitive verbs appear.
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َ َ ذَه ،َ مَ , etc. Intransitive verb ( زِم ): Intransitive verb is a verb which does not need an object; for example, Such verbs do not have a passive passive participle participle or passive voice forms. For this reason, the passive passive participle participle and conjugations of passive voice are left blank on pages where intransitive verbs appear. Triliteral verbs ( د ) and triliteral verbs with extra letters (VEL ): Both masculine masculine and feminine conjugations of the triliteral verb ( ََ َ ) or the Verb type 1 (VT-1) and trilateral verb with extra letters َ ،َ َ are given (pages 1, 2, 28, 29, 33, 34, 37, 38, 48, 49, 52, (Verb types or VT-2 till VT-10) such as ... ،َ َ ْ َ أ ،َ َ 53, 56, and 57). For other verbs, verbs, conjugation conjugationss of only masculine masculine forms are given. given. The number number given with VT indicates the verb type to which the verb belongs. Note: Note: If you are teaching a class to help students understand the basics of Qur’an, you can make a poster by (masculine enlarging the page containing conjugations of ََ َ (masculine only). only). You can put this poster beside beside the black board. You can make use of this poster during practice of different verbs or while explaining conjugation of a given verb.
An efficient and an effective way of teaching the conjugations of
ََ َ :
” is the most difficult lesson of an Arabic class. Students start In general, it is observed that teaching the “Conjugations of ََ َ dropping the course from this moment onwards. onwards. Along with pronunciation, if hand movements movements are also practiced, then these conjugations will be easily understood by the students. 1.
(He has done), point the index finger of the right hand towards your right as if that person is When When you you say say ََ َ sitting on your right. When you say اَُ َ (They did), point all the four fingers of your right hand towards your right. In a class, both the teacher and the student should practice this together.
2.
(You did), point the index finger of your right hand towards your front. When you say ُْْ َ (All When When you you say say ََْ َ of you did), point all the four fingers fingers of your right hand towards your your students. In a class, the teacher should point his fingers towards the students and the students should point their fingers towards the teacher.
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(I did), point the index finger ََْ َ (we did) When When you you say say َُْ َ finger of your right hand towards yourself. When you say point all the four fingers of your right hand towards yourself.
4.
The same procedure procedure of fingers fingers pointing pointing can be used for practicing practicing the different different conjugation conjugationss of Imperfect Imperfect tense verbs also. To distinguish distinguish between between the past tense and the present tense, you may pronounce pronounce all the past tense forms and move your right hand at a lower level while pointing pointing towards right, right, in front, front, or yourself. yourself. For present present tense, raise your right hand at a higher level and pronounce the present tense verbs with a higher pitch (as if you are saying that you did it and you are still doing it!).
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When When you you say say َْ ْ ِ ا , point the index finger of your right hand in front of you and move your hand down from a raised raised position as if you are giving a command to somebody somebody standing standing in front of you. When you say اَُ ْ ِ ا, the same action can be repeated by all the four fingers of the right hand.
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When When you you say say َْ ْ َ َ , point the index finger of your right hand in front of you and move your hand from left to right as if you are directing directing somebody somebody not to do something. something. When you say اَُ َْ َ , the same action can be repeated with the four fingers of the right hand instead of just one.
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Steps 1 to 3 can also be used for detached detached pronoun pronounss and attached attached pronouns. pronouns. However, However, for attached attached pronouns pronouns,, َر ، َ ر ،ُْ َر ،َ َر ،ُْ َر ،ُ َر ), a preposition (for e.g., the exercise should be done along with any noun (for e.g., َ َ َ ،ِ ،َُْ ،َ َ ،َُْ ،َ ) , or a transitive verb (for e.g., َ َ َ َ ،ِ َ َ َ ،ْ ُ َ َ َ ،َ َ َ َ ،ْ ُ َ َ َ ،ُ َ َ َ ).
References: Many books have been referred to in preparation preparation of this booklet. Most important one among these is the book ودر ا ن اا ظ ا ) prepared originally at the Arabic Language institute of King Saud University (اره تر by Dr. Muhammad Hussain Abulfatooh and published by Maktaba Lebanon, Lebanon Lebanon (1990). For the meanings of Arabic words, the book, “Vocabulary of the Holy Qur’an” by Dr. Abdullah Abbas Nadwi has been extensively used. Abbreviations: mg masc. gender sg singular sb somebody VT Verb Verb type type (fro (from m 1 till till 10) 10)
fg fem. gender br.pl broken plural plural dl dual pl somebody or something st something ss VEL: VEL: tril trilite itera rall Verb Verbss with with Extra Extra Lett Letter erss ( ); ); from VT-2 till VT-10
Many people people have contrib contributed uted in the compilat compilation ion and review review of this booklet. booklet. May Allah reward reward them them all. May He also protect us from errors and forgive us if they have occurred in this this booklet. If you find any error, please notify us so that it can be rectified in future editions. We appreciate your suggestions suggestions and comments. May Allah reward you for the the help.
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LIST OF VERBS GIVEN IN THIS BOOKLET S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
Conjugation for the verb
Meaning
No. of times in the Qur’an
he did
108
she did
-
he opened
29
he made
346
he helped
92
he remembered
163
he worshipped
143
he disbelieved / was ungrateful
461
he hit / gave example
58
he wronged
266
he heard
100
he knew
518
he did / worked
318
he went astray
113
he thought / believed
68
he found
107
he promised
124
he said
1719
he was / is
1361
he increased
51
he called / invocated / prayed
197
he guided
163
he was afraid
48
he ordered
232
he saw
269
he came
263
he wished / wanted / willed
277
-
-
-
-
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Root letters
Verb type (VT)
Verb type (VT)
Page No.
VT-1
1
VT-1
2
VT-1
3
VT-1
4
VT-1
5
VT-1
6
VT-1
7
VT-1
8
VT-1
9
VT-1
10
VT-1
11
VT-1
12
VT-1
13
VT-1
14
VT-1
15
VT-1
16
VT-1
17
VT-1
18
VT-1
19
VT-1
20
VT-1
21
VT-1
22
VT-1
23
VT-1
24
VT-1
25
VT-1
26
VT-1
27
VT-2
28
VT-2
29
30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58
he taught
42
he accused (him or it) of falsehood
198
he sent down
79
-
-
-
-
he strove / struggled
31
he called out
44
-
-
-
-
he brought out / took out
108
he submitted
72
he associated partners with
120
he sent down
190
he sent (someone) astray
68
he wanted
139
he showed
44
he believed
782
he gave
274
-
-
-
-
he received admonition
51
he turned away / took charge
79
-
-
-
-
he followed
140
he found the path
61
-
-
-
-
he asked for forgiveness
42
TOTAL
10158
v
VT-2
30
VT-2
31
VT-2
32
VT-3
33
VT-3
34
VT-3
35
VT-3
36
VT-4
37
VT-4
38
VT-4
39
VT-4
40
VT-4
41
VT-4
42
VT-4
43
VT-4
44
VT-4
45
VT-4
46
VT-4
47
VT-5
48
VT-5
49
VT-5
50
VT-5
51
VT-8
52
VT-8
53
VT-8
54
VT-8
55
VT-10
56
VT-10
57
VT-10
58
