@\JCTF _UFMM L@@A L\FCAD@^J
TKU_ @J O\FCTKJN TBF BC\\[ U@TTF\ KJ_UK\FD L@@A L[ _O@TT B@IF\ - ^@\A KJ U\@N\F__ - VUDCTFD <4/35/<534 _O@TTB@IF\
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OMKOA BF\F G@\ TV\JTCLMF! TV\JTCLMF!
G@\F^@\D.. Dfcr \fcdfr/?D Crtkst/_tudfjt/Ur`gfssk`jcm/Ncif Crtkst/_tudfjt/Ur`gfssk`jcm/Ncif Crtkst, K orfctfd tbks l``amft durkjn _fptfilfr/@ot`lfr _fptfilfr/@ot`lfr `g <534, i`stmy cs c tfcobkjn ckd g`r s`if nufst mfoturfs/w`rasb`ps tbct K wcs g`rtujctf fj`unb t` bcvf tbf `pp`rtujkty t` ruj ct c gfw Vjkvfrsktkfs cr`ujd tbf VA. K bcvf kjtfjdfd `j puttkjn s`iftbkjn `g tbks jcturf t`nftbfr g`r c gfw yfcrs lut bcd jfvfr icjcnfd t` nft cr`ujd t` kt..Lfttfr mctf tbcj jfvfr fb0 *Cs y`u rfcd tbks l``amft pmfcsf lcrf kj ikjd tbct tbfsf tfobjkqufs *icy* j`t lf tbf ‒rknbt‛ tfobjkqufs, lut tbfy crf tbf `jfs tbct K usf cjd sb`umd lf o`jskdfrfd cs suob. _`if lkts icy sffi bcoay, lut K bcvf cmwcys trkfd t` tcaf tbf sb`rtfst r`utf t` iy dfskrfd n`cm mfcvkjn cs mkttmf ifss cm`jn tbf wcy. Tbf t``ms tbct K usfd t` orfctf tbf L``a crf krrfmfvcjt, fvfj tb`unb tbfrf ks s`if s`gtwcrf spfokgko stugg kj bfrf, tbks sb`umd ickjmy lf sffj cs c l``amft gumm `g or`ss-pmctg`ri or`ss-pmctg` ri tkps cjd trkoas, rctbfr tbcj c nukdf `j b`w t` usf cjy s`gtwcrf kj pcrtkoumcr. Kg tbfrf ks cjytbkjn kj bfrf y`u `lhfot t`, cjy ikstcafs `r spfmmkjn kssufs, pmfcsf o`jtcot if ct Kjg`E_o`ttb`ifr.o`.ua Kjg`E_o`ttb`ifr.o`.ua cjd cjd K‛mm d` iy lfst t` updctf cjd gkx cjy kssufs cs K n` cm`jn. K dfokdfd t` rfmfcsf tbks stugg g`r grff kj cj fgg`rt t` bfmp cjy`jf `ut tbct wcs kjtfrfstfd kj sffkjn b`w K put tbf L``a t`nftbfr, cjy`jf tbct jffdfd s`if kjsknbt kjt` c dkggfrfjt cppr`cob t` icakjn ?D crt, cjd umtkictfmy t` scy ‒tbcja y`u‛ t` cmm `g y`u cwfs`if crtksts `ut tbfrf. Bfrf n`fs j`tbkjn... _o`tt B`ifr - <3/35/<534
O@JTFJT_ I@@DL@C\D_ CJD UMCJJKJN @V\ @LHFOTKWF0 KIU@\TCJOF @G I@@DL@C\D_ CJD \FGF\FJOF ^@\AKJN T@ _OCMF, @J TBF N\KD
BKNB-U@M[ LVKMDKJN C AKT-LC_B _FT KIU@\TCJOF @G AKT-LC_BKJN O@JOFUTKJN/UMCJJKJN AKT-LC_B @\JCIFJT_ I@DFMMKJN @\JCIFJTCM UKFOF_ TBF KIU@\TCJOF @G _@GT FDNF_ LVKMDKJN TBF L@@A O@J_T\VOTKJN TBF ?D_ICR LC_F-IF_B XL\V_B TFOBJKSVF_ XL\V_B TFOBJKSVF_ O@JTKJVFD GKJCM XL\V_B I@DFM
M@^-U@M[ CJD LCAF_ M@^-U@M[ TBF@\[ C J@TF @J VW‛_ LCAKJN TBF@\[ LCAKJN TBF@\[ O@JTKJVFD LCAKJN KJ RJ@\ICM
TFRTV\F ICU_ C@ + DKGGV_F J@\ICM + DK_UMCOFIFJ DK_UMCOFIFJT T IFTCMJF__ + NM@__ UL\ TBF@\[ V_KJN \FGF\FJOF T@ KDFJTKG[ TFRTV\F DFTCKM
\FO@J_T\VOTKJN TBF M@^-U@M[
@V\ @LHFOTKWF0
T@ LCAF @V\ BKNB-U@M[ I@DFM @JT@ @V\ M@^-U@M[ I@DFM,^KTB@VT M@_KJN BKNB-U@M[ DFTCKM _O@TTB@IF\
[email protected] - _O@TTE_O@TTB@IF\
[email protected]
BKNB-U@M[ I@DFM ?D_ICR + AF[_B@T
M@^-U@M[ I@DFM ?D_ICR
LCAFD + TFRTV\FD IC\I@_FT T@@MLCN <
I@@DL@C\D_ CJD KDFC_ GKN C - I[ I@@DL@C\D
KIU@\TCJOF @G I@@DL@C\D_ CJD \FGF\FJOF I``dl`crds crf kjtfnrcm t` tbf dfsknj pr`ofss, tbfy crf usfgum g`r rcpkd Kdfc dfvfm`pifjt, cjd t` nkvf y`u tbf clkmkty t` put y`ursfmg kjt` tbf o`rrfot ‒pmcof‛ (ifjtcmmy) t` o`jtkjuf w`rakjn `j c pr`hfot fcob dcy. Tbfy crf c nrfct wcy t` nctbfr rfgfrfjof kicnfs cjd o`mmctf tbfi kjt` `jf pmcof, rctbfr tbcj bcvkjn t` sorul tbr`unb iumtkpmf kicnfs. G`r fcob cssft/pr`hfot/mfvfm K gkjd kt lfst t` nctbfr cs icjy pb`t`nrcpbko rfgfrfjofs cs p`ssklmf, fvfj g`r stymksfd p r`hfots, cmi`st fvfrytbkjn ks fktbfr nr`ujdfd kj rfcmkty `r bfcvkmy kjspkrfd ly trcdktk`jcm crt ifdkuis. K cmwcys try cjd tcaf pb`t`s `g cjytbkjn usfgum cs gkrst bcjd rfgfrfjof, suob cs GKN L tcafj `j c rfofjt vkskt t` Dksjfy ^`rmd kj Gm`rkdc. K o`mmfotfd c juilfr gr`i vcrk`us b`tfms, cjd fvfj vksktfd tbf Bcrry U`ttfr studk` t`ur kj `rdfr t` sjcp s`if gkrst bcjd rfgfrfjof g`r iy pr`hfot. K gkjd s` iftkifs wbfj y`u pbyskocmmy surr`ujd y`ursfmg wktb tbf sulhfot icttfr kt bfmps icaf orfctkjn c gkjcm pkfof fcskfr t` vksucmksf. GKN L - ^CMT-DK_JF[-^@\MD @\JCIFJT
LVKMDKJN TBF BKNB-U@M[ GK N C - V_KJN \FCM ^@\MD IFC_V\FIFJT_
GK N L - \@VJDKJN VU I FC FC_V\FIFJT_ T@ ^B@ MF MF JVILF\_
^@\AKJN T@ _OCMF, @J TBF N\KD ^`rakjn t` socmf ks oruokcm g`r cjy typf `g Fjvkr`jifjt Crt, fspfokcmmy kj Wkdf` Ncifs. ^`rakjn t` socmf fjsurfs tbct fvfrytbkjn wktbkj c sofjf ks o`rrfotmy pr`p`rtk`jfd rfmctkvf t` fcob `tbfr, s`iftbkjn tbct ocj umtkictfmy icaf `r lrfca c sofjf. Nfjfrcmmy ‒gkxkjn‛ socmf mctfr kjt` c pr`hfot ocj lf bunfmy pr`lmfictko, cjd `gtfj kip`ssklmf. ^bfj fxp`rtkjn crt t` c Ncif Fjnkjf, suob cs Vjrfcm Fjnkjf 4, tbf socmf `g tbf `lhfot ks afy g`r j`t `jmy fjsurkjn tbct tbf `lhfot ”gkts’ wktbkj tbf sofjf, lut cms` tbct tbf wcy tbf mknbt bkts tbf `lhfot ks ocmoumctfd cjd dkspmcyfd o`rrfotmy. ^bfj orfctkjn i`dumcr Fjvkr`jifjt Crt, uskjn tbf Nrkd wktbkj Icx/Icyc ks usfgum g`r fjsurkjn tbct i`dumcr pkfofs sjcp t`nftbfr cjd mkjf up wktb tb`sf jfxt t` tbfi. Ictobkjn tbf ?Dsicx/Icyc nrkd spcokjn t` tbf nrkd spcokjn kj Fjnkjf ks kip`rtcjt t` fjsurkjn tbct tbf skzf cjd p`sktk`jkjn `g cssfts wktbkj ?Dsicx ks rfprfsfjtctkvf `g tbf p`sktk`jkjn kj-ncif. ^bfj kjktkcmmy pmcjjkjn tbf l``a, K t``a tbf skzf `g cj C4 pkfof `g pcpfr (GKN C) cjd usfd tbct cs c lcsks g`r tbf skzf `g tbf l``a. K socmfd tbf lcsf-ifsb up t` fjsurf tbct tbf C4 pcpfr w`umd gkt wktbkj tbf fxtfjts `g tbf l``a o`vfr cjd tbfj sjcppfd tbf l`ujdkjn p`kjts t` tbfkr om`sfst nrkd p`kjts `j c 3oi nrkd.
LVKMDKJN C AKT-LC_B _FT Akt-lcsbkjn ks c tfobjkquf tbct bcs lffj usfd ly pbyskocm i`dfm lukmdfrs g`r yfcrs, tbfy tcaf prffxkstkjn sfts cjd lrfca tbfi cpcrt kj `rdfr t` usf tbfkr pkfofs kj tbfkr `wj i`dfms. Lukmdkjn gr`i sorctob `gtfj rfqukrfs c bunf tkif o`iiktifjt, B`wfvfr wktb akt-lcsbkjn wf crf clmf t` spfjd tbct tkif `jof, cjd tbfj usf tbf scif pkfofs `vfr cjd `vfr t` nrfct fggfot. C usfgum akt-lcsb sft ks nfjfrko fj`unb t` lf p`wfrgum kj icjy sktuctk`js, wktb fcob pkfof gkttkjn t`nftbfr wktb `tbfrs kj tbf scif sft t` lukmd c jfw, ujkquf pkfof. Icjy crtksts crf gcifd g`r akt-lcsbkjn, fipm`ykjn tbf ”w`ra sicrtfr, j`t bcrdfr’ cppr`cob t` crt t` fjsurf tbct tbfy crfj‛t wcstkjn tkif icakjn tbf scif tbkjn `vfr cjd `vfr.
KIU@\TCJOF @G AKT-LC_BKJN GKN C - AKT-LC_B UKFOF KJ ?D_ICR
T` tbf mfgt y`u ocj sff tw` fxcipmfs `g `rjcifjtcm gkmknrff orfctfd uskjn dkggfrfjt akt-lcsb pkfofs orfctfd g`r dkggfrfjt purp`sfs, tbfsf cssfts crf skipmy o`ilkjfd kj `rdfr t` orfctf jfw, lfsp`af pkfofs.
GKN L - ^K\FG\CIF AKT-LC_B UKFOF
Fcob o`ilkjctk`j tcafs mfss tbcj c ikjutf cjd ct tbct p`kjt tbf ickj o`jofrj ks fjsurkjn tbct tbf dfsknj gm`ws cjd tbct tbf wfknbtkjn cjd g`ri `g tbf `rjcifjt icafs sfjsf. Tbfsf `rjcifjts wfrf orfctfd gm`wkjn `utwcrds gr`i c ofjtrcm p`kjt, cs ks typkocm kj Lcr`quf `rjcifjtcm pcttfrjkjn. GKN O spfokgkocmmy wcs orfctfd wktb tbf purp`sf `g surr`ujdkjn c ikrr`r `r pkoturf, wktb cmm `g tbf gm`rcm fmfifjts mfcdkjn kjt` tbf g`ocm p`kjt (tbf ikrr`r ktsfmg!)
GKN O - CMTF\JCTF AKT-LC_B UKFOF KJ ?D_ICR
Fcob tkif c vcrkcjt `g c akt-lcsb pcrt ks orfctfd, tbfsf crf cddfd t` iy mklrcry `g cssfts, g`r rfusf kj tbf guturf. GKN D - @\JCIFJT GM@^
O@JOFUTKJN CJD UMCJJKJN AKT-LC_B @\JCIFJT_ GKN C - _FWF\CM KICNF_ UKFOFD T@NFTBF\
Kj i`st ocsfs, tbfrf wkmm lf c gckrmy usfgum @rjcifjt dfsknj cmrfcdy cvckmclmf `jmkjf t` usf cs c tfipmctf g`r y`ur ?D i`dfm, b`wfvfr s`iftkifs K wkmm gkjd c ocsf wbfrf tbfrf crf fmfifjts `g sfvfrcm sfpcrctf dfsknjs tbct K mkaf cjd wcjt t` o`ilkjf. Vsucmmy K wkmm tcaf tbfsf kicnfs cjd pkfof tbf fmfifjts t`nftbfr, cs sffj kj GKN C. Tbf gm`w ks iuob i`rf kip`rtcjt tbcj tbf wcy tbfy gkt t`nftbfr.
GKN L - UCKJT-@WF\ T@ O@ILKJF _FWF\CM FMFIFJT_
Kj GKN L K tbfj sft cl`ut pckjtkjn kj iy gm`w t` ujkgy tbf <-?-4 pkfofs `g `rjcifjt t`nftbfr cs c lcsks g`r iy dfsknj. Tbfsf crf kjvcmuclmf kj tbf pr`ofss `g o`jstruotkjn tbfsf `rjcifjts, cjd tbf pr`ofss sb`umd `jmy rfcmmy tcaf 6-35 ikjutfs t` o`ipmftf cjd wkmm fjsurf tbct y`ur `rjcifjt ‒w`ras‛ gurtbfr d`wj tbf mkjf. Kj GKN D y`u ocj sff tbf lcsks g`r `jf `g tbfsf @rjcifjts, K bcvf tcafj iy ”o`jofpt’ cjd trcofd tbf ”gm`w’ uskjn spmkjfs. Tbks wkmm cmm`w if t` ‒sjcp‛ iy vfrtkofs t` tbf spmkjf cjd icaf tbf h`l `g affpkjn tbkjns r`ujdfd cjd si``tb iuob i`rf coourctf cjd ikjkikzf tbf icjucm p`sktk`jkjn `g fcob vfrt kj `rdfr t` cobkfvf `ur sbcpf. GKN D- O@JOFUT V_FD C_ TBF LC_F G@\ C GM@\CM @\JCIFJT
GKN O - CMTF\JCTF AKT-LC_B O@JOFUT
GKN F - L@R I@DFMMKJN LFNKJ_, _JCUUKJN T@ _UMKJF
I@DFMMKJN @\JCIFJTCM UKFOF_ Kj `rdfr t` i`dfm tbf `rjcifjtcm pkfofs, K usfd tbf L`x I`dfmmkjn suldkvksk`j tfobjkquf kj ?Dsicx. Tbf prkjokpcm ks skipmf1 K lfnkj wktb c pmcjf prkiktkvf wktb 3 wkdtb cjd 3 bfknbt sfnifjt, cjd sjcp kt‛s vfrtkofs kjt` p`sktk`j cs ocj lf sffj kj GKN F (kj tbks ocsf, `j `ur gm`w spmkjf, orfctfd t` g`mm`w `ur o`jofpt) t` lfnkj iy i`dfm. Gr`i bfrf, K b`md sbkgt wktb wktb cj fdnf sfmfotfd t` drcn `ut fcob fdnf fxtrusk`j, bkttkjn _ t` t` fjclmf sjcps cmm`wkjn if t` sfmfot tbf vfrtkofs `g tbks jfw gcof cjd sjcp tbfi t` tbf spmkjf fjsurkjn tbct tbf p`mygm`w o`jg`ris t` tbf gm`w `g tbf `rjcifjt.
GKN G - _VL-D I@DFM G@MM@^KJN TBF GM@^ @G TBF @\JCIFJT
Cgtfr mcykjn d`wj iy lcsf t`p`m`ny, K sfmfot tbf m``ps kj tbf ikddmf `g iy gcofs (cs sffj kj GKN B) cjd drcn tbfsf kjt` p`sktk`j t` orfctf rkdnfs cjd cdd dfptb t` iy `rjcifjt. Obcigfrkjn tbfsf fdnfs ‒b`mds‛ tbfi kj p`sktk`j wbfj tbf i`dfm ks turl`si``tbfd. Kj GKN K y`u ocj sff b`w K bcvf o`mmcpsfd tbf fjds `g tbfsf obcigfrs kj `rdfr t` orfctf tbf rfo`njksclmf pkjobfs `r gmkoas ct tbf fjd `g iy `rjcifjt‛s turl`si``tbfd nf`iftry. GKN B - CDDKJN DFUTB T@ TBF @\JCIFJT ^KTB OBCIGF\_
GKN N - AKT-LC_B UKFOF TCAF_ _BCUF
GKN K - V_KJN T\KCJNMF_ T@ UKJOB
GKN C - KMMV_T\CTK@J @G TBF KIU@\TCJOF @G FDNF-_@GTJF__
TBF KIU@\TCJOF @G _@GT FDNF_
(_@V\OF8 BTTU8//\COF\446.O@I/ - FWCJ BF\LF\T)
Tbf kip`rtcjof `g s`gt-fdnfs bcs lffj c gkfrofmy dflctfd sulhfot g`r c juil fr `g yfcrs j`w. \fcmkstkocmmy `lhfots kj ‒rfcm mkgf‛ bcvf sbcrp fdnfs, `tbfrs d`j‛t..B` wfvfr wbfj wf crf orfctkjn bknb-p`my i`dfms g`r j`ricm icps, wf iust fxcnnfrctf `ur fdnfs kj `rdfr t` fjsurf tbct j`ricm icps crf lcafd `ut o`rrfotmy cjd stcjd up t` sorutkjy fvfj ct c dkstcjof. Kj GKN C, wf ocj sff b`w sbcrp fdnfs ‒dkscppfcr‛ ct c dkstcjof gcr qukoafr tbcj tb`sf tbct crf s`gtfr. Tbks ks skipmy lfocusf tbf j`ricm icp tfxturf `j tbf sbcrp fxcipmf‛s fdnfs `ooupkfs gcr mfss spcof tbcj tbf gujotk`jcm fxcipmf1 Cs tbf i`dfm cjd tfxturf skzf dforfcsfs (IKU_) tbfsf wkmm dkscppfcr. @jf `g tbf tfobjkqufs K usf t` s`gtfj iy fdnfs (rfncrdmfss `g b`w bcoay kt ks) ks t` usf c pusb i`dkgkfr kj Icx t` sultmy pusb iy fdnfs `utwcrds cjd s`gtfj tbf lfvfmmfd fdnfs. C skikmcr t``m fxksts kj Xlrusb, ocmmfd ”Kjgmctf’ wbkob w`ras kj tbf scif wcy. Tbfsf t``ms ‒socmf‛ `ur `lhfot cm`jn fcob vfrtkof‛s j`ricms t` ‒pugg‛ kt up. Tbf < fxcipmfs lfm`w (GKN L + O) sb`w s`if `g iy i`dfms cjd b`w s`gt tbfkr fdnfs rfcmmy crf kj tbf qufst g`r jkofmy si``tbfd fdnfs, fvfj ct c dkstcjof. GKN L - _@GT TV\L@ FDNF_
GKN O - V_F ‒UV_B‛ T@ BFMU _@GTFJ FDNF_
GKN C - @\JCIFJT GM@^ KMMV_T\CTFD
LVKMDKJN TBF L@@A ^bfj kt ocif tkif t` o`jstruot tbf l``a, K usfd tbf lcsf sbcpf `g tbf l``a cs c tfipmctf (cs `j pcnf 7) cjd lfncj t` qukoamy sff wbct akjd `g sbcpfs m``afd lfst. K pr`lclmy ktfrctfd wktb cl`ut ? `r 4 mcy`uts ujtkm K g`ujd `jf tbct K wcs rfcmmy bcppy wktb. K lfncj wktb dfgkjkjn tbf i`st kip`rtcjt ‒mkjfs‛ cjd w`rafd gr`i mcrnf t` sicmm kj `rdfr `g skzf cjd kip`rtcjof t` tbf `vfrcmm dfsknj `g tbf l``a. K ajfw tbct fcob skdf w`umd gfcturf c afy i`tkg, tbf gr`jt cjd skdf wktb tbf ‒B`nwcrts Orfst‛ cjd tbf lcoa wktb tbf ‒B`nwcrts‛ Kjmcy. ^ktb tbks kj ikjd K trkfd iy lfst t` bknbmknbt tbfsf cs tbf g`ocm p`kjt `g tbf l``a. Cddktk`jcmmy tbf gr`jt bcs ”Ur`g Cmlus Duilmfd`rf’ kj sor`mms ct tbf t`p cjd l`tt`i, wbkob K bknbmknbtfd uskjn cddktk`jcm gm`rcm `rjcifjts drcwkjn tbf fyf kjt` tbks tfxt. Tbks ocj lf rfmctfd lcoa t` nfjfrcm dfsknj, tbf o`jstruotk`j `g c ocr l`dy ks usucmmy lukmt cr`ujd afy gfcturfs, tbf mkjfs `g tbf ocr crf skipmy tbfrf t` pujotuctf tbfsf. GKN L - L@D[ MKJF_ KJ C OC\
GKN C - U\F-XL\V_B ?D_ICR I@DFM
O@J_T\VOTKJN TBF ?D_ICR LC_F-IF_B Tbfrf crf c gfw o`jskdfrctk`js tbct jffd t` lf tcafj kjt` coo`ujt lfg`rf lrkjnkjn tbf i`dfm kjt` Xlrusb cjd dftckmkjn tbf bknb-p`my t` cdd tbct fxtrc mfvfm `g dftckm cor`ss tbf ifsb. Dfjskty/Tfssfmmctk`j8 GKN L
Kdfcmmy `ur ifsb sb`umd bcvf fvfjmy dkstrklutfd p`myn`j dfjskty cor`ss tbf i`dfm t` cmm`w g`r tbf suldkvkdfd ifsb t` supp`rt tbf ifsb‛s `rknkjcm sbcpf. Ncps (GKN L) kj p`my dkstrklutk`j, wkmm ocusf tbf ifsb‛s rfs`mutk`j t` lf kjsuggkokfjt t` supp`rt dftckmkjn kj Xlrusb. _upp`rtkjn M``ps8 GKN O
Xlrusb‛s suldkvksk`j cmn`rktbi ks dkggfrfjt t` ?Dsicx‛s cjd cs c rfsumt Kt ks kip`rtcjt t` fjsurf tbct cjy bcrd fdnfs kj tbf i`dfm bcvf suggkokfjt supp`rtkjn m``ps kj pmcof kj `rdfr t` prfvfjt tbfi rftrcotkjn cjd dfg`rikjn `ur ifsb cs sb`wj kj GKN O.
GKN C - LC_F-IF_B KJ ?D_ICR
XL\V_B TFOBJKSVF_ GKN C sb`ws pcrt `g tbf lcsf-ifsb kj kt‛s `rknkjcm, sul-d i`dfmmfd g`ri wktbkj ?Dsicx, fcob `rjcifjtcm fmfifjt ks sfpcrctfd kjt` kt‛s `wj ifsb t` cmm`w g`r fcsy pmcofifjt cjd cdhustifjt. Tbfsf crf orudfmy p`sktk`jfd t` gkt tbf vksk`j K bcd kj ikjd.
GKN L - L@VNBT KJT@ XL\V_B C_ 3 T@@M
Kj GKN L K bcvf lr`unbt tbf gm`rcm fmfifjt kjt` Xlrusb cs cj .`lh, K usucmmy suldkvkdf tbf ifsb ct tbks p`kjt kj `rdfr t` o`ipmftfmy si``tb iy ifsb. Kj GKN O K bcvf usfd Nf`iftry - _pmkt - Nr`ups _pmkt t` spmkt tbf ifsb kjt` sfpcrctf sult``ms cmm`wkjn if t` w`ra `j fcob fmfifjt kjdfpfjdfjtmy `g tbf `tbfr fmfifjts cr`ujd kt.
GKN O - _UMKT KJT@ O@IU@JFJT UC\T_
GKN D - LCMCJOFD KJ XL\V_B
Kj GKN D K bcvf n`jf tbr`unb c pr`ofss `g fjsurkjn tbct fcob gm`rcm fmfifjt bcs tbf scif ci`ujt `g wfknbt cjd v`muif. Cs c rfsumt `g tbf akt-lcsbkjn pr`ofss (socmkjn fmfifjts up cjd d`wj) gm`rcm fmfifjts ocj `gtfj lf sknjkgkocjtmy tbkoafr tbcj tb`sf h`kjkjn t` tbfi. Kj `rdfr t` lcmcjof tbfsf fmfifjts `ut, K n` tbr`unb fcob sult``m uskjn Dfg`rictk`j - Kjgmctf cjd sultmy puip up fcob sult``m t` lcmcjof tbfi `ut cs kj GKN D. N\@VU_ _UMKT
KJGMCTF
GKN F - O\FCTKJN C LC_F G@\ TBF @\JCIFJT
XL\V_B TFOBJKSVF_ O@JTKJVFD GKN F - sb`ws c pr`ofss kj wbkob K ifrnf cmm `g iy sult``ms t` c jfw sult``m (_ult``m - Ifrnf Wksklmf , tbfj Cppfjd tbf _ult``m kjt` tbf ourrfjt Xt``m) cjd tbfj cnckj usf Dfg`rictk`j - Kjgmctf t` kjorfcsf tbf wfknbt `g tbf ifrnfd sult``m. Vskjn tbf Fdkt - I`vf (Trcjsp`sf t``m) K tbfj socmf tbks ifrnfd fmfifjt kj tbf X cxks kj `rdfr t` orfctf c lcsf g`r tbf `rjcifjt cs sffj kj GKN K.
GKN G - DFTCKMKJN KJ XL\V_B
GKN K. _KDF U\@GKMF @G TBF LC_F
GKN G - K lfncj t` dftckm iy `rjcifjt ly s`gtmy rfi`vkjn orksp fdnfs uskjn tbf Omcytulfs cjd cjd TrkiDyjciko lrusb. Tbks bfmps t` l`tb cdd wfcr t` tbf i`dfm, cjd orfctf rcjd`i dcicnf kj tbf j`ricms wbkob wkmm octob tbf mknbt cjd nkvf tbf cssft s`if mkgf. GKN N - I@\F DFTCKMKJN KJ XL\V_B
GKN N - Cs tbf i`dfm pr`nrfssfs tbf bcrd, sbcrp fdnfs crf fr`dfd cwcy cjd tbf ujkgkfd mfvfm `g dci cnf lrkjns cmm `g tbf fmfifjts t`nftbfr. GKN B - Kj tbf fxcipmf (spkjf `g tbf l``a) K bcvf dftckmfd tbf i`dfm‛s fdnfs wbfrfvfr p`ssklmf. [`u ocj sff b`w rfmctkvf t` tbf socmf `g tbf l``a, tbf cddfd dftckm lfo`ifs sicmm cjd skipmy sfrvfs t` cdd sicmm bknbmknbts cjd fjbcjof tbf rfcmksi rctbfr tbcj sknjkgkocjtmy obcjnf kj tbf sbcpf `g tbf i`dfm. GKN B - FRCIUMF @G XL\V_B DFTCKMKJN KJ U\COTKOF
GKJCM XL\V_B I@DFM
GKJCM XL\V_B I@DFM, \FCD[ G@\ LCAKJN CJD TFRTV\KJN. _O@TTB@IF\
[email protected] - _O@TTE_O@TTB@IF\
[email protected]
GKN C - TBF M@^-U@M[ I@DFM ^KTB TBF DFOKICTFD XL\V_B IF_B
M@^-U@M[ TBF@\[ Tbf m`w-p`my i`dfm g`ris tbf lcsks `g tbf kj-ncif i`dfm, kt ks tbf ocjvcs `j wbkob `ur j`ricms crf lcafd cjd tbf tfxturfs crf dkspmcyfd. Nfjfrcmmy kt‛s lfst t` icaf surf tbct tbf m`w-p`my ks cs skipmf cs p`ssklmf. _kmb`ufttf ks tbf i`st kip`rtcjt tbkjn bfrf, tbf j`ricm cjd bfknbt icps wkmm d` tbf rfst `g tbf w`ra. Tbf p`wfr `g tbf j`ricm/bfknbt icps sb`umd jfvfr lf ujdfrfstkictfd, kt ks pfrgfotmy p`ssklmf t` orfctf c si``tb fdnfd m`w-p`my i`dfm wktb hust < gcofs ifftkjn ct c ;5 dfnrff cjnmf. _i``tbkjn nr`ups crf afy t` fjsurkjn tbct j`ricm icps crf lcafd `ut sfcimfssmy. Tbf m`w-p`my cjd bknb-p`my crf usucmmy spmkt cpcrt (`r fxpm`dfd) prk`r t` tbf lcakjn pr`ofss kj `rdfr t` fjsurf tbct fcob fmfifjt lcafs sfpcrctfmy gr`i tbf rfst `g tbf i`dfm. Nfjfrcmmy kt ks afy t` cki t` orfctf c m`w-p`my i`dfm tbct o`ipmftfmy fjocpsumctfs tbf sbcpf `g tbf ifsb, b`wfvfr dftckms tbct crf n`kjn t` lf lcafd `jt` tbf surgcof ocj omkp tbr`unb tbf surgcof `g tbf m`w-p`my cs sb`wj kj GKN L. GKN L - TBF M@^-U@M[ ^KTB TBF BKNB-U@M[ (N\F[)
C J@TF @J VW‛_ GKN C - TBF L@@A‛_ VW‛_, ^KTB UMFJT[ @G _UCOF LFT^FFJ FCOB VW K_MCJD.
^bfjfvfr K orfctf iy VW‛s, K cmwcys cki t` cdd pmfjty `g pcddkjn lftwffj fcob VW ksmcjd, tbks ks tbf sforft t` nrfct, w`rakjn tfxturfs. Tbf i`rf pcddkjn lftwffj fcob VW ksmcjd, tbf si``tbfr `ur fdnfs wkmm lf cjd tbf lfttfr qucmkty `ur j`ricm icps wkmm lf. Tbks ks c tfobjkquf t` gkx cj `ptkikzctk`j tbct i`st ncifs fjnkjfs usf, skipmy put, cs tbf pmcyfr i`vfs cwcy gr`i cj `lhfot, `ur tfxturfs crf rfduofd kj skzf, ocuskjn lmffd gr`i `jf VW ksmcjd t` cj`tbfr. Tbf i`rf pcddkjn wf cdd, tbf mfss fvkdfjt tbks ks. _ff GKN L. GKN L - UMFJT[ @G UCDDKJN KJ @V\ J@\ICM ICU
C
L
^fmdfd VW‛s cjd 3 _N‛s _pmkt VW‛s cjd spmkt _N‛s Vsfgum g`r @rncjko sbcpfs Vsfgum g`r Bcrd _urgcof
LCAKJN TBF@\[
O
^fmdfd Vv‛s cjd _pmkt _N‛s Ocusfs sfcis cjd lr`afj
Kj tbf fxcipmfs t` tbf mfgt, K ci sb`wkjn ? dkggfrfjt tfobjkqufs t` lcaf j`ricms, C cjd L crf l`tb rknbt b`wfvfr kj tbks kjstcjof tfobjkquf L ks tbf o`rrfot tfobjkquf t` orfctf nrfct rfsumts gr`i `ur m`w-p`my ifsb. Bknb-p`my I`dfm - Turl`si``tbfd wktb s`gt fdnfs
Nfjfrcmmy spfcakjn, wbfj wf crf ift wktb cj cjnmfd o`rjfr suob cs kj GKN C, cjytbkjn om`sf t` ;5 dfnrffs sb`umd bcvf cj bcrd fdnf. _pmkttkjn tbf si``tbkjn nr`ups mkaf tbks ks afy t` fjsurkjn tbct `ur j`ricm icps crf lcafd o`rrfotmy. GKN C - V_KJN _I@@TBKJN N\@VU_ O@\\FOTM[
M`w-p`my I`dfm, oulf o`jskstkjn `g 7 skdfs (3< trkcjnmfs) C8 3 si``tb nr`up L8 _pmkt si``tbkjn nr`ups, ujkquf nr`ups pfr gcof. O8 _pmkt si``tbkjn nr`ups, ujkquf
M`w-p`my i`dfm cjd Bknb-p`my i`dfm cmknjfd
Fcob tkif wf spmkt `ur si``tbkjn nr`ups (cs sffj kj Gkn C) wf IV_T cms` sfpcrctf `ur VW‛s kjt` kjdkvkducm VW ksmcjds. Cs sffj kj GKN L. GKN L - _UMKTTKJN @V\ VW‛_ COO@\DKJN T@ _I@@TBKJN N\@VU_
VW‛s g`r M`w-p`my I`dfm. C8 Vjg`md icppfd, cmm gcofs o`jjfotfd cjd wfmdfd t`nftbfr, vfrtkofs wfmdfd. L8 Fcob gcof spmkt gr`i tbf cdhcofjt gcof. O8 Vjg`md icppfd, cmm gcofs o`jjfotfd cjd wfmdfd t`nftbfr, vfrtkofs wfmdfd.
C
L
^fmdfd VW‛s cjd 3 _N‛s _pmkt VW‛s cjd spmkt _N‛s Vsfgum g`r @rncjko sbcpfs Vsfgum g`r Bcrd _urgcof
LCAKJN TBF@\[ O@JTKJVFD
O
^fmdfd Vv‛s cjd _pmkt _N‛s Ocusfs sfcis cjd lr`afj
Tbf l`x wktb c pr`hfotk`j i`dkgkfr lcsfd ocnf.
@ur lcafs gr`i Rj`ricm. Fxcipmf C‛s j`ricms crf vfry w`llmy, cjd cs c rfsumt tbfy wkmm o`iprfss lcdmy. Fxcipmf L bcs jkof, si``tb J`ricms, wktb pmfjty `g pcddkjn t` cmm`w g`r o`rrfot si``tbkjn. Fxcipmf O sb`ws jkof cjd si``tb J`ricms b`wfvfr wktb j` pcddkjn tbfy wkmm bcvf sfcis `j tbfkr fdnfs
Kj tbf o`jtkjufd fxcipmf `j tbf mfgt, wf ocj sff b`w kj fcob fxcipmf wf crf uskjn c pr`hfotk`j ocnf. C ocnf ks usfd t` mkikt tbf dkstcjof gr`i tbf m`w-p`my ifsb tbct tbf j`ricm icp rfjdfrfr (Rj`ricm kj tbks ocsf) pr`hfots kt‛s rcys t` ocpturf tbf bknb-p`my dftckm `jt` tbf m`w-p`my ifsb‛s VW‛s. Kj `rdfr t` orfctf c ocnf tbct Rj`ricm ocj ‒rfcd‛ wf iust gkrst trkcjnumctf `ur m`w-p`my i`dfm, wf d` tbks ly pmcokjn cj Fdkt Ifsb i`dkgkfr `j-t`p `g `ur m`w p`my. (_ff GKN C). Gr`i bfrf wf ocj cdd c Ur`hfotk`j i`dkgkfr, t` orfctf `ur ocnf. Kj `rdfr t` fdkt tbf fxtfjt `g `ur ocnf, wf ocj usf tbf ‒pusb‛ smkdfr t` fjocpsumctf `ur bknb-p`my. GKN C - _FTTKJN VU @V\ U\@HFOTK@J OCNF
@ur j`ricms cppmkfd t` tbf m`w-p`my nf`iftry.
T` fxp`rt `ur ifsb kjt` Rj`ricm, sfmfot tbf m`w-p`my cjd bkt GkmfFxp`rt - Fxp`rt _fmfotfd- _cvf cs Typf - Rj`ricm ._LI Fxp`rtfr cjd fxp`rt tbf ifsb wktb cj cppr`prkctf jcif. @ur gkjcm rfsumts. Fxcipmf C bcs w`llmy j`ricms, dfg`rikjn kj tbf mknbt. Fxcipmf L bcs si``tb fdnfs cjd si``tb j`ricms. M``as sfcimfss. Fxcipmf O bcs lmcoa sfcis cor`ss kt‛s fdnfs.
GKN L - FRU@\TKJN TBF M@^-U@M[ C_ C ._LI GKMF.
GKN C - @V\ GKJCM M@^-U@M[ U\@HFOTK@J OCNF, _FT VU KJ ?D_ICR
LCAKJN KJ RJ@\ICM Ct tbks p`kjt K bcvf, cs ocj lf sffj kj GKN C, iy m`w-p`my wktb tbf pr`hfotk`j ocnf o`rrfotmy sft up t` fjo`ipcss iy fjtkrf bknb-p`my ifsb. ^f j`w jffd t` m`cd `ur ifsb kjt` Rj`ricm, cs kj GKN L. GKN L
Kj GKN O wf ocj sff tbct kj `rdfr t` usf tbf pr`hfotk`j ocnf wf iust sfmfot ”Vsf Ocnf’ gr`i tbf m`w-p`my tcl. GKN O
Kj GKN D, wf bcvf j`w m`cdfd `ur Bknb-p`my gkmf kjt` Rj`ricm, fxp`rtfd cs cjy coofptfd gkmf g`rict (kjomudkjn .@LH) GKN D
Kj GKN F, wf crf rfcdy t` lcaf `ur ifsb (kt‛s tbct fcsy t` sft up!) Cs ifjtk`jfd lfg`rf, tbf i`rf pcddkjn tbf lfttfr, s` orcja tbct rknbt up cjd bkt ‒Nfjfrctf Icps‛ t` rfjdfr tb`sf j`ricms! GKN F
TFRTV\F ICU_
GKJCM XL\V_B I@DFM, \FCD[ G@\ LCAKJN CJD TFRTV\KJN. _O@TTB@IF\
[email protected] - _O@TTE_O@TTB@IF\
[email protected]
C@ ICU
DKGGV_F/CMLFD@ ICU
C\FC_ @G CILKFJT _BCD@^ (J@T OCV_FD L[ DK\FOT MKNBT) C\F OCUTV\FD KJ TBF C@ ICU. TBK_ K_ V_FD
TBF CMLFD@ ICU K_ TBF ‒O@M@V\‛ @G TBF @LHFOT. KJ C UL\ ^@\A-GM@^ TBF CMLFD@ ICU _B@VMD J@T O@JTCKJ
J@\ICM_ ICU
DK_UMCOFIFJT/BFKNBT ICU
TBF J@\ICM ICU DFGKJF_ TBF ^C[ KJ ^BKOB MKNBT KJTF\COT_ ^KTB TBF @LHFOT. @V\ N@CM K_ T@ LCAF
TBF BFKNBT ICU K_ LCAFD CT TBF _CIF TKIF C_ TBF J@\ICM_/C@, KT OCUTV\F_ TBF W@MVIF @G TBF
IFTCMJF__ ICU (@GTFJ WC\KF_ LFT^FFJ \FJDF\F\_)
NM@__/\@VNBJF__ ICU (KJWF\_F KJ _@IF NCIF_ FJNKJF_)
TBF IFTCMJF__ ICU DFGKJF_ TBF LC_F U\@UF\T[ @G TFRTV\F. ^BKTF/MKNBT C\FC_ C\F IFTCM, CJD LMCOA TBF NM@__/\@VNBJF__ ICU DFGKJF_ TBF TKNBTJF__ @G TBF _UFOVMC\ BKNBMKNBT_. G@\ FRCIUMF C WF\[
GKN C - UL\ DFI@J_T\CTK@J KJ IC\I@_FT T@@MLCN <
UL\ TBF@\[ Ubyskocmmy Lcsfd \fjdfrkjn ks c pr`nrciikjn s`mutk`j t` cj cnf `md pr`lmfi kj Ncifs \fjdfrkjn. Bkst`rkocmmy, spfoumcr cjd nm`ss vcmufs wfrf lcsfd `j crlktrcry vcmufs tbct typkocmmy bcd mkttmf `r j` rfmctk`j t` tbf wcy tbct spfoumcrkty w`ras kj rfcm mkgf. ^bfj wf orfctfd ncifs prf-UL\, spfoumcr vcmufs w`umd `gtfj vcry nrfctmy cor`ss mfvfms, rfsumtkjn kj fcob `lhfot‛s pr`pfrtkfs jffdkjn t` lf twfcafd icjucmmy cor`ss tbf ncif kj `rdfr t` ujkgy tbfi. UL\ cddrfssfs tbks ly uskjn rfcm-w`rmd ifcsurfd spfoumcr vcmufs tbct crf ujkgkfd cor`ss tbf l` crd. \fncrdmfss `g tbf rfjdfrfr, kg y`ur tfxturfs crf UL\ o`rrfot, y`ur icps *sb`umd* w`ra kj tbf scif wcy. Cs y`u ocj sff kj GKN C, _pfoumcr/Iftcmjfss n`vfrjs tbf rfgmfotkvkty cjd iftcmmko pr`pfrty `g tbf surgcof. Tbks sb`umd rfcmmy lf cj @J/@GG dfcm ( kj rfcm mkgf, surgcofs crf fktbfr iftcm `r j`t) b`wfvfr dkrty iftcm icy gcmm kjt` tbf nrfy crfc lftwffj tbf tw`. [`u ocj cms` sff b`w Nm`ss/\`unbjfss n`vfrjs tbf sbcrpjfss `g surgcof rfgmfotk`js, wktb r`unbfr mfss nm`ssy surgcofs bcvkjn lknnfr mfss dfgkjfd rfgmfotk`js cor`ss tbfkr fjtkrf surgcof. Nm`ss/\`unbjfss icps *ocj* o`jtckj gcr i`rf dftckm tbcj _pfoumcr icps, nfjfrcmmy tbfy cmm`w g`r i`rf icjucm twfcakjn wktb`ut lrfcakjn UL\.
GKN C - DK\T[ @\JCTF DFTCKM
V_KJN \FGF\FJOF T@ KDFJTKG[ TFRTV\F DFTCKM \fgfrfjof ks afy t` ocpturkjn rfcmkty, kj tbf tfxturkjn pbcsf K tfjd t` pkoa `ut sfvfrcm afy kicnfs cjd ks`mctf wbct icafs tb`sf surgcofs w`ra tbf wcy tbct tbfy d`. G`r fxcipmf kj GKN C, y`u ocj sff dkrt tbct bcs o`mmfotfd kj tbf dffp orfvkofs, nkvkjn tbf surgcof tbf cppfcrcjof `g bcvkjn cj cmi`st ‒Cilkfjt @oomusk`j‛ dkrt pr`pfrty. Kj GKN L, K mkaf b`w tbf i`st `utwcrd surgcofs (wbkob w`umd rfofkvf tbf i`st bcjdmkjn gr`i tbf usfr) crf tbf i`st si``tb cjd rfgmfotkvf. K wcjtfd t` ocpturf tbks ly si``tbkjn iy `utwcrd crfcs cms` cjd cddkjn tbks rfgmfotkvkty kj iy UL\ sft up. Kj GKN O, K usfd tbks fxcipmf `g w`rj pckjt cs rfgfrfjof g`r tbf w`rj pckjt `j tbf B`nwcrts Orfst, tbks sb`ws tbf wcy pckjt gmcafs `gg wbfj bfcvkmy dcicnfd/dksturlfd. Kj GKN D y`u ocj sff b`w dust o`mmfots `j tbf t`p-i`st gcofs `g tbf iftcm surgcofs. K trkfd t` ocpturf tbks kj iy i`dfm ly uskjn tbf j`ricm icp t` sfmfot tbf t`p-i`st surgcofs cjd mknbtfjfd tbfsf kj c skikmcr gcsbk`j.
GKN L - @\JCTF OC_T IFTCM _I@@TB, _BKJ[ _V\GCOF_
GKN O - ^@\J UCKJT TFRTV\F
GKN D - DV_T @J T@U GCOF_ @G C _V\GCOF
\F-O@J_T\VOTKJN TBF M@^-U@M[ GKN C - VW‛_ CJD ^K\F_ KJ ICR
GKN L - DKGGV_F + M@^-U@M[ KJ ?D_ICR
GKN O - TFRTV\FD, \FJDF\FD M@^-U@M[
Cgtfr o`ipmftkjn tbf tfxturkjn cjd lcakjn p r`ofss, tbf fxpm`dfd i`dfm ks rfcdy t` lf rfo`jstruotfd. Vskjn tbf `rknkjcm bknb-p`my i`dfm cs c tfipmctf K rfo`jstruotfd tbf m`w-p`my i`dfm `g tbf l``a ly bcjd. GKN C kmmustrctfs tbf VW icppfd m`w-p`my i`dfm, wktb o`jskstfjt obfqufrl`crd pcttfrkjn, t` sb`w tbct tbf dfjskty `g tbf VW‛s ks o`jskstfjt cor`ss tbf ifsb. GKN L sb`ws tbf m`w-p`my i`dfm kj ?dsicx wktb tbf dkggusf icp `jmy. GKN O sb`ws tbf m`w-p`my wktb cmm tbf UL\ n``djfss o`ilkjfd wktb tbf Dkspmcofifjt cjd Tfssfmmctk`j `j-t`p.
TBCJA [@V G@\ MK_TFJKJN! _O@TTB@IF\
[email protected] - _O@TTE_O@TTB@IF\
[email protected]