Section 21 - Double Jeopardy Case Digests under Atty. Pe

SEC 21 DOUBLE JEOPARDY “No person shall be twie p!t in "eopar#$ o% p!nish&ent %or the sa&e o%%ense' (% an at is p!nishe# b$ a law an# an or#inane) on*ition or a+!ittal !n#er either shall onstit!te a bar to another prose!tion %or the sa&e at', CASE -AC.S (SSUE /ELD Paulin vs Gimenez 5Respon#ent an# Br6$ Capt' 4ab!$o) while in a "eep) >hether or Not the "!#6e 5-or #o!ble "eopar#$ to attah) the #is&issal o% the ase &!st be were s&othere# with #!st when the$ were o*erta7en b$ i6nore# petitioner8s ri6ht witho!t the e@press onsent o% the a!se#' >here the #is&issal 0R 12 the *ehile owne# b$ Petitioner Spo!ses' (r7e# b$ s!h) a6ainst #o!ble "eopar#$ b$ was or#ere# !pon &otion or with the e@press assent o% the Jan 21 133 4ab!$o %ollowe# the *ehile !ntil the latter entere# the #is&issin6 CEB532=? a!se#) he has #ee&e# to ha*e wai*e# his protetion a6ainst 4elo) J' 6ate o% an establish&ent' /e in+!ire# the nearb$ se!rit$ #o!ble "eopar#$' "eopar#$' (n the ase at bar) the #is&issal was 6rante# !pon 6!ar# %or the i#entit$ o% the owner o% the *ehile' Later &otion o% the petitioners' Do!ble "eopar#$ th!s #i# not att ah' that #a$) while en6a6e# in his #!ties) petitioners alle6e#l$ pointe# their 6!ns at hi&' .h!s) he i&&e#iatel$ or#ere# -!rther&ore) s!h #is&issal is not onsi#ere# as an a+!ittal' .he his s!bor#inate to all the polie an# blo7 roa# to latter is alwa$s base# on &erit that shows that the #e%en#ant is pre*ent the petitioners8 esape' Upon the arri*al o% the be$on# reasonable #o!bt not 6!ilt$' >hile the %or&er) in the ase polie) petitioners p!t their 6!ns #own an# were at bar) ter&inate# the proee#in6s bea!se no %in#in6 was &a#e as i&&e#iatel$ apprehen#e#' to the 6!ilt or innoene o% the petitioners'

Icasiano vs Sandiganbayan 0R No' 3:;2

5A o&plaint “6ra*e threats, was %ile# a6ainst the petitioners 9Cri&inal Case No' :2;<' (t was #is&isse# b$ the o!rt atin6 on the &otion o% the petitioners' 4ab!$o %ile# a 4OR th!s the #is&issal was re*erse#' .herea%ter) petitioners %ile# %or “ertiorari) prohibition) #a&a6es) with relie% o% preli&inar$ in"!ntion an# the iss!ane o% a .RO, 9CEB532=<' Petition is #is&isse# %or la7 o% &erit an# %or bein6 a prohibite# plea#in6 an# or#ere# to proee# with the trial o% the ase' /ene) this instant petition' 5Atin6 4!niipal .rial Co!rt J!#6e o% Nai) Ca*ite) A!relio 0' (asiano) Jr' isse# 2 or#ers o% #etention #ate# 1 an# 2= No*e&ber 13 a6ainst Ro&ana 4a6ba6o %or onte&pt o% o!rt bea!se o% her ontin!e# re%!sal to o&pl$ with a %i%th alias writ o% e@e!tion' 4a6ba6o %ile# an a#&inistrati*e o&plaint #ate# 1= -ebr!ar$ 13= with the S!pre&e Co!rt a6ainst J!#6e (asiano' A%ter e*al!atin6 the alle6ations o% the o&plaint) (asiano8s o&&ent thereon an# the Co!rt A#&inistrator8s reo&&en#ation) the S!pre&e Co!rt #is&isse# the a#&inistrati*e o&plaint %or la7 o% &erit in an en ban resol!tion #ate# 2 -ebr!ar$ 13' 4eanwhile) on 1= 4arh 13=) 4a6ba6o also %ile# with the O%%ie o% t he O&b!#s&an the sa&e letter5 o&plaint earlier %ile# with the S!pre&e Co!rt this ti&e) she lai&e# *iolation b$ J!#6e (asiano) Jr' o% the Anti50ra%t an# Corr!pt Praties At 9RA 13) se'  par' e< in .BP5=532;' A%ter onsi#erin6 J!#6e (asiano8s answer) in a r esol!tion #ate# April 13 Speial Prose!tor E*el$n Al&o6ela5 Baliton reo&&en#e# #is&issal o% the o&plaint %or la7 o% &erit' .he reo&&en#ation was appro*e# b$ then Speial Prose!torF.ano#ba$an Prose!torF.ano#ba$an Ra!l 4' 0onGales' (t appears %ro& the reor#s o% the .ano#ba$an) whih were

.he lower o!rt #i# not *iolate the r!le when it set asi#e the or#er o% #is&issal %or the reeption o% % !rther e*i#ene b$ the prose!tion bea!se it &erel$ orrete# its error when it pre&at!rel$ ter&inate# an# #is&isse# the ase witho!t 6i*in6 the prose!tion the ri6ht to o&plete the presentation o% i ts e*i#ene' .he r!le on s!&&ar$ proe#!re was orretl$ applie#'

>hether the resol!tion o% the a#&inistrati*e proee#in6 in the S!pre&e Co!rt bars the s!bse+!ent %ilin6 o% a ri&inal ase a6ainst the a!se# in the San#i6anba$an'

5A%ter a loser loo7 at the reor#s o% the ase) the Co!rt is o% the *iew that the #istintion between a#&inistrati*e an# ri&inal proee#in6s &!st be !phel#) an# that a prose!tion in one is not a bar to the other' (t is) t here%ore) orret %or the San#i6anba$an to hol# that #o!ble "eopar#$ #oes no appl$ in t he present ontro*ers$ bea!se the S!pre&e Co!rt ase 9a6ainst J!#6e (asiano< was a#&inistrati*e in harater while the San#i6anba$an ase also a6ainst J!#6e (asiano is ri&inal in nat!re' >hen the S!pre&e Co!rt ats on o&plaints a6ainst "!#6es or an$ o% the personnel !n#er its s!per*ision an# ontrol) it ats as personnel a#&inistrator) i&posin6 #isipline an# not as a o!rt "!#6in6  "!stiiable ontro*ersies' 5A#&inistrati*e proe#!re nee# not stritl$ a#here to tehnial r!les' S!bstantial e*i#ene is s!%%iient to s!stain on*ition' Cri&inal proee#in6s be%ore the San#i6anba$an) on the other han#) while the$ &a$ in*ol*e the sa&e ats s!b"et o% the a#&inistrati*e ase) re+!ire proo% o% 6!ilt be$on# reasonable #o!bt' 5.o 5.o a*ail o% the protetion a6ainst #o!ble "eopar#$) it is %!n#a&ental that the %ollowin6 re+!isites &!st ha*e obtaine# in the ori6inal prose!tionH 9a< a *ali# o&plaint or in%or&ation 9b<

%orwar#e# to the S!pre&e Co!rt) !pon or#er o% the Co!rt in onnetion with this ase) that the resol!tion #is&issin6 the o&plaint was release# on 1; April 13' .he o%%ie o% the .ano#ba$an reei*e# another o&plaint %ro& the sa&e Ro&ana 4a6ba6o 9.BP5=51:;<' .he e@at #ate o% %ilin6 o% the seon# o&plaint is not state# b!t the reor#s o% the ase were alle6e#l$ a&on6 those trans&itte# to the then newl$ reate# o%%ie o% the O&b!#s&an !n%ort!natel$) the trans&itte# reor#s #i# not ontain the earlier resol!tion o% #is&issal in .BP5=5 32;' Speial Prose!tor Nianor Cr!G) Jr' who was assi6ne# to in*esti6ate the ase 9.BP5=51:;< appeare# o&pletel$ !naware o% the earlier ase) .BP5 =532;' .he orrespon#in6 in%or&ation a6ainst (asiano was therea%ter %ile# with the San#i6anba$an 9Cri&inal Case 1;:<' A%ter sai# in%or&ation was %ile# on 21 4arh 133) (asiano 9as a!se#< %ile# a &otion %or rein*esti6ation' (asiano8s &otion %or rein*esti6ation was #enie# in the 23 J!ne 133 resol!tion) o% the San#i6anba$an' (asiano then &o*e# to +!ash the in%or&ation on the 6ro!n#s) a&on6 others) that the a!se# shall be plae# in #o!ble "eopar#$ in so %ar as the resol!tion o% the /on' S!pre&e Co!rt in A#&inistrati*e Case R.J5=51' .he San#i6anba$an #enie# the &otion to +!ash' A &otion %or reonsi#eration was li 7ewise #enie#' (asiano %ile# the petition %or ertiorari with the S!pre&e Co!rt'

Antonio Lejano vs POP 0R 1=3 Jan 1 211

5.he SC re*erse# the "!#6&ent o% the CA an# a+!itte# the a!se# in this ase) /!bert Je%%re$ P' >ebb) Antonio Le"ano) 4ihael A' 0athalian) /ospiio -ernan#eG) 4i6!el Ro#ri6!eG) Peter Estra#a) an# 0erar#o Bion6 o% the har6es a6ainst the& on the 6ro!n# o% la7 o% proo% o% their 6!ilt be$on# reasonable #o!bt' 9= a!se#< 5.herea%ter) La!ro 0' IiGon#e) as7e# the Co!rt to reonsi#er its #eision) lai&in6 that it “#enie# the prose!tion #!e proess o% law serio!sl$ &isappreiate# the %ats !nreasonabl$ re6ar#e# Al%aro as la7in6 re#ibilit$ iss!e# a tainte# an# erroneo!s #eision #ei#e# the ase in a &anner that res!lte# in the &isarria6e o% "!stie or o&&itte# 6ra*e ab!se in it s treat&ent o% the e*i#ene an# prose!tion witnesses',

a o&petent o!rt < a *ali# arrai6n&ent 9#< the #e%en#ant ha# plea#e# to the har6e an# 9e< the #e%en#ant was a+!itte#) or on*ite#) or the ase a6ainst hi& was #is&isse# or otherwise ter&inate# witho!t his e@press onsent' 5All these ele&ents #o not appl$ *is5 a5*is the a#&inistrati*e ase) whih sho!l# ta7e are o% J!#6e (asiano8s ontention that sai# a#&inistrati*e ase a6ainst hi& be%ore the S!pre&e Co!rt) whih was #is&isse#) entitle# hi& to raise the #e%ense o% #o!ble  "eopar#$ in the ri&inal ase in the San#i6anba$an' .he har6e a6ainst J!#6e (asiano be%ore the San#i6anba$an is %or 6ra*e ab!se o% a!thorit$) &ani%est partialit$ an# ino&petene in ha*in6 iss!e# 2 or#ers o% #etention a6ainst o&plainin6 witness 4a6ba6o' Or#inaril$) o&plainant8s a*ailable re&e#$ was to appeal sai# or#ers o% #etention in aor#ane with the R!les' (t is onl$ when an appellate o!rt re*erses the lower o!rt iss!in6 the +!estione# or#ers an ab!se) partialit$ or ino&petene be i&p!te# to the "!#6e' /ere no appeal %ro& the +!estione# or#ers o% the iss!in6 "!#6e 9(asiano< was ta7enH instea#) a#&inistrati*e an# ri&inal ases were %ile# a6ainst the "!#6e %or iss!in6 the or#ers' (t is preisel$ %or this reason) a&on6 other) that the a#&inistrati*e ase a6ainst J!#6e (asiano was #is&isse# b$ the S!pre&e Co!rt %or la7 o% &erit an# $et) it annot be ass!&e# at this point that J!#6e (asiano is not ri&inall$ liable !n#er RA 13) par' 9e< %or iss!in6 the +!estione# or#ers o% #etention' (n %at) the O&b!#s&an has %o!n# a pri&a %aie ase whih le# to the %ilin6 o% the i n%or&ation' (n an$ ase) the #is&issal b$ the .ano#ba$an o% the %irst o&plaint annot bar the present prose!tion) sine #o!ble "eopar#$ #oes not appl$' As hel# in Cirilo Cino) et al' *s' San#i6anba$an an# the People o% the Philippines) a preli&inar$ in*esti6ation 9ass!&in6 one ha# been on#!te# in .BP5=532;< is not a trial to whih #o!ble  "eopar#$ attahes' >hether or not "!#6&ent o% a+!ittal &a$ be reonsi#ere#?

5As a r!le) a "!#6&ent o% a+!ittal annot be reonsi#ere# bea!se it plaes the a!se# !n#er #o!ble "eopar#$' .o reonsi#er a  "!#6&ent o% a+!ittal plaes the a!se# twie in "eopar#$ o% bein6 p!nishe# %or the ri&e o% whih he has alrea#$ been absol*e#' 5.here is reason %or this pro*ision o% the Constit!tion' (n ri&inal ases) the %!ll power o% the State is ran6e# a6ainst the a!se#' (% there is no li&it to atte&pts to prose!te the a!se# %or the sa&e o%%ense a%ter he has been a+!itte#) the in%inite power an# apait$ o% the State %or a s!staine# an# repeate# liti6ation wo!l# e*ent!all$ o*erwhel& the a!se# in ter&s o% reso!res) sta&ina) an# the will to %i6ht' 5On oasions) a &otion %or reonsi#eration a%ter an a+!ittal is possible' B!t the 6ro!n#s are e@eptional an# narrow as when the o!rt that absol*e# the a!se# 6ra*el$ ab!se# its #isretion)

res!ltin6 in loss o% "!ris#ition) or when a &istrial has o!rre#' (n an$ o% s!h ases) the State &a$ assail the #eision b$ speial i*il ation o% ertiorari !n#er R!le :' 5Altho!6h o&plainant IiGon#e in*o7e# the e@eptions) he has been !nable to brin6 his pleas %or reonsi#eration !n#er s!h e@eptions' /e has not spei%ie# the *iolations o% #!e proess or ats onstit!tin6 6ra*e ab!se o% #isretion that the Co!rt s!ppose#l$ o&&itte#' POP vs Aurelio Balisacan 0R L52=3

5De%en#ant5appellee A!relio Balisaan was har6e# with homicide in the C-( o% (loos Norte' .he in%or&ation alle6e# that on Dee&ber ) 13;) in N!e*a Era) (loos Norte) the a!se# assa!lte# an# stabbe# to #eath Leoniio B!laoat'

>ON the instant appeal plae# the a!se# in #o!ble "eopar#$?

5.he a!se#) assiste# b$ o!nsel) entere# a plea o% 6!ilt$' At his o!nsel8s petition) howe*er) he was allowe# to present e*i#ene to pro*e &iti6atin6 ir!&stanes' .he a!se# testi%ie# that he stabbe# B!laoat in sel%5 #e%ense bea!se the latter was stran6lin6 hi&' /e %!rther state# that he s!rren#ere# hi&sel% *ol!ntaril$ to the polie a%ter the ini#ent' 5.he o!rt a quo ren#ere# a #eision a+!ittin6 the a!se# on the basis o% his testi&on$' /ene) the instant appeal'

POP vs &ity &ourt of Silay 0R ;=3 De 3 13=

5.hat so&eti&e on Jan!ar$ ;)13=;) a!se# Pai%io Sensio) Ro&eo 4illan an# >il%re#o Johio who were then salers at the /awaiian5Philippine Co&pan$) wei6he# ane ars No'1=;)1 an# 122 loa#e# with s!6ar anes whih were plae# in tar"etas 9wei6ht report ar#s<) Apparentl$) it was pro*en an# shown that there was pa##in6 o% the wei6ht o% the s!6ar anes an# that the in%or&ation on the tar"etas were to be %alse &a7in6 it appear to be hea*ier than its at!al wei6ht' .he three a!se# then were har6e# with “-alsi%iation b$ pri*ate in#i*i#!als an# !se o% %alsi%ie# #o!&ent,' A%ter the prose!tion ha# presente#) the respon#ent &o*e# to #is&iss the har6e a6ainst the& on the 6ro!n# that the e*i#enes presente# were not s!%%iient to establish their 6!ilt be$on# reasonable #o!bt' Atin6 on the &otion) respon#ent o!rt iss!e# its or#er #is&issin6 the ase on the 6ro!n# that the ats o&&itte# b$ the a!se# #o not onstit!te# the ri&e o% %alsi%iation as stritl$ en!&erate# in the re*ise# penal o#e #e%inin6 the ri&e

5(t is settle# that the existence of a lea is an essential re!uisite to double jeoardy' (n the present ase) it is tr!e) the a!se# ha# %irst entere# a plea o% 6!ilt$' S!bse+!entl$) howe*er) he testi%ie#) in the o!rse o% bein6 allowe# to pro*e &iti6atin6 ir!&stanes) that he ate# in o&plete sel%5#e%ense' Sai# testi&on$) there%ore   as the o!rt a quo  reo6niGe# in its #eision  ha# the e%%et o% *aatin6 his plea o% 6!ilt$ an# the o!rt a quo  sho!l# ha*e re+!ire# hi& to plea# a new on the har6e) or at least #iret that a new plea o% not 6!ilt$ be entere# %or hi&' .his was not #one' It follo"s that in effect there having been no standing lea at the time the court a quo rendered its judgment of ac!uittal# there can be no double jeoardy "ith resect to the aeal herein$ %-!rther&ore) as a%orestate#) the o!rt a quo  #ei#e# the ase !pon the &erits witho!t 6i*in6 the prose!tion an$ opport!nit$ to present its e*i#ene or e*en to reb!t the testi&on$ o% the #e%en#ant' (n #oin6 so) it learl$ ate# witho!t #!e proess o% law' An# %or la7 o% this %!n#a&ental prere+!isite) its ation is per%ore n!ll an# *oi#' .he a+!ittal) there%ore) bein6 a n!llit$ %or want o% #!e proess) is no a+!ittal at all) an# th!s annot onstit!te a proper basis %or a lai& o% %or&er "eopar#$'

>hether or Not the 6rant o% petition b$ the o!rt wo!l# plae the a!se# Sensio) 4illan an# Johio in #o!ble  "eopar#$?

5Yes the re*i*al o% the ase will p!t the a!se# in #o!ble  "eopar#$ %or the *er$ reason that the ase has been #is&isse# earlier #!e to la7 o% &erits' (t is tr!e that the ri&inal ase o% %alsi%iation was #is&isse# on a &otion o% the a!se# howe*er this was a &otion %ile# a%ter the prose!tion ha# reste# its ase) allin6 %or the e*i#ene be$on# reasonable 6ro!n# whih the prose!tion ha# not been able to #o whih wo!l# be tanta&o!nt to a+!ittal there%ore will bar the prose!tion o% another ase' As it was state# on the re+!ire&ents o% a *ali# #e%ense o% #o!ble  "eopar#$ it sa$sH .hat there sho!l# be a *ali# o&plaint) seon# wo!l# be that s!h o&plaint be %ile# be%ore a o&petent o!rt an# to whih the a!se# has plea#e# an# that #e%en#ant was pre*io!sl$ a+!itte#) on*ite# or #is&isse# or otherwise ter&inate# witho!t e@press onsent o% the a!se# in whih were all present in the ase at bar' .here was in#ee# a *ali#) le6iti&ate o&plaint an# onern a6ainst the a!se# Sensio) 4illan an# Johio whih was %ile# at a o&petent o!rt with "!ris#ition on the sai# ase' (t was also &entione# that the a!se# plea#e# not 6!ilt$ an# #!rin6 the ti&e o% trial) it was pro*en that the ase !se#

'smena vs Pogoy 0R :;11 -eb 2) 131

POP vs (on Gregorio Pineda 0R No L5;;2: -eb 1) 133

o% %alsi%iation whih was har6e# earlier an# that their ase be #is&isse#' People asserts that the plea o% #o!ble  "eopar#$ is not tenable e*en i% the ase at bar was #is&isse# bea!se aor#in6 to the&) it was #one with the onsent o% the a!se# there%ore wai*in6 there #e%ense o% #o!ble "eopar#$' .he a!se# on the other han#) reiterate# the %at that the #is&issal was #!e to la7 o% &erits o% the prose!tion whih wo!l# ha*e the sa&e e%%et as an a+!ittal whih will bar the prose!tion %ro& prose!tin6 the a!se# %or it will be !n"!st an# !nonstit!tional %or the a!se# #!e to #o!ble "eopar#$ r!le th!s the appeal o% the plainti%%' 5Petitioners Es&eKa an# Alba were har6e# with 6ra*e oerion in the Co!rt o% Ceb! Cit$ %or alle6e#l$ %orin6 -r' .ho&as .ib!#an to with#raw a s!& o% &one$ worth P: %ro& the ban7 to be 6i*en to the& bea!se the priest lost in a 6a&e o% hane' D!rin6 arrai6n&ent) petitioners plea#e# “Not 0!ilt$,' No trial a&e in a%ter the arrai6n&ent #!e to the priest8s re+!est to &o*e it on another #ate' So&eti&e later J!#6e Po6o$ iss!e# an or#er settin6 the trial A!6'1)13=3 b!t the %isal in%or&e# the o!rt that it reei*e# a tele6ra& statin6 that the o&plainant was si7' .he a!se# in*o7e# their ri6ht to spee#$ trial' Respon#ent "!#6e #is&isse# the ase bea!se the trial was alrea#$ #ra66in6 the a!se# an# that the priest8s tele6ra& #i# not ha*e a &e#ial erti%iate attahe# to it in or#er %or the o!rt to reo6niGe the o&plainant8s reason to be *ali# in or#er to reshe#!le a6ain another hearin6' A%ter 2= #a$s the %isal %ile# a &otion to re*i*e t he ase an# attahe# the &e#ial erti%iate o% the priest pro*in6 the %at that the priest was in#ee# si7 o% in%l!enGa' On Ot'2;)13=3) a!se# Es&eKa an# Alba %ile# a &otion to #is&iss the ase on the 6ro!n# o% #o!ble "eopar#$'

>hether or Not the re*i*al o% 6ra*e oerion ase) whih was #is&isse# earlier #!e to o&plainant8s %ail!re t o appear at the trial) wo!l# plae the a!se# in #o!ble "eopar#$?

5.hat on or abo!t the 1=th #a$ o% A!6!st) 13=1) in the >hether or not the o!rt &a$ in &!niipalit$ o% Pasi6) pro*ine o% RiGal) Philippines) the its #isretion entertain at an$ abo*e5na&e# a!se#) bein6 then pri*ate in#i*i#!al #i# ti&e be%ore "!#6&ent a &otion then an# there will%!ll$) !nlaw%!ll$ an# %elonio!sl$ to +!ash on the 6ro!n# o% %alsi%$ a p!bli #o!&ent b$ &a7in6 !ntr!th%!l  "eopar#$? state&ents in a narration o% %ats) o&&itte# as %ollowsH the sai# a!se# on A!6!st 1=) 13=1) e@e!te# a #o!&ent entitle# “Appliation -or Re6istration, %or parels o% lan# loate# at .a$ta$) RiGal) to the e%%et that She is the e@l!si*e owner in %ee si&ple o% a parel o% lan# sit!ate# in 4ala7in6 B!n#o7) Barrio Dolores)

a6ainst the a!se# were not s!%%iient to pro*e the& 6!ilt $ be$on# reasonable #o!bt there%ore #is&issin6 the ase whih translates to a+!ittal' (t e@plaine# %!rther that there are two instanes when we an onl!#e that there is "eopar#$ when %irst is that the 6ro!n# %or the #is&issal o% the ase was #!e to ins!%%iien$ o% e*i#ene an# seon#) when the proee#in6s ha*e been reasonabl$ prolon6e# as to *iolate the ri6ht o% the a!se# to a spee#$ trial' (n the 2 re+!isites 6i*en) it was the %irst on that is *er$ &!h appliable to o!r ase at bar where there was #is&issal o% the ase #!e to i ns!%%iien$ o% e*i#ene whih will bar the appro*al o% the petition in the ase at bar %or it will onstit!te #o!ble "eopar#$ on the part o% the a!se# whih the law #espises' 5Yes) re*i*al o% the ase will p!t the a!se# in #o!ble "eopar#$ %or the *er$ reason that the ase has been #is&isse# alrea#$ witho!t the onsent o% the a!se# whih wo!l# ha*e an e%%et o% an a+!ittal on the ase %ile#' .he #is&issal was #!e to o&plainant8s inapabilit$ to present its e*i#ene #!e to non appearane o% the witnesses an# o&plainant hi&sel% whih wo!l# bar %!rther prose!tion o% the #e%en#ant %or t he sa&e o%%ense' -or #o!ble "eopar#$ to e@ist these three re+!isites sho!l# be present) that one) there is a *ali# o&plaint or in%or&ation %ile# seon#) that it is #one be%ore a o!rt o% o&petent "!ris#ition an# thir#) that the a!se# has been arrai6ne# an# has plea#e# to the o&plaint or in%or&ation' (n the ase at bar) all three on#itions were present) as the ase %ile# was 6ra*e oerion) %ile# in a o!rt o% o&petent "!ris#ition as to where the oerion too7 plae an# last the a!se# were arrai6ne# an# has plea#e# to t he o&plaint or the in%or&ation' >hen these three on#itions are present then the a+!ittal) on*ition o% the a!se#) an# the #is&issal or ter&ination o% the ase witho!t his e@press onsent onstit!tes res  "!#iata an# is a bar to another prose!tion %or the o%%ense har6e#' (n the ase) it was e*i#entl$ shown that the a!se# in*o7e# their ri6ht to a spee#$ trial an# as7e# %or the trial o% the ase an# not its ter&ination whih wo!l# &ean that respon#ents ha# no e@presse# onsent to the #is&issal o% t he ase whih wo!l# &a7e the ase %ile# res "!#iata an# has been #is&isse# b$ the o&petent o!rt in or#er to protet the respon#ents as well %or their ri6ht to spee#$ trial whih will be e+!i*alent to a+!ittal o% the respon#ents whih wo!l# be a bar to %!rther prose!tion' 5(t wo!l# now appear that prior on*ition or a+!ittal in the %irst ase) as lon6 as the a!se# ha# entere# his plea therein is no lon6er re+!ire# in or#er that the a!se# &a$ &o*e to +!ash a seon# prose!tion %or the sa&e o%%ense on the 6ro!n# o% #o!ble " eopar#$', Le6al "eopar#$ attahes onl$ 9a< !pon a *ali# in#it&ent) 9b< be%ore a o&petent o!rt) 9< a%ter arrai6n&ent) 9#< a *ali# plea ha*in6 been entere#) an# 9e< the ase was #is&isse# or otherwise ter&inate# witho!t the e@press onsent o% the a!se#',

)elo vs POP 0R L5: 4arh 22 13: 4oran) CJ

Bulaong vs POP

.a$ta$) RiGal with Ps!52;2 an# that she “#oes not 7now o% an$ &ort6a6e or en!&brane o% an$ 7in# whatsoe*er a%%etin6 sai# lan# or that an$ person has estate or interest therein) le6al or e+!itable) in possession re&ain#er) re*ersion or e@petan$,) as a res!lt o% whih the Co!rt in its Deision o% 4arh 22) 13=2 #elare# the herein a!se# the tr!e an# absol!te owner o% sai# parel o% lan# %ree %ro& all liens an# en!&branes o% an$ nat!re) when in tr!th an# in %at the herein a!se# has alrea#$ sol# an# en!&bere# to one E#ilberto I' (lano sai# parel o% lan# re%erre# to abo*e as an be 6leane# %ro& a #o!&ent entitle# “as!latan N6 Bilihan N6 L!pa Na 4a$ Pas!bali O Con#iion, #ate# A!6!st 12) 133 an# sai# E#ilberto I' (lano has alrea#$ pai# partial a&o!nt o% P1):' to the herein a!se#' On Otober 2) 13=:) pri*ate respon#ent Consolaion Na*al &o*e# to +!ash the in%or&ation %or %alsi%iation) pre&ise#) a&on6 other thin6s) on the apprehension that she is in #an6er o% bein6 on#e&ne# %or an i#ential o%%ense' .he %ollowin6 #a$) Na*al plea#e# not 6!ilt$ to the har6e le*elle# a6ainst her %or %alsi%iation an# on Dee&ber 22) 13=:) the o!rt a quo #enie# her &otion to +!ash' 5Conra#o 4elo was har6e# in the Co!rt o% -irst (nstane >hether the seon# o% RiGal) on 2= Dee&ber 13;3) with %r!strate# ho&ii#e) in%or&ation) %ile# a%ter the %or ha*in6 alle6e#l$ in%lite# !pon Ben"a&in Obillo) with #eath o% the *iti&) *iolates the a 7ithen 7ni%e an# with intent to 7ill) se*eral serio!s a!se#8s ri6ht a6ainst #o!ble wo!n#s on #i%%erent parts o% the bo#$) re+!irin6 &e#ial  "eopar#$? atten#ane %or a perio# o% &ore than  #a$s) an# inapaitatin6 hi& %ro& per%or&in6 his habit!al labor %or the sa&e perio# o% ti&e' On 23 Dee&ber 13;3) at H a'&') 4elo plea#e# not 6!ilt$ to the o%%ense har6e#) an# at 1H1: p'&' o% the sa&e #a$ Ben"a&in Obillo #ie# %ro& his wo!n#s' E*i#ene o% #eath was a*ailable to the prose!tion onl$ on  Jan!ar$ 13:) an# on the %ollowin6 #a$) ; Jan!ar$ 13:) an a&en#e# in%or&ation was %ile# har6in6 4elo with ons!&&ate# ho&ii#e' 4elo %ile# a &otion to +!ash the a&en#e# in%or&ation alle6in6 #o!ble  "eopar#$) &otion that was #enie# b$ the o!rt' 4elo %ile# the petition %or prohibition to en"oin the o!rt %ro& %!rther entertainin6 the a&en#e# in%or&ation'

5R!le 1) setion 1) 2# para6raph) pro*i#es that “(% it appears at an$ ti&e be%ore "!#6&ent that a &ista7e has been &a#e in har6in6 the proper o%%ense) the o!rt &a$ #is&iss the ori6inal o&plaint or in%or&ation an# or#er the %ilin6 o% a new one har6in6 the proper o%%ense) pro*i#e# the #e%en#ant wo!l# not be plae# thereb$ in #o!ble "eopar#$) an# &a$ also re+!ire the witnesses to 6i*e bail %or their appearane at the trial', Un#er this pro*ision) it was proper %or the o!rt to #is&iss the %irst in%or&ation an# or#er the %ilin6 o% a new one %or the reason that the proper o%%ense was not har6e# in the %or&er an# the latter #i# not plae the a!se# in a seon# "eopar#$ %or the sa&e or i#ential o%%ense' .here is i#entit$ between two o%%enses not onl$ when the seon# o%%ense is e@atl$ the sa&e as the %irst) b!t also when the seon# o%%ense is an atte&pt to o&&it the %irst or a %r!stration thereo%) or when it neessaril$ inl!#es or is neessaril$ inl!#e# in the o%%ense har6e# in the %irst in%or&ation' .his r!le o% i#entit $ #oes not appl$) howe*er) when the seon# o%%ense was not in e@istene at the ti&e o% the %irst prose!tion) %or the si&ple reason that in s!h ase there is no possibilit$ %or the a!se#) #!rin6 the %irst prose!tion) to be on*ite# %or an o%%ense that was then ine@istent' -!rther) when a person who has alrea#$ s!%%ere# his penalt$ %or an o%%ense) is har6e# with a new an# 6reater o%%ense) sai# penalt$ &a$ be re#ite# to hi& in ase o% on*ition %or the seon# o%%ense'

POP vs *iozon 0R 32 J!ne 13 1331 Da*i#e) J

POP vs Adil

5At aro!n# 11H p'&' o% 2; -ebr!ar$ 133) Leonar#o Boli&a $ 4esia an# his wi%e were a wa7ene# b$ the lo!# 7no7s on their #oor' Leonar#o opene# the #oor an# the$ saw that the person who was 7no7in6 was their “Paren6 .ropin6,) E!tropio .ioGon' Leonar#o i n*ite# .ioGon) who appeare# to be *er$ #r!n7) to o&e insi#e their ho!se' One insi#e their ho!se) .ioGon sat #own an# the two e@han6e# pleasantries' .ioGon showe# a 6!n to her h!sban# an# the latter e*en to$e# with i t' .he two le%t' : &in!tes later an# or a%ter Leonar#o8s wi%e hear# two s!essi*e 6!nshots) an# hear# .ioGon 7no7in6 at their #oor an# at the sa&e ti&e in%or&in6 her that he ai#entall$ shot Leonar#o) “4are) &are) nabaril 7o si Pare) hin#i 7o sinasa#$a', Leonar#o8s wi%e so!6ht help to arr$ Leonar#o towar#s the &ain roa#' So&e o% the nei6hbors arri*e# brin6in6 with the& li6hts' .herea%ter) aloo7an polie&en arri*e# an# so she a!se# the arrest o% .ioGon' (n an in%or&ation %ile# b$ the Asst' Cit$ Prose!tor o% Calooan Cit$ on 2= -ebr!ar$ 133 with Branh 11 o% the Re6ional .rial Co!rt 9Calooan Cit$< o% the National Capital J!#iial Re6ion) E!tropio .ioGon $ Ai# was har6e# %or *iolation o% Presi#ential Deree 1) as a&en#e#' .ioGon plea#e# not 6!ilt$ when arrai6ne# on 1: 4arh 133' Pre5trial was on#!te# an# therea%ter the trial o!rt reei*e# the e*i#ene %or the parties' (n a #eision pro&!l6ate# on  J!ne 133) the trial o!rt %o!n# .ioGon 6!ilt$ be$on# reasonable #o!bt o% the ri&e o% P'D' 1 an# 4!r#er +!ali%ie# b$ treaher$ an# sentene# hi& to s!%%er li%e i&prison&ent to in#e&ni%$ the heirs o% the #eease# Leonar#o Boli&a the s!& o% P)' to rei&b!rse the heirs o% the *iti& the s!& o% P:)' as reasonable e@penses %or the wa7e an# b!rial e@penses an# to pa$ the osts' Aor#in6 to the trial o!rt) were it not %or its abolition) “the #eath penalt$) the sentene i&posable !n#er 2n# pa') Setion 1 o% PD 1) as a&en#e#,) sho!l# ha*e been i&pose#' On : J!l$ 133 .ioGon %ile# a &otion to reonsi#er the #eision whih) howe*er) was #enie# b$ the o!rt in its or#er o% 1 A!6!st 133' On 1= A!6!st) .ioGon %ile# a Notie o% Appeal'

>hether prose!tion %or *iolation o% PD 1) whih is +!ali%ie# b$ &!r#er or ho&ii#e) bars prose!tion %or &!r#er or ho&ii#e) in li6ht o% the ri6ht a6ainst #o!ble  "eopar#$?

5 Setion 1 o% PD 1 i&poses the penalt$ o% rel!sion te&poral in its &a@i&!& perio# to rel!sion perpet!a “!pon an$ person who shall !nlaw%!ll$ &an!%at!re) #eal in) a+!ire) #ispose or possess an$ %irear&) part o% %irear&) a&&!nition or &ahiner$) tool or instr!&ent !se# or inten#e# to be !se# in the &an!%at!re o% an$ %irear& or a&&!nition', (t 6oes %!rther b$ pro*i#in6 that “i% ho&ii#e or &!r#er is o&&itte# with the !se o% an !nliense# %irear&) the penalt$ o% #eath shall be i&pose#', (t &a$ be loosel$ sai# that ho&ii#e or &!r#er +!ali%ies the o%%ense penaliGe# in Setion 1 o% PD 1 bea!se it is a ir!&stane whih inreases the penalt$' (t #oes not) howe*er) %ollow that the ho&ii#e or &!r#er is absorbe# in the o%%ense otherwise) an ano&alo!s abs!r#it$ res!lts whereb$ a &ore serio!s ri&e #e%ine# an# penaliGe# in the Re*ise# Penal Co#e is absorbe# b$ a stat!tor$ o%%ense) whih is "!st a &al!& prohibit!&' .he rationale %or the +!ali%iation is to e%%eti*el$ #eter *iolations o% the laws on %irear&s an# to stop the “!ps!r6e o% ri&es *itall$ a%%etin6 p!bli or#er an# sa%et$ #!e to the proli %eration o% ille6all$ possesse# an# &an!%at!re# %irear&s', (n %ine then) the 7illin6 o% a person with the !se o% an !nliense# %irear& &a$ 6i*e rise to separate prose!tions %or 9a< *iolation o% Setion 1 o% PD 1 an# 9b< *iolation o% either Artile 2; 94!r#er< or Artile 2;3 9/o&ii#e< o% the Re*ise# Penal Co#e' .he a!se# annot plea# one as a bar to the other or) state# otherwise) the r!le a6ainst #o!ble "eopar#$ annot be in*o7e# bea!se the %irst is p!nishe# b$ a speial law while the seon#) ho&ii#e or &!r#er) is p!nishe# b$ the Re*ise# Penal Co#e'

POP vs +elova 0R ;:213 4arh  13= -eliiano) J

5Respon#ent herein is the "!#6e who ren#ere# the #eision #is&issin6 the petition o% the prose!tor to har6e 4an!el Op!lenia in *iolation o% 4!niipal or#inane S1 o% 13=; %or ille6al i nstallation o% eletri wire #o re#!e eletri ons!&ption %or his %ator$ M Op!lenia (e Plant' An in%or&ation howe*er was %ile# a%ter al&ost 3 &onths' .he respon#e# herein then &o*e# to +!ash the har6es %or 6ro!n#s o% presription) t hat sine the *iolation is lassi%ie# as li6ht %elon$) onl$ two &onths is 6i*en %or presription'

>hether !n#er the in%or&ation in ase 1;;) Op!lenia o!l#   i% he %aile# to plea# #o!ble  "eopar#$  be on*ite# o% the sa&e at har6e# in ase 1:;) in whih he has alrea#$ been a+!itte#?

.he lower o!rt 6rante# the &otion to +!ash' .he prose!tor then) a%ter the &otion was 6rante#) %ile# another har6e a6ainst the respon#ent o&pan$ owner) on 6ro!n# o% the%t' .hat aor#in6 to the prose!tor) ille6al installation whih is p!nishable !n#er the &!niipal or#inane an# the%t o% eletriit$ p!nishable !n#er the RPC are #i%%erent'

5.he onstit!tional protetion a6ainst #o!ble "eopar#$ is not a*ailable where the seon# prose!tion is %or an o%%ense that is #i%%erent %ro& the o%%ense har6e# in the %irst or prior prose!tion) altho!6h both the %irst an# seon# o%%enses &a be base# !pon the sa&e at or set o% %ats' B!t the protetion a6ainst #o!ble "eopar#$ is a*ailable altho!6h the prior o%%ense har6e# !n#er an or#inane be #i%%erent %ro& the o%%ense har6e# s!bse+!entl$ !#ner a national stat!#e) pro*i#e# that both o%%enses sprin6 %ro& the sa&e at or set o% %ats' .he %irst sentene prohibits #o!ble "eopar#$ o% p!nish&ent %or the sa&e o%%ense) whereas the seon# onte&plates #o!ble "eopar#$ o% p!nish&ent %or the sa&e at' Un#er the %irst sentene) one &a$ be twie p!t to "eopar#$ pro*i#e# that he is har6e# with #i%%erent o%%enses) or the o%%ense har6es is not inl!#e# or #oes not nl!#e) the ri&e har6e# it he other ase' .he seon# sentene applies e*en i% the o%%enses har6e# are not the sa&e) owin6 to the %at that one onstit!tes a *iolation o% an or#inane an# the other a *iolation o% the stat!es' (% t wo har6es are base# on one an# the sa&e at) on*ition or a+!ittal !n#er either shall onstit!te a bar to another prose!tion !n#er other' (n the ase at bar) the S!pre&e hel# that the the%t o% eletri !rrent onten#e# b$ the prose!tor is in#ee# part o% the o%%ense har6e# !n#er the &!niipal or#inane o% Batan6as) whih is the ille6al or !na!thoriGe# installation o% eletrial wirin6 bea!se i&&e#iate ph$sial e%%et o% the installation is the inwar# %low o% eletri !rrent into Op!lenia8s ie plant'

Ivler vs San edro 0R 1=2=1 No* 1= 21

-ollowin6 a *ehi!lar ollision in A!6!st 2;) petitioner Jason (*ler 9petitioner< was har6e# be%ore the 4etropolitan .rial Co!rt o% Pasi6 Cit$ 94.C<) with two separate o%%ensesH 91< Re7less (&pr!#ene Res!ltin6 i n Sli6ht Ph$sial (n"!ries %or in"!ries s!staine# b $ respon#ent E*an6eline L' Pone 9respon#ent Pone< an# 92< Re7less (&pr!#ene Res!ltin6 in /o&ii#e an# Da&a6e to Propert$ %or the #eath o% respon#ent Pone8s h!sban# Nestor C' Pone an# #a&a6e to the spo!ses Pone8s *ehile' Petitioner poste# bail %or his te&porar$ release in both

>hether petitioner8s onstit!tional ri6ht !n#er the Do!ble Jeopar#$ Cla!se bars %!rther proee#in6s in Re7less (&pr!#ene Res!ltin6 in /o&ii#e an# Da&a6e to Propert$ %or the #eath o% respon#ent Pone8s h!sban#?

5On the iss!e on #o!ble "eopar#$) the two har6es were prose!te# b$ the o!rt !n#er the pro*ision o% Artile : o% the Re*ise# Penal Co#e that penaliGes +!asi5o%%enses s!h as ne6li6ene' >hat this pro*ision onte&plates in +!asi5o%%enses o% ri&inal ne6li6ene is p!nishin6 the at o% ne6li6ene that i% intentionall$ #one will onstit!te a ri&inal o%%ense' .h!s) the law p!nishes the ne6li6ent at an# not the res!lt thereo%' (t ta7es into ao!nt the 6ra*it$ o% the o%%enses in #eter&inin6 the penalt$ b!t not to +!ali%$ the s!bstane o% the o%%ense' (t treats a ne6li6ent at as sin6le whether the in"!rio!s res!lt a%%ets one or se*eral persons' .he o%%ense o% ri&inal ne6li6ene re&ains as one an# annot be split into #i%%erent ri&es an# prose!tions' .he ontention o% the

ases' On 2;) petitioner plea#e# 6!ilt$ to the har6e on the %irst #elit an# was &ete# o!t the penalt$ o% p!bli ens!re' (n*o7in6 this on*ition) petitioner &o*e# to +!ash the (n%or&ation %or the seon# #elit %or plain6 hi& in "eopar#$ o% seon# p!nish&ent %or the sa&e o%%ense o% re7less i&pr!#ene' .he 4.C re%!se# +!ashal) %in#in6 no i#entit$ o% o%%enses in the two ases' .he petitioner ele*ate# the &atter to the Re6ional .rial Co!rt o% Pasi6 Cit$ 9R.C<) in a petition %or ertiorari while (*ler so!6ht %ro& the 4.C the s!spension o% proee#in6s in ri&inal ase) inl!#in6 the arrai6n&ent his arrai6n&ent as a pre"!#iial +!estion' >itho!t atin6 on petitioner8s &otion) the 4.C proee#e# with the arrai6n&ent an#) bea!se o% petitioner8s absene) anelle# his bail an# or#ere# his arrest' Se*en #a$s later) the 4.C iss!e# a resol!tion #en$in6 petitioner8s &otion to s!spen# proee#in6s an# postponin6 his arrai6n&ent !ntil a%ter his arrest' Petitioner so!6ht reonsi#eration b!t as o% the %ilin6 o% this petition) the &otion re&aine# !nresol*e#'

lower o!rt to in*o7e Artile ; where li6ht o%%enses s!h as sli6ht ph$sial in"!ries annot be o&ple@e# with 6ra*e or less 6ra*e %elon$ s!h as ho&ii#e that the o!rt is o&pelle# to separate both har6es is !ntenable in this ase' .he priniple o% prose!tin6 +!asi o%%enses re&ain intat in the ase th!s the petitioner annot be prose!te# %or 2 o%%enses o% si&ilar har6es on re7less i&pr!#ene' /is prose!tion on the %irst o%%ense th!s bars another prose!tion %or the seon# o%%ense b$ *irt!e o% the priniple o% #o!ble "eopar#$' .he S!pre&e Co!rt re*erse# the #eision o% the lower o!rt'

5

US *s DiaG5Con#e 0R 12

Conepion *s 0aria

SEC 22 E POS. -AC.O LA> “No ex post facto law or bill o% attain#er shall be enate#', 5On Dee&ber ) 131:) o&plainants Bartolo&e 5A law i&posin6 a new penalt$) or a new liabilit$ or #isabilit$) or Oli*eros an# En6raia Liano entere# into a ontrat with 6i*in6 a new ri6ht o% ation) &!st not be onstr!e# as ha*in6 a the #e%en#ants onernin6 a #ebt o% P' Oli*eros an# retroati*e e%%et' (t is an ele&entar$ r!le o% ontrat that the laws o' were obli6ate# to pa$ %i*e perent interest per &onth in %ore at the ti &e the ontrat was &a#e &!st 6o*ern its within the %irst ten #a $s o% e*er$ &onth' On 4a$ ) 1321) interpretation an# appliation' Laws &!st be onstr!e# Iiente DiaG Con#e an# Apolinaria R' De Con#e were prospeti*el$ an# not retrospeti*el$' (% a ontrat is le6al at its har6e# with *iolatin6 the Us!r$ Law in the Co!rt o% ineption) it annot be ren#ere# ille6al b$ an $ s!bse+!ent -irst (nstane o% the it$ o% 4anila' .he$ were %o!n# le6islation' (% that were per&itte# then the obli6ations o% a ontrat 6!ilt$) sentene# to pa$ a %ine o% P12 an# in ase o% &i6ht be i&paire#) whih is prohibite# b$ the or6ani law o% the insol*en$) to s!%%er s!bsi#iar$ i&prison&ent in Philippine (slan#s' aor#ane with the pro*isions o% law' .he$ too7 it to SC to plea#' 5 Ex post facto laws) !nless the$ are %a*orable to the #e%en#ant) are prohibite# in this "!ris#ition' E*er$ law that &a7es an ation) 5.he appellants now onten#H 9a< .hat the ontrat !pon #one be%ore the passa6e o% the law) an# whih was innoent when whih the alle6e# !s!rio!s interest was ollete# was #one) ri&inal) an# p!nishes s!h ation) is an e@ post %ato law' (n e@e!te# be%ore At No' 2:: was a#opte# 9 b< that at the the present ase At No' 2:: &a#e an at whih ha# been #one ti&e sai# ontrat was &a#e 9Dee&ber ) 131:<) there be%ore the law was a#opte#) a ri&inal at) an# to &a7e sai# At was no !s!r$ law in %ore in the Philippine (slan#s 9c< appliable to the at o&plaine# o% wo!l# be to 6i*e it an e@ post that sai# At No' 2:: #i# not beo&e e%%eti*e !ntil the %ato operation' .he Le6islat!re is prohibite# %ro& a#optin6 a law 1st #a$ o% 4a$) 131) or %o!r &onths an# a hal% a%ter the whih will &a7e an at #one be%ore its a#option a ri&e' A law ontrat in +!estion was e@e!te# 9d< that sai# law o!l# &a$ be 6i*en a retroati*e e%%et in i*il ation) pro*i#in6 it is ha*e no retroati*e e%%et or operation) an# 9e< that sai# !rati*e in harater) b!t e@ post %ato laws are absol!tel$ law i&pairs the obli6ation o% a ontrat) an# that %or all o% prohibite# !nless its retroati*e e%%et is %a*orable t o the sai# reasons the "!#6&ent i&pose# b$ the lower o!rt #e%en#ant' sho!l# be re*o7e# that the o&plaint sho!l# be #is&isse#) an# that the$ sho!l# eah be #ishar6e# %ro& 5-or the reason) there%ore) that the ats o&plaine# o% in the the !sto#$ o% the law' present ase were le6al at the ti &e o% their o!rrene) the$ annot be &a#e ri&inal b$ an$ s!bse+!ent or e@ post %ato le6islation' >hat the o!rts &a$ sa$) onsi#erin6 the pro*isions o% artile 12:: o% the Ci*il Co#e) when a i*il ation is bro!6ht !pon sai# ontrat) annot now be #eter&ine#' A ontrat &a$ be ann!lle# b$ the o!rts when it is shown that it is a6ainst &orals or p!bli or#er'

Sal*a#or *s 4apa