$32,90 ISSN: 0328-5073 Año 29 / 2015 / Nº 336
SABER ELECTRONICA
Di!ec#o! Di!ec #o! I. H7& H7& D. %&* %&* / P!od$c P!o d$cci)n ci)n J J M&7B& M&7B& N*;* N*;* (G7: !:&7 #"L) Col$mni" Col$m ni"#a": #a": F** F* *7 7 7& 7& L: H7& H7& "7B "7B:*? :*? *9*7 * 9*7 &7*7 &7*7 J:& &' &' M&9: M&9:9* 9* Edito rial QUarK S.r.l. Edito S.r.l. P+ *$! *$!a a+$a +$a ! & !+! ! +!c# c# ! ca! ca!&&a &&a ! &a *b&$ * b&$ca cac$ c$ '!'! a& Sa bEr ElEctro ElEctro ni nica ca a"ge$: (G+* Qa+% SRL) Sa R$ca+ R$ca+ 2072, 2072, Ca *$ *$a& a& F!! F!!+a&, +a&, T!& (11) 4301-8804 M'& (SISA): Ca. Mc!'a 2, C&. Sa. A"!a, Eca!*!c ! M+!&, E. M/$c M/$c,, T!&: T!&: (55) (55) 5839-5077 5839-5077
ARGENTINA Admini" Admi ni"#!a #!aci)n ci)n & Nego Negocio" cio" $** $* *8& 8& C. J&& J&& (G54 !&) S#aff L1&3& $**8& %&11*/4, M&*1& %&11*/4, D*4 %&11*/4 Si"#e Si" #ema" ma":: &1& &1& M&& M&&3& 3& %&1 %&1 Red & Com$ Com$#a #ado do!a" !a":: "&1 "4* "4 *4 4 Video & Animacione": Animacione": F*3&34 F*33*? Lega Le gale" le":: F*3&3 F*3&34 4 F14*8 F14*8 Con#a Con #ad$ d$!(a !(a:: F*3&3 F*3&34 4 D& D& T'cnica & De"a!!ollo de P!o#o#io": P!o#o#io": A1+*4 A&34 F14*8 M'%ico Admini" Admi ni"#!a #!aci)n ci)n & Nego Negocio" cio" &9& ";*4 ";*4, M&&9& ";*4 ";*4 S#aff I3. I8&*1 C*;&39*8 * A3&, I3. L8 A1'*94 C&894 "*&1&4, %94 "&3 ";*4 ";*4, G*43& ";*4 ";*4, J48 L8 &**8 F14*8 A#enci)n al Clien#e A#enci)n Clien#e A1* /&3 /&34 4 %&11* %&11* /4 &9*1*3 &9* 1*3@<* @<*'* '*1* 1*94 943 3& &.4 .4.& .& G!$o Q$a!k SRL #&3 "&4 2072 - C&5 C& 59&1 9&1 F** F**&1 &1 <<<.<* <<< .<*'* '*1* 1*94 943 3& &.4 .4.& .& <<<.<* <<< .<*'* '*1* 1*94 943 3& &.4 .4.= .= <<<.<* <<< .<*'* '*1* 1*94 943 3& &.4 .4.;* .;* G7:54 !:&70 #"L > #&'*7 E1*(97D3(& 34 8* 7*8543 7*8 5438& 8&' '11?& ?& 547 *1 (439* (43 9*3 3)4 )4 )* 1&8 349&8 349&8 +72& +72&)&8. )&8. $4)48 $4)48 148 574):( 574):(948 948 4 2&7(&8 2&7(&8 6:* 8* 2*3(4 2*3 (43&3 3&3 843 & 148 *+*(948 *+*( 948 )* 57*89&7 57*89&7 :3 8*7; 8*7;(4 (4 &1 1*(947, 1*(947, > 34 *3*397&C&3 97& C&3 7*8543 7*85438& 8&' '11)&) )&) )* 3:*897& 3:*897& 5&79*. 5&79*. E89@ E89@ 574 574' ')& )& 1& 7*574 7*574):( ):(-(D3 949&1 949&1 4 5&7(&1 5&7(&1 )*1 2&9* 2&9*7&1 7&1 (439* (439*3 3)4 )4 *3 *89& *89& 7*;8 7*;89&, 9&, &8B (424 (424 1& 3):8 3 ):897& 97&11?& ?&(D3 (D3 >/4 (42*7 (42*7(& (&11?& ?&(D3 (D3 )* 148 &5&7& &5& 7&948 948 4 )*&8 6:* &5&7* &5& 7*(*3 (*3 *3 148 2*3(4 2*3(43& 3&)48 )48 9*=948, 9*=948, '& 4 5*3& 5* 3& )* 8&3(4 8&3(43*8 3*8 1*& 1*&1*8, 1*8, 8&1;4 8&1 ;4 2*)&3 2*)&39* 9* &:94 &:947 7?& ?&(D3 (D3 547 *8(7 *8(794 94 )* 1& E)94 E)947&1. 7&1. C&*& &7 7 * H / / #H. Di"#!ib$ Di"#!i b$ci)n ci)n en Cai Cai#al: #al: C&7 C&* G:*'*7, 3258 - C&. 4301-4942
Di"#!ib$ Di"#!i b$ci)n ci)n en In#e!io!: DI#A, D97':7& I9*7&?& #A, 9*. L: #@*? *& 1836 - C&. 4305-011 4305-0114 4
n(me" de reg#$" de P"!edad i$elec$%al Vge$e: 966 999
"EC$o" $o" AL LEC EC$o" $o" DEL DI"EC
Los 10 Años de LA CoLeCCión CLub sAber eLeCtróniCA Bien, amigos amigos de Saber Saber Electró Electróni nica, ca, nos en- en- contra con tramos mos nueva nuevamen mente te en las pági páginas nas de nues- nues- tra revis revista ta predi predilec lecta ta para para compar compartir tir las nove noveda da- - des del mundo mundo de la electró electróni nica. ca. Y llegamos a 10 años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
Ing. Hora Horacio cio D. Valle Valle jo
SABER ELECTRONICA
Di!ec#o! Di!ec #o! I. H7& H7& D. %&* %&* / P!od$c P!o d$cci)n ci)n J J M&7B& M&7B& N*;* N*;* (G7: !:&7 #"L) Col$mni" Col$m ni"#a": #a": F** F* *7 7 7& 7& L: H7& H7& "7B "7B:*? :*? *9*7 * 9*7 &7*7 &7*7 J:& &' &' M&9: M&9:9* 9* Edito rial QUarK S.r.l. Edito S.r.l. P+ *$! *$!a a+$a +$a ! & !+! ! +!c# c# ! ca! ca!&&a &&a ! &a *b&$ * b&$ca cac$ c$ '!'! a& Sa bEr ElEctro ElEctro ni nica ca a"ge$: (G+* Qa+% SRL) Sa R$ca+ R$ca+ 2072, 2072, Ca *$ *$a& a& F!! F!!+a&, +a&, T!& (11) 4301-8804 M'& (SISA): Ca. Mc!'a 2, C&. Sa. A"!a, Eca!*!c ! M+!&, E. M/$c M/$c,, T!&: T!&: (55) (55) 5839-5077 5839-5077
ARGENTINA Admini" Admi ni"#!a #!aci)n ci)n & Nego Negocio" cio" $** $* *8& 8& C. J&& J&& (G54 !&) S#aff L1&3& $**8& %&11*/4, M&*1& %&11*/4, D*4 %&11*/4 Si"#e Si" #ema" ma":: &1& &1& M&& M&&3& 3& %&1 %&1 Red & Com$ Com$#a #ado do!a" !a":: "&1 "4* "4 *4 4 Video & Animacione": Animacione": F*3&34 F*33*? Lega Le gale" le":: F*3&3 F*3&34 4 F14*8 F14*8 Con#a Con #ad$ d$!(a !(a:: F*3&3 F*3&34 4 D& D& T'cnica & De"a!!ollo de P!o#o#io": P!o#o#io": A1+*4 A&34 F14*8 M'%ico Admini" Admi ni"#!a #!aci)n ci)n & Nego Negocio" cio" &9& ";*4 ";*4, M&&9& ";*4 ";*4 S#aff I3. I8&*1 C*;&39*8 * A3&, I3. L8 A1'*94 C&894 "*&1&4, %94 "&3 ";*4 ";*4, G*43& ";*4 ";*4, J48 L8 &**8 F14*8 A#enci)n al Clien#e A#enci)n Clien#e A1* /&3 /&34 4 %&11* %&11* /4 &9*1*3 &9* 1*3@<* @<*'* '*1* 1*94 943 3& &.4 .4.& .& G!$o Q$a!k SRL #&3 "&4 2072 - C&5 C& 59&1 9&1 F** F**&1 &1 <<<.<* <<< .<*'* '*1* 1*94 943 3& &.4 .4.& .& <<<.<* <<< .<*'* '*1* 1*94 943 3& &.4 .4.= .= <<<.<* <<< .<*'* '*1* 1*94 943 3& &.4 .4.;* .;* G7:54 !:&70 #"L > #&'*7 E1*(97D3(& 34 8* 7*8543 7*8 5438& 8&' '11?& ?& 547 *1 (439* (43 9*3 3)4 )4 )* 1&8 349&8 349&8 +72& +72&)&8. )&8. $4)48 $4)48 148 574):( 574):(948 948 4 2&7(&8 2&7(&8 6:* 8* 2*3(4 2*3 (43&3 3&3 843 & 148 *+*(948 *+*( 948 )* 57*89&7 57*89&7 :3 8*7; 8*7;(4 (4 &1 1*(947, 1*(947, > 34 *3*397&C&3 97& C&3 7*8543 7*85438& 8&' '11)&) )&) )* 3:*897& 3:*897& 5&79*. 5&79*. E89@ E89@ 574 574' ')& )& 1& 7*574 7*574):( ):(-(D3 949&1 949&1 4 5&7(&1 5&7(&1 )*1 2&9* 2&9*7&1 7&1 (439* (439*3 3)4 )4 *3 *89& *89& 7*;8 7*;89&, 9&, &8B (424 (424 1& 3):8 3 ):897& 97&11?& ?&(D3 (D3 >/4 (42*7 (42*7(& (&11?& ?&(D3 (D3 )* 148 &5&7& &5& 7&948 948 4 )*&8 6:* &5&7* &5& 7*(*3 (*3 *3 148 2*3(4 2*3(43& 3&)48 )48 9*=948, 9*=948, '& 4 5*3& 5* 3& )* 8&3(4 8&3(43*8 3*8 1*& 1*&1*8, 1*8, 8&1;4 8&1 ;4 2*)&3 2*)&39* 9* &:94 &:947 7?& ?&(D3 (D3 547 *8(7 *8(794 94 )* 1& E)94 E)947&1. 7&1. C&*& &7 7 * H / / #H. Di"#!ib$ Di"#!i b$ci)n ci)n en Cai Cai#al: #al: C&7 C&* G:*'*7, 3258 - C&. 4301-4942
Di"#!ib$ Di"#!i b$ci)n ci)n en In#e!io!: DI#A, D97':7& I9*7&?& #A, 9*. L: #@*? *& 1836 - C&. 4305-011 4305-0114 4
n(me" de reg#$" de P"!edad i$elec$%al Vge$e: 966 999
"EC$o" $o" AL LEC EC$o" $o" DEL DI"EC
Los 10 Años de LA CoLeCCión CLub sAber eLeCtróniCA Bien, amigos amigos de Saber Saber Electró Electróni nica, ca, nos en- en- contra con tramos mos nueva nuevamen mente te en las pági páginas nas de nues- nues- tra revis revista ta predi predilec lecta ta para para compar compartir tir las nove noveda da- - des del mundo mundo de la electró electróni nica. ca. Y llegamos a 10 años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
Ing. Hora Horacio cio D. Valle Valle jo
C ;M O D ESC ESCArG ArGAr Ar
LOS LO S
LIBrOS
y LO S
CD S S u GE GE rI rI DO DO S E n E ST STA E DICI;n E SPECIAL
Descargue 12 T omos Del club s aber elecTrónica y los 17 cDs Ta& c)') '(c$)(a') ( & Ed$)$a& d a d$c$7(, C*3! S!$0 E*$"0:,'" /(a c)&cc$7( d &$b) d &c7($ca +/ d$a( '(/a&'( dd #ac '4 d 8 a6) +/ aa d$!( 5' &ac$)(ad) c)( &a &c7($ca. Cada )') d& C*3! S!$0 E*$"0:,'" /( &$b) c)( / (') ISBN, "$ad) c)') a&, $'*) ( !)'a) d 0$a *aa abaaa c)), d ')d) +/ &&"/ a& &c) c)( 'a) !ac$&$dad. P) &c) d a d$c$7( *c$a& d Sab E&c7($ca, ad'4 d ( & )') +/ &"$') *aa */b&$ca ( &a $"/$( *4"$(a, Ud. *)d4 dca"a d (/a 1b &) 12 T-+- D$"#- d &) &$') 2 a6), c)( &) c)*)(d$( CD '/&$'d$a. Paa a&$3a &a dca"a d$5%a a 555.5$!$*$"0-,'"."-+.0, #a"a c&$c ( & 5c)() 5-0#, &cc$)( &a ',%-0+"':, 0 *$"-0$ c)&)+/ &a "*4$ c)*)(d$( a& *)d/c) +/ Ud. d +/ ')a') a c)($(/ac$7(.
C0- #$ T$*$'-0$ #$ P*+ LCD 1 C*$: .*+1
E*$"0,'" D'&'* M'"0-"-,0-*#-0$ C*$: 0$,$"#
A+.*'%'"#-0$ #$ A#'C*$: "(#'-
C0- #$ T$*$'-0$ #$ P*+ LCD 2 C*$: *"#2
E*$"0,'" #$* A-+'* 3: OBD II C*$: -!#23
T$*$%-, C$**0 #$ <*'+ G$,$0"', C*4$: "#-1160, "#-1161, "#-1162
C0- #$ T$*$'-0$ #$ P*+ LCD 3 C*$: *"#3
P0-$"- C-+.*$- "-, C'0"'- I+.0$- C*$: .0-"-+.*$
C0- #$ T$*$'-0$ #$ P*+ LCD 4 C*$: .*4
M-,($ #$ I,0+$,* E*$"0,'"C*$: )'',0."
F$,$ C-,+#
P0-&0+"', F8"'* #$ M'"0-"-,0-*#-0$ PICAXE C*$: .'"6$79
C*$: /'$0-%$,$
A r t c u l o
de
t A p A
¿Que Son, Cómo FunCionan
CámaraS 3D realSenSe
r
3D S+e%+ (*e+e&' + (*'(e+a (a*a $a de%'c*a"ac"6& de$ e+"$' de "da de $a "%(*e+"6& 3D, c'& $a d"+('&"b"$"dad "&%ed"aa de ++ a($"cac"'&e+ de c'&+%' %a+"', 3DMe8 Se&+eTM, e& PC+ $a('(+ e)"(ada+ c'& $a C%a*a 3D I&e$8 Rea$Se&+e9. E+a e+ $a (*"%e*a c%a*a "&e*ada )e e e& *e+ d"%e&+"'&e+, $' )e $a !ace &a c'%(a5e*a (e*feca (a*a $a+ a($"cac"'&e+ 3DMe Se&+e. J&' c'& $a ec&'$'a Rea$Se&+e de "&e$, $a+ A((+ 'f*ece& !e**a%"e&a+ de c*eac"6& de c'&e&"d'+ "&%e*+"- '+ e& 3D (a*a +a*"'+ de PC+ de ca$)"e* &"e$. E+a ('de*'+a c'%b"&ac"6& de f&c"'&e+ de ca(*a ed"c"6& 3D fc"$e+ de +a*, fac"- $"a a ca$)"e*a de+de &"5'+ !a+a abe$'+d""a$"a* %'%e&'+ fe$"ce+ e& ca$- )"e* (a*e, c'%(a*"* a&"%ac"'&e+ de f'*%a "&+a&&ea a *a+ de $a+ *ede+ +'c"a$e+ c*ea* +e$f"e+ "%(*e+'+ e& 3DMe.
S abe abe r E lect lect r" r" nica nica
3
Aí taa IntroduccI(n TC< <<J @ I, <@ <@<@ <<J = << < @@ <=<@ < , @ ,U < #<< E, &@ < G G G=< CL=< &= I. TE I, <@ > @< =@L 3D @ @ < = <@<@, @<@ @. A== 3D# =@ &C@ @<@ A D, < @ =<=@ A 17 $<, D I@=< 15 5000 @ D I@=< 23 7000. @ A==@ @ 3D# = < &CQ@ > C 3D I @ <<, H&, A@@, F@ $EC. + @ <= @=<@<@ @ = < ..</@@. 3D#, M A== @ =<, = <@ @<@ <<@ =@@ 3D << @=<, @ =<, < @ =@< << =J. *<< < > @ @ @< =< 3D# =@< @ L, < @ < G<@@@, *, $BA @. <@ <@<@ = @ =@<
F"!$# 1
4
Saber Electr"nica
< @< , <= @ @ =@@ 3D, <=@ @ @ @<@. TE@ <L @ @ < I < 3D, =< <@ @ @ @< 3D L @ <@ <<@ <@ @<@ =< = ,U < A , &@ 3D @@. A== @< 3D @ 3D =< =< <<J J@ C 3D @ I, <<@ = = <<@ 3D <<@ < . C< @ @=@ = L, @ @<@ =@L 3D @L< 15 @<@. *< < A== I=@L C = A< C.<, == @ @ @@ = =@L 3D, @ @ < @ . 3D# @K < <<J @ I = =@ << = @ =@ @ = C<@< << =J@ @ B@ B #<@< @ =. 3D @ =@< @ =@< 3D = <@<, C 3, =< < @ > = I. A@, == L 3D C
cámaas 3d realSense < < @ @ &< 3 << = = <.
roG G771 JM y asus n551JQ <<J @ I < @ @=< << K< <@ =<@ A@@ G G771# A@@ $551'. & < @ K @ @ < @@<@ 3D = < <<J =<= I. < > @ @ <<@ > << 3D = @J =< , =< =<, <@ @ @> > < << ( 1).
aplIcacIones E@ <<J = < <=< . <<@ = @< 3D, @. @ < @ @=@ @< <@ @ = < > <@ @<@ =< < @@ <=<@, < =L<. E@ <<J, > =@
< C I F <@, = <=L == = =@ <=<@ @<@ <=< << = @ <@, = =@ <<<@ < @<@, @ < @ <@ < < ( 2). @ < @ 3D << 2D > = <@ @=<@<@ TU @ > < <@ @ =@<@ <=< =<. <<J F * @ = @ @ 72 =<@ <@<, < > = =@<@ @ , = <@ @<@, @<@ < @ =@<@: <, @, <. * @ =< << =<@ < < . < @< @ < <, > @ @ <@ @ <@ =< , =< T@@U << @L <@ <@ <: < @ T<U = = <@ =@<@. 3D D= C = T@U <<@ > @ @ @ < <@, =< , =< =<, @= <. &< < @ , > @ <<J = <<@ 3D @
F"!$# 2
S abe r E lect r" nica
5
Aí taa
F"!$# 3 > =<=@ =< = @ J =<@<: L =<, 3. T L 3D =< L <<@U, = & *==,
F"!$# 4
6
Saber Electr"nica
@ *<<. A@J, <<J @ =< @ > << = <, = =<<=<@ < =@< 3D. +< =<J @< @@ @J
Aí taa @< T=@U =>K @ ( 4). TE@ <<J @ = @ = < > @. E@ @L L, < L < > @ = . E@ <<J @, < <<@ <@ @<@ =<@@U, L E@ G, = @ <=<@ I C<< , <=KJ > @<L @ <<J. D <, @ <<J = <<@ @ =< =@ <@ <@ @ @<@, << , L, J, @K<, @L< =< < @ @ =<@@ > <@ @ <=<@ <@ =L<@ K<@.
realsense 3d en drones <@ <@ @ << < <@ L<@ <@ =@<@ @@, =< @ < @ @< <@< =< @L L > @ @=< < > @<@ =>K<@ J<@ >J , 5. E <@ ==@ @<@ > @ <=L @ @ =< <@<@ > @<@ =<@ = <@< <, < FAA @<@ <
F"!$# 5
8
Saber Electr"nica
=<. < I L <@L @<<@ CE <<L < A@ *<<@. @ @ @ =J @@ < L<< > <@ <@@ <@<@. #, =< > =<<. F, , @ <@<@ @ <@ < @ K<, > < J< =< < <, > <@ @ @ = <= <=<. D <, J< < I @< @ <<J ( @ J<) > @ M < L< @ =< @ @ @ 3D = @< > @ =<< < @ J =@<. E@@ @, @@ <=< @ @ =< =< =< #<@<, < @@ < A@ *<<@, @ @< < @< =<< << =<@ < < < > <@<@. E@<@ <@ = <@ @@ <, I < =<< > <=< ==L < A@*. M CE A@ *<<@, D G, @ @@ L <@<@ " < @ @ <", @ =< =L =<J
Aí taa
F"!$# 6 < > =<< <@ < @< <@ >, @ @J, < @ <@ =< =<@@ <@<@ <@.
la tecnoloG'a Intel% realsense& F"!$# 5 de a($"cac"'&e+ )e +a& $'+ +e&"d'+ C*eac"6& La '('*&"dad (a*a $'+ de+a**'$$ad'*e+ <=< =@< @ N, R=< > =@< @ < << @ = < @ < @@ <@? R <=< <= @ @< <L? R* <=< @ <, < @ <<@ @ =<J < L <-> @ @ << =< <@ M<@ K<@ @<@ < L< > @ <=<@ @ @, @, @ =@<@. C< > @ , = <@ > > @ >@ = < << < <@ <@<<@. <L @< > <<@ @ <<J IO @P ( 6). E@ <<J <= < =<@ <<@ <L: @ <@, <@<, < << > < @<. 3D I @, > = <= = =< @ << << <, < =<@. @ @@< =< > = <<J I @, SJ @ @< @< <<J. @ @<< @<,
10
Saber Electr"nica
<@ <@ <@ @@: D I @ @ @< @ J @< = @@ =<=@ =<@. < > @ M @: 2014, 3D I @P @ <<@, <<<@, >=<@ 2 1 >=<@ << <.
Desarrolle Eperiencias E I, @<<@ @@< =< < @ 3D @, =< >@ J @@ L<@ @< <@ @<<@ @<. E 2012 2013, < <<J I @ @ < ==, <@ @ J > <= 3D = = @ @ =<@ > @ <<J. A< > >=<@ D, H&, <<, A@@, F@, $EC A < @ 3D @, @ =<@ @ D I @ < = @@@, < > <@ <=< < = <@ @<<@. <@ > <@ =<@<@ @< @ @ =@<@ @ @ @< <L<, =< @< @<@ =@ =< > @<@ @ > <@<<@ < =<@. < =<: R> <@ D I @?
Un Mundo de Aplicaciones Creativas +< @<@ <<@ > <@ < == <<J I @ @ @<@ > @ =-
cámaas 3d realSense
L @ @ = <@ @<<@. $< > @ =< = >@ <<@ @< <@ = @<@ @ =<@. D< @<, <@ @< < <@ <@ =< @ =<@, =< < <@ @<<@ @ =@ @ = < << =. C< @ = L <, = = < @ @ <@
@<@. I @ @ << < <J@ ==@ =<@: <<L @, <@, L , = <@ <@, @< 3D. <@ @ <J@ <@ <<J @ . C<<L @ @ > @ = =<@ > =<@ @ = > . I > @ << < B =< L <<@. C< L <<, = B @ < > =<J > @ <@ < < <<<, < @ @ @< <@ = <=< <. L <<, > @ @ = @ =, @ < =, @ D I @. <@ <@ < < <@ @<@ <<J I @ > > =< @< <<@ @@ @<@ = == < <<<. E M @<< = <<J I @ < <@ @@ << @. = @ <<< = < << @ <@ <@ <@ <@ << * C E<, > = =<< I <@. E << @<@, @@ @<
S abe r E lect r" nica
11
Aí taa
F"!$# 7
, <@ <@ @ = @ = > < = <<@ <@ < @J =@L @ <@ @ << H < , << < IO &= C<= C ( 7). Contar historias interactivamente @L < <@, < < < . C< @< @ , =<<@ =-
F"!$# 8
12
Saber Electr"nica
@<, << << @ =<@; = <, <@ < @< <@ > <@ <@ @< = @<. + =L @ < =<J K < < K. A <=< <@ @ =L, =<<@ > K @<J K, @@ =@<@
cámaas 3d realSense
F"!$# 9
@ < @< TH<U < <<. =>K > < @ =L @ @ =<< < = @ = @ @ @ <<@ <@ @<@ = < <<, 8. C< < = < @<< @< @< <<, =<<@ =@ << <<@ @J << < < > K M. K = @ @ > K M =< < @<@.
F"!$# 10
Interacci"n Natural @ =<@ < L =< << = <@ <@ <@ @. A @ @ =<@@ <<J I @, << @< <@ <@, L =<@ @ <<< , @ = @ < =@L @ <@ <@ <@, @ @<@ @=@ < =<@ 3D =@@ = << @ =<@. < <@ <@: @ < 0,2 1,2 ; =<=<< =<@<@ 3D @ =@ @ =@ <@ <@, = <, > @ = = = << =<@. E 2013, D @< J =<@ <@ <@, =< 2014 D B 22 =<@ @< <@ <@, < < =@L @<L. A@J @ =<@ < <@ @<@ =<@ <
S abe r E lect r" nica
13
Aí taa
F"!$# 11
<< @ @< < @< @ =@ <@ <@ <L @ <@, < < @ <@ @ @ @<@@, 9.
Seguimiento de gestos: 8 =<@@ @@ 6 @<@ <@ > <<@ @<@ @ <@ > @ J = < @<, < 10. C<< =<@ =<@@ @@ =<<@ < <@ =@ @< =, @ > << < < @ @< <.
14
Saber Electr"nica
An!lisis facial: < D I &= C<=, @@ @ L < @< 7 =<@ , <@ <@ <<@, < , < > =J <= <@< =@ < < @ <@<@ <@. E @@ 3D << 2014 < =< @<, < 78 =<@ > , L 3D <, < K <@<. A@J @ =<@ =@ <@<@ < <@ J@ , L <@ @<@ , 11. * = @ << =<@@ , <<-
=@<@ <<@ @ << <<, @<=@ @L, = @<@ =<@ @.
Reconocimiento del habla: =<@ =<@ > @< << < @ @ M < <. A@ = L@ <<, < L < < <@. E <<< @ < =< = << =<@ <@ @ @ @ <@, << <@ @ < * C E<.
capturar y coMpartIr C< D I @, =<=<<<@ = @, <, = <= <<@ =>K<@. F< @J: << I @ 3D, @ = << @=<@< << = <@ 3D. @ @==< << , @ < = = > @ = <=. R' @<<@ = > @@ <@? $< =<. RD@ << 3D > =< ? E@ 100 % =<@. A@, @<@ @< <<J = > <@ @<<@ = <=< @< 3D @@ =<=@ =<@.
proGraMas para desarrolladores: el resto de la oportunIdad H@ < <@ < <@ =@ <=< > < <@ @<<@ <<J I @ 2014: < < D =< <@. H = > @ =<: <@ =<@ > < I = <=@ <@ @<<@, @@ > @@ =<@<@ @<< @ <@<@, @@ =<<@. << @< @
< C< @<@ = D@<<@ *<<J IO @P, M< > @ <@ @<<@ = = @ <<J, @ D, = C I @ = D@<<@, == <=@ << A== C =<@ <@, L <= <@ =<@ 100 % <@. I&e$8 Rea$Se&+e9 A(( C!a$$e&e 2014 e+ $a c'&"&ac"6& de$ +%a%e&e e"'+' 2013 I&e$ Pe*ce(a$ C'%("& C!a$$e&e. E& $a Fa+e de C'&ce(c"6&, a $'+ de+a**'$$ad'*e+ +e $e+ d"' "&f'*- %ac"6& e&e*a$ de$ SDK $a c%a*a 3D de I&e$ Rea$Se&+e a&e+ de$ e&' de $a+ (*'(e+a+ de +'$"c"d (a*a de%'+ e& c"&c' cae'*a+: #e'+, a(*e&d"a#e #e'+ edca"'+, "&e*acc"6& &a- *a$, c'$ab'*ac"6&/c*eac"6& "&%e*+"a e "&&'ac"6& ab"e*a. Se !a& +e$ecc"'&ad' c"e&'+ de f"&a$"+a+ e& e+a fa+e (a*a )e c'&"&7e& !ac"a $a Fa+e de De+a**'$$' de A($"cac"'&e+, e& $a ca$ *ec"b"*& & K" de C%a*a I&e$ Rea$Se&+e (a*a De+a**'$$ad'*e+ e&d*& a(*'"%ada%e&e 10 +e%a&a+ (a*a e*%"&a* + de%'. L'+ f"&a$"+a+ c'%("e& ('* (*e%"'+ )e +%a& USD 1.000.000 e& efec"' '('*&"dade+ de c'%e*c"a$"ac"6&.
BIBlIoGraF'a .@<..< .<.@@.< ..< ..<
S abe r E lect r" nica
15
Aí taa
16
Saber Electr"nica
M on nt ta aj je e D es st ta ac ca aD Do o Mo De
Cómo HaCer Tu ProPio
Jammer Bloqueador de SeñaleS
L
os bloqueadores de tel%fonos celulares se instalan en #onas tranquilas, como las escuelas o las uniersidades, pero... cmo e!actamente este ins- trumento bloquea celulares? Estos instrumentos de bloqueo eitan que los
dispositios miles reciban se'ales de las estaciones base. Si bien es posible que suene como un proceso complicado, hacer tu propio bloqueador de tel%fo- nos no es tan dif&cil. Sin embargo, debes saber que en muchos pa&ses (inclu- "endo los Estados Unidos) son ilegales " est$n sujetos a grandes multas federa-
les, adem$s de procesamientos criminales. Qui%n sabe qu% podr&as interferir...
S abe r E lect r( nica
17
Montaje Destacado IntroduccI.n ' ;=;> ;> @;; >, @>@; = >> @;; > @K . C; @, ;=;> @ @@ ; @;; >. E@; ;@; @> => >, >; @ >@ > ; >@; K @ >@> @K, > ; >@>> @ ;> >; ;; ;@, ; > @> ;K > ;; > ; > ;@>; @@; @>;.
HIstorIa L > >;>K @;; > >; ; **I, > @; ;>, @ @ >;, @ ;; ; ;@ > > > ; ;@>> ; ;. A, >K ; >; ;@> @ >@; ;;> ;> >>K ;@. @> = @;; > K; ; > >K, ; ; > ;@; ;> @>>, ;; >; @ >, @;; @ ;@;, ; >@; @>>@;> @ ;>;, > 1. L; ;@; @>> @;; >, ; @>@ ; >;, ;;
F#"+( 1
18
Saber Electrnica
F>, = ;> > ;@>> > >;@> @>@>. % >>;>; ;>@ > K > = ; @> @>>> ;; @> @ @>>;>@. A; @ >; ; > ; >@; ;;, @;; >;@@. L ; >; @, ;> ; = ; @;, > ;>@ ;@>@ > > ;> ; >@, >; > @; >@; @ >. D @;, ; @; @; >; ;@@ ;> ;, @ > > @>;;@. E E ; ;=;> > (;;; @@ ;; ;> >) @ >; ;> G;>; @>, ; K; @ >@; > > ;>; >@
operacI.n A = ; ;@>; @>>@;> >;, ;=;> @;; >, ; >; > = > ;>. E@; @ @>> > ; ;K @> @;; > @;>> ;; > @> ; @;;. E ;> ; @;; ;> ;>, > >> @ > . L ;> ; @;; >, @ >@ > > >> ;; @;>> (; ;> K >, FDD). L; ;=;> @>>> @K > @;>> ; >. L; ;; =;, ;= @; 800 H 1900 H @>; >; 30 (9 @>;). A, ; ;@; ;>@@ @ > @;; @>;>, @> = ; ;; >;, >, @>>> >@@ @;>>. E >; K ; ;=;> > >> ; ;; ;;, @ K@>; > . E ;=;> &$J-89 @>>> ;; ;> > >; 5 (8 ). E > ; > > @>>> @;>> @;; K,
jammer Bloqueador de señale = @;; K @;>> (@ @K ), = @K @> ;> @ K = @;; K ;> ; ; @ >@ @;>>.3 L; ;=;> @; @ @>> ; ;; @> @;; K K; ; @; @. L; ;; ;, ;; ; ; @> ;=> @;; ; @ @ @; (CDA, DE, G%, @ .), ; ; ;@> ; @;; ;>;, = @ >@ > @ > ; @>>. C;; @;; > ;@ > > @;; K > @;; ;, ; @> K; @> >; ;; E>; ; A> ;>@. % @>;; ; ;> > >; @; ; E@; ';. L; @;; > = ; ;; >K ; >; > > > ; = >. L; ;;@ > : * antena * circitos * fente de alimentaci&n
a&*!&
cado a bloqear la se%al de la red de telefon$a cel- lar (parte del circito sintoni"ador). Amplificaci&n RF (etapa de ganancia)' Amenta el poder de salida de radio frecencia a ni!eles sficientemente altos como para bloqear na se%al.
F+!&*! ! $#%!&*#,& D;@; ;> @>> ; ;> ; . A; ; @;; K @ @>. D;@; >@ > ; @;;>>@ @> ; ;@; @ @>; ;. E @; ;=; >> @ @;> ;; >; @;>>, ; @>;> >; > >, > ; , ; @>@> ;>@@. H >;; = ;=;> >@ ; >@>> ;@; ;@; ; ;; >;. % >;, ;; ; @;; K, ;> ; ;@; ; ; ;> ;@ @ (< 1) > @> => >;.
pasos para la construccI.n de un Jammer
C ;@; @>> @ @ > > . A; @ @>; >>; @>;. E ;@; >@, @ ; @> > >;;>;> ;> @> > . A; ;@; > > = @; > @> @> >@ >; ;> ; >@; >.
1. C;> ; >; ;@;, > 2. E@ ;=;> > ;> ; > G%800, = ;> ; @;; K @ > ;>>. E C" ;; ;;> >>;, @; >; >@> ;@>> > ; >@ = ; ; =; > > $F. C;; @ >; > ;;> >; 45H, >@; ;;> ; ; ;> ->@;. c#(+#*') L; > ;;@ @>K; & > @K ;=;> ;: > = ;;> ; ;> . % > > ; Oscilador !oltaje-controlado ' Genera la se%al ;;> >@; ;>. de radio qe interfiere con la se%al del tel#fono L @> $F (= >@; cellar. ;>) ;@ >> @ > Circito de sintoni"aci&n ' Controla la frecen- 800H, $F cia en qe el bloqeador transmite s se%al, ;> ->@;. E@ ;> >en!iando na !oltaje particlar para el oscilador. @ ;@ 15-16 . L;, Generador de rido ' Prodce salida elec- @ tr&nica al a"ar en n rango de frecencia especifi- >.
S abe r E lect r( nica
19
Montaje Destacado F#"+( 2
2- & @ K; ;. > 3. &;; ; @;; > = G%800 > > 45H > @>@ >. A = ; @;; K @@ >, N ;= ;> >; =
F#"+( 3
20
Saber Electrnica
>>! M; ? A = ; >;@; @;; @ >>@, ;=;> > = ;> >; ; >. #;> >@;, @ > @ ;=;> > > ;=> => @ >@>; ; > = @ G#% > >@>> >@>> ; ;@; @ @;K. + >;@ ;=> ; >@@; ;; >;; = @; ; @;; >. E ;> = @ @ ; > @>> @ 600 H, >; @ ; ; . E ;> $F @@ @>; = ; ;@ ;.
F#"+( 4
4- C;:1/@ 8;? /;:1/@;>1? $F 8 />/A@;, 23A> 5. 5- ' @> ;@; >;> ;@ > @> @;; ; ;;@. C;; @> @>; > >@; ; ;;@ @ ;. C;; @>>@;> ; ; >@ >>. 6- A@;> @ @> (@ ; > ;@;>;) ; ;@;> 'HF.
F#"+( 5
7- & ;=;> > @ @;. D @> @ = @>@ >@; = ; ;;@ = ; $F @ > ;> ; >=> = @;> @; ; ;> ;;@ @ @;. %;> > ; @; > ;; >@; = >@; ; ;.
el cIrcuIto
3- ' ; ;; >; > ;=;> ; ;@;> ; 'HF > ;@;>; > @> , > 4. # > => ;@;> > @ .
D >, ; @ @@;> > ;@>> @ >;; ;> >; > @;; K ; >; ;;> 45H > >> >; @>; ; @ G%800 , ; ;=> K ; ;@ 1516 B (; ; @ $F).
S abe r E lect r( nica
21
Montaje Destacado
' = @@ ;, @ ;; > > 6.
la ley L; ;@; ;> > K; > ; ;> F> C>; %> A@>; # @;>, ;> ; =, @, @;; =; = @ @; > @ K, @;>K > %>@> E@; &;;, @> > K @, ; >, ;, > , ;>>;@ > ;;> ;> >@ ;>; ;@@.
BIBlIograF-a @@://..;> .>.; . @.. .;.;>
22
Saber Electrnica
E lEctrónica E i nformática
Pericias
y
rastreos
Delitos informáticos
U
n deli#o info!m*#ico o cibe!deli#o e #oda a$ella accin an#ij$!+dica c$lpable, $e e da po! %+a info!m*#ica o $e #iene como obje#i%o de#!$i! daa! comp$#ado!a, medio elec#!nico !ede de
In#e!ne#. Debido a $e la info!m*#ica e m$e%e m* !*pido $e la legilacin,
e'i#en cond$c#a c!iminale po! %+a info!m*#ica $e no p$eden conide!a!e como deli#o, egn la "Teo!+a del deli#o", po! lo c$al e definen como ab$o info!m*#ico (lo #ipo penale #!adicionale !e$l#an en m$cho pa+e inade- c$ado pa!a enc$ad!a! la n$e%a fo!ma delic#i%a), pa!#e de la c!iminalidad info!m*#ica. La c!iminalidad info!m*#ica coni#e en la !ealiacin de $n #ipo de ac#i%idade $e, !e$niendo lo !e$ii#o $e delimi#an el concep#o de deli#o, ean lle%ado acabo $#iliando $n elemen#o info!m*#ico.
S abe ! E lec# !- nica
23
Electrónca informátca IntroduccIn
%' '%% &' '% % = % >% ' . L *?' %% %'- C % % +%%' = I, % '% : *?' % ? *' = *'%. (a) Se c$"ee# "edia#e e! *$ de c$"%*ad$- L% O+%>%' N%' #% '' 'a, ie"a i#f$'"0ic$ * $'$ di%$ii+$ de + *?': c$"*#icaci# (!a i#f$'"0ica e e! "edi$ $ i#'*- "e#$ %a'a 'ea!i/a' *# de!i$); $ 1. F'a*de c$"eid$ "edia#e "a#i%*!aci# (b) Tie#e# %$' $bje$ ca*a' da$, %'$+$ca' de c$"%*ad$'a. %'dida $ i"%edi' e! *$ de ie"a i#f$'"0ic$ 2. Ma#i%*!aci# de da$ de e#'ada. (de!i$ i#f$'"0ic$). 3. Da$ $ "$dificaci$#e de %'$g'a"a $ da$ c$"%*a'i/ad$. L %&@ '' ' C& ' B%% @> %' '%% % E< = & % '' % % % % +% % ' '+% '%% ' * ('' *%', % ' % ' = %' %') % ''% %'%, %'% = '- ' % %% < %& % % '%% ' '% % % '%% ' * ('' ') J @>, ' % '% D' I*?' , 3 ', M'G%;-H, '+%. 2004, M@<', ?+%163. #% % %'' +% '% % M'% *%' %%'%% *?' %%% % %' %% ' %', ' % &% '- = %, %+ % <% %' %%, '% % " % *?'% ? % % +% % %%, % %% %'%% < @ *%& ''. % %+% ' % *% %'% L% '%% *?'% %'%' '". #% '%% *'% %% % '' %= = ' %'% ' ', % '%% '*%, &, '%%, *%*'%' = % %- % ' % % ,
24
Sabe! Elec#!nica
Deltos informátcos '% %+% ' < % '%' &=%' % % %'%, ' '% %', '% ' % "**%" %%% %% %% %'% %*% % ? &, +% %'' % % % &% % +'%, = &%? %+ +% % '% %'%.
crImenes Inform8tIcos L% '%% *?'% '= % %% %% *?'. E * %%>% +:
cr9menes espec9fIcos: s-0#: I'% "'" = &'% ' ' (% ?%) +%% *%' %%'% %. ! % ' '% ? *' = %= +%% ?& *?'.
p'.0#. ',$-.+0'! L% %% *?'% ' % %' +% ' %. !+ % *' %' 51 &% ADPIC (A' & %' D' P% I'%) %% "'%% % ' %". L% %% % % %% '' @''% (% % % +%*%-'' &% +% '=% %%'% % ' % %@'%), '% % %&%' % '% % % +%, ' % ' %'% %% %. E< %% '= ' %% *?'% % %&:
1. I#f$'"0ica c$"$ $bje$ de! de!i$. Ea caeg$'a i#c!*e %$' eje"%!$ e! ab$aje i#f$'- "0ic$, !a %i'ae'a i#f$'"0ica, e! hace$, e! c'ace$ e! DDNS (De#egaci# de e'+ici$ de #$"b'e de d$"i#i$). 2. I#f$'"0ica c$"$ "edi$ de! de!i$. De#'$ de ee g'*%$ e e#c*e#'a !a fa!ificaci# de d$c- *"e#$ e!ec'#ic$, caje'$ a*$"0ic$ a'jea de c'di$, '$b$ de ide#idad, %h'eai#g, f'a*de 1. El h$!#o de #iempo de m*$ina: ' e!ec'#ic$ %$'#$g'afa i#fa#i!. '% %>%', =
S abe ! E lec# !- nica
25
Electrónca informátca % % %' ' >% &% ' % % %&%% %>% % % %' *?'% % , >?% %% ' '% ' %% *% %.
2. La ap!opiacin o h$!#o de of#&a!e da#o: '% %'' % '% % % % %, % %' *?', % % '' '% '% '%, %% + +%% ' .
H!#-: E @ %' * +*'%. !+ ''% %': 1) e $d$ i#di+id*$ &*e e dedica a %'$g'a- "a' de f$'"a e#*iaa, $ ea *# e%e'$ e#*i- aa de c*a!&*ie' i%$, &*e c$#ide'a &*e %$#e' !a i#f$'"aci# f'%1. 3 a! a!ca#ce de $d$ c$#i*e *# e'a$'di#a'i$ bie#. 2) De ac*e'd$ a E'ic Ra"$#d e! "$i+$ %'i#- ci%a! &*e ie#e# ea %e'$#a %a'a c'ea' $fa'e e# * ie"%$ !ib'e, de%* di'ib*i'!$ de "a#- e'a g'a*ia, e e! de e' 'ec$#$cid$ %$' * ig*a!e. 3) E! '"i#$ hace' #ace e# !a eg*#da "iad de! ig!$ XX * $'ige# e0 !igad$ c$# !$ c!*be !ab$'a$'i$ de! MIT.
c.!#-: ! '% '%' % % +% % % % *' &% *%' % &% % % % +%, ' % *%-
f'%1. 4
26
Sabe! Elec#!nica
% % *'% % %.
ddns (d#,#%!'7, "# /#.2'!'-/ "# ,-+.#/ "# "-+','-): E% % % %% %'+. I'% %' % *'% % %% '+ ;& % +, +% %% +%? =% % +% % ' & % ?+% ;&, ? % % +% (+ = ''% % %'). D'% %' <'% % *% '% %'' % % ?+% ;&: & +% ' %% +% % ;&, '% ? <% % %, +% '% % ', '% >%, *'% ' % %@ % &% '&% & ( = '). P &, % '%% +% % % '&% & *% %+ . P % +%' & , +% ''% % % I % % ?+%, % + % '' IP <%'%, ' %% % %% '.
f*/'$'!!'7, "# "-!1+#,0- #*#!0.7,'!-: E '% '% *%' '% %+@' ?& %% % %+, % % % '%-*%'' % ' < % %' %. %&@ +&% ' *%*'%' '% %%' ' ''.
A+ : % *%'% *%%, %% ' % <, % % '% &%'%% + + % % '%, %' %%' % % '% %' &%%'.
c#.-/ 10-+0'!-/ 0.#0/ "# !."'0-: C'% % % '% +% % '% %?', >% % %% %+@'% &%%, % '% %% %'' % % '% ' *.
r-- "# '"#,0'"": L+ & % % , ' % %>% %' %% ' '%, *+ % % % % <% *%' &. E'%% ' %*%. ! %'% %' '% % % '' % % % ' &% % % % %'', ' < %% +% % *+% %'%& % %' ' *%.
p&.#',%: E % +% ? %+% % '&, ' +% % ''%' %% %>% %%% *'% % %+% %'% >% % '% %%. % % %% % %'+.
f.1"#/ #*#!0.7,'!-/: ! %%+% %*', % %% ' % %%, = % %% %>% % %*%. D % *%, ' '' % %&% ' % %% %% '@, % % ''% % +%% % %. +? % % % %'' % % %, +% % *'% *;% %% % *'.
p-.,-%.$ ',$,0'*: ! '% ' %& %=
'% %. E< % ''% % *'%: 1. !a %'$d*cci# de %$'#$g'afa i#fa#i! c$# !a i#e#ci# de dif*#di'!a a 'a+ de *# ie"a i#f$'- "0ic$; 2. e! $f'eci"ie#$ $ !a %*ea a di%$ici# de %$'#$g'afa i#fa#i! a 'a+ de *# ie"a i#f$'- "0ic$; 3. !a dif*i# $ !a 'a#"ii# de %$'#$g'afa i#fa#i! a 'a+ de *# ie"a i#f$'"0ic$; 4. e! hech$ de %'$c*'a'e $ de %'$c*'a' a $'$ %$'#$g'afa i#fa#i! a 'a+ de *# ie"a i#f$'- "0ic$; 5. !a %$ei# de %$'#$g'afa i#fa#i! e# *# ie"a i#f$'"0ic$ $ e# *# "edi$ de a!"ace- #a"ie#$ de da$ i#f$'"0ic$. E % &>% * % +% % % +%*% *% +% ' %*'% , % '% '%% &% '% = ''. ! A' = P% M'% % % ' *?' '% '%%''% '*'% % ' % %&% %% % % *?' % %>%' %% %&% *%'% %'' % *%' '%?' &. E %+ '% % %' *?' ''% %'% ' '%, = % ' %' '' % % %, '' %&% ' '%. M' " *?'" '%% '' " ' &%'", @ ' % > '+ % E; !% 1943. E% '%+% : 1) e! *je$ aci+$ de! de!i$ ea *#a %e'$#a de cie'$ ea* $ci$ec$#"ic$; 2) * c$"ii# #$ %*eda e%!ica'e %$' fa!a
S abe ! E lec# !- nica
27
Electrónca informátca de "edi$ ec$#"ic$, ca'e#cia de 'ec'eaci#, %$ca ed*caci#, %$ca i#e!ige#cia, #i %$' i#eabi!i- dad e"$ci$#a!. S$# i#di+id*$ c$# *#a g'a# e%e- cia!i/aci# e# i#f$'"0ica, &*e c$#$ce# "* bie# !a %a'ic*!a'idade de !a %'$g'a"aci# de i- e"a c$"%*a'i/ad$, de f$'"a a! &*e !$g'a# *# "a#ej$ "* $!+e#e de !a he''a"ie#a #ece- a'ia %a'a +i$!a' !a eg*'idad de *# ie"a a*$"ai/ad$.
%%>% *%', +% ''% % % <. $'% '% % *'% '% %=% %&' % '< % I (=% % '% %% %% %% % ''%), % '< '%%, *% '% ' % *?' %% %% %. P%% % %& ' % % %*'% E % '% *- %=% % %' ?' , ' '- %, % %&% %% '%, +% %%, '. ' % ' *?'.
regulacIn por pa9ses Argentina
La A+ge%-%a ,a%c'%( e# de ".%' de# K #a Le2 8KK ?)+'$.#gada de hech' e# de ".%' de K@ *.e $'dfca e# C(dg' Pe%a# a f% de %c'+)'+a+ a# $,$' d0e+,', de#-', %f'+$á-c',5 -a#e, c'$' #a d,-+b.c(% 2 -e%e%ca c'% f%e, de d,-+b.c(% de )'+%'g+af!a %fa%-#5 0'#ac(% de c'++e' e#ec-+(%c'5 acce,' #eg!-$' a ,,< -e$a, %f'+$á-c',5 da&' %f'+$á-c' 2 d,-+b.c(% de 0+.,5 da&' %f'+$á-c' ag+a0ad' e %-e++.)c(% de c'$.< %cac'%e,8 Definiciones inculadas a la informática
E% e# %.e0' '+de%a$e%-' ,e e,-ab#ece *.e e# -é+$%' d'c.$e%-' c'$)+e%de -'da +e)+e,e%-ac(% de ac-', ' hech',5 c'% %de)e%de%ca de# ,')'+-e .-#3ad' )a+a ,. f"ac(%5 a#$ace%a$e%-'5 a+ch0' ' -+a%,$,(% ?a+-!c.#' de# C(dg' Pe%a#@8 L', -é+$%', f+$a 2 ,.,c+)c(% c'$)+e%de% #a f+$a dg-a#5 #a c+eac(% de .%a f+$a dg-a# ' f+$a+ dg< -a#$e%-e ?a+-!c.#' de# C(dg' Pe%a#@8 L', -é+$%', %,-+.$e%-' )+0ad' 2 ce+-fcad' c'$)+e%de% e# d'c.$e%-' dg-a# f+$ad' dg-a#$e%-e ?a+-!c.#' de# C(dg' Pe%a#@8 Delitos contra menores
E% e# %.e0' '+de%a$e%-' )a,a% a ,e+ c'%,de+ad', de#-', #', ,g.e%-e, hech', 0%c.#ad', a #a %f'+$á-ca7
f'%1. 5
28
Sabe! Elec#!nica
> A+-!c.#' K7 Se+á +e)+$d' c'% )+,(% de ,e, ?@ $e,e, a c.a-+' ?@ a&', e# *.e )+'d.3ca5 f%a%ce5 'f+e3ca5 c'$e+ca#ce5 ).b#*.e5 fac#-e5 d0.#g.e ' d,-+b.2a5 )'+ c.a#*.e+ $ed'5 -'da +e)+e,e%-ac(% de .% $e%'+ de dec'ch' ?K@ a&', dedcad' a ac-0dade, ,e1.a#e, e1)#!c-a, ' -'da +e)+e,e%-ac(% de ,., )a+-e, ge%< -a#e, c'% f%e, )+ed'$%a%-e$e%-e ,e1.a#e,5 a# g.a# *.e e# *.e '+ga%3a+e e,)ec-ác.#', e% 00' de +e)+e,e%-a< c'%e, ,e1.a#e, e1)#!c-a, e% *.e )a+-c)a+e% dch', $e%'+e,8 Se+á +e)+$d' c'% )+,(% de c.a-+' ?@ $e,e, a d', ?@ a&', e# *.e -.0e+e e% ,. )'de+ +e)+e,e%-ac'%e, de #a, de,c+)-a, e% e# )á++af' a%-e+'+ c'% f%e, %e*.!0'c', de d,-+b.c(% ' c'$e+ca#3ac(%8 Se+á +e)+$d' c'% )+,(% de .% ?@ $e, a -+e, ?@ a&', e# *.e fac#-a+e e# acce,' a e,)ec-ác.#', )'+%'g+áfc', ' ,.$%,-+a+e $a-e+a# )'+%'g+áfc' a $e%'+e, de ca-'+ce ?@ a&',8 Protección de la priacidad
> A+-!c.#' H7 Se+á +e)+$d' c'% )+,(% de *.%ce ?H@ d!a, a ,e, ?@ $e,e, e# *.e ab+e+e ' accede+e %debda$e%-e a .%a c'$.%cac(% e#ec-+(%ca5 .%a ca+-a5 .% )#eg' ce++ad'5 .% de,)ach' -e#eg+áfc'5 -e#ef(%c' ' de '-+a %a-.+a#e3a5 *.e %' #e e,-é d+gd'6 ' ,e a)'de+a+e %debda$e%-e de .%a c'$.%cac(% e#ec-+(%ca5 .%a ca+-a5 .% )#eg'5 .% de,)ach' . '-+' )a)e# )+0ad'5 a.%*.e %' e,-é ce++ad'6 ' %debda$e%-e ,.)+$e+e ' de,0a+e de ,. de,-%' .%a c'++e,)'%de%ca ' .%a c'$.%cac(% e#ec-+(%ca *.e %' #e e,-é d+gda8 E% #a $,$a )e%a %c.+++á e# *.e %debda$e%-e %-e+ce)-a+e ' ca)-a+e c'$.%cac'%e, e#ec-+(%ca, ' -e#ec'< $.%cac'%e, )+'0e%e%-e, de c.a#*.e+ ,,-e$a de ca+ác-e+ )+0ad' ' de acce,' +e,-+%gd'8 La )e%a ,e+á de )+,(% de .% ?@ $e, a .% ?@ a&'5 , e# a.-'+ ade$á, c'$.%ca+e a '-+' ' ).b#ca+e e# c'%< -e%d' de #a ca+-a5 e,c+-'5 de,)ach' ' c'$.%cac(% e#ec-+(%ca8 S e# hech' #' c'$e-e+e .% f.%c'%a+' )/b#c' *.e ab.,a+e de ,., f.%c'%e,5 ,.f++á ade$á,5 %hab#-ac(% e,)eca# )'+ e# d'b#e de# -e$)' de #a c'%de%a8 > A+-!c.#' H b,7 Se+á +e)+$d' c'% )+,(% de *.%ce ?H@ d!a, a ,e, ?@ $e,e,5 , %' +e,.#-a+e .% de#-' $á, ,e0e+a$e%-e )e%ad'5 e# *.e a ,abe%da, accede+e )'+ c.a#*.e+ $ed'5 ,% #a debda a.-'+3ac(% ' e1ced< e%d' #a *.e )',ea5 a .% ,,-e$a ' da-' %f'+$á-c' de acce,' +e,-+%gd'8 La )e%a ,e+á de .% ?@ $e, a .% ?@ a&' de )+,(% c.a%d' e# acce,' f.e,e e% )e+".c' de .% ,,-e$a ' da-' %f'+$á-c' de .% '+ga%,$' )/b#c' e,-a-a# ' de .% )+'0eed'+ de ,e+0c', )/b#c', ' de ,e+0c', f%a%ce+',8 > A+-!c.#' HH7 Se+á +e)+$d' c'% $.#-a de )e,', .% $# *.%e%-', ? 8H@ a )e,', ce% $# ? 8@5 e# *.e ha##á%d',e e% )',e,(% de .%a c'++e,)'%de%ca5 .%a c'$.%cac(% e#ec-+(%ca5 .% )#eg' ce++ad'5 .% de,)a< ch' -e#eg+áfc'5 -e#ef(%c' ' de '-+a %a-.+a#e3a5 %' de,-%ad', a #a ).b#cdad5 #', hce+e ).b#ca+ %debda$e%-e5 , e# hech' ca.,a+e ' ).de+e ca.,a+ )e+".c', a -e+ce+',8 E,-á e1e%-' de +e,)'%,ab#dad )e%a# e# *.e h.be+e 'b+ad' c'% e# )+')(,-' %e*.!0'c' de )+'-ege+ .% %-e+é, )/b#c'8 > A+-!c.#' H7 Se+á +e)+$d' c'% )+,(% de .% ?@ $e, a d', ?@ a&', e %hab#-ac(% e,)eca# de .% ?@ a c.a-+' ?@ a&',5 e# f.%c'%a+' )/b#c' *.e +e0e#a+e hech',5 ac-.ac'%e,5 d'c.$e%-', ' da-',5 *.e )'+ #e2 debe% ,e+ ,ec+e-',8 > A+-!c.#' H b,7 Se+á +e)+$d' c'% #a )e%a de )+,(% de .% ?@ $e, a d', ?@ a&', e# *.e7 8 A ,abe%da, e #eg!-$a$e%-e5 ' 0'#a%d' ,,-e$a, de c'%fde%ca#dad 2 ,eg.+dad de da-',5 accede+e5 de c.a#*.e+ f'+$a5 a .% ba%c' de da-', )e+,'%a#e,6 8 I#eg!-$a$e%-e )+')'+c'%a+e ' +e0e#a+e a '-+' %f'+$ac(% +eg,-+ada e% .% a+ch0' ' e% .% ba%c' de da-', )e+,'%a#e, c.2' ,ec+e-' e,-.0e+e 'b#gad' a )+e,e+0a+ )'+ d,)',c(% de #a #e28 8 I#eg!-$a$e%-e %,e+-a+e ' hce+e %,e+-a+ da-', e% .% a+ch0' de da-', )e+,'%a#e,8 C.a%d' e# a.-'+ ,ea f.%c'%a+' )/b#c' ,.f++á5 ade$á,5 )e%a de %hab#-ac(% e,)eca# de .% ?D@ a c.a-+' ?G@ a&',8 Delitos contra la propiedad
> A+-!c.#' %c,' 7 ?I%c.++e e% e# de#-' de def+a.dac(%@888E# *.e def+a.da+e a '-+' $eda%-e c.a#*.e+ -éc%ca de $a%).#ac(% %f'+$á-ca *.e a#-e+e e# %'+$a# f.%c'%a$e%-' de .% ,,-e$a %f'+$á-c' ' #a -+a%,< $,(% de da-',8 > A+-!c.#' K de# C(dg' Pe%a#7 ?I%c.++e e% e# de#-' de da&'@888E% #a $,$a )e%a %c.+++á e# *.e a#-e+a+e5 de,-+.2e+e ' %.-#3a+e da-',5 d'c.$e%-',5 )+'g+a$a, ' ,,-e$a, %f'+$á-c',6 ' 0e%de+e5 d,-+b.2e+e5 hce+e c+c.#a+ ' %-+'d."e+e e% .% ,,-e$a %f'+$á-c'5 c.a#*.e+ )+'g+a$a de,-%ad' a ca.,a+ da&',8
S abe ! E lec# !- nica
29
Electrónca informátca > A+-!c.#' K de# C(dg' Pe%a#7 ?E#e0a #a )e%a a -+e, ?@ $e,e, a c.a-+' ?@ a&', de )+,(%5 , $eda+e c.a#*.e+a de #a, c+c.%,-a%ca, ,g.e%-e,@7 I%c,' H7 E"ec.-a+#' e% a+ch0',5 +eg,-+',5 bb#'-eca,5 $.,e', ' e% ).e%-e,5 ca$%',5 )a,e', . '-+', be%e, de .,' )/b#c'6 ' e% -.$ba,5 ,g%', c'%$e$'+a-0',5 $'%.$e%-',5 e,-a-.a,5 c.ad+', . '-+', 'b"e-', de a+-e c'#'ca< d', e% edfc', ' #.ga+e, )/b#c',6 ' e% da-',5 d'c.$e%-',5 )+'g+a$a, ' ,,-e$a, %f'+$á-c', )/b#c',6 I%c,' 7 E"ec.-a+#' e% ,,-e$a, %f'+$á-c', de,-%ad', a #a )+e,-ac(% de ,e+0c', de ,a#.d5 de c'$.%ca< c'%e,5 de )+'0,(% ' -+a%,)'+-e de e%e+g!a5 de $ed', de -+a%,)'+-e . '-+' ,e+0c' )/b#c'8 Delitos contra las comunicaciones
A+-!c.#' 7 Se+á +e)+$d' c'% )+,(% de ,e, ?@ $e,e, a d', ?@ a&',5 e# *.e %-e++.$)e+e ' e%-'+)ece+e #a c'$.%cac(% -e#eg+áfca5 -e#ef(%ca ' de '-+a %a-.+a#e3a ' +e,,-e+e 0'#e%-a$e%-e e# +e,-ab#ec$e%-' de #a c'$.%cac(% f'%1. 6 %-e++.$)da8 Delitos contra la administración de justicia
A+-!c.#' HH7 Se+á +e)+$d' c'% )+,(% de .% ?@ $e, a c.a-+' ?@ a&',5 e# *.e ,.,-+a"e+e5 a#-e+a+e5 'c.#-a+e5 de,-+.2e+e ' %.-#3a+e e% -'d' ' e% )a+-e 'b"e-', de,-%ad', a ,e+0+ de )+.eba a%-e #a a.-'+dad c'$)e-e%-e5 +eg,-+', ' d'c.$e%-', c'%fad', a #a c.,-'da de .% f.%c'%a+' )/b#c' ' de '-+a )e+,'%a e% e# %-e+é, de# ,e+0< c' )/b#c'8 S e# a.-'+ f.e+e e# $,$' de)',-a+'5 ,.f++á ade$á, %hab#-ac(% e,)eca# )'+ d'b#e -e$)'8 S e# hech' ,e c'$e-e+e )'+ $)+.de%ca ' %eg#ge%ca de# de)',-a+'5 é,-e ,e+á +e)+$d' c'% $.#-a de )e,', ,e-ece%-', c%c.e%-a ? H@ a )e,', d'ce $# *.%e%-', ? 8H@8 Delito sobre los Sistemas Informáticos
f'%1. 5 E# H de %'0e$b+e de 5 #a F,ca#!a Ge%e+a# de #a CABA dc-( #a Re,'#.c(% H;5 a -+a0é, de #a c.a#5 c+e( c'$' )+.eba )#'-' )'+ e# -é+$%' de .% a&'5 e# E*.)' F,ca# E,)eca#3ad' e% De#-', 2 C'%-+a0e%c'%e, I%f'+$á-ca,5 *.e ac-/a c'% c'$)e-e%ca /%ca e% -'da #a C.dad A.-(%'$a de B.e%', A+e,5 c'% e# f% de %0e,-< ga+ #', de#-', %f'+$á-c', )+')a$e%-e dch',5 2 a*.e##', *.e ,e c'$e-e% a -+a0é, de %-e+%e- *.e )'+ ,. c'$< )#e"dad e% #a %0e,-gac(% ' ,. dfc.#-ad e% %d0d.a#3a+ a #', a.-'+e,5 $e+ece% .% -+a-a$e%-' e,)eca#3ad'8 E1,-e% dfe+e%-e, de#-', %f'+$á-c', e% #', *.e e, 'b"e-' e# ,,-e$a %f'+$á-c'5 -a#e, c'$' De#-' de Da&'7 La #e2 KK %c'+)'+a c'$' ,eg.%d' )á++af' de# a+-!c.#' K7 9E% #a $,$a )e%a %c.+++á e# *.e a#-e+a+e5 de,-+.2e+e ' %.-#3a+e da-',5 d'c.$e%-',5 )+'g+a$a, ' ,,-e$a, %f'+$á-c',5 ' 0e%de+e5 d,-+b.2e+e5 hce+e c+c.#a+ ' %-+'d."e+e e% .% ,,-e$a %f'+$á-c'5 c.a#*.e+ )+'g+a$a de,-%ad' a ca.,a+ da&'8 Delito Agravado7 La #e2 KK ag+ega d', %.e0a, ag+a0a%-e, a# a+-!c.#' K CP7 H@ 9e"ec.-a+#' e% a+ch0',5 +eg<
,-+',5 bb#'-eca,5 8888' e% da-',5 d'c.$e%-',5 )+'g+a$a, ' ,,-e$a, %f'+$á-c', )/b#c',:6 @ 9e"ec.-a+#' e% ,,< -e$a, %f'+$á-c', de,-%ad', a #a )+e,-ac(% de ,e+0c', de ,a#.d5 de c'$.%cac'%e,5 de )+'0,(% ' -+a%,)'+-e de e%e+g!a5 de $ed', de -+a%,)'+-e . '-+' ,e+0c' )/b#c':8
Urugua"
E# E,-ad' .+.g.a2' a)+'b( e% e# a&' #a #e2 N4 K8 de%'$%ada EXPEDIENTE ELECTRÓNICO c.2' /%c' a+-!c.#' a.-'+3a e# .,' de e1)ede%-e e#ec-+(%c'5 de d'c.$e%-' e#ec-+(%c'5 c#a0e %f'+$á-ca ,$)#e5 f+$a e#ec< -+(%ca5 f+$a dg-a# 2 d'$c#' e#ec-+(%c' c'%,--.d' e% -'d', #', )+'ce,', ".dca#e, 2 ad$%,-+a-0', *.e ,e -+a$-a% a%-e e# P'de+ J.dca#5 c'% dé%-ca efcaca ".+!dca 2 0a#'+ )+'ba-'+' *.e ,., e*.0a#e%-e, c'%0e%< c'%a#e,8 Se hace +efe+e%ca a e,-a #e2 )'+*.e e, e0de%-e *.e ,e+á de a$)#' -+a-a$e%-' )a+a e# ca,' de #', de#< -', %f'+$á-c',5 ).e,-' *.e #a, c'%d.c-a, *.e a.-'+3a ).ede% ,e+ 'b"e-' de .% cbe+de#-'8 L', de#-', %f'+$á-c', %' ,'% de -+a-a$e%-' e,)ec!fc' )'+ #a #eg,#ac(% .+.g.a2a5 ).e,-' *.e %' e1,-e .%a #e2 de #!c-', %f'+$á-c', ?%' ).ede habe+ de#-' ,% #e2 )+e0a5 e,-+c-a 2 e,c+-a *.e #' de-e+$%e < )+%c)' de #ega#dad<@5 % -a$)'c' .% -!-.#' e,)ec!fc' +e#a-0' a #', $,$', e% e# C(dg' Pe%a# .+.g.a2'8 Se -+a-a+á de '-'+< ga+ .%a 0e3 $á,5 #a )a+-c)ac(% *.e a# De+ech' Pe%a# c'++e,)'%de de%-+' de# '+de%a$e%-' ".+!dc'5 c'$' /#-$'
30
Sabe! Elec#!nica
Deltos informátcos +e$ed' a #a, c'%d.c-a, ,'ca#$e%-e %,')'+-ab#e,5 *.e %' ).ede% ,e+ ,'#.c'%ada, )'+ #a a)#cac(% de '-+' )+'0e$e%-' ".+!dc' *.e %' ,e #a a)#cac(% de #a ,a%c(% $á, g+a0',a de -'d' e# ,,-e$a8
Colombia
E% C'#'$ba e# H de e%e+' de 5 e# C'%g+e,' de #a Re)/b#ca de C'#'$ba )+'$.#g( #a Le2 9P'+ $ed' de# c.a# ,e $'dfca e# C(dg' Pe%a#5 ,e c+ea .% %.e0' be% ".+!dc' -.-e#ad' =de%'$%ad' 9De #a P+'-ecc(% de #a %f'+$ac(% 2 de #', da-',:< 2 ,e )+e,e+0a% %-eg+a#$e%-e #', ,,-e$a, *.e .-#ce% #a, -ec%'#'g!a, de #a %f'+$a< c(% 2 #a, c'$.%cac'%e,5 e%-+e '-+a, d,)',c'%e,:8 Dcha #e2 -)fc( c'$' de#-', .%a ,e+e de c'%d.c-a, +e#ac'%ada, c'% e# $a%e"' de da-', )e+,'%a#e,5 )'+ #' *.e e, de g+a% $)'+-a%ca *.e #a, e$)+e,a, ,e b#%de% ".+!dca$e%-e )a+a e0-a+ %c.+++ e% a#g.%' de e,-', -)', )e%a#e,8 N' ha2 *.e '#0da+ *.e #', a0a%ce, -ec%'#(gc', 2 e# e$)#e' de #', $,$', )a+a a)+')a+,e #!c-a$e%-e de# )a-< +$'%' de -e+ce+', a -+a0é, de c#'%ac(% de -a+"e-a, ba%ca+a,5 0.#%e+ac(% 2 a#-e+ac(% de #', ,,-e$a, de c($< ).-' )a+a +ecb+ ,e+0c', 2 -+a%,fe+e%ca, e#ec-+(%ca, de f'%d', $eda%-e $a%).#ac(% de )+'g+a$a, 2 afec-ac(% de #', ca"e+', a.-'$á-c',5 e%-+e '-+a,5 ,'% c'%d.c-a, cada 0e3 $á, .,.a#e, e% -'da, )a+-e, de# $.%d'8 Seg/% e,-ad!,-ca,5 d.+a%-e e# e% C'#'$ba #a, e$)+e,a, )e+de+'% $á, de 8 b##'%e, de )e,', a +a!3 de de#< -', %f'+$á-c',8 De ah! #a $)'+-a%ca de e,-a #e25 *.e adc'%a a# C(dg' Pe%a# c'#'$ba%' e# T!-.#' VII BIS de%'$%ad' De #a P+'-ecc(% de #a %f'+$ac(% 2 de #', da-', *.e d0de e% d', ca)!-.#',5 a ,abe+7 9De #', a-e%-ad', c'%-+a #a c'%< fde%ca#dad5 #a %-eg+dad 2 #a d,)'%b#dad de #', da-', 2 de #', ,,-e$a, %f'+$á-c',: 2 9De #', a-e%-ad', %f'+< $á-c', 2 '-+a, %f+acc'%e,:8 E% C'#'$ba e1,-e% %,--.c'%e, de ed.cac(% c'$' UNICOLOMBIA *.e )+'$.e0e% ca)ac-ac'%e, e% -e$a, +e#ac'%ad', c'% De#-', I%f'+$á-c',5 e# $e"'+ $a%e"' 2 .,' de #a )+.eba dg-a#5 e,-ab#ece+ a#-', e,-á%da+e, ce%< -!fc', 2 é-c', )a+a I%f'+$á-c', F'+e%,e,5 L#e0a+ a cab' %0e,-gac(% 2 de,a++'##' de %.e0a, -ec%'#'g!a, 2 #', $é-'d', de #a ce%ca de# a%á#,, f'+e%,e dg-a# e I%,-+.+ a #', e,-.da%-e, e% d0e+,', ca$)', e,)ec!fc', ,'b+e %.e0a, -ec%'#'g!a, a)#cada, a #a %f'+$á-ca F'+e%,e5 #a %0e,-gac(% ce%-!fca 2 e# )+'ce,' -ec%'#(gc' de #a, $,< $a,8
Mé!ico
E% Mé1c' #', de#-', de +e0e#ac(% de ,ec+e-', 2 acce,' #!c-' a ,,-e$a, 2 e*.)', de %f'+$á-ca 2a ,ea% *.e e,-é% )+'-egd', )'+ a#g/% $eca%,$' de ,eg.+dad5 ,e c'%,de+e% )+')edad de# E,-ad' ' de #a, %,--.c'%e, *.e %-eg+a% e# ,,-e$a f%a%ce+' ,'% hech', ,a%c'%ab#e, )'+ e# C(dg' Pe%a# Fede+a# e% e# -!-.#' %'0e%' ca)!-.#' I 2 II8 E# a+-!c.#' f+8VI de# C(dg' Pe%a# Fede+a# ,a%c'%a c'% )+,(% 2 $.#-a a# *.e %-e%c'%a#$e%-e ' c'% f%e, de #.c+'5 %-e++.$)a ' %-e+fe+a c'$.%cac'%e, a#á$b+ca,5 %a#á$b+ca, ' de fb+a ()-ca5 ,ea% -e#eg+áfca,5 -e#e< f(%ca, ' ,a-e#-a#e,5 )'+ $ed' de #a, c.a#e, ,e -+a%,$-a% ,e&a#e, de a.d'5 de 0de' ' de da-',8 La +e)+'d.cc(% %' a.-'+3ada de )+'g+a$a, %f'+$á-c', ' )+a-e+!a e,-á +eg.#ada e% #a Le2 Fede+a# de# De+ech' de A.-'+ e% e# T!-.#' IV5 ca)!-.#' IV8 Ta$bé% e1,-e% #e2e, #'ca#e, e% e# c(dg' )e%a# de# D,-+-' Fede+a# 2 e# c(dg' )e%a# de# e,-ad' de S%a#'a8
Vene#uela
C'%cbe c'$' be% ".+!dc' #a )+'-ecc(% de #', ,,-e$a, %f'+$á-c', *.e c'%-e%e%5 )+'ce,a%5 +e,g.a+da% 2 -+a%,$-e% #a %f'+$ac(%8 E,-á% c'%-e$)#ad', e% #a Le2 E,)eca# c'%-+a #', De#-', I%f'+$á-c',5 de de 'c-.b+e de 8
S abe ! E lec# !- nica
31
Electrónca informátca La #e2 -)fca c%c' c#a,e, de de#-',7 > C'%-+a #', ,,-e$a, *.e .-#3a% -ec%'#'g!a, de %f'+$ac(%7 acce,' %debd' ?A+-8@6 ,ab'-a"e ' da&' a ,,< -e$a, ?A+-8@6 fa0'+ec$e%-' c.#)',', de# ,ab'-a"e ' da&'8 ?A+-8 K@6 acce,' %debd' ' ,ab'-a"e a ,,-e$a, )+'-e< gd', ?A+-8 @6 )',e,(% de e*.)', ' )+e,-ac(% de ,e+0c', de ,ab'-a"e ?A+-8 @6 e,)'%a"e %f'+$á-c' ?A+-8 @6 fa#,fcac(% de d'c.$e%-', ?A+-8 @8 > C'%-+a #a )+')edad7 h.+-' ?A+-8 @6 f+a.de ?A+-8 @6 'b-e%c(% %debda de be%e, ' ,e+0c', ?A+-8 H@6 $a%e"' f+a.d.#e%-' de -a+"e-a, %-e#ge%-e, ' %,-+.$e%-', a%á#'g', ?A+-8 @6 a)+')ac(% de -a+"e-a, %-e#ge%-e, ' %,-+.$e%-', a%á#'g', ?A+-8 @6 )+'0,(% %debda de be%e, ' ,e+0c', ?A+-8 K@6 )',e,(% de e*.)' )a+a fa#,< fcac'%e, ?A+-8 @6 > C'%-+a #a )+0acdad de #a, )e+,'%a, 2 de #a, c'$.%cac'%e,7 0'#ac(% de #a )+0acdad de #a da-a ' %f'+< $ac(% de ca+ác-e+ )e+,'%a# ?A+-8 @6 0'#ac(% de #a )+0acdad de #a, c'$.%cac'%e, ?A+-8 @6 +e0e#ac(% %de< bda de da-a ' %f'+$ac(% de ca+ác-e+ )e+,'%a# ?A+-8 @6 > C'%-+a %&', 2 ad'#e,ce%-e,7 df.,(% ' e1hbc(% de $a-e+a# )'+%'g+áfc' ?A+-8 @6 e1hbc(% )'+%'g+á< fca de %&', ' ad'#e,ce%-e, ?A+-8 @6 > C'%-+a e# '+de% ec'%($c'7 a)+')ac(% de )+')edad %-e#ec-.a# ?A+-8 H@6 'fe+-a e%ga&',a ?A+-8 @8
Chile
E% Ch#e e# K de $a2' de 5 ,e )+'$.#g( #a #e2 8 )e+' %' f.e ha,-a #a fecha de J.%' de *.e é,-a ,e ).b#c(8 E,-a #e25 -)fca 2 ,a%c'%a #', de%'$%ad', De#-', I%f'+$á-c',8 L', de#-', -)fcad', e% #a Le2 8 c'%,de+a% c'$' .% be% ".+!dc' #a ca#dad5 #a ).+e3a e d'%edad de #a %f'+$ac(% *.e e,-a c'%-e%da e% c.a#*.e+ ,,-e$a a.-'$a-3ad' de -+a-a$e%-' de #a %f'+$ac(%8 Ade$á,5 %' ,'#' ,e )+'-ege e# be% $e%c'%ad' a%-e+'+$e%-e , %' *.e -a$bé% #', ,g.e%-e,7 > E# )a-+$'%'5 e% e# ca,' de #', f+a.de, %f'+$á-c',8 > La )+0acdad5 %-$dad 2 c'%fde%ca#dad de #', da-',5 e% e# ca,' de e,)'%a"e %f'+$á-c'8 > La ,eg.+dad 2 fab#dad de# -+áfc' ".+!dc' 2 )+'ba-'+'5 e% e# ca,' de fa#,fcac'%e, de da-', )+'ba-'+', $eda%-e a#g/% ,,-e$a ' $ed' %f'+$á-c'8 > E# de+ech' de )+')edad ,'b+e #a %f'+$ac(% 2 ,'b+e #', e#e$e%-', f!,c', 2 $a-e+a#e, de .% ,,-e$a de %f'+$ac(%5 e% e# ca,' de #', de#-', de da&',8
32
Sabe! Elec#!nica
A r t í c u l o
de
t A pA
Lo Que Debe Saber Sobre
eDificioS SuStentabLeS
S abe r E lect ró nica
33
tecNoloGíA de puNtA Qu( es y C*mo ApliCAr lA ArQuiteCturA sustentAble E * * *&'& & *+ & & * & ** * &* * &* = *'& & , & & && &&. "* * & * & !*& A&*& E&&, *&'* +& * * ** *& *+** &>*H. E * *< * @ *&'* * ? * * *** * * * **& *<*&** & & * * *& *&'*. L& *+ +&& & C M& * A'** = D*& ( C E* & D***) * * * *& * &+&* & **&* * ***, ** & &&& && * & +& **&* *& &+&* & **&*.H A *>, & *&'& *? *+& * &* * * *&*&: * &, * * = * &'*&. C&& * * &* *'* *& * && * *, +*& * * ** *< (&), *& (*) = * *&* * &&* (&'*&). E*, * *& *&'* *'* *& & *& * & *& * *& **-
Fg'%a 1
34
Saber Electrónica
** * **; *'* ** * *& & & * *& &&'* = ** & & *& * *&. E *& * && * * * &*& *&'* * *** &, ** * *& ** : Uiliacin de l$ #ec&#$$ ambienale$ de mane#a $$enible, !lanificand accine$ a la#g !la. Aencin !#efe#enemene a la$ nece$i- dade$ del cnj&n de la !blacin, incl&end la$ gene#acine$ f&&#a$. Uiliacin c#eai'a de la 'a#iedad na&#al la 'a#iedad c&l&#al. A ni'el de l$ bjei'$ $ciale$, de l$ biene$ cn "&e $ai$face#l$ de la$ +cnica$ cn "&e !#d&ci#l$. Ubicacin !#i#ia#ia de la !#blem*ica del cn$&m de la$ ecnlga$ cm *#ea$ 'iale$ de deci$in. Enfaia# l #eginal, l lcal, la di'e#$idad, la ada!abilidad, la cm!lemena#iedad, cm 'al- #e$ !&e$$ a la cen#aliacin hm- geneiacin "&e !&ja e$e m&nd glbaliad (n $iem!#e /l de all*, $i#'e ac*) && * =*&, * * * *&'& &'@ * *. G& &* * *
edIFIcIoS SuSteNtABleS *&'* *? *&& * & **@, *&* * * @& ** * &? * * & && & = * , * '* * &** * *' ** * && & * = * & * & + & & &>. =*& * +& *&'* &'@ +& *& *& * *& &&'*, &'* *&** = *'* & & **&* &*. , * *&'* ** * * & **@ * * *& &.
** * &' * * *&** & &*&* '&. L& &*& & ** ** '*& &'*&* * , * ** ' +&&** & & *& * ?'& & ? *'*. E * , & & * & * *&'* *:
prinCipios de lA ConstruCCi*n sustentAble
E A*&, & & * & * *&'* *:
A *& * &*& & *&, **& ? & = * **& * . E *& &= ** * * &&*, = & *** **& * * =, +&**, & * CO2. L *+, +&*&* && & & = * , & * *+* * &* & &@ * * *. L& & &, *'&, * * & &* ? &&>&& * &'@ & * ? &&. L& &>& *'& & *& * & *, =& * **& & ** *
40% 60% 50% 35%
de la$ emi$ine$ de CO2 del cn$&m de mae#ia$ !#ima$ del cn$&m de ag&a de l$ #e$id&$ gene#ad$
40% de la demanda de ene#ga 25% de la$ emi$ine$ de CO2 50% de l$ #e$id&$ $lid$ gene#ad$ 20% de ag&a 30% de la !l&cin a+#ea 35% de la !l&cin +#mica (Sl !a#a cia# alg&n$ 'al#e$) * * ** * & ** * & && * *'* * &*&. A *> * A*& *'* &*& * *** * 90.2% * * +* (* MECON,
Fg'%a 2
S abe r E lect ró nica
35
tecNoloGíA de puNtA 2005), * =& ?&** &&. E *** * & *'* &'&, = **, &*, *&*, @ = **&& * &'&& * * *, ** &* &* * ***& * ** &'. L& *&'*, & & & *& *&* * * >&. && * * *&'* & & *&, * *& @ *+, & *&& = &' &*. C *&'* * * & &&, * & &&. A*& & * =* * ? +, &&>& & '& ** * &: &, * = &'*& && *& * ** ** *'*. A & * **& *&& & &&'* & &* *& ** * *& &* * & *&'&:
36
Saber Electrónica
A"#&a! !**& & && * *, *& **: * &&, & *&, & +&, & +&&, * &&*, &, &. #** * * & * * &*& * =*, & *+*** * &*&* &, * * * (&=*& * *&), * *, * & &, * & & = * & **&&. #** * *& * +&* & & & * *&>&* * =*. $>& &*&* * *& * +?** *& *>&, * *& * &&* = * +&*>& * & * &*& & = **&. ** & >& * &*&* *& *>& ( **: ? &*&* *& * * *
*&) D*& &*& = &, &* ? *, * *& +& * >& * * &&*. O& &*&* &*, * *&? & * CO2 **&& * &* = **&? = & * '& &. *+* &*&* = *& * *& & * && * CO2 * * ** * &, *& & +*** *&&: *<& * &*& &, &*, * , , *>&, *&* = +&. =*& **& *&'*, **& * *&'* = & '*&. =*& *& * && = *, * '* * ? *+** '* *&** = * **& & * && * ** & *. O& *** * *& *+&* &'*&* * &*&*, =& *& &&* *&&* ( **: I"O 14.000/14.001, I!AM, F* "*& C F"C- *.) L& *-**& * &
& +& * &&>& * * &*& ** '& & &'*& =, &, * ? ** * * *&>& & & +. E& * * & **& && * *, *& @: , &*; & '& &&& * *& &*&&** * **&.
s$ca! *+* &*&* &*, && +&** * *& * & & &. C*& && * ** = *& * & '& = * &* &'** &'&. F& & *& * * , *>& = &* * & *&*& = *** * &'&, && &&>& & &= &'& = *&. I & *& * +& '* & & &'*& * & **&. "**& &&**
S abe r E lect ró nica
37
tecNoloGíA de puNtA >& * & *>& =/ **&'>&* && *& *+**&* *&&. E& = ** * ? ?*. * & *>& = * *&* * &*&* * & '& = & +&, *& & **& *+*> (*&&). C & & &, @& *&** '**+& & ** &* ? **&. G&&>& * &'&. O+** & & &&, & '*& '* &'*&** **&'*, && * * & &'*& * * &. N & * *+ * =* && & *&, && * &'&. D*'* **& & *& * * * + & * ? * & *& * * *&&* * & & * & , = && +*& && * * &.
ec$#)"c$ !*>& =/ *& &*&*, * & & '& && & *. !**& *& *& * & &= *+*& * &*&* = *&, & && * * & *& * '& *& & * && * **. O& & >& * *& *+&'&, & * ** && & & &= *+*&, * **, & **@, >& & * = '& +& *>&* * & +&* * * * *+, *. E* &*&* &'*, &** *& . =*& & &&* +?** &*'* = *&'*, * *? >& & &'* * &**, *&& = *&* **, '& & **& * , *&, *& = &&&, *., && * *>& *&. * & & * &*&* * *H, && * * & * & +&* * &* = * & * *, & +? *&& *? & '* *>& *&* * &*&. L& *+*& **@& & ** = '& * &*&*, **& * * & * && * **& +*-
38
Saber Electrónica
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
A r t í c u l o
de
t A pA
¿Que Son, Cómo FunCionan
TeleviSoreS 4k Tv uHD a FonDo
E
l #ema del 4K o !e"ol$cin UHD e" algo $e 'a la ma'o!+a conoce. La pop$- la!idad del n$e%o fo!ma#o e"# c!eciendo m$' !pidamen#e ' pa!ece "e! $e poco" $"$a!io" an "e de"pi"#an al e"c$cha! la" "igla" 4K o UHD. Si
e!e" de lo" $e an no #iene m$' cla!o de $* %a #odo el #ema de la $l#!a al#a defi-
nicin, !e"ol$cione" de pan#alla, %en#aja" de $n conec#o! f!en#e a o#!o, e#c. e"#e a!#+c$lo #e %a a in#e!e"a!. Le" hemo" p!epa!ado #oda la info!macin pa!a $e lo conoca" a fondo.
S abe ! E lec# !, nica
39
tvisión 4K a Fondo %Qu$ es 4K o uHd? E 4K < >* >* ;<> =< 4096 2160 <, <> * =;**< ; <>< <> < 24 * ;>* ; 8 +=<. A< < * ><=;* <> > ;*=, >* * 4K DCI. A *;=; * * ><=;* +;**<= =< *=* *>*< *< * >*; * > < $HD. E<=* *;*= *= *< 2160 *< ;=* ; ;> *< ;=*< *<=* *< 3860 (;<> > HD 2). E<= < *;* *=; * ;* *<= 16/9 * > * < =, =* *< <=*< +**< ;*<. En una pantalla UHD tenemos cuatro pantallas Full HD
A< *+ ;<> =< > *>= * ;>* ; > ;= ><*; < 10 12 +=<. M< >*< =*<*< =;**< ; <> =; * < 50 60 >*;<. C*; > * > <;* ; ; *<=* 120 >*;< ; <>, > *; > <;* < = *;* << *;=<
F!#" 1
40
Sabe! Elec#!nica
J=+ ; < < * > =* < * ;> < <=< *+;* =<;< *< > *< *;*< > * > ;< ; ** < ><>*;<. !; =*=, ; *;* *< * $HD < ;; = ;<> 38602160 <, 10 +=< ;>* ; 50 60 < (>*;< ; <>), >;* 1.
%Qu$ nos aporta la ultra alta deFinici(n? E ;* < *; + ;*= $HD < >* *; . L*< < >=* < < < > <>; < =* =**< > ;= *;*; = =*< +;* < > *;= J=+. A<, *>= < < =** *=** * > <>+* * <* <, * > ><>*; >* <;>=*; <=*< *=**< * >* <=** ; > >* *=** <* ** ; ;<> F> HD. >= * * ;<> >* <=** < ; < <>* * ;;<=* ;. M> < ;*<=*, *< < > ;, > *; ;* < <*=< *;*+< ;**<.
los teevisores 4k o uHd los problemas del uHd A=>*= < * ;= =;< ;*= $HD < =;*< *;< ;+*< > >* * < ;*. E ;; < < > < =;*<=; = $HD * =;*< =;= ;* =* * *;* *<< + * ;* * +** ;>;. L< ;< *=>*< < =* =<, *<=* < * * ;* *;< > ;* =**. !; > +< <;*; * > HE%C H.265 < *=. C*; > =*+ < +*; * ;*; > *;@*;, " FM!-'5.
A< > < =* <;*; > <*;;< < !; <> < B>;* 256G+ < " !**< * * >. C*; >, >= * < =*+ =;< > ;*; > ;;>=; ** ; =*< <>< **<.
contenido uHd, %cu&l es la situaci(n?
E <=< =< * <; % $= 4K ", *< <;< > A* N= ;*+*; 4K (*>*< * < * * * =; * =;*< <>< <;<, >;* 2) *< <>=*< *>< >=*< * BBC < * J* ;=* ;* > =<. E ;<= Se estima que una buena conexi!n VDSL de 30 < = ;>+*< > *< **< * * megas es lo mnimo para poder recibir va stream- ;**;. ;*+*< *< < =;< *;ing contenido UHD. =< M>* B;*< > " ;*+*; *;* <> <=;; <. !; =*=, ;*; > =<; EL <> ;+* < > *= *< >- *;* <;>=*; = $HD * *=>** < =*< *; * =;*< =;= =* * *<*+. " < ;= > < <= < *; ;*= <. L< << +>- ;*<=;* >*< * 1080 ; ;* *=>*< < ;= > 50GB, ;*; <> <>** <=*< *=**<, ;*** <>= *;* >*< 4K. C * *= =*< ;. <, * ;;* >* 4K >*+* 160GB. !; =*=, * J* <> *=>* <;* *; el mercado de los televisores *< >*< ****< > < >;, >* <> > < ;=*+ *;* * ><=;* ><>*;. < * *+; >* ;=* =<
F!#" 2
S abe ! E lec# !, nica
41
tvisión
F!#" 3
;* ** < > <. L< ><>*;< < <= =;<* < ; <=*< *=**<. !*;= >* * = *< < *;* ;*; ><=; ; = 4K, *+*< *;*< * !**< GH4 *< < <*;= G** "5 ';* 2 =; =;<. E ;<= * =* > < *+;*=< <= * * *+. >;* 3. E< <*+ > *> + *<=*; < * =< < + *<>; * ;<<*+*, *; ;* < ** ;< < *< *;* > < < ;>* < ;<> 4K < > < *-
F!#" 4
42
Sabe! Elec#!nica
; < =< * <><. A< =;*< *=**< $HD ; >< 900 *;< *;*< *<=* =;*< > ; < *;< < *;<. D;*< ;< > < * =. A >* > =;< ;>=<, =*; > * $HD * ;; <* ** <* ;* ><. F*+;*=< ", H*; H<< <= ;=*O ;* ;< > +*<. L< ;*< ", !**<, "*<>, LG !< = ;* < 15002000 >;< <>< < < <. C> < * ;*?
F!#" 5
!>< **;= * > > <; = #N I!", * ;* ** * * ;* ;;<=*; ;< >< <, * ;* ;* < * =;* ;*. E >< <=< =<;< < =*;< < HDMI 1.4 ; <>><= ** *=*;*< ==< > =;< =;*< (>;* 4). L * *=*;* "*;= #% < < ; HDMI 1.4 . C <=* ;< << **< =;*<=; = $HD ; * =* 30 <. E<= *;* < *=*+ ; *;* >* <* =<, =< ;=<, = . !; =*=, < ;=*= > >* HDMI 2.0. L* >* ;< HDMI 2.0 ; >* *; =*<* =;*<;*, ;= * 50 60 < *<=* 12 +=< ;. !; =*+ ;* *> * <; ** **; *<=* 12 **< *> * 1536H. !; =*=, < * ;< * ;>; ;*;< +, <= =* * > <=*; < *==< *J.
%merece la pena comprar un televisor uHd? <=* < * ;* ;>=*. *>> *;* >< * ;<><=* < J* <= ; > <; *+*< ;<><=*<, < . A< > < < ;*< *;* *+*<. #;*< *+; ;+* <= < > =<; $HD = > *=; > * ** < ;<*=. L*< < < >=;* ;*<=*< < >*
* ;< <=*; ;* ; >* =**O +;* <=. <, < > * = ; < = >< ;*; >* ** *=* F> HD >< ;=; **; <* >*O ;* > *=>*= <= =; *+*< < ;* * ; * $HD. A<, > ;*; = *;*< * !**< GH4, < < > < ><=* = =* ;*=, =< < =< *J *;* *;. E< <, = *;* ;;>; *< *=**< + <=*; * 1080. D < , *;= ;-<** *< =< >* > + * * *J < <; $HD < ;*= +. !; < = =;*; =;* < *<, = > <>* * *;* *< < < >;* * * 1080 =< < >;;;*. !;> >* * < ;<> < <<=*< =;* >=* =*=* = * *< < > < ;< <*< +;;<*<, * > * ;* <* < > *=. A<, < ;< + <>; *><=< <. E =*, <; > <=* ;*;** * <=>* *=>* 4K < ;<>= J=.
%por Qu$ no comprar televisores 4K? L> *< ==* ;**< 3D < =<;<, *< **< <= ><* < =<;< ;<> 4K. !; * *=* -
S abe ! E lec# !, nica
43
tvisión =< *=+* <<=< < - <;<. ;= * > ;*= * * * L* !*<=*= 4 <;=*; =< 4K, ;=; ;. ; ><. L* '+ ;= =< L*< ;*< ;<*< =* < * ><. !; *>*< ;=< * <**; <= ==* ; > * ;<> 4K < * <+. >=>; < =< *><>*<. !; <= " + * =* * ;* ;* + < > * >* <=;*=* =*< ;;<=* > ;* ** <=*;* =** <=* > *+; ; > 3D > + *;* <;=*; >< 4K * >* *=* >*;< ;+ ; < <>;<. E *; ;+* ; <> ;**+<. E< <, < * * * 3D ;* =*= * *=* =< * > <**; > *<=* *;* **; ;< 1080 < =<;< =* * *** ;*; > <=;* ;+*<. = =;<* +< =< > P!oblema" de compa#ibilidad con pe!if*!ico" ;* <= ;*= ;*= < * ;>* * ><*; **<. E *< $=;* HD = < <*= <*< *; L< =; >=* <=-=-+< >; <; > * ;= * ** *> <><= * + ;+*< ; ;*. $ =<; 4K <*; <=. *;* ;+*+= ;; *=+* " <=< =* * < <+; < ;=; <=< ;;<. <=* >* =* <=*< < >*=; " ><*< *J <<= *;* ; =< ;*< ; *< >*< +;*< ;*; > ><=; =<; * <=;* &-F < > =<; 4K: ;+*+ > < =;< ;+*< + * > * *=* ;* ; Fal#a de con#enido" (' lo impo"ible de con- <> > <=* <; ** > <<= "$mi!lo") * =; > 4K < > *; * * *=E=;*; =< ;<> 4K < >* * <*;* ;<>< *=>*<. ;*;* ***. L* ><=;* *><>* <= " ;*< > =<; 4K +;*< ;==* ><*; >< > B>-;* *; =*+ ><=;*< < HDMI * > *** * *>=** * 100 GB ; *>< <=*;< <= >;= = ;+* * ; *;= < ;*;< < - *< =;*<=; =*=< *=<. =< =* < >* * > ;<* * I>*= * ;** <>;*= <; > *< **< ><>*; > <= < ;;< > * ;*< < >* <=;* <> ;;. J=< + * > =*= <=*; " < *; ><; $=;* HD * > **=*< *;* ;;>; $=;* HD. >; <;*; =;< <>< <: B>-;*, Son e&ce"i%amen#e ca!o" ; >< =<;< >*< ;<< =;* ;<> *< >*< <> <=>. $ =<; 4K " 55 >**< ><=* L**; <= * > =; >=* *;* - 4000 *;<. $ "*<> 65 >**< 5500 *=+ * >* ;<> ; * =* *;<. E =; >=* *=+ $=;* > < 70 ==>< * *;* * HD ** ; " ><=* 700 *;<. <;*+* *; * > +* J; 100. L< ;< < <*= *;<, < A>> * ;=* <* ** <= =; ;+- >* <>*< > <=*< *<: *< < * I=;=. E =** <=< ;* > <<= ;=*= J= *;* *< < < < * * <*< < ><>*;<. * >** =*= *;* > ;L< =<;< 4K ;< < * >* ;<=*; > =. <*: * < *+;*=<. L* <* =>*; * ><* ;*; >* No "e!n ap!o%echado" po! la n$e%a gen- =* *;* > < =<;< HD * >e!acin de con"ola" *; * *;* < *;< <>< <>!*;* * ;<> HD * !*"=*= 3 < ;<. > ;* ><. " +*; * =* $=;* bibliograF'a HD =*; * <* <>;=. L* ;* ;* <*< " M;<= @@@.*=**. ; <**; ; <=< >< =@@@.;==>*.
44
Sabe! Elec#!nica
A r t ííc cu ul lo o
de
t A pA
Diagnóstico a BorDo
o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
A< =<<@ = @@: < ==@ =<@== >=@ < =>=@ @ = ==@ <= =>@=, = ? >@<>= =M< <@< = (>=<, , , L, @= , .) I< = Fig"ra 1 @, @@@, = >@==@ <<=, = =@ =>@M<, = = >@ <@=<M< < <= N. E< @ 1 >== =@@ < >= =@ M= (= <<@ #BD II). E >= <<@, <= < @, M= => =<=@ = =< < == @ 2 >@= @ M=. E< @ 3 -
Aónia @ < >= M< =<@ < < = >@ >=@ @@ @ M=. = M= =<= < @ <@>@=, < =@ >, @@@<= < = ? @< >@=@ =>=@ =< >@=>= M=. E= >=@ @ < <=<<< >@= < ? < @ (.=@=<=.=) < @=< = ? << >=M< < <= = = M=, =< @. E< =@ >@, ?@ >@=< > @ @ M= = <=<@@ <@>@M< < @. $@ = <= < >@< >@ ( =<=@ @ = < = =< @M<, = @= =<@=), <=@ < ? < = <= <=<@@
=<=@ < M<, @< @ >@ < ? < @, <<= < ? @ <<@. H ? = @= < ? #BD II =@ @ = M= ? < =>=@ =@=. $@= @ ? > @ = M= <@>@@ <= ==@=, ?=. $=@ ? ? =< @ @, >@<, > @<<= <=. = M= =<= =< =@ @M<= M= >< @@ @@< = = <: * L + =< ;;< OBD II < +=++ + = + @ + = <;;, = ;/ + = +< +<> = ;=; +<=;, ; > + = < ;<; =;.
& >=@ < @M< (>=@ >@=) M >= < =, =>=@ @@ = =<@=@= <@ @<M< @=M< <. %@ ? #BD II = ? >@< =>@ =<= = >@ = <=@ === < @< >@ @=< <=<<= =. C?@ @M< = =>=<< = <L@ = <=@ >=@ = <= <=@M< ? @ =>=@ @ @ @M< M< ? =@< < =@< ?@ = =@. =>=@ #BD II =<@= <@= =, = @ < =, < >=@ = = =<@= =<. E< <= = =>=@ =@= =<@=< @<M<, = @<= ><M<. = <=@ =< >?L= >== ? < =<=< =>@M< @< < L ? =>=@ > <<@. $=@ >=: <=@ @=, (<=@ >@@), >=<M@= (<=@ >=M< @=@ @), <@=@ L (<=@ =<=). Fig"ra 2
diagnóstico a Boro
El conec!or "ele encon!rare a "n co!ado de la barra de direcci&n, debajo del !ablero.
= =@ =< >== @= ? >< @ = >=@ =>=@. E<@ = << = =<= @. = <=@, =@, <@=@ L >=<M@= <= =< @=. & @= @ Pan!alla de "n programa q"e permi!e leer lo c&digo de error para indicar c"$l e la @= ? @< < == falla en el #eh%c"lo. Como p"ede apreciar, no e !ra!a de "n (canner) com'n, ino q"e la informaci&n brindada e ba!an!e de!allada. ? <= < < =<M<, = = = = < <=<<= ==@, =@<= >=@ < (- @ = M= =>=@, M= < < , , > @==@, >?, =, < = =- =@ M= <<@ #BD = @@ < @ @@, .). < >@=@ $C. E >@= >@== < @= E< =<M<: #BD II <@ >= >@= >@=< 150 M@ =@ @ M= <= < =>=@ @<=. =@=, >@= <= <@= <@ I< < @@= =@ #BD II, < = M=, >@ @<@ <=<@@ @M< =@< < < <<@ >=@ < >@= @ ? >@= < ==@, < @<M<, = < >< @ @ =< >@=@ < =>=@ @<=. ? >@ @ < < <== = M= =>@= = = , = <=<<= =>=@ =@=. >@ =<@=@ =>@=< ==@, < >< @= <=<@@ >@=. E =>=@ < = >@=@ =< Al g$no" C(di go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
Aónia Tabla 1: algunos cdigos de error y sus significados.
C== > @=: B=@@< = M= <=, << ==@ < < < @, <@< < @ @. E<< == @= @M< = <: =>=@ < < L @@< = <=@; <=<<= = << < @<,
<, , =@< = @<=, <@ = <=. E @M< @ @< >=@ <= < L @@< @=@< =< =@= =@; = ? =>=@ = =@ >@ =@@@ < <=<<= ==@ ( @) = >@ =@@
diagnóstico a Boro @<<= ==@. E< 1, @ >@= < @= @M< <= @@= ? = <=<= < >@@= <@=@ <= <=<<= < = < <M<, = ? <=@ < @= >= < ?@ >=M<.
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
E< <= ==@ < L <=@ >@@ ? =>=@ @@ @= (= ==>) ><= <M< == "=<@=". D =<=, =>=@ L <=@ =<=, ? @=< = @@< ? <@< <= = =@= <=@. C== <=@ =<= <= < <= > (= < < >@ = > < @=@@= @=@) <@ >@=>= = , =>=@ <@>@ @ <=@, @<<= = @= =< =<< @ = >=@. = <=@ @< < L = == @@< , @=< = =>=@ < = <@>@ @= =< >@=@ <@<=; = =>@, <= M- <=<<=, > @ = =@ (=<=) >@ @@
Fig"ra 4
Aónia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
Fig"ra 5
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
diagnóstico a Boro
Fig"ra 7
Fig"ra 8
@< >@< @< >@<< <= =, , =@ =@ > > @ @ @ @
@<=@ @<= @ == == @@ >@= >@== = =< =<= =< <-Fig"ra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
Aónia A ónia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
Figura 9
Figura 10
diagnóstico a Boro
A<= E<@ >@ #BDII #/G = +; ;+, +; <; ; =<>; =+; @ < = >, >, @, = <; < += = = = = < + /;<+. L <;+ <; ;<; <;; + >; ;, /= ; +=; ; +<< +< + C; DA;. % ; ++=<; </; ; ; =; <+<; +/ OBD II (; ;+ OBD II I<;; OBD II) ; ELM327 = = ; =+ + =< < ;<; =<; D/;<+ A B (OBD) @ = < "#232 (=< ; +=<, ). N ; < ;< << + <J + =+ ;<; =; ; = J = +< ; >@ . # /, = ; ; G; +++ # E+<+ ;< ;< + =+< ;<; <;; @ ; <; ; <; = = ; = = =>;.
E E!327, @= >=@ >@ QE! E@=<R < <@ >@ #BD ? @ =@ @ @=< <@=@: E!320, E!322, E!323 @<= 7 >@==== CA. E @= < @= <@= ? > <@, =<@@ = >@==== =< < = <, < =@ =. '< < M< %&232 =, =<=@= <M< @ @@ =<@ >=@ = >@@= >@=@, >@ <=@@ < >=. E E!327 @?@ <= >== =>=<< @<= >@ =<@@= < < @= <=< ><=. >@<> >=< <@= =<: 1. L+<; +/ ; /;<+. 2. H<; + =<>. 3. A@=; ;.
E< <= @@, <=: 1. #< 12 <+;. 2. &+; <;+ "#232 ;< 500K;.
3. BG;= =<<+ <+;. 4. < +/= + +; A$ A$.. 5. E< <; < <.
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ig"ra 11 > @ = <@ =< = =<= A' !1 A' !0. B $ / % R$.& ($.$ 6): E @< < <@ ? =<@= = @<@< <@ %&232. &
Aónia A ónia Fig"ra 12
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
@=>@==@, <@ ? <= < < < L @< @<M<. ISO K ($.$ 21) & ISO L ($.$ 22): E =< L ? < >@ @ = I&# 9141 I&# 14230 < < =. != = <= @?@< < Q-Q . & = <= = <, >< > @ > 22 @. CAN ($.$ 23) CAN R ($.$ 24): E =< 2 L CA <@ ? < =<@ < CI @<>=@ CA. & <= , > =<@ DD. RS232 R LED ($.$ 25), RS232 LED ($.$ 26), OBD R LED ($.$ 27) OBD LED ($.$ 28): 28): E 4 > <=@< < < Q1R >< Q0R <= E!327 @<<= = @<= =. E =< >@ @ @< =@ = ED @ @=@ =@ =@@< = >@ @ <@ =< =@= @= M=. & <= <, > >< @ @. = ? > 28 < > @ >@ >@ == = $@@= $@=@.
Un In#'!p!e#e Sencillo: In#e!fa"e OBD a USB E< @ 12 =@ @ < =? <@=. = ? =<=@ #BD =M > <@ = !327 <= @< >@==== (CA, I&#, J1850), , >@ < < <M< @ = =@ < <@= >= M= ? <@>@@ <@>@@.. E <M< <@ < =<@=@ A/D == ? L @< @ <@>@ M= >@==== < =<<= =< <=@-
diagnóstico a Boro
Fig"ra 13
M< M= #BD. L >@= =<@ < <=@M< %&232 ? @ < >=@ > 17 !327. D <@ = @>= <M< @< !327. E< >@M =< @= M= @ E!327 >@ =<@ <=@M< =. C=<@= <= M= O@O CI <= < $C, = >@= M= @ =>=< <= =<= A', << =@@= M= @ E!327 >@ =<@ M= ( @<@=). $@ ? =@ > <@ < <=M< M= < @= Q<@>@R M= #BD, < @ 13 @ @= < <@ #BD >@= &B ( == =<= >@ @ M= >@< =@< ?>=). E< @ =< @= M= =<@@ >@==>=, M= =<@= $C >@=@ ? <@ < $C >@ ? @=<= = M=
Fig"ra 14
Aónia <= >=@ <@. $@ = <= <=, < @@= M= @ < @@ >@=@ >@==. D@= ? @ E!327 <= < == >@. != @= << <@< @ < =<= A', @ >= M< = @ <=@. A = =, == = ? @?@ < $C = < $DA =< < >@=@ '@< 8 == H>@'@< = '> =<=<= =<= #BD, ? = @@== =@= @= =< =@ >@=<.
In#e!fa"e OBDII Op#oacoplada
A=@ <, <= >@ >@= <@ < !327, >=@ >=, < @ 14 @< @= < <@ < >@= =< = < = =M * =< >@=@ >2000 &<@ = =< = Q-C= 3.03R. A @ >@=@ AGC#! >@@ Q>@ =< @R, = @ >@ =@@==@@ ? <@ @ < < = =. E< =<=@ #BDII K > 7, > 15, (12) > 16 Figura 16 > 4 5 =<=@ < =<@ <@ @ 14. '< > @ >@== < =M F =< >@=@ QR, ? < =>=. & >=<@ D'% +12, = &E' D'%. In#e!fa"e OBD II pa!a BMW Figura 15
Figura 1
diagnóstico a Boro
Figura 18
Figura 19
< =<=@ #BD1 >@< < ? == @ 15 <@ ? >@< < =<=@ #BD II == @ 16. E =<=@ #BD II = < = = @ @= ?@ =<=@. C== @ <@, = B!* >=@=@ 2000 >=< >= #BD II =< ( < EE =< >= 2 1996). <@ >@=>, =@ < @ 17, @>=< <=@ I&# >@ =<@@ > >@ > @ 18. = >< ? =@@>=<< Q>@= @R >< =<@ @< > < @ =<-
=@ #BD2 > @ =<=@ =< ? == @< < =@@>=<< = =<=@ =. E ><= = = @ 19 <= = ==@ ? < @ <. < =<@ <@, ? @ 20. =>=@, @ >@= @ DB9 (9 ><) <@@= = @ <=@M< =. > @ < <M< =<@M< <=@M< <@ $C =. <@ =< =< = << =< =<=@ #BD2. E =@ > @= @< @@<, @= >@ <= @@ =< ). D <@ < < ? = >= =<=@ #BD 1, <= =<< = = @ < >== >< @@, ? = <= =>< => =< >@==== #BD2. '< =<< ?: =< =>< => = = @= >@@ 2004. E< = @ =@ >< <==.<, =<<= < >< == @ 21. & < >@< < @>@M< = <= <, @ >=@ =, >== @ < < = ?>=. Li"#a de Ma#e!iale" "1, "5, "6 - ";;<+ 220 "2, "4 - ";;<+ 510 "3, "7 - ";;<+ 2.2 "11, "12 - ";;<+ 4.7 "8, "9, "10 - ";;<+ 10
Aónia Figura 20
"13 - ";;<+ 47 "14 - ";;<+ 100 C1 - C. E+<<+ 0.01=F C2, C5 - C. E+<<+ 0.1=F C3, C4 - C. C+ 27F D1 - L > 5 D2, D4 - L 5 D3, D5 - L 5 D6, D7 - D 1N4148 $1, $2 - $;;< BC548C $3, $4 - $;;< BC558C IC1 - "/= <; 78L05 IC2 - + 14 <; !1 - C;< C= 3.579545MH
Va!io": =< ; + 9 ; 1 '1 ( ; ;+), =< ; + 25 ; 1 '2 ( ; ;+), + C+=< ;, /< <, ;<, +;, <+. Con e"#e #ema damo" po! #e!minado e"#e p!ime! %ol$men de la colecci(n Cl$b Sabe! Elec#!(nica dedicada a
Figura 21
la elec#!(nica del a$#omo#o!, acla!amo" $e en e"#o" momen#o" e"#amo" p!epa!ando $n n$e%o n)me!o, dedicado a la" in#e!fa"e" OBD II en el $e incl$i!emo" el mon#aje de $n e$ipo $ni%e!"al.
Montaje
Por tratarse de una edici$n especial, en este n%mero publicamos una serie de circuitos pr"cticos de m%ltiples aplicaciones. Los proectos fueron armados en el programa Liveware con el objeto de simular su funcionamiento luego se obtuvo la placa de cir- cuito impreso PCB con el programa PCB Wi!ard. Ud. puede descargar estos proectos completos m"s informaci$n de nuestra web: www.webelectronica.com.ar, haciendo clic en el #cono password e ingresando la clave &newave'.
S#'#!!&1) "# F#"#,&!* P,a"* - $+,a"*@/##'#!,*)&!a.!*(.a,
Selección de circuitoS PrácticoS Robot de Riego Autom2tico N < **+ + + =** < + < . $, < +, + =+ + +, + + < <+ <. P+ , *++ + < < = +, +*+ + < < < < , < 1. E *, < <* , * +< < *< <<, + + < * + <. C =, @+ * ** +* < + . E * + + + >*<+, * , + + < < + + + <. E 4060 < *+ + 16 , * *+ *+ < * *+ @+. E + < * + @ <* +
60
Saber Electrónica
, , < +< . P * *< * + 1M *< *= < + < < + < *< . E + *+ = * <+ = 12, < <*+ + ++: *<+ ** * (<) * ** + 4.7F * = + + * B. E +<* *<+ +* + <@. L + 14 *<+ *< 8912, *+<*+ ++ 1N4148 *+ < *+ +. A + *+ *< @ = *@+ + + . E =<= * <= * > *. L * < %** * = +*<+ + *+ < + **<. C =, **< * + < * + < + < + ** **+ + **+.
Robot de Riego autom!tico y Sesor de nivel de agu aticorrosivo
E **< * 12% *< < * + 150A <*. E *< *+ **. H < < *< + ** < + *< A. " + < <* <+ ** < < + ** < = ** + 110% / 220% < < *+ * + +. E #IP + + * < ++ + *. E (LD!) + <+ * * + ** + * + < < * + <* < @, = < +* ** *. L * , * + <+ <<+ * = = < + *< + + * >. E ** * < ++ LED * < * + + * (1 ) +* <* + * * +* < *=+. E +* * * * +* + * . $ * (< + * <* < ) < < ==< + ** * < < = < + < +
=+. E ==< * + < + + + <, *<+ + 110% / 220% * =* + < * . N < , + * = *. " < < *, * + ** < + + 110% / 220% + <@+ =* + < *< *< + = * *+. !*<+ * < + * < ** * + + = + < < ++ + *+ < < * +. E * ** < ** < + <* + *<+ < < = < < * + =* *. E ** < F&%.,a 1 < + <. E < * < ** * + <, *<+ * < < >++ (< =*) **< <* + . D < < + , <+ * + + < + + < ++ /* ( + < * *) *<+ **< ** *++ + < * + *< *< = + *< + < *. A<< < < < ** ** + #IP = + < < + 5A = < + * + * + .
SenSoR de nivel de AguA AnticoRRoSivo < < =@ + +** + = + < ** + + + + < +* <+, + <, * + , *+ *. E <*+ * + * < +<* ++ + CC *+. E **< + < 2 <@ < * =@ + + * *< +** + <, =+ + <
Saber Electrónica
61
Montaje <+ * *+. E F&%.,a 2 *+ + *< @<+ < *+ + + *+ < = +* + + + **. L +** @ + + <+ *+ < *+ < *< *< ** <, < =@, ** . C <+ =, + < < * *, * <++ + + *.
SeguidoR de cAbleAdoS en lA PARed A < < *<+ < < + < < + ?. #+ ** + < < * +**+ <+ *< < *. & < * * * ** * < , < * @ + * * + * < *<+. E * + < 3 <=, , *+ < <+ ++ ** + *. B * *< *<< * <, + * < + + AM, + *<* ** + * + < <. E **< + < *+ LM567 *< +< < *< + *< * ++ **. $ < **= ( < ) = 9% * < <*. N < < +*-
* + *+ + * (220% 110%) <* * , < . P * + < < +* *.
detectoR de cA0eR3AS met2licAS E * < < * + < + + + < +**, + + *+. C , < *+ *, <= . P < *<** <+ <@ @ *<+ + < +*=+, =*+ ** @ < < <*. N + **< , < + ** + **. E * < < 4 < < *. L <+ < * <*+ > < + < = + + < *+<* (), *< <+ ** < 70 *. " **< ( *) * * + ( ++ *=*). # < + *< +< @ + *, < * * . F&%.,a 3
62
Saber Electrónica
Seguidor de Cbledos, Detector de C#er"s y Distorsiodor de Vo diStoRSionAdoR de voz
F&%.,a 4
n*a: P<+ < = + < *< ** < = + * . E +* <+ < , =+ < < ++ +* =@ +*< ; <+ * < * + + , < < >++ ... ¡Todo es cuestión de suerte!
E < + < 5 + < * < * * . " <+ < J @ < =*, + < <+ <+ <+ < * + +, < *. #+ * + +* = * **< + H#8950A ++ H. L < **+ 3, 4 5 *< *. E **< +, LM386, * < + >* +* < +. C **< + H#8950A < 3.6% + *, ** < * + + * (470) < ++ @ < @ =. E + **< * 6% = + + < < + *. C * <+ < < *< + *, ++ < < < ** <. C<< * + *<* + =+* +*<+ .
F&%.,a 5
Saber Electrónica
63
Montaje *++ 6 12%. E * + =< + * +, <++ < *+ * + +. " < + *+ < * + *+ * *< < = + + < <+ < * < < + *< + * + +<* + * + .
detectoR de RotuRA de vidRioS
F&%.,a 6
contRol Activo PARA AuRiculAReS E + < 6 ** = + <*< < * + * + + < * + ** +=+< *+ < + < , + + < <+ + +. L = + < < + (1%) +< I' DE!. C+ +< + + **< + LM386 < * *+ < + * < + * . D + + + *+ * + +. " + +< * <*< < **. E < < ++ < + < +< * <* . E < <+ + * < + + * < * + < < + < *<* <+. C+ +< < 200A + * <+ * *<<
E **<, < <* * " E** < < < 7, + < ++ < * GC * * *=* + < * +*. C + < *, < + *+, + *< * / <*. E **< < < ++ < * . L *+ * + * + *< ** < + + , < *+ < < * < * =* + <+ + ++. "<+ < = = + <, * + < + (MP"A13) *< * < < . E ++ + + < **< < = ++ + *, < + 100 @ * + < 10%. L ** * * * +. P * + * + + <+, < + < .
F&%.,a 7
64
Saber Electrónica
PICAXE & L ogICAtor ogICAtor
rabajando con con M icroconTroladores Trabajando MicroconTroladores T
PicaXe u% son son y y c(Mo (Mo se se usan san Qu% nTorno de de Trabajo rabajo Que Que incluye ncluye a a Pics s enTorno
Lo! micocon"oladoe! PICAXE, ma! q#e !e con!ideado! como #na !eie de cic#i"o! in"egado! fcile! de pogama, con!"i"#'en la in"egacin de "odo #n !i!"ema en el c#al e!"n in$ol#cado!, a pa"e de lo! di!po!i"i$o! elec"nico! (lo! popio! micocon"ola- doe! PICAXE), el !of"%ae paa pogamalo! (en"ono de pogamacin Pogamming Edi"o ' aplicacin Logica"o). La $en"aja q#e !e "iene al #"ilia lo! micocon"oladoe! del !i!"ema PICAXE e! q#e, a#n !in "ene conocimien"o!, !e p#ede apende de #na manea m#' fcil, 'a q#e #"ilia #n leng#aje BASIC m#' !encillo, adem! de con"a "ambi*n con la po!ibilidad de poga- malo! con diagama! de fl#jo. En e!"e man#al e&plicaemo! q#* !on lo! PICAXE, cmo podemo! ealia fcilmen"e di!e+o! de !i!"ema! q#e lo! con"engan, q#* "ipo! de PICAXE podemo! encon"a, cmo !e #!a el en"ono de pogamacin ' en q#* con!i!"e el #"ili"aio Logica"o, con el q#e "ambi*n podemo! ealia pogama! paa PIC! de Micochip.
P!og!ama'n e Pic" o! dag!ama e Fl#jo
65
Entorno de Trabajo para Microcontroladores
IntroduccIón
# PIC + '* + +' + *+ *+' (+ MPLAB) '' +*' '', ', <+ + '' + '< +>'*+' ? +'@' ' ' + <++ + + * +. L+, + +' ''* '' *+'' + '' + ' +' *+ PIC, ? + *++ ' + PIC *+ ''* ? ' + + **+ <' ' '. # PICA%E +' '*' *+ * +... + PIC ' + + + ' ''* '' + (='+) '' + +*' + ''* + ' ' '' **+ <' ' ' +* *+ ='+ ' ? + + + '' +*+ ++ + BA!IC + *''' *+ . D+*+ + + + +'* < ' @ *+ * (+ 4004), ? ?' ' ? ' +' +' ' ' *+ 1 , + +@ ' '+' +' + + *+ <+ + , *' ' *' <' '* ' ''+, ' + + ' *+ '*+ + <+*' ' + + ++ +* ? + '', *+ ' '*' +' (PC).
<' *+ +', +*+ *+'+ +' ' PC, ?' + +' + *+ ++ + ++' '' +'@' +, + +, +'*, * *, +' AM, +. C'++, '* '' '*, *+ ' ' + ++ + *+'' '' + ''' ' '+' *+ BIO! *+ ' PC, ?' + + + *++ ' + +' + ' ' *+ +, ?' +' *+ +'*' *+ '*', ' *+ +'+' +*+ + +@'*+, ACD, +. H' ''+* + + +'*, +' *+ *+' + ++ ' '' *+ '* *+ ' '+' +'<'++ , + ' ' + +*+ +' + + + ++' *+''. P'' ' '?' *+ + +' *+ *+', ' <+@ + + ++ +'*' ' '', + ' ++ + '' + + +' + '* *+*'++ ''*. E ' ' 2 + +*+ +<' *+ *+' '' ''' '*+, + ++ ' + +' PICA%E. "+' + +' + + + + + '' ' '' ++@' ' ''', *'* + +*+ '' ' *+
# '* *+ +' PICA%E +*+ + *+ 8, 18, 28 40 +'+ (' 1), +'++ *+ *+ +''*, ++ +'+ +'*, +' AM, ? *' <++ *+ +' OM. L '*+ '<'@'*, ''+ *+ +'* '+++, ' +' ' ++ +@'*+ ADC, DAC, C' + ''+, #!A, +. # '*, *+*+ + *+
66
Fig"ra 1 - "n PiCa%E E "n PiC dE MiCroChiP al q"E E lE agrEg "n FirM$arE Para FaCili!ar " PrograMaCin
Q#& " $ 'm " #" " PicaXe
PICAXE & L ogICAtor ogICAtor
Fig"ra 2 - la EMPrEa Ed"Ca!ion r E#ol"!ion FaCili!a hErraMiEn!a Para aPrEndEr a !rabajar Con lo MiCroCon!roladorE PiCa%E I++, '*+, #*. +*+ '' + '+ *+ +> ' ' PC ? ' '' *+ + *+ *< + *+++. H'+ '+' +, + ' '@'* ' +'* + +' *+ *+' '' '' '*+ PIC ''* PICA%E, + *+ , + ' @'* + '*+, +*+ '' + + +' '', + +' *+ *+' PICA%E '+ ' ' *'<' +' '' + ''*.
Fig"ra 3 - "na dE la #En!aja dEl PiCa%E E q"E la PlaCa En q"E E "a P"EdE !EnEr "n ConEC!or Para PodEr PrograMarlo in aCarlo dE " 'Calo.
E +' *+ *+' PICA%E '+ ' ' *'<' +' '' + ''*, ?' + +' * + *+ *+' ' '': ' +* *+ *''' *+ ? ' +* *+ BA!IC, ? '+ + + ' <+*'*, (?' + +' +'+' +>' '+*'*), <+' *+ PICA%E '*' + + + *+ + + '' *+ '* PIC +, + ++ *+ +' OM +' + ' * ''* *+*+ '', ='+ ' '+' *+ BIO! + ' ' ' *+ ''. A ' + + * +' *+ *+', +>+ ?' +*+*' *' ' ++ *+ '+' *+ ' + ' '+ *+ +' ' ''+ + + *+'*, + '' ' ='+ + ++ '*+ PICA%E + +*+ '' ' '' +' ?+* ' '*, ? + ' '' '' ++*'* *+ +' *+ *+', *+ ''* *+ '*+ (<+' ' ' 3). D+ +, + +' PICA%E '+ '++ ' '' *+ '*+ ' *' '+' +' + ' ' + + *+'+ + + + + *+ ++ '+*+. $+' + ' ' 4 ' ''' *+ ' '' + + +'@' + '' + <' ' '' '*+ *+ PIC. A <' ' +' ' <+'' ? *+<+'' *+ +' PICA%E ++ ' , + *+ '+' + + + '' *+ ' '+' *+ '' '*+ PIC, ++'* *''' *+ ?/ +'+ BA!IC (' 5), '+, ?' +' *+ '+' ++ '++ ', + ' + '' +'-
P!og!ama'n e Pic" o! dag!ama e Fl#jo
67
Entorno de Trabajo para Microcontroladores
' ''. D++ ''' + '' '' + *''' *+ , ' ++' E*' +< *+' ' '' L' + ' <+ '' ''' PIC ? *+ ' ' ''+ '*+'+. L' ++' +' + + + ?' ''@' + +* *''' *+ *+ P' E* ' + ' *++ '+*+ ' '+' + L'. A + +' + + + '' ' <+ '*' ? '' '* ' <+ *++ ' ' +'.
Fig"ra 4 - l a aPliCaCin PrograMing Edi!or PErMi!E Con!r"ir PrograMa Para PiCa%E En diagraMa dE Fl"jo. ho&, la EMPrEa Ed"Ca!ion r E #ol"!ion oFrECE El PrograMa logiCa!or q"E !aMbi(n ir#E Para !rabajar Con lo PiC dE MiCroChiP. P"EdE dECargar gra!"i!aMEn!E "n Man"al CoMPlE!o obrE El ManEjo dE logiCa!or Con la Cla#E: *PiCa%ElogiC+.
A ' *+ +' ', + '+*+* ' ' ' ' ' *+ '' '*+ ' + +' PICA%E. P'' +, + ', ++'+ ' '+' *+ *+' *+ ' ' '+ +' '' + +*+ ' +*' '', +++ *+ *+ +'@' '' ', '<'@'+ + ''+ + **+ + +' ' '* +++ ' ? ' ' ''+ + .
*+ ' ' ' *'* *+ '' *''' *+ . A<+' *' ' ''+' *+ '*+ *+ ' + ' +' FLA!H.
Ventajas del sIstema PIcaxe
C *, + PICA%E + +' *+ '*+ PIC ? *+ '' ?' + @' +'+ BA!IC ? +, '*+68
Fig"ra 5 - E l PrograMing Edi!or PErMi!E PrograMar En baiC o Con#Er!ir El diagraMa dE Fl"jo En baiC.
Q#& " $ 'm " #" " PicaXe
PICAXE & L ogICAtor ogICAtor
E9: */954/+ +4 :+9 <+9/54+9 ;+ 954 + *+ 8 :+3/4'+9 (PICA%E-08), 18 :+3/4'+9 (PICA%E-18) ? 28 :+3/4'+9 (PICA%E28). E4 +9:59 3/554:5'*5+9 ?' 9+ :/+4+4 *+/4/*'9 '9 :+3/4'+9 ;+ :/+4+4 ' ;4/4 *+ +4:'*' ? 9'/*' *+ *':59, '*+39 *+ '9 :+3/4'+9 ;+ 9/<+4 '' 5'3' ' PICA%E +4 9/:/5, 5 +4 5:'9 '''9 95+ ' 3/93' '/'/4. E4 '9 /;'9 6, 7 ? 8 9+ 3;+9:'4 59 /;/:59 +9;+3:/59 *+ ' */959//4 *+ '*' ;45 *+ 59 3/554:5'*5+9 PICA%E.
E ' ' 6 + +' + ++ '' PICA%E *+ 8 +'+, *+ ' '+ ' + + *+'*' P1 E/!, P2 E/!, P3 E/! ? P4 E/!, +'+ + +*+ ' +'*' '*' *+ *' *+ +>+ '' + '*.
L' +'+ *+'*' !+' E ? !+' !', + @' '' '' ' '* ' '< *+ + ++ *+ ' PC, '' ' ' +'+ *+ + *+'* CON1 + '+ +' ' + DB9 *+ ' PC, ' + +' + ' ' 9. P ' '+, *+ ' ' ' 6 + +<' + ' +' *+'*' !+' !', + ' *+ , ? *++*+* *+ **+ + + + ++ + + + CON2, + Fig"ra 6 - CirC"i!o biCo dE En!rEnaMiEn!o Para El PiCa%E-08. * '' ' PIC +' ' +' ' <+@ ''* + PIC +* ' *+ ' +' *+ '*' *+ *'.
Fig"ra 7 - CirC"i!o biCo dE En!rEnaMiEn!o Para El PiCa%E-18.
D+ ++ *+ ' ' 7 + +<' ' ' + + + *+' ' +'+ *+ PICA%E *+ 18 +'+, *+ ' '+ ' + + ++' *+'*' E 0, E 1, E 2, E 6 ?
P!og!ama'n e Pic" o! dag!ama e Fl#jo
69
Entorno de Trabajo para Microcontroladores
E 7 *+*'*' +><'++ '' '* *' *+ +>+ '' + '*. L' +'+ + + ++' *+'*' *+ ' !' 0 ' !' 7 +><'++ '' +<' *' '' '+' *+ '*, +' + ' +'+ *+'*' !+' !' ? !+' E, + @' '' '' ' '*.
Fig"ra 8 - CirC"i!o biCo dE En!rEnaMiEn!o Para El PiCa%E-28.
E + *+ ' ' 8 + +' ' ' *+ +' ' PICA%E *+ 28 +'+, + **+ ''+ *+ ' +'+ *+ +'*' + + ++' *+*' E 0 ' E 7, ' + +' ' +'+ *+ '*' *+'*' !' 0 ' !' 7, '*+ *+ 4 +'+ '' +'*' *+ *' '', ? ' +'+ *+ '' *+ '*. &' + ' +'* + + +' PICA%E +++ *+ ''* '*, ?' + @' '++ + ''+ +'* ' + ++ *+ ' '*', ' + *++ + ' ++ ' 9. #' <+@ + ' * *+'*' ' +'+ ' @' + + + *+ + ++ *+ ' PC, '' + + + +'' ' +> '' + PIC '* + +' ' +'+, ' + '+' + ' ' 10. C + +*+ +<' + ' ' 10, + +*+ ++' (+ ++*'+) *+
70
@'* '' +' '* ' ' '*' *+ '* *+ ='' *', ? ++ '+ + DB9 + +>+ ? *+ '* + + , ' + ' + ' ' 11. A' +, ' '?' *+ ' '*' ++', ', ++ + !232 ? '' ' + ''+ ' ?+. E ++ ', + *++ @' + + +'@' ' ++' E*' +<, ' <+ #!B ' !232 + + ' +
Fig"ra 9 - lo PiCa%E E CoM"niCan Con la PC a !ra#( dEl P"Er!o CoM, "!ili'ando Pro!oColo r232
Q#& " $ 'm " #" " PicaXe
PICAXE & L ogICAtor ogICAtor
comenzando
a
trabajar con PIcaxe
PICA%E + +' + ++' *+ '' + @' +'+ BA!IC ? +, + ' ' '?' *+ +*'+ +*+ '+*+ *'++. L '*+ ( +' FLA!H) Fig"ra 10 - diagraMa dE arMado dEl CablE q"E E +*+ + ''"!ili'a Para PrograMar lo PiCa%E. * ' ? ' <+@ ' ++*'* *+ ''* PIC.
Fig"ra11 - #i!a dEl CablE dE PrograMaCin !ErMinado.
E +' ++' *+ ''*, '* + +' ++. E '' +*+ ++ + BA!IC +* *+ *''' *+ ? + '' +*'+ ' +> *+ + '+ +'*' ' + ++ *+ ' '*'. E +' PICA%E + + + ++ '+:
'+ E+' NG 240 + *+ !'+ 1) El "of#%a!e edi#o! de !og!amaci(n. E+' NG 284. E ' ' 12 *+ 2) El cable de cone&i(n al $e!#o "e!ial de +<' + + '' *+ la PC. + *+ * <+. ! *++' 3) El chi PICAXE. *+'+ *+ ''* +*+ + ' *' &' +'+ ++ +', '* +<'. "' +*+ ' <+ +' '+' *+ ' ''+' #!B ' ! 232 + *+ ' ' 13; + ++ '+ *+ + . $+' '' + ' *++ '+'+ + + *< ++ + + ='+ '. + + COM +', + *+, + +' *< HID, ?' + + ++ ' + <' ' +<.
el edItor P!og!ama'n e Pic" o! dag!ama e Fl#jo
71
Entorno de Trabajo para Microcontroladores
Fig"ra 12 - Para PodEr "!ili'ar "n i!EMa PiCa%E Con "na CoMP"!adora a !ra#( dEl P"Er!o "b E dEbE EMPlEar "n Con#Eror dE P"Er!o CoMo El Mo!rado En la Fig"ra & C"&a Con!r"CCin E E%PliC En abEr ElEC!rniCa n) 284.
de
Programas
L *+++ *+ +' *+ '*+ PICA%E, ++ ' ' '' '*' *+ '*+ PIC, '*' + ' '' ''*' + +'+ BA!IC ? *''' *+ . E '+ + '*+ *+ +' PICA%E +' ? + *+ '', + '++ ''+.
Fig"ra 13 - "n adaP!ador "b a r232
P'' '' '*+ 72
Q#& " $ 'm " #" " PicaXe
CoMErCial
PICAXE & L ogICAtor ogICAtor
PICA%E *++, + +' '', '' + ='+ + ++ + '++ *+ '', + *++ ' ' *+ '+.
Fig"ra 14 - CarPE!a ProgEdi!.
Fig"ra 15 - oF!$arE dE in!alaCin *PrograMMing Edi!or +.
! + ' ' *+ ++ +> <' ' +>' ' ' + ++' + P' E* (E* *+ P''), + ++' + ?' +' + '*'. E ='+ +*+ '' *+ +' ' *+ I++ + +* ?' + ===.=+++'..', *++ '+ + + '=* + +' ' '<+ PICA%EPO. ++*+ + '' '' '+ ' *++ + *+ !E, ' + ' ? +*+ + I++ + ' *+ (' ' + + * '' '' + '' ? +' '++ , ' +). #' <+@ + + +' + ='+, + ' ' '+' + + *+ +*, ' ' ' *++ '+*+ (+<+ ' ' 14).
Fig"ra 16 - #En!ana dE biEn#Enida Para la in!alaCin dEl oF!$arE dE lo PiCa%E.
L+ *++ +' ' ' '+' +* ? ++ + ' + '' *+'* P' E*, ' ' *++ '++ *+ + ' *+ ' '' + + + +++ ? + +*' '' + '' *+
P!og!ama'n e Pic" o! dag!ama e Fl#jo
73
Entorno de Trabajo para Microcontroladores
PICA%E, ' + +' + ' ' 15. #' <+@ + ++' + '' *+ '' P' E* ''++ ' <+4:'4' ;+ 9+ 3;+9:' +4 ' /;' 16, 95+ ' ;' *++359 *+ 5/3/ 54 + ':4 + ;'*5 /*+4://'*5 535 H4+>: '' ;+ 54:/4F+ ' /49:''/4. P+++ + *++'*' ' <+'' **+ + +' ' +' + *++ '+', + *+ ' '+' *+ ' ' '' *+ ='+, + +<'++ + + '* *+'* +>, +' ' + *' + ' ' 17. C ' ++, +' + + *+ ' + '++ @' + ='+, ' *+ '' ' '' '' + +*' + @'*' *' ' +' + + ' '*', ? *+ *+ ++' +' ' ++ + + '* *+'* +>, ' + +' + ' ' 18. P+++ *++ *+ + **+ + '*' + ='+ *+ '', + ++', ' ++ + *' *' ', ' + *+ + +' '' ' '*'*, ' + ' + ' ' 19. #' <+@ ++'*' ' +*++ +*++ ' '+ + + '* *+'* +>.
74
Fig"ra 17 - aC"Erdo dE liCEnCia.
Fig"ra 18 - inForMaCin dEl ""ario. P , ''++ ' <+'' *+ ' '' +' + *+ + *' + * + ++' +, + ' *++ + '* *+'* +> '' + + ' '', ' + '+' + ' ' 20. C'* + + ''* + ='+ + *' '++, ' + ' + ' ' 21, ' *++ ++' '' + + ++ *+ '', ' + ='+ *+ -
Q#& " $ 'm " #" " PicaXe
PICAXE & L ogICAtor ogICAtor
Fig"ra 19 - dE!ino dEl oF!$arE.
Fig"ra 20 - #En!ana dE ConFirMaCin dE da!o.
'' *' ' +' + + ++'*' PICA%E. E ' ' 22 + +' ' <+'' + *' + ?' + ' * ' '', + *++ + '* *+'* . #' <+@ ''* + ='+ *+ '' *+ PICA%E, + + + *+ +' PC +'+ *+ '+ *+ *+'* PICA%E P' E*, ' ', '' +@' ' '' '*+, *++ '+ *+ + + '' + + +++ + '', ' + +' + ' ' 23. E ' ' 24 + +<' ++ *+ '++ ' + +'+ BA!IC + *''' *+ . E <'' '+ +*' ' '* + ++' + +* *''' *+ *+ P' E* +, ' + *, '' > PICA%E *++ ++' + L', '@ ' ', '*+'+ +>'+ + '.
los
dIstIntos
tIPos
de
PIcaxe
Fig"ra 21 - #En!ana dE in!alaCin dEl oF!$arE.
E +' PICA%E '<+-
P!og!ama'n e Pic" o! dag!ama e Fl#jo
75
Entorno de Trabajo para Microcontroladores
Fig"ra 22 - iCono dE aCCEo rPido En El ECri!orio dE la PC. ' *' ' ''+' *+ '*+ *+ ' + ' +' FLA!H. E +' PICA%E + *+ + + *' <++ + :
De 8 #e!minale" (PICAXE-08),
Fig"ra 23 - lEng"ajE baiC Para PrograMar lo PiCa%E. De 14 #e!minale" (PICAXE-14), De 18 #e!minale" (PICAXE-18), De 20 #e!minale" (PICAXE-20), De 28 #e!minale" (PICAXE-28) ' De 40 #e!minale" (PICAXE-40).
E '*+ ?' ++ *+-
Fig"ra 24 - diagraMa dE Fl"jo Para PrograMar lo PiCa%E.
76
Q#& " $ 'm " #" " PicaXe
PICAXE & L ogICAtor ogICAtor
*' ' +'+ + ++ ' *+ +'*' ?/ '*' *+ *', '*+ *+ ' +'+ + <+ '' '' ' PICA%E + , + ' ''' + ' ' ''.
!abla 1 - di!in!o !iPo dE PiCa%E
H'+ '>'*'++ 6 ' + +@' ' + '+ + + +' PICA%E ' + !'+ E+', ? ' ' +' ' *+ '*+ PICA%E + ' + ++' + *<+ ?+, ?' + ++' *+'* * *+ +++ +'@', ', + '+ ' + +' + '' *+ '' *+ *+'' + ?+. I '+++ '*+ PICA%E, +' ''*' ' '' *+ '*+ PIC (?' + ' ++' M + + ''), + ' + ' ''*'* ' PICA%E ?' '+ ''*' ' '' + + +*+, *+ *+ +' PICA%E, ' '* ' ''* M. E ' '' 1 + +' ' ++ *+ '*+ PICA%E * +, ' ' '' + ++ ''*'.
!abla 2 - la Ma!rC"la dE lo PiCa%E.
P ' '+, + ' '' 2 + +' ' '' *+ '*+ PICA%E, + ?+ ' + + '+ ' +'*, '' + *+ +' '+', + +*' '+ + PICA%E *+ +++ '', ? <' '@+, + ' '' + '''*.
P!og!ama'n e Pic" o! dag!ama e Fl#jo
77
Entorno de Trabajo para Microcontroladores
!abla 3 - diFErEnCia En!rE lo PiCa%E P'' ' +* ' '*+ PICA%E, + ' '' 3 + +' ' '+ *++' ++ ' *' <++ + *+ +' ? '' + ''+ + PICA%E +*' ? PICA%E A<'@'*.
K Its PIcaxe
*:
tarjeta entrenadora PIcaxe-08 (Ica-011) !+ '' *+ ' +' '+' *+ ++'+ <+' '' '' '*+ PICA%E *+ 8 +'+ *+'* PICA%E - 08, ' 25.
A ' *+ ', + !'+ !+ ' '+' + *+ *+ ' *+ 4 E+', ' <' E/! (4 +'*' ? 4 '*'), + +' +'*+ PICA%E, *+ '+ '+ +* *+ '+ + ++ + ' *+ + #*. + ++, ?' + ' +'+ 3, 5, 6 ? 7 +*+ ' ++, ?' + * *+ '* PICA%E + ++ +. A ' ' *+ . ' ' *+ ?+ 'L' '+' ++'*' '' PICA%E - 08 78
Q#& " $ 'm " #" " PicaXe
PICAXE & L ogICAtor ogICAtor
++ ' *'* *+ +>' ' > ' +*'*+ *+ '+ PICA%E-08, ? ' + +*+ *+'' ?+ + **+ ' + ++ + +' ' +'+ *+ ++ ? ''*+ + ' +'+ + ++ *+'*' ' '+' ++'*'.
tarjeta entrenadora PIcaxe-18 (Ica-016) E ' +*' '+' *+ ++'+ <+' + !'+ E+' + '' '' '*+ PICA%E *+ 18 +'+ *+'* PICA%E - 18, ' 26. !+ ' '+' + *+ *+ ' *+ 5 +'*' ? 8 '*', *+ ' +'*' + +*+ *+ '' 3 '' @' + <+* ADC *+ '* PICA%E (*++*+ + 18, 18A,18%, 18M 18M2).
+' ' * +* '' <+' + +'* *+ ' '*', ? ' ++ * +' '' '+ * *+ ++,
Plc PIcaxe-18 (Ica-017) E PLC + + +' + ' ' 27 ' '' ' ' *+ ' ''+' ? <+'' + ' + '* PICA%E 18, ' ++ PLC '' 5 +'*' ? 8 '*', '' *+ ''+@' *'. E+ PLC +' ++< * *+ +'*' ? '*', '' '*' ++<'++, + ' ' +'*'
Fig"ra 26 - !arjE!a PiCa%E-18
!+ ' ' '+' + ++ +' *+ +>++' ' ' ' *+ 2 '' ++' +'* +*'+
'*' *+ *' *+ '* PICA%E - 18 + +*'. E+ PLC ++ * ++' '' ++' + '+ '' *', ?' + '' + +'+ + *+ +> , ++ PLC +++ 12 $CD '' '+'.
Fig"ra 25 - !arjE!a PiCa%E-08 '' '' ' +'+ *+ +'*' *+ '* PICA%E. A*+
control de dIsPlaY de lcd Para PIcaxe-18 (Ica-018) E *+ *'? + + +<' + '
P!og!ama'n e Pic" o! dag!ama e Fl#jo
79
