C_[Ç[GOB W OH@YH_GOGßA 5922(5925
oh`ca{bugh ouà{goh
_BECU ^CU LB BURSG[CO[SUB LB BURSG[CO[SUB
Eusah Zc~g
DBUOÀB @BUÀA, BKUGÂA ?º DUBKH CA BURSG[CO[SUB SYO[
C_[Ç[GOB W OH@YH_GOGßA 5922(5925
OH@CA[BUGH OUÀ[GOH
_becu ~cu _becu ~cu lb lb bursg{co{sub Oha cs{c lgeuh cl burg{co{h g{blgbah Euah Zc~g yuc{cakc ucblgzbu a cs{kgh sheuc lb c~hlogÿa kc lb ouà{gob w lb yuhygb mgs{hugb kc lb burg{co{ub mbs{b lhs bòhs yuÿ}g`hs b s yelgobogÿa ca 27;=! B lh lbudh kc {hkh cl kho`ca{h sc bablgzb lb uclbogÿa c}gs{ca{c ca{uc lb shogckbk, lhs `ckghs kc oh`agobogÿa, lb cohah`àb, lb ckobogÿa w lb burg{co{ub kca{uh kc lb mgs{hugb! _ga yuc{cakcu yuhnakgzbu ca agadab kc lbs ocs{ghacs ylba{cbkbs, ycuh sà kcjbakh ohas{baogb kc lb yuhelc`â{gob kc lb `bwhuàb kc cllbs ca lhs kgncuca{cs ycuàhkhs! Ca cl gagogh kcl lgeuh, cl b{hu c}yhac lb gdahubaogb rc cl ogkbkbah kc b ygc {gcac sheuc lb burg{co{ub! Yhac kc `bagngcs{h s sg{bogÿa `âs g`yhylbu nuca{c b lb kc h{ubs bu{cs oh`h lb yga{ub, lb lg{cub{ub, cl ogac h lb `úsgob rc sha esobkbs w ucolb`bkbs yhu lhs sbughs, bkc`âs kc ohl`bu yelgoboghacs ca `ckghs kc oh`agobogÿa! Cl burg{co{h g{blgbah yuhyhac a ob`egh ca cl lcadbjc kc lb burg{co{ub, mgu kc lhs {çu`gahs b`egdhs rc oha nucocaogb sba lhs burg{co{hs ybub kcngagu ss heubs w yuhoubu bocuobu lb c}yucsgÿa b lb cscaogb kc lb burg{co{ub, kc `bacub rc oha cs{b olbugkbk ca cl `casbjc, cl yúelgoh sc ~cb b{ubàkh w b`ca{c bsà s bsà s ga{cuçs yhu lb `b{cugb! Ca obyà{lhs sgdgca{cs Euah Zc~g mbelb sheuc cl csybogh ca lb burg{co{ub w s ucyucsca{bogÿa! Ybub cllh cl b{hu yhac ca ~blhu cl csybogh dcacubkh yhu cl clc`ca{h burg{co{ÿagoh ca s c}{cughu w ss kg~cusbs uclboghacs, b lb ~cz rc cl csybogh rc sc oucb ca cl ga{cughu, boca{bakh lb `buobkb uclbogÿa ca{uc cl csybogh yhsg{g~h w cl acdb{g~h! Ybub ycuogegu lhs ohaocy{hs ba{cs og{bkhs cl sbugh yhkuâ bkca{ubusc ca cllhs `ckgba{c kgejhs h nh{hdubnàbs! Yhac kc `bagngcs{h lbs kcngogcaogbs kc cs{hs `ç{hkhs kc ucyucsca{bogÿa w bldabs bl{cuab{g~bs ybub shl~ca{bulbs oh`h ncuha lbs c}ycugcaogbs oegs{bs w lb ga{uhkoogÿa kc lb obu{b kg`casgÿa ca lb ucyucsca{bogÿa! [b`egça og{b cl b~baoc rc syhac lb ga{uhkoogÿa kc lb ogac`b{hdubnàb w lhs ucohuugkhs sejc{g~hs rc lb oâ`bub `buob bl sbugh rc ~c cl ~àkch! Llcdbkhs b cs{c ya{h w bablgzbkbs lbs kgncuca{cs ~àbs kc ycuogegu cl csybogh, cl b{hu llcdb b lb ohaolsgÿa kc rc s ca{cakg`gca{h {h{bl sÿlh cs blobazbelc cs{bakh kca{uh kc çl! Sa sbugh sÿlh bkrgcuc lb c}ycugcaogb {h{bl kcl csybogh oucbkh yhu lb burg{co{ub obakh lh ~gsg{b, obakh yckc dgbu s ~gs{b ca{uc lbs ycusyco{g~bs rc ga{wc, ca{uc lb uclbogÿa csybogh’ csybogh’~boàh, ca{uc lbs yuhyhuoghacs, ohlhucs w kc`âs clc`ca{hs6 {hkh cllh oha lb ngablgkbk, oh`h csougec cl b{hu, kc “~g~gu lhs ~g~gu lhs csyboghs oha ab bkmcsgÿa ga{cdubl w ga{cdubl w hudâagob‐ hudâagob‐ ! Ca cl obyà{lh khakc sc {ub{ba lbs kg~cusbs ckbkcs kcl csybogh, Euah Zc~g ucblgzb a uâygkh ~gs{bzh sheuc lhs yugaogyblcs `h~g`gca{hs ol{ublcs kc lb mgs{hugb mbogcakh ohu{bs ybsbs sheuc lhs b~baocs h ah~ckbkcs rc `buobuha obkb ah kc cllhs! Bsà ycs, Bsà ycs, {ub{b oÿ`h lhs ~hlú`cacs dugcdhs sc ~ca yuhyhuoghabkhs yhu lb csoblb m`bab6 `gca{ubs rc ca lb çyhob uh`bab scuâ cl csybogh ga{cughu w s naoghablgkbk cl yuh{bdhags{b6 a csybogh ga{cughu oha ogcu{h obuâo{cu cs{â{goh rc scuâ kgncuca{c bl kc lbs ohas{uooghacs ougs{gbabs w ss ucohuugkhs `buobkhs yhu kguco{ugocs, oh`h houuc ca cl @bshlch kc _ba{b Ohas{bazb -?39'6 {b`egça kuba{c lb çyhob egzba{gab sc yug`buâ cl kgab`gs`h kc lhs ucohuugkhs ca{uc lhs csyboghs, b kgncucaogb kc lh rc houuguâ yhs{cughu`ca{c ca ckgngoghs oh`h _ba{b @buàb ga Ohs`ckga -nga kcl s! ^GGG' khakc cl csybogh cs hoybkh yhu kg~cushs clc`ca{hs rc g`ygkca lb oucbogÿa kc kgombs kguco{ugocs w dubakcs ycusyco{g~bs! Kuba{c lb çyhob kcl Uh`âagoh sc boca{buâ lb ohaoca{ubogÿa kc {hkhs lhs clc`ca{hs kcl ckgngogh w sc ~blhubuâ lb agkbk kc {ub`hs {ugkg`casghablcs ca sà `gs`hs, rc oguoasougeca cl csybogh ga{cuah! Ca lb çyhob dÿ{gob lhs csyboghs kcs{bobuâa yhu a bebakhah kc lb csoblb m`bab w ab `buobkb csecl{cz, bsà oh`h bsà oh`h lb c}gs{caogb kc kg~cusbs kguco{ugocs kca{uh kc lhs ckgngoghs w ss ouocs! Ca cl sgdlh ]^ Euah Zc~g kcs{bob lb ohaocyogÿa ag{bugb rc sc yuc{cakc kbu lhs csyboghs, rc oh`gcazba b bu{golbusc `ckgba{c csrc`bs kc ylba{b oca{ubl khakc sc clg`gaba clc`ca{hs `cahucs, oh`h mboc Lcha Eby{gs{b Blecu{g ca _ba Bakucb kc @ba{b -gagogbkb ca 2;49'! Kcs{bob ca cl sgdlh ]^G 2 _BECU ^CU LB BURSG[CO[SUB LB BURSG[CO[SUB
C_[Ç[GOB W OH@YH_GOGßA 5922(5925
lbs oh`yhsgoghacs ylâs{gobs w ~hl`ç{ugobs yblybelcs ca lbs ~gllbs kc Bakucb Ybllbkgh, lh rc ah lbs oha~gcu{c ca clc`ca{hs gacu{cs, ycs mbw rc kcs{bobu {b`egça s ga{cdubogÿa ca lb llbaub kc ^gocazb! Ngabl`ca{c ahs mbelb kc ycuàhkhs ca lhs rc lb ycuocyogÿa kc lb heub burg{co{ÿagob kca{uh kcl ca{huah uebah w s uclbogÿa oha çs{c oheub ab g`yhu{baogb ohasgkcubelc! Yhu úl{g`h ldbu og{b bl `h~g`gca{h `hkcuah w b lbs gkcbs kc ss `â}g`hs c}yhaca{cs oh`h ncuha Lc Ohuesgcu, @gcs ~ba kcu Uhmc h Nubaf Llhwk Tugdm{6 rc ca heubs oh`h lb ^gllb _b~hgc -275=’ -275=’27?9', cl Ybecllÿa kc lb C}yhsgogÿa kc Ebuoclhab -2757' h lb Obsb kc lb Obsobkb -27?>'6 ucsyco{g~b`ca{c, `b{cugblgzbuha ss gkcblcs kc ylba{b lgeuc, csybogh oha{gah w nlgkh h kc lb cs{uo{ubogÿa hudâagob kc lhs csyboghs! [ubs cs{c b`ylgh ucohuugkh yhu lb c}ycugcaogb mgs{ÿugob kcl csybogh, Euah Zc~g ~blhub lbs kg~cusbs ga{cuyuc{boghacs rc sc yckca kcsbuuhllbu sheuc lb burg{co{ub b{cakgcakh b oug{cughs yhlà{gohs, nglhsÿngohs, cohaÿ`gohs, shogblcs, `b{cugblgs{bs w {çoagohs6 lhs oblcs bablgzbuc`hs oha `bwhu kc{bllc `âs bkclba{c! [b`egça kcs{bob h{uhs oug{cughs kc ga{cuyuc{bogÿa, `âs lgdbkhs b lb nhu`b, oh`h yckc scu cl cs{glh kc lbs heubs rc sclc ucyc{gusc ca cl {gc`yh barc ob`egca lhs oha{c}{hs, gkcb rc ucs`c ca cl lgeuh kc cs{b `bacub: “¸Cs yhsgelc csougegu mhw csyha{âacb`ca{c ab yhcsàb ca lb{àa8 Rgca {gcac bldh rc kcogu, lh c}yucsb scaogllb`ca{c ca cl gkgh`b cl gkgh`b mbeg{bl! Rgca abkb {gcac rc kcogu yckc yckc {cacu lb {cacu lb csycubazb kc cadbòbu bl yuÿjg`h hol{bakh, ebjh ab ucngabkb ~cs{gkub kc cukgogÿa, s ~bogckbk àa{g`b!‐ àa{g`b!‐
Ngabl`ca{c ohaolwc cl {c}{h `buobakh lhs ybuâ`c{uhs b scdgu ybub lb uckboogÿa kc lb mgs{hugb kc lb ac~b burg{co{ub, mwcakh kc lhs cuuhucs gagogbl`ca{c `caoghabkhs w yuhoubakh babu lhs kg~cushs nbo{hucs rc cadlheba b lb burg{co{ub ybub {ubas`g{gu bsà lb g`yhu{baogb w uclbogÿa ca{uc ol{ub w sgs{c`b kc ~gkb! Bmhub ca{ubuc`hs `âs ca kc{bllc ca bldahs {c`bs ba{cs `caoghabkhs, yug`cuh kcsbuuhllbuc`hs lb ga{cuyuc{bogÿa yhlà{gob kc lb burg{co{ub! Cl bu{c kc ohas{ugu sgc`yuc mb cs{bkh lgdbkh b lb sg{bogÿa yhlà{gob rc lc uhkcb, wb scb oh`h yuh`h{hu h oh`h bdca{c rc dbuba{gzb lbs ohakgoghacs acocsbugbs ybub lb ckgngobogÿa! Lbs dubakcs heubs sgc`yuc mba cs{bkh lgdbkbs b ycuàhkhs kc cs{beglgkbk yhlà{gob, oh`h houuàb ca lb B{cabs kc Ycugolcs h çyhobs kc c}{casgÿa kc lbs nuha{cubs w kc lb ol{ub, oh`h houugÿ oha lbs oúylbs egzba{gabs! Ca sg{boghacs yhlà{gobs `âs kcsnb~hubelcs caoha{ub`hs lb oucbogÿa kc `h~g`gca{hs bl{cuab{g~hs {ubs cl bsocash kc lbs kgo{bkubs w lbs ohasgdgca{cs c`gduboghacs kc lhs burg{co{hs, oh`h houugÿ oha Duhygs w @cakclsha rc yuh`h~gcuha cl naoghablgs`h ca cl c}glgh! H{uhs cjc`ylhs kc burg{co{ubs lgdbkbs b lb sg{bogÿa yhlà{gob lhs yhkc`hs caoha{ubu ca lb obyg{bl kc Bs{ugb, ohahogkb ca{uc 2727 w 27?; oh`h “^gcab lb Uhjb‐! Kuba{c cs{c ycuàhkh lhs dhegcuahs shogblkc`ÿoub{bs ucblgzbuha yhlà{gobs ybub yuh`h~cu lb ohas{uoogÿa kc ~g~gcakbs ybub lb olbsc yuhlc{bugb w `cjhubu bsà lbs yçsg`bs ohakgoghacs kc ~gkb rc {caàba! Sah kc lhs oh`ylcjhs ohas{ugkhs `âs g`yhu{ba{cs nc cl Fbul @bu}’ @bu}’Mhn kgscòbkh yhu cl burg{co{h Fbul Mca, kgsoàylh kc H{{h Tbdacu! Cl cahu`c elhrc oca{b oha 2!?=5 ~g~gcakbs rc ca s bduybogÿa dcacuba kg~cushs csyboghs ga{cughucs kc sh yúelgoh w oh`úa! Lb nbombkb c}{cughu kcl oh`ylcjh sc oh`yhac kc oha{akca{cs nhu`bs dch`ç{ugobs rc yuc{cakca {cacu ogcu{h obuâo{cu g`yhaca{c, sg ca h{uhs ldbucs oha yhlà{gobs hycs{bs cuba lhs ckgngoghs eudcscs lhs rc c}bl{beba cl yhkcu kc ahs yhohs, ca ^gcab sc yuc{cakc `hs{ubu lb ncuzb kc lb olbsc heucub obakh çs{b sc caoca{ub bduybkb oh`h houugÿ ca lhs kg~cushs Mhn rc Mhn rc ckgngobuha ca {hkh cl ybàs! Cl gkcbl yhlà{goh oh`ags{b sc ylbs`b ca lhs kg~cushs crgyb`gca{hs oh`acs oha lhs rc oca{ba cs{hs dubakcs oh`ylcjhs ucsgkcaogblcs, khakc sc ga{ca{b ohlco{g~gzbu lhs ucoushs! _c byucogb olbub`ca{c rc sga cl oha{c}{h yhlà{goh ba{cughu`ca{c kcngagkh, jb`âs sc megcuba llc~bkh b obeh lbs obsg >?!999 ~g~gcakbs yuhlc{bugbs yhu {hkb lb ogkbk kc ^gcab! B oha{gabogÿa, kbuc`hs a sbl{h mbs{b ab nhu`b kc mbocu yhlà{gob `omh `âs oha{c`yhuâacb! Kuba{c lbs ybsbkbs çyhobs w nu{h ah sÿlh kc lb sg{bogÿa yhlà{gob sg ah {b`egça yuh~hobkh yhu lb ylboca{cub sg{bogÿa cohaÿ`gob, sudgÿ yhu {hkh cl `akh lh rc sc ohahoc oh`h “Burg{co{ub `glbduhsb‐! @omhs mba sgkh lhs dhecuaba{cs rc kcogkgcuha 5 _BECU ^CU LB BURSG[CO[SUB LB BURSG[CO[SUB
C_[Ç[GOB W OH@YH_GOGßA 5922(5925
byhs{bu yhu buugcsdbkhs w dubakcs oh`ylcjhs burg{co{ÿagohs oha lb ngablgkbk kc ohlhobu ss uecs kca{uh kc lhs `bybs {uàs{gohs `akgblcs b lb ~cz rc ss yuhyghs ah`eucs ca lbs ouÿagobs kc s ogkbk! Kca{uh kc cs{b sg{bogÿa, rckb bs`gkh rc lbs dubakcs heubs sgc`yuc ybu{ca kc lb gagogb{g~b yúelgob, ycs cl sco{hu yug~bkh sclc scu `âs ohascu~bkhu ca oba{h b lb clcoogÿa kcl kgscòh w sbl~h lb ga{caogÿa kc rcucu dcacubu a gohah, ah sclc ucouugu b dubakcs ngu`bs kc burg{co{hs! ^hl~gcakh b lb “Burg{co{ub `glbduhsb‐, yuhygb kcl og{bkh oha{c}{h yhlà{goh, kcs{bobuc`hs bldahs ç}g{hs w h{uhs dubakcs nubobshs! Ah yhkc`hs {hobu cs{c {c`b sga mbocu `caogÿa bl Dddcamcg` kc Eglebh kgscòbkh yhu cl burg{co{h b`cugobah Nubaf Dcmuw! _s nhu`bs a {ba{h oh`yuh`c{gkbs w s ohas{uoogÿa ocuobab b lh bu{csbabl, lcs llc~ÿ b lb {glgzbogÿa kc a yuhdub`b kc oâlolh, Ob{gb, rc bsgdabeb lbs kg`casghacs b obkb ygczb kc lb cs{uo{ub w lb ca~hl~ca{c, sgcakh {hkbs cllbs úagobs w kgncuca{cs! _ga c`ebudh, yhkc`hs bscdubu b kàb kc mhw rc brcllb bycs{b {ba buugcsdbkb mb sgkh {hkh a ç}g{h, cl ckgngogh sc oha~gu{gÿ ca cl gohah kc lb ucdcacubogÿa kc lb ogkbk w ca csycogbl kcl ca{huah rc uhkcb s c`ylbzb`gca{h, b lb ~cz rc cs lb g`bdca ohuyhub{g~b kc Eglebh! Kuba{c lhs úl{g`hs bòhs mc`hs ~gs{h oh`h bldabs ogkbkcs mba ga{ca{bkh c`lbu lh houugkh ca lb ogkbk ~bsob w olbuh cjc`ylh kc cllh cs ^blcaogb! Ca cl ba{gdh oboc kcl [ugb sc gagogÿ cl yuhwco{h kc Lb Ogkbk kc lbs Bu{cs w kc lbs Ogcaogbs, a oh`ylcjh rc sg{buàb b lb ogkbk ca cl ya{h kc `gub {uàs{goh kc {hkh ~gsg{ba{c kc lb ohs{b `ckg{cuuâacb b lb ~cz rc blzbuàb b ss yuh`h{hucs b lhs lgeuhs kc mgs{hugb oh`h lhs ycushabjcs rc `buobuha lb c~hlogÿa kc lb ogkbk! [bl ~cz scb _ba{gbdh Oblb{ub~b cl `âs gakgobkh ybub lb ucblgzbogÿa kc {bl kcsyuhyÿsg{h burg{co{ÿagoh, yhohs oh`h çl sha obybocs kc c`ebobu bsà b bsà b lhs yhlà{gohs! Ca cl h{uh lbkh kc lb `hackb lhs ogkbkbahs rc ah yckca ag ~culh, oh`h houugÿ ca lb ogkbk kc Omgobdh ba{c lb b`cabzb kc lb ucblgzbogÿa kc lb {huuc Omgobdh _yguc kgscòbkb yhu cl ~blcaogbah w ybublgzbkb yhu ogkbkbahs rc sc acdbeba b mgyh{cobu s ogkbk b ohs{b kcl kgscòh! Lhs ogkbkbahs kc ^blcaogb mba ~gs{h oh`h cl yuhwco{h kc ogkbk ol{ubl kgh ecahs ucsl{bkhs ca lhs yug`cuhs bòhs, ycuh bmhub sc caoca{uba oha lbs a`cuhsbs b`ylgboghacs kcl oh`ylcjh: yblbogh kc ohaducshs, ogac G@B], cs{bkgh oegcu{h ybub c~ca{hs, hocbahduângoh, yca{c {guba{c, {ucs ubsobogclhs…6 b lh rc sc kceca bòbkgu lhs kcsbjs{cs yucsycs{bughs kc {hkb heub ngu`bkb yhu Oblb{ub~b, rc mba llc~bkh a yucsycs{h gagogbl kc 239 `gllhacs kc cuhs mbs{b lb ognub kc 2!?99 `gllhacs kc cuhs! Yhkc`hs bngu`bu rc cs{bs dubakcs heubs sha yuhko{h kc lbs bsyguboghacs kc lbs oguoas{baogbs yhlà{gobs bjcabs b {hkh oha{c}{h rc yckb uhkcbulbs, ycs ah cs ab{ubl ca lhs ogkbkbahs, lb cohah`àb h lbs ubzhacs `b{cugblcs kc a ldbu ucolb`bu oh`ylcjhs kc {blcs yuhyhuoghacs! Bkca{uâakhahs ca lb ga{cuyuc{bogÿa cohaÿ`gob, ycuh sga kcjbu kc lbkh oh`ylc{b`ca{c lb ga{cuyuc{bogÿa yhlà{gob kc lb burg{co{ub, yhkc`hs caoha{ubu ca lb bo{blgkbk kg~cusbs heubs kgdabs kc bablgzbu kcskc cl ya{h kc ~gs{b kc s yuh`hogÿa w bo{g~gkbk yhs{cughu b çs{b! Ca lb shogckbk oha{c`yhuâacb sha `w ohahogkhs lhs c~ca{hs kc ag~cl `akgbl yhu owb hudbagzbogÿa oh`yg{ca lb `bwhuàb kc lbs dubakcs ogkbkcs: hlg`ygbkbs, `akgblcs, c}yhsgoghacs ag~cusblcs… Cs{hs c~ca{hs {gcaca a obuâo{cu cohaÿ`goh’ cohaÿ`goh’shogbl bllà khakc sc oclceuba, yuc{cakca lb yh{caogbogÿa kc lbs ogkbkcs hudbagzbkhubs! _ga c`ebudh, bablgzbakh cs{b sg{bogÿa, yhkc`hs kcsoeugu rc cs{b`hs {ub{bakh oha a bu`b kc khelc nglh, blecudbu ah kc cs{hs c~ca{hs sg{úb b lbs ogkbkcs ca cl oca{uh kcl `akh kuba{c a ycuàhkh kc {gc`yh `w ohu{h, a `cs h khs `â}g`h! Cs{h dcacub a duba uc{h ybub cl burg{co{h rc kcec ohas{ugu ab heub obybz kc c}yug`gu bl `â}g`h lb yuhkoogÿa cohaÿ`gob kuba{c lhs `cscs kcl c~ca{h, b lb ~cz rc {ubas`g{gu ab g`bdca shogbl bl c}{cughu w oh`egabu {hkh cllh oha ab {glgkbk yhs{cughu `âs bllâ kcl yuhygh c~ca{h ybub cl rc sc kcs{gab lb ohas{uoogÿa! Oh`cazbuc`hs ga{cuyuc{bakh lb burg{co{ub kcskc lb cohah`àb ngjâakhahs ca ab heub rc kuba{c `cscs kcsl`euÿ bl `akh: cl Cs{bkgh Aboghabl kc Ycfàa! Lb heub kc lhs burg{co{hs sgzhs Jborcs Mcuzhd w Ygcuuc kc @cuha oha{ÿ oha a yucsycs{h kc ?4= `gllhacs kc cuhs w sc oha~gu{gÿ kuba{c lbs Hlg`ygbkbs kc Ecgjgad 599= ca cl gohah kc lb oucogca{c sycuyh{caogb Omgab, kgomb heub `hs{ubeb bl `akh cl ga`cash yh{caogbl w lb duba obybogkbk cohaÿ`gob kcl ybàs kcl shl abogca{c! Lb ca~hl~ca{c kcl ckgngogh ohasgs{c ca ab ? _BECU ^CU LB BURSG[CO[SUB LB BURSG[CO[SUB
C_[Ç[GOB W OH@YH_GOGßA 5922(5925
socsgÿa kc ygczbs cs{uo{ublcs kc bocuh rc shs{gcaca {hkh cl cs{bkgh w b s ~cz sha ca{uclbzbkbs oha h{ubs ygczbs kcl `gs`h `b{cugbl, ycuh obuca{cs kc cngogcaogb cs{uo{ubl, {hkh cllh ybub dcacubu lb `bllb sg`glbu b lb kc a “agkh kc yâjbuh‐! [hkb cs{b `bsb cs{uo{ubl yckc scu ohs{cbkb cohaÿ`gob`ca{c kuba{c s cjcoogÿa, sga c`ebudh w {ubs lhs ob`eghs yuhkogkhs ca lb cohah`àb `akgbl, yuhebelc`ca{c ss yuh`h{hucs ah cs{ça {ba oha{ca{hs ba{c cs{c ob`egh kc oha{c}{h w bl ~cu rc obkb bòh kcecuâa kcsc`ehlsbu >,= `gllhacs kc cuhs ca ocs{ghacs kc `ba{cag`gca{h! Sa olbuh cjc`ylh kc heub rc sc ohas{uwc ca çyhob kc ehabazb cohaÿ`gob, ycuh {cu`gab ybdâakhsc ca a oha{c}{h cohaÿ`goh oh`ylc{b`ca{c hycs{h bl gagogbl`ca{c ylba{cbkh! H{uh c~ca{h khakc lb burg{co{ub {gcac s ubzÿa kc scu ca lb `cub yuhkoogÿa cohaÿ`gob sha lhs `akgblcs kc nú{ehl! Yhkc`hs caoha{ubu ga~cusghacs ubzhabelcs w kc yhs{cughu ecacngogh ybub lbs ogkbkcs bang{ughabs, oh`h houugÿ oha lhs `akgblcs oclceubkhs ca Nubaogb, Blc`bagb h Ohucb kcl _u6 sga c`ebudh c}gs{ca sg{boghacs ca lbs rc lhs yuhwco{hs sc dàba yhu lb yuhkoogÿa cohaÿ`gob rc kceca o`ylgu kc obub b lbs obubo{cuàs{gobs kcl c~ca{h w hl~gkba yhu oh`ylc{h lb {glgzbogÿa yhs{cughu kc çs{c! Cs lh rc houuc oha bldahs cs{bkghs ybub lb Ohyb kcl @akh oclceubkb ca _kânugob, lb sg{bogÿa cohaÿ`gob kcl ybàs lcs ycu`g{àb blecudbu {bl c~ca{h, oha {hkb lb ga~cusgÿa rc cllh syhac w lb yhs{cughu yelgogkbk bl c}{cughu, aaob ~gcac `bl cohaÿ`gob`ca{c scu cl oca{uh kcl `akh kcyhu{g~h bl `cahs yhu ahs kàbs! B ycsbu kc cs{hs ecahs hejc{g~hs gagogblcs, {cu`gab`hs caoha{ubakh yuhwco{hs rc sgu~gcuha ycunco{b`ca{c ybub s oh`c{gkh gagogbl, oh`h cs cl obsh kcl Cs{bkgh _hoocu Og{w ybub 7;!499 csyco{bkhucs, ycuh rc ah {gcaca a n{uh `âs lcjbah rc cl `cs rc kub lb oh`yc{gogÿa kcyhu{g~b! Caoha{ub`hs b yhlà{gohs w cohah`gs{bs bnbabkhs yhu js{gngobu {bl ga~cusgÿa, cs ogcu{h, yckc rc oha lhs `gllhacs kc ~gsg{ba{cs rc {~h cl ybàs mbs{b sc llcdbub b ybdbu {hkbs csbs heubs, sga c`ebudh cl lcdbkh burg{co{ÿagoh rc kcjba cs a cs{bkgh kc `bwhucs kg`casghacs rc cl _ba{gbdh Ecuabec c`ylbzbkh ja{h c`ylbzbkh ja{h bl ebuugh kc _htc{h khakc ag lbs obllcs cs{âa yb~g`ca{bkbs! B oha{gabogÿa, ga{cuyuc{buc`hs kcskc lb ycusyco{g~b cohaÿ`gob oÿ`h a `gs`h burg{co{h cs obybz kc `hkgngobu ss heubs b{cakgcakh b cs{c ybuâ`c{uh! Ca 599= {~h ldbu lb C}yhsgogÿa Ga{cuaboghabl ca Zbubdhzb, kcegkh b lbs c}oclca{cs ohakgoghacs cohaÿ`gobs kc brcl ca{haocs w lb ucycuosgÿa yelgog{bugb rc cllh syhakuàb, ah sc kkÿ ca ohas{ugu {hkh {gyh kc gas{blboghacs! Sab kc lbs `âs ohahogkbs w yelgobkbs nc cl Ybecllÿa Yca{c kc Zbmb Mbkgk, ab sblb kc c}yhsgoghacs sheuc cl uàh Ceuh, ylbdbkb kc ~gsg{ba{cs kuba{c lb C}yh w rc bmhub sc mb oha~cu{gkh ca a yuhelc`b ybub cl bwa{b`gca{h kc lb ogkbk, ¸rç mbocu oha ab gas{blbogÿa kc `âs kc >5 `gllhacs kc cuhs8 Lb kcogsgÿa cs `w oh`ylcjb, s bycu{ub yckc yuh~hobu lb bybugogÿa kc yga{bkbs w s hoybogÿa kuba{c cl mhubugh aho{uah, sga c`ebudh `ba{caculh ocuubkh cs ucohahocu cl cuuhu cohaÿ`goh w lb gashs{cageglgkbk kcl yuhwco{h! Sa olbuh cjc`ylh kc lb ga`ckgb{cz oha lb rc sc {h`ba lbs kcogsghacs oha ucsyco{h bl ybahub`b cohaÿ`goh, bl ah {cacu ca oca{b lbs yhsgelcs sg{boghacs n{ubs sc {cu`gaba mgyh{cobakh ogkbkcs w bebakhabakh yuhwco{hs! Cs a cuuhu ohas{ugu mhw bldh rc sc ngabaogbuâ oha cl kgacuh rc sc {cakuâ `bòbab! Cl cjc`ylh ba{cughu`ca{c c}ycs{h sc ohuucsyhakc b ab sg{bogÿa cohaÿ`gob yhsg{g~b, bmhub oh`ca{buc`hs h{uh yuhwco{h kc dubakcs kg`casghacs ycuh ca a oha{c}{h cohaÿ`goh oh`ylc{b`ca{c kcsnb~hubelc oh`h cs cl bo{bl! Ca 5925 sc oclceubuâa lbs Hlg`ygbkbs ca lb ogkbk kc Lhakucs, yhu lh rc lb uec eug{âagob sc cs{â llcabakh kc crgyb`gca{hs ybub {bl og{b! Lb kgncucaogb oha lhs cjc`ylhs rc ba{cs mc`hs oh`ca{bkh cs rc {hkhs lhs yuhwco{hs rc ybub cs{c c~ca{h sc ucblgzba cs{âa oh`ylc{b`ca{c `buobkhs yhu s obybogkbk kc scu uc{glgzbkhs h mbs{b gaolsh ucogolbkhs lg{cubl`ca{c! Bsà ycs Bsà ycs caoha{ub`hs cl Bucab Ebsfc{ebll, a cs{bkgh ybub 25!999 csyco{bkhucs rc ycu`g{guâ scu kcs`ba{clbkh {ubs lb ngablgzbogÿa kc lhs jcdhs! lhs jcdhs! Oh`h houuàb oha lb C}yh kc Zbubdhzb, ca Lhakucs {b`egça cs{âa ga{cu~gagcakh lhs llb`bkhs “burg{co{hs cs{ucllb‐, oh`h cs Zbmb Mbkgk oha s oca{uh boâ{goh! Oha ?2? `gllhacs kc cuhs kc yucsycs{h, {ugylgobakh lb ognub gagogbl, cs{b duba gas{blbogÿa oha ~bugbs ygsogabs hlà`ygobs oca{b oha lb obybogkbk kc scu bkby{bkb ybub a sh yhs{cughu, ycs ; _BECU ^CU LB BURSG[CO[SUB LB BURSG[CO[SUB
C_[Ç[GOB W OH@YH_GOGßA 5922(5925
ss dubkcuàhs lb{cublcs scuâa kcs`ha{bkhs {ubs cl c~ca{h w lbs ygsogabs uckgs{ugegkbs, ycu`g{gcakh bsà rc scb sbkh yhu lb yhelbogÿa kcl ebuugh kc _{ub{nhuk bl cs{c kc Lhakucs! ^c`hs oh`h lbs nhu`bs w lhs yuhdub`bs ca lb burg{co{ub cs{âa `buobkhs yhu cl oha{c}{h cohaÿ`goh rc uhkcb b obkb yuhwco{h, yuhebelc`ca{c Zbmb Mbkgk bo{ÿ oha {h{bl g`yagkbk kuba{c cl kgscòh kcl ybecllÿa yca{c, ycuh ah lc houugÿ lh `gs`h oha cl yuhwco{h ybub lhs jcdhs kc Lhakucs kca{uh kc ab sg{bogÿa cohaÿ`gob oh`ylc{b`ca{c hycs{b! B{cakgcakh b lb ga{cuyuc{bogÿa `b{cugblgs{b kc lbs ohas{uooghacs, byucogb`hs ca lb uckboogÿa kc Euah Zc~g lb bscaogb kc a yuhocsh rc sc mb kcsbuuhllbkh kuba{c lhs úl{g`hs ~cga{c bòhs byuh}g`bkb`ca{c: lb dlheblgzbogÿa! Ca cl {c}{h caoha{ub`hs a`cuhshs cjc`ylhs ca lhs rc {ba{h lbs nhu`bs oh`h lbs {c}{ubs sc ~ca lgdbkbs b lbs obubo{cuàs{gobs kcl `b{cugbl c`ylcbkh, rc cs cl yuckh`gaba{c ca cl ldbu kc lb cjcoogÿa! Ca lb bo{blgkbk csb lg`g{bogÿa syhac ab nuha{cub `omh `âs kglgkb, ca cl `akh dlheblgzbkh lb {glgzbogÿa kc lhs `b{cugblcs sc ugdc yhu s uca{beglgkbk cohaÿ`gob, bldh rc ah yucogsb`ca{c cs{â sÿlh lgdbkh b lb yuh}g`gkbk kcl ya{h kc yuhkoogÿa kcl `b{cugbl w lb heub khakc sc cjco{b! Lb yhsgeglgkbk kc {ubasyhu{bu {hkh {gyh kc `b{cugblcs kc a ya{h b h{uh kcl `akh ca ocs{gÿa kc kàbs w lhs dubakcs b~baocs ca `b{cugblcs sga{ç{gohs, csycogbl`ca{c ca cl ob`yh kc lhs yhlà`cuhs, ahs mboca ob`egbu lb ga{cuyuc{bogÿa rc Euah Zc~g ucblgzb kc lb `b{cugblgkbk ybub bkby{bulb b lhs ac~hs {gc`yhs bo{blcs! Bsà ycs, Bsà ycs, yhkc`hs bobebu caoha{ubakhahs oegcu{bs kc ygzbuub ca cl su w nbombkbs kc `b{cugblcs yhlà`cuhs6 uc{bakh b oblrgcu bkby{bogÿa bl `ckgh! Ybub ngablgzbu ucblgzbuc`hs ab ga{cuyuc{bogÿa {çoagob kc lb burg{co{ub! Lhs b~baocs rc cl burg{co{h g{blgbah c}yhac ucsyco{h b lhs kcsoeug`gca{hs kc ac~hs `ç{hkhs kc oâlolh rc {cu`gabuàb nboglg{bakh cl kgscòh kc lbs cs{uo{ubs sha ycrcòhs ybsg{hs oh`ybubkhs oha lhs b~baocs kc lbs úl{g`bs kçobkbs dubogbs b lhs yuhdub`bs kc oâlolh ganhu`â{goh! Ca cl là`g{c kc cs{b ga{cuyuc{bogÿa caoha{ub`hs bl ba{cughu`ca{c og{bkh Nubaf Dcmuw, rc sga lhs yuhdub`bs kc oâlolh rc lc ucscl~ca ss nhu`bs g`yhsgelcs, ah yhkuàb ohas{ugu agadab kc ss heubs! Mc`hs mbelbkh làacbs b{uâs kcl yuhdub`b Ob{gb {glgzbkh ca s heub kc Eglebh w oucbkh c}yucsb`ca{c ybub {bl oh`c{gkh! Lhs a`cuhshs b~baocs ca lbs cs{uo{ubs kc bocuh rc ycu`g{ca lb ucblgzbogÿa kc ubsobogclhs gangag{hs oh`h ~c`hs ca lb ogkbk kc Kebg, lbs ga~cs{gdboghacs sheuc cl mhu`gdÿa w ss bkg{g~hs h cl c`ylch kc lbs bu`bkubs yhs{csbkbs ycu`g{ca oucbu ~hlbkgzhs w nhu`bs rc bòhs b{uâs cuba beshl{b`ca{c g`ycasbelcs! Mbegcakh bablgzbkh {hkhs cs{hs ybuâ`c{uhs kc ga{cuyuc{bogÿa kc lb burg{co{ub, yhkc`hs ohaolgu rc obkb heub rc sc ohas{uwc w b s ~cz yuc{cakc scu ecab burg{co{ub, ah yckc kbu lb csyblkb b {hkh cl oha{c}{h rc lb uhkcb, ycs cl lcadbjc kc lb burg{co{ub, oh`h csougec Euah Zc~g, kcec scu olbuh w kguco{h! [hkb ckgngobogÿa kcec {cacu ca oca{b cl lcadbjc burg{co{ÿagoh kcl `h`ca{h ca rc sc yuhwco{b w csc lcadbjc cs lb agÿa kc lhs nbo{hucs yhlà{gohs, cohaÿ`gohs, shogblcs, nglhsÿngohs, `b{cugblcs w {çoagohs6 rc ngabl`ca{c ycu`g{guâa b lb shogckbk ucblgzbu ab ga{cuyuc{bogÿa kcl csybogh oucbkh, dubogbs b s olbugkbk ca cl `casbjc w s ocuobaàb bl sbugh!
Dbuoàb @buàa, Bkugâa 3 _BECU ^CU LB BURSG[CO[SUB LB BURSG[CO[SUB
C_[Ç[GOB W OH@YH_GOGßA 5922(5925
EGELGHDUBNÀB
LGEUH_ @HG], LLÂ[ZCU, Burg{co{ub @glbduhsb, Babdub`b, 5929 CALBOC_ m{{y:((ca!tgfgyckgb!hud(tgfg(FbulX@bu}’Mhn m{{y:((ca!tgfgyckgb!hud(tgfg(FbulX@bu}’ m{{y:((ttt!dddcamcg`’’eglebh!cs( m{{y:((ttt!dddcamcg` m{{y:((cs!tgfgburg{co{ub!oh`(gakc}!ymy(Dddcamcg`XEglebh m{{y:((cs!tgfgyckgb!hud(tgfg(OgkbkXkcXlbsXBu{csXwXlbsXOgcaogbs m{{y:((ttt!lc~ba{c’’c`~!oh`(oh`ag{b{ m{{y:((ttt!lc~ba{c c`~!oh`(oh`ag{b{’’~blcaogbab(599=(9=(9>(oh`ag{b{ ~blcaogbab(599=(9=(9>(oh`ag{b{’’~blcaogbab ~blcaogbab’’ohs{c ohs{c’’ ohas{uoogha’’ogkbk ohas{uoogha ogkbk’’bu{cs bu{cs’’clc~bub clc~bub’’2?99 2?99’’`gllhacs `gllhacs’’bdhub(;=972;!m{`l m{{y:((cs!tgfgburg{co{ub!oh`(gakc}!ymy(Cs{bkghXhl#O?#BK`ygohXkcXYcf#O?#BKa m{{y:((cs!tgfgyckgb!hud(tgfg(Cs{bkghXAboghablXkcXYcf#O?#BKa m{{y:((lboh`agkbk!clybgs!oh`(elbs’’dbuogb m{{y:((lboh`agkbk!clybgs!oh`(elbs dbuogb’’`buga(5997(5(2(cs{bkgh `buga(5997(5(2(cs{bkgh’’hlg`ygoh hlg`ygoh’’ycfga ycfga’’599= 599=’’ agkh’’bobebub agkh bobebub’’oha~cu{gkh oha~cu{gkh’’a a©©©© m{{y:((cs!tgfgyckgb!hud(tgfg(Cs{bkghX_hoocuXOg{w m{{y:((cs!tgfgyckgb!hud(tgfg(Ybecll#O?#E?aXYca{c m{{y:((c}yh’’ah!ahelczbeb{uub!hud(oha{ub m{{y:((c}yh ah!ahelczbeb{uub!hud(oha{ub’’c}yh c}yh’’592;(cl 592;(cl’’yca{c yca{c’’kcl kcl’’{cuocu {cuocu’’`glcagh `glcagh’’wb wb’’kylgob kylgob’’ s’’yucsycs{h s yucsycs{h’’gagogbl( m{{y:((ca!tgfgyckgb!hud(tgfg(Ebsfc{ebllXBucabX-5925XHlw`ygos' m{{y:(({ubaslb{c!dhhdlc!cs({ubaslb{c8ml0cs.lbadybgu0ca#4Ocs.0m{{y:((ca!tgfgyckgb!hud(tgfg (LhakhaXBrb{gosXOca{uc
Dbuoàb @buàa, Bkugâa > _BECU ^CU LB BURSG[CO[SUB LB BURSG[CO[SUB