ROLE OF RADIO CAMPAIGN IN THE FIGHT AGAINST HIV/AIDS (A Case Study of Katsina State Radio)
BY
YASIR ABUBAKAR REG.NO H11MC OO1
SUBMITTED TO THE
DEPARTMENT OF MASS COMMUNICATION COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HASSAN USMAN KATSINA POLYTECHNIC, KATSINA
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA MASS COMMUNICATION SEPTEMBER, 2013
1
ATTESTATION
I Yasir Abubakar, attest that this work “Role of Radio campaign in the Fight against HIV/AIDS” is an srcinal work I conducted under the supervision of Malam Muhammad Bashir Usman Ruwan Godiya. All sources referred to this work have been dully acknowledged.
………………………………… STUDENT
…………………… DATE
2
APPROVAL PAGE
This is to certify that, this project is an srcinal work under taken by Yasir Abubakar and has been prepared in accordance with the regulations governing the preparation and presentation of project in Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic, Katsina.
…………………………………
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Student
Date
…………………………………
…………………………
M.MuhammadBashirUsman
Date
(Project Supervisor)
...................................................
…………………………
M.SamailaBalarabe (Project Coordinator)
Date
.................................................. ………………………………... M.MuhammadBashirUsman (Head of Department)
Date
3
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to my beloved parent Alhaji Abubakar Yahya and Malama Fa’iza Abubakar as well as my brothers and sisters at home, because they made me what I am today I appreciate the trust and confidence they have on me.
I love you all.
4
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
All thank be to Allah (SWT) the Creator of Adam and Hauwa for giving me the
strength,
knowledge,
wisdom
and
understanding
throughout
my
programmed in this institution. My sincere appreciation goes to my HOD who happened to be my project super visor in person of Mal. Muhammad Bashir Usman Ruwan Godiya, despite his tight schedules but still took his time to go through my work and direct it towards the path of success, I say a big thank you sir. I wish to acknowledge the effort of staff of this department, who always offered every bit of guide whenever, I seek such from them, they include: M. Samaila Balarabe, Mal. Mukhtar Elkasim among others. I am indebted to my friends and other associates like Umar Usman, Lawal Muhammad Danladi, Ibrahim Muhammad, and Nana Fiddausi Mansur among others. I appreciate your entire moral, financial, and material support, May Allah (SWT) rewards all of you with Jannatul Firdausi amen.
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TABLE OF CONTENT PAGE
Title page Attestation…………………………………………………………i Approval Page…………………………………………………….ii Dedication…………………………………………………………iii Acknowledgement…………………………………………………iv Table of Content…………………………………………………... 1. 0
CHAPTER ONE
1.1
Introduction (Background of the Study)……………………1-5
1.2
Research Problem………………………………………….5-6
1.3
Aims and Objectives of the Study…………………………6
1.4
Research Questions………………………………………..7
1.5
Significance of the Study………………………………….
1.6
Scope of the Study………………………………………….7-8
1.7
Limitation of the study…………………………………….8
1.8
Definitions of Ter ms……………………………………...8
6
CHAPTER TWO
2.1
Literature Review…………………………………………9-18 Reference………………………………………………….
2. 0
3. 0
CHAPTER T HRE 2.1 Research Methodology…………………………....19
2.2
Population of the Study…………………………...20
2.3
Sample………………............................................20
2.4
Sampling Technique……………………………..21
2.5
Method of Data Collection……………………….22
2.6
Method of Data Analysis…………………………
CHAPTER F OUR
3.1 4. 0
Data Presentation and Analysis…………………..23-43
CHAPTER F IVE
4.1
Summary………………………………………….44-45
4.2
Conclusion……………………………………….46
4.3
Recommendation………………………………...47 Bibliography…………...……………………….…48-50 Appendix…………………………………………51-55
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CHAPTER ONE (BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY)
This chapter will highlight the background of this study that is The Roles of Radio Campaign in the Fight Against HIV/A IDS in Katsina metropolis, a case study of Katsina State Radio, the chapter also introduce the problems significance, aims and objectives as well as research questions and scope of the study, operational definitions of the key terms and limitations of the study are also included in this chapter. The mass media are diversifie d media technologies that are intended to reach a large audience by mass communication. The technology through which this communication takes place varies. Broadcast media such as Radio, recorded music, films and Television transmit their information electronically. (Thompson 1978). The early history of Radio is the history of technology that produced Radio instruments that use Radio waves. Within the time line of Radio, many people contributed theory and invention in what becomes Radio. Radio development began as “wireless telegraphy” later Radio history increasingly involves matters of programming and content (James1892). Marconi (1920) revealed that, the term wireless telegraphy is a historical term used today to apply to early Radio telegraph communication techniques and practices, particularly those used during the first three decades of Radio (1887-1920) before the term Radio came into use. (Marconi 1920).
8
Around the start of 20
th
century, the Slaby arco wireless system was
developed by Adolph slaby and George von Arco. In 1900 Reginald Fesseenden made a weak transmission of voice over the air waves. In 1901 Marconi conducted the first successful transatlantic experimental Radio communications. In 1904, the U.S patent office reverses its decision, awarding Marconi a patent for the invention of Radio, possibly influenced by Marconi’s financial backers in the State, who involved Thomas Edison and Andrew Carnegie. (Hunt 1984). In today’s world, Radio as a means of communications is increasingly becoming important in news and information dissemination. The number of Radio listeners is increasing everyday this is because Radio posses certain attributes which continue to endear it to its listeners these are portability, pervasiveness, ability to brake the twin barriers of language and illiteracy, use of dry cell batteries in tier of electricity etc. Aids are cause by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Researchers who claimed that AIDS is man-made disease believe it is much more likely that the primate viruses were introduce and spread during the US government’s recruitment of thousand of male homosexual beginning in 1974. (yelwa 2004) The early 1970s was a time when large number of gay come out of the closet and identified themselves as homosexuals at government-sponsored health clinics. Organizations such as Gay Men’s Health project were formed at this time. Promiscuous gays were avidly sought as volunteer to test the efficacy
9
of newly-developed hepatitis B vaccine manufactured by Merck and the National Institute of Health (NIH). (Maxwell 1986). In her book titled ‘AIDS IS REAL’ Halima (2004) pointed out that, the first cases of AIDS appeared shortly after the experiment began in Mahattan. In June 1981 the epidemic become official and was quickly labeled the “gay related immune deficiency syndrome” later known as AID. The gay community was the most hated minority in America. After the experiment ended, the gay community was decimated by the “gay plague.” In the first year of AIDS, the epidemic was largely ignored by the government, and the disease was blamed on gay anal sex, drugs, and promiscuity. Two types of HIV infect humans are HIV-1 and HIV-2. Using HIV-1 sequences preserved in human biological samples along with estimates of viral mutation rates, scientist calculates that the jump from chimpanzee to human probably happened during the late 19
th
or early 20
th
century, a time of rapid urbanization and colonization in equatorial Africa. Exactly when the zoonists occurred is not known some molecular dating studies suggest that HIV-1 group M had its most recent common ancestors (MRCA), (that is, Stated to spread in the human population), in the early 20
th
century,
probably between 1915 and 1941. (Maxwell 1982). In Nigeria, an estimated 3.6 percent of the populations are living with HIV and AIDS. (WHO 2007). Approximately 220,000 people died from AIDS claiming
10
so many lives, Nigeria’s life expectancy has decline significantly. In 2010 the overall life expectancy was only 52 years. (NHIS 2011). The first two cases of HIV and AIDS in Nigeria were identified in 1985 and were reported at an international AIDS conference in 1986. in 1987 the Nigerian health sector established the National Advisory Committee, which was shortly followed the establishment of the National Expert Advisory Committee on AIDS (NECA). When olusegun Obasanjo became the president in Nigeria in 1999, HIV prevention treatment and care become one of the government’s primary concerns. The president’s committee on AIDS and Nation Action Committee on AIDS (NACA) were established and in 2001, the government set up a three year HIV/AIDS Emergency Action Plan (HEA P).
Despite increased effort s to
control the epidemic, by 2006 it was estimated that just 10 percent of HIV infected women and men were receiving antiretroviral therapy and only 7 percent of pregnant women were receiving treatment to reduce the risk of mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS. With the creation of Katsina State, Katsina State Radio was established under Katsina broadcasting corporation, the former NBC/KSBC in Katsina. Katsina State Radio was sight at Sabon layi, in the ancient city of Katsina known as the home of hospitali ty, the station operates on 972KW and 308 MB on the medium wave (MW). 11
`
The station could hardly cover on third of the State, but the State
government needed a Radio station which could carry its policies and programmes down to the nook and crannies of the State. To this effect, the acquisition of more powerful transmitter become inevitable to fulfill the objectives, the State government awarded a contract for the supply and installation of 2 BY 50 KW transmitter at Dutsinma in October 1988 to Incomtel Nigeria Limited and the project was completed in December 1991. The station operates for nineteen (19) hours daily that is from five thirty in the morning to the midnight. Katsina State Radio being 100% owned by the government of Katsina State, like any other media organization maintains the basic three objectives of establishing the Radio station that is, to inform, educate and entertain its audience in and outside the State. The station has various departments and each has its own duties and responsibilities which are controlled by directors. 1.2
RESEARCH PROBLEM
HIV/AIDS is the most topical epidemy in the world that claim life of millions of people year by year. Considering the disastrous effect of HIV/AIDS to the humanity, as reported by various scholars in media and medi cal fields. For instance,
Okolie (2004)
maintained that 48.6%of the infected persons of
Nigeria are women in their reproduction age between 15-49 years. There is also steady increase incase of HIV infection women attending antenatal classes. It is 12
also observed that, over 2.2 million people died annually in Nigeria due to the HIV infection. Again Osotimehin (2003) report that, 20.6% of the HIV positives are within the age of 18-45 which has adverse effect on our workforce, thereby, affecting the nation’s economy negatively. The fact remain that Nigeria is in need of people within the range of these ages. Besides that, a lot of money spends in the name of creating awareness Against HIV/AIDS as well as providing medicines to affected people in order to control the spread of the dreadful disease, hence the conduct of this study.
1.3
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The aim of this study is to bring out the Roles of Radio Campaign in the Fight against HIV/AIDS. The research is set to achieve the following objectives:
•
To sensitize the youths who are more vulnerable to contact
disease to develop prevention attitude towards HIV/AIDS.
•
The research also aimed at examining the challenges faced by
the media organization (Radio) in its Campaign in the Fight against HIV/AIDS.
•
It is also aim of this research to ascertain the impact or the Roles
of Radio Campaign in the Fight against HIV/AIDS to the people.
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1.4
REAEARCH QUESTIONS
The research is intends to answer the following questions:
1.
Are Radio listeners especially youths benefits from the effort of Radio in
its Campaign in the Fight against HIV/AIDS? 2.
What are the challenges faces by th e media organization in its Campaign
in the Fight against HIV/AIDS? 3.
What are the channels or wa ys through which HIV/AIDS transmitted or
spread 4.
to contact people?
What is the impact of Radio’s Campaign in the Fight against HIV/AIDS
to the affected people?
1. 5
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study is design to find out the role of Radio in the Fight against HIV/AIDS. This study is going to cover Katsina metropolis, as one of the areas being affected by the virus. All issues to be cited in this study beyond Katsina is to serve as a reference or example for better understanding, and to help in the data collection.
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1.5
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This study is limited to Katsina metropolis that covers some areas within the metropolis, because Katsina metropolis is one of the areas affected by HIV/AIDS. 1.6
DEFFINITION OF THE KEY TERMS
Role: A function or part performed especially in a particular operation or
process. Radio: A wireless transmission of signals through free space by electro
magnetic radiation of a frequency. Campaign: A connected series of operations design to bring about a particular
result. HIV/AIDS: Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome.
15
CHAPTER TWO
(LITERATURE REVIEW)
Being Role of Radio Campaign in the Fight Against HIV/AIDS my research topic, this chapter will in detailed revisit or review other works related to this topic done by different scholars in the field of study. HIV/AIDS. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is an infectious
disease caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). This virus may not cause recognizable symptoms for along period of time after the initi al exposure (latent period). USAID (2001), Stated that AIDS is one of the most devastating world wide public health problem in recent history. This is typically followed by a prolonged period without symptoms as the illness progress, it interfere more and with the immune system, making the person much more likely to get infection, including opportunistic infection and tumor that do not usually affect people who have working immune system. AIDS was first disclosed in the United State in 1981 using homosexual men WHO (2010), today is seen in both homosexual and women. AIDS is the advanced form of infection with HIV virus, this virus may not cause recognizable symptom for a long period after the initial exposure.
16
The United States center for disease control and prevention (CDC) in their book title “FACT ON HIV/AIDS” (2009), estimated that in 2006, 944000 people in the United State had been diagnosed with AIDS since the disease was identified in 1981. In 2006, an additional 1-1.2 million Americans were diagnosed as infected with HIV but not yet showing symptoms (HIV positive). However, in early 2009, the CDC issued a Statement that they now thought that earlier the positive estimates were too low, as many more people, than were srcinally estimated are living with un reported or undiagnosed HIV infection.
According to the report, issued by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAID) in August 2008 as of 2007, approximately 33million people world wide are HIV positive. Over half of these figures are women and this statistic has remained stable for several years. The highest number of cases is found in sub-sahara Africa and south East Asia. More than 70% of HIV/AIDS infections are transmitted through sexual contact. Traditionally in the United State, the majority of the cases were found in homosexual or bisexual men. In 2007, about half of the new HIV cases were acquired by men having sex with other men. Fewer than 20% of HIV positive American was women. However, this is not case world wide, were transmission by homosexual individuals is common. According to WHO’s journal titled “the dreaded and in-curable HIV/AIDS” (2012), Stated that, HIV/AIDS is a major public health concern and
17
cause of death in many part of Africa. Although is home to about 14.5%of the world population, it is estimated to be home to 69%of all people living with HIV and to72% of all AIDS death in 2009. South Africa is the worst affected region in the world, with the epidemic reaching very high level in Swaziland, Botswana, Lesotho, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Namibia. By contrast, North Africa has low HIV/AIDS rates. In 2012, New York times reported the Joint United Nations programme on HV/AIDS (UNAID) predicting out comes for the region for the year 2025, these range form a plateau and eventually decline in death beginning around 2012 to a catastrophic continual growth in the death rate with potential 95 million cases of infection. Without the kind of health care and medicine (such as antiretroviral) that are available in developed countries large number of people in Africa will develop AIDS, they will not only be able to work, but also require significant medical care. In his paper titled “Mass media and issues of HIV/AIDS” Sambe(2006), argued that the practice of female genital mutilation has led to an increased incidence of AIDS in Africa, since intercourse with a circumcise female is conductive to an exchange of blood. Despite increase efforts to control the epidemic by 2006 it was estimated that just 10% of HIV infected women and men were receiving antiretroviral therapy and only 7% of pregnant women were receiving treatment.
18
In 2011, BBC report that HIV prevalent in West Africa is lowest in Burkina Faso, cot’dvoire, Mali, Niger and Nigeria., Nigeria has the second largest number of people living with HIV/AIDS in Africa later South Africa, although the infection rate (number of patients relative to the entire population) based upon Nigeria estimated population is much lower, generally believe to be well under 7% as opposed to south Africa’s which is well into the double digit (Near 30%). In Nigeria the HIV/AIDS prevalence rate among adults ages 15-49 is 0.9 percent as at 2008, (FMH 2009). Nigeria has the third largest number of people living with HIV, (FMH 2009). The HIV epidemic in Nigeria is complex and varies widely by region. In some State the epidemic is more concentrated and driven by high risk behaviors, while other States have more generalized epidemic that are sustained primarily by multiple sexual partnership in the general population. Youths and young adults in Nigeria are particularly vulnerable to HIV, with young women at high risk than young men. (The Guardian News Paper September 21, 2004). Approximately 2220000, people died from AIDS in Nigeria in 2009, WHO (2010) with AIDS claiming so many lives, Nigeria’s life expectancy has decline significantly. In 2010, the overall life expectancy was only 52 years (WHO 2010).
19
In a special programme on HIV, Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) identified that the two cases of HIV and AIDS in Nigeria were identified in 1985 and were reported to an international AIDS conference in 1986. In 1987 the Nigerian health sector established the National AIDS Advisory Committee, which was shortly followed by the establishment of the National Expert Advisory Committee on AIDS (NEACA). SPREAD OF HIV/AIDS IN NIGERIA
World wide, Nigeria has the second highest number of new infections reported each year. There are three main HIV/AIDS transmission route in Nigeria they are: 1
Heterosexual sex:
Approximately 80% of HIV infection in Nigeria is as a result of heterosexual sex. Fact contributing to this includes a lack of information about sexual health and HIV, low level of condom use and high level of sexually transmitted disease. Women are particularly affected by HIV; in 2009 women accounted for 56 percent of all adult aged 15 and above living with the virus. (NHISSSS 2011).
20
2.
Blood transfusion:
HIV transmission through unsafe blood accounts for the second largest source of HIV infection in Nigeria. 1819 not all hospitals have the technology to affectively screen blood and therefore, there is the risk of using contaminated blood. The Nigerian Federal Ministry OF Health have sponsored by backing legislation that acquires hospitals to only use blood from the National Blood Transfusion Service, which has far mere advanced blood screening technology. 3. Mother to child transmission:
Each year around 75,000 babies in Nigeria are born with HIV, it is estimated that 366,000 children are living with HIV in the country, most of whom become infected from their mothers. This has been increased from 220,000 in 2007. (UNICEIF 2011). Most at risk group in Nigeria are brothel and non brothel based female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), injecting drugs users (IDU’s) transport workers, members of armed forces and police. It has been found that individuals that are under these groups and their partners account for 40% of new HIV infection in Nigeria.
21
MEDIA CAMPAING AND PUBLIC AWARENESS AGAINST HIV/AIDS IN NIGERIA
As Nigeria is such a large and diverse country, media Campaign is to raise awareness of HIV are practical way of reaching many people in different regions. Radio Campaigns like the one created by the Society for Family Health are thought to have been successful in increasing behavior “Future Dream” was a Radio serial broadcast in 2001 in nine languages on42 Radio channels. It focuses on encouraging consistent condom use increasingly knowledge and increasing skill for condom negotiation is single men and women between age of 18-34. in2005, a Campaign was launched in Nigeria in a bid to raise more public awareness of HIV/AIDS. This Campaign took advantage of the recent increase in owners of mobile phones and sent text message with information about HIV/AIDS to 9 million people.
Another high profile media Campaign is fronted by Femi Kuti, son of Fela Kuti, the famous Afro beat musician who died of AIDS in 1997. He appears on bill boards along side roads through out Nigeria with the slogan “AIDS NO DEY SHOW FOR FACE” which means can’t tell some one has AIDS by looking at them.
22
THE IMPACT OF HIV/AIDS
One of the main concern of sociologist is to examine the experience of illness how being sick affect the individuals and the knowledge of people regarding different type of illness such as HIV/AIDS the sickness has both personal and public dimension, when a women has AIDS, she does not only experience pain, discomfort, confusion and other motherly challenges, but it also has serious effect on the society as well. Max well (1986). HIV/AIDS affect economic growth by reducing the availability of human capital, without proper nutrition, health care and medicine that is available in developing countries, large number of people are falling victims to HIV. They will not only be able to work, but will also require significant medical care. The forecast is that this will probably cause collapse of economy and societies in countries with a significant AIDS population. In some heavily infected areas, the epidemic has left behind many orphans cared for by elderly grand parent. (OKON 1999). The increased mortality in this region will result in a smaller skilled population and labor force, this smaller labor force will be predominantly gong people, with reduced knowledge and work experience leading to reduce productivity. Increased in workers time off to look after sick family members or for sick leave will also lower productivity. Increased mortality will also weaken the
23
mechanism that generates human capital and investment in people, through loss of income and the death of parent. Mai Wada (2004). On the level of household, AIDS results in both the loss of income and increased spending on health care by the household. The income affect to this lead to spending deduction as well as substitution effect away from education and towards health care and funeral spending. (OKON 1999). In a nut shell, over the years broadcasting media have carried out Campaign on how to avoid contacting HIV/AIDS. Here the greatest number of this Campaign are carried over the Radio, some of the Campaign messages are sponsored while others are generated produced and broadcast by the stations as part of their social responsibilities. These messages according to Imoh (2003) span the “ABC” of HIV/AIDS, what this simply is A= stands for Campaign for total obstinacies from sex, B= means Campaign for faithfully to one’s sex partner, while C= means the Campaign to use condom if one must have sex. The broadcast media always hinge their Campaign on above three key alphabets with objectives of discouraging people from indulging in acts that could make them to contact HIV/AIDS or transmit it. Imoh (2003), also point out that the broadcast media create awareness on HIV/AIDS and try to modify the attitude and behavior of people in order to avoid contacting or spreading the disease. Broadcast media just like the print
24
media play significant role in both informing and educating. In fact, Folarin (2002), says the media are face setter and agenda setters, they largely dedicate the course and subject of discourse and member of the audience in largely believe what the media say. Okolie (2005), citing Golden (2000) says the power and the Roles of the mass media are central in the provision of idea and image which people use to interpret and understand a great deal of their every day experience the mass media was actually been providing the necessary information on HIV/AIDS. However, in his view Osotimehin (2004) praise the Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria (FRCN) for airing educational messages on HIV in its 7’Oclock news bulletins. He regards the FRCN action as a major move towards creating awareness that can lead to the curtailment of the menace of the disease. Finally, the broadcasting media have social responsibilities of broadcasting Campaign message on HIV/AIDS. They are also discharging this as the above review show. This work goes fully to examine the “THE ROLES OF RADIO CAMPAIGN IN THE FIGHT AGAINST HIV/AIDS.
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CHAPTER THREE
(RESEARCH METHODOLOGY)
Wimmer and Dominick (1987), offer a concise definition of research methodology as the way of data collection and analysis in research. There are various methods through which research can be conducted, they include, observation method, content analysis, Experimental method and survey methods. But, the above methods of research are only used wherever they are applicable. In view of this Usman (2009) says “a researcher is like a hunter that goes to the bush for hunting, which only the animal he comes across will determine to him the type of weapon to be used in killing it. This study used survey methodology for data collection and. According to Berger, (1994) survey is process by which researcher ask questions either face to face, where by direct feedback is received or via questionnaire which is professionally designed to distributed or administered to the respondents. Questionnaire are designed to produce valid and reliable demographic variable measures and should yield valid and reliable individual disparities that self report scale generate.
26
3.0 POPULATION OF THE STUDY
According to leady, (1976) population of study refers to the entire group of people objects or events that all have certain characteristics in common and of which a researcher is expected to conduct his research among them. The population of this study is people of Katsina metropolis more especially youths and other HIV/AIDS stake holders. As of 2006 census, the male population of the area is 88201, while that of females is 83513; making a total population of 171,714 persons in the 849 square kilometer of the area. 3. 2
SAMPLE
Nnanyelu et’al, (1999) define sample as a quantity of something which has been selected as representative. A sample therefore, is apportion that makes up a population. The aim of a sample is to provide information about the universe or population form which it was selected. Since the researcher cannot cover the entire population, it is necessarily for him to deal with a manageable portion of the entire population by selecting some respondents out of them.
27
3. 3
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE
Usman (2009), view sampling ethnic as the selection of the subset of individuals from within statistical population to estimate characteristic of the whole population Nnanyelu et’al (1999) define simple random sampling as sampling method which each item or element in the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample.
Ezugoikpe, (2003) also define simple random sampling as procedure of sampling in which the choice of a particular element does not jeopardize the chance of other element being selected in to the same sample. It is usually used when the population is fairly large and it is done with the use of random numbers or lottery method. Simple random is appropriate in this research because it is independent of human judgment and therefore, free of the biases that might be imported or introduced. The overall sample of this research was One Hundred (100) people. In this selection twenty five (25) each were sel ected in four (4) wards of Katsina metropolis that is Wakilin Kudu, Wakilin Arewa, Wakilin Yamma and Wakilin Gabas. These 100 people constitut e the sample or respondents they were given the questionnaire to respond to.
28
3. 4
METHOD O F D ATA C OLLECTION
Usman, (2009) define method of data collection as a tools that the researcher used to gather information for data analysis. The data collection was via questionnaire considering the research problem. Wimmer and Dominick (1987) defined questionnaire as a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from the respondents. Questionnaire have advantages over some other tools of survey in that they are cheap, not require as much effort from the questioner as verbal or telephone survey and often have standardize answers that make it simple to compile data.
According to sobawale, (1993) is asset of questions drawn on various subjects which are given to the respondents to react and to obtain information from people about their opinion, behavious, views, attitude and perceptions in survey studies.
29
CHAPTER FOUR
(DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS)
This chapter deals with the presentation and analysis of data collected. 100 questionnaires were administered to selected words of Katsina metropolis, namely wakilin gabas, wakilin yamma, wakilin kudu, wakilin arewa. Out of 100 questionnaires administered, 91 were recovered from the respondents, while 9 questionnaires were missing. Therefore, the data would be presented and analyzed based on the 91 returned questionnaires. Tables are used to illustrate the respondents responses and the simple arithmetic computation in percentage is applied in analyzing the data. The 91 questionnaires returned will represent 100% of the entire questionnaires disatributed. The questionnaires were divided in to two parts, the first obtained information on personal data of the respondents, while the second part elicited responses in relation to the research question. The analysis was carried out using descriptive statistic technique and the use of frequency table that gives out the response of each of the respondents.
30
The data is transformed into table as follows: RESPONSE AND NON RESPONSE RATE
QUESTIONNAIRE Returned
RESPONSE 91
Missed
9
Total
PERCENTAGE 91% 9%
100
100%
The table above shows that out of 100 questionnaires distributed, 91 were successfully completed and returned, this indicate that 91% of the questionnaires were returned while the remaining 9 questionnaires representing 9%of them were missing. 1.
Sex
GENDER
RESPONSE
PERCENTAGE
MaleS
57
62.63%
Female
34
37.36%
The above table shows that, 57 respondents representing 62.63% of the respondents were males,while 34 respondents which represent 37.26%of the total respondents are females. 2.
Age
AGEGROUP 18-30
RESPONSE
PERCENTAGE
58
63.37%
31
31-40
20
21.97%
41-50
10
10.98%
51 and above
10
Total
3.29%
91
100%
The table above shows that 58 respondents representing 63.37% of the respondents are between the age of 18-30 years, 20 respondents which represents 21.97% of the entire responden ts are between 31-40 years, while 10 respondents representing 10.98% of the respondents range between 41-50 years, and 3 respondents which represent 3.29% of the total respondents are from 51 years and above. This indicate that the majority of the respondents are between the ages of 18-30 were 58 respondents which represent 63.37% appears within that group, as well 20 respondents that represents 21.97% of the total respondents. People within that range of 18-40 are called sexually active group that are more vulnerable to contact with HIV/AIDS.
3.
Marital status
MARITALOPTION
RESPONSE
PERCENTAGE
Single
50
54.94%
Married
39
42.85%
Divorced
1
1.09%
Widow
1
1.09%
32
Total
91
100%
The above table shows the percentage of the respondents according to their marital status which 50 respondents that represents 54.94% of the respondents were single, while 39 respondents representing 42.85% of the total respondents were married, again 1 respondent representing 1.09% of the total respondent was divorced, and then 1 respondent representing 1.09% of the entire respondent is widow.
4.
Educational qualification
OPTION Primary
RESPONSE 0
PERCENTAGE 0%
Secondary
29
31.86%
Tertiary
59
64.83%
Others( specify)
3
3.29%
Total
91
100%
The above table show that, all the respondents posses qualifications above primary school level, 29 respondents representing 31.86% of the total respondents obtained secondary school certificates, while 59 respondents which represent 64.83% of the total respondents are holders of ND/NCE, HND/DEGREE and 3 respondents representing 3.29% of the total respondents obtained certificates in various courses respectively. The research shows that
33
the greater number of respondents is in tertiary institution where rampant sexual cases recorded and HIV/AIDS can be easily transmitted within this range. 5.
Occupation OPTION
RESPONSE
PERCENTAGE
Student
31
34.06%
Business
19
20.87%
House wives
9
9.89%
Civil servant
27
29.67%
Others(specify) Total
5
5.49%
91
100%
The above table shows that the respondents believe that 31 respondents which represents 34.06% of the total respondents are students, 19 respondents which represents 20.86% of the entire respondents are into business, 9 respondents representing 9.89% of the total respondents are house wives, 27respondents which represents 29.67% of the total respondents are civil servants, while the remaining 5 respondents representing 5.49% of the respondents specified as securing agent. This revealed that the high number of the respondents in this section is students, this occurred as a result of the above table that shows the majority of the respondents are from tertiary institutions. 6. On listener ship to Katsina State Radio OPTION
RESPONSE
34
PERCENTAGE
Yes
64
70.32%
No
27
29.67%
Total
91
100%
The table above shows that, 64 respondents which represent 70.32% of the total respondents are listening to Katsina State Radio, while 27 respondents which represents 29.67% of the overall respondents are not listening to Katsina State Radio. This research shows that majority of the respondents are listening to programmes aired by Katsina State Radio.
7.
Frequency of listening OPTION
RESPONSE
PERCENTAGE
Daily
27
29.67%
Weekly
22
24.17%
Monthly
7
7.69%
Annually
2
2.19%
Others(specify)
5
5.49%
No response Total
28
30.76%
91
100%
The above table shows that 27 respondents representing 29.67% of the total respondents are listen to Katsina State Radio daily, while 22 respondents representing 24.17% of the total respondents are listening to the station weekly. Again 7 respondents representing 7.69% of the total respondents are listening to the station monthly, while 2 respondents representing 2.19% of the total
35
respondents are listening to the station annually, the remaining 5 respondents representing 5.49% of the entire respondents are not listening to the station or they are listening to it occasionally. 28 respondents which represent 30.76% do not respond to the question. This indicate that the majority of the respondents that responded to the question are listening to the station daily, that will aid them to know the number of the programmes aired by the station that has impact on them, as well as those that are listening to it weekly.
8.
Duration of listening daily OPTION
RESPONSES
PERCENTAGE
hour 1
37
40.65%
hours 2
7
7.69%
hours 3
10
10.98%
hours 4
2
2.19%
Others(specify)
7
7.69%
TotSal
91
100%
The above table shows that 37 respondents which represents 40.65% of the total respondents have the listening duration of 1 hour daily, while 7 respondents representing 7.69% of the total respondents have the listening duration of 2 hours daily, again 10 respondents representing 10.98% of the entire respondents exposes themselves three(3) hours in listening to the station, 2 respondents
36
representing 2.19% have the list ening duration of
4 hours, the remai ning 7
respondents representing 7.69% of the total respondents have the listening duration of less than 1 hour or above or listening. 9.
Type of programme more frequently listened to
OPTION
RESPONSE
PERCENTAGE
Educational
23
25.27%
Health
19
20.27%
Economics
2
2.19%
Scienceandtechnology
5
5.49%
Religious
14
No response Total
15.38%
28
30.76%
91
100%
The above table shows that 23 respondents representing 25.27% of the total respondents are listening to programmes that are educative more frequently. While 19 respondents representing 20.87% of the total respondents are listening to programmes that touches health issues more frequently, 2 respondents representing 2.19% of the entire respondents are more frequently listened to the programmes that are related to economics. Again 5 respondents which represents 5.49% of the whole respondents are always admire to listen to programmes on science and technology, 14 respondents which represents 15.38% of the total respondents are more frequently listened to programmes that
37
are of religion, while 28 respondents representing 30.76% of the total respondents have no response to this question. 10.
On listener ship to health programes aired by the station OPTION Yes
RESPONSE 55
PERCENTAGE 60.43%
No
8
8.79%
No response
28
30.76%
Total
91
100%
The above table shows that 55 respondents representing 60.43% of the total respondents have listened to health programmes aired by Katsina State Radio, while 8 respondents representing 60.43% of the total respondents have not listen to health programmes aired by the station, the remaining 28 respondents which represents 30 .76% of the total respondents have no response to this question. The data here revealed that, majorit y of the respondents that got 60.43% of the total respondents have listened to health programmes aired b Katsina State Radio; this will make them to understand the role play by the station in its Campaign in the Fight against HIV/AIDS within the metropolis. 11.
Titled of the health programme listened
OPTIONS Lafiyauwarjiki
RESPONSE 24
PERCENTAGE 26.37%
Garinmunafata
11
12.08%
38
Bokan turai
20
No response Total
21.97%
36
39.56%
91
100%
The table indicate that 24 respondents representing 26.37%of the total respondents do listen to lafiya uwar jiki, 11 respondents representing 12.08% of the total respondents listen to garin muna fata, while 20 respondents representing 21.97% of the total respondents listen to bokan turai or likitan Radio, the 36 respondents representing 39.56% of the whole respondents have no response to this question. This research shows that, only 11 respondents representing 12.08% of the total respondents are exposed to listen to garin muna fata, a drama that intends to educate audience on HIV/AIDS that mixed with entertainment, while the majority of respondents do more frequently listen to lafiya uwar jiki that touches different issues on health not only HIV/AIDS. 12. on listener ship to HIV/AIDS Campaign in Katsina State Radio. OPTIONS Yes
RESPONSE 56
PERCENTAGE 61.3%
No
7
7.62%
No response
28
30.76%
Total
91
100%
The above table shows that, 56 respondents representing 61.3% of the total respondents are listened to HIV/AIDS Campaign programmes in Katsina State
39
Radio, while 7 respondents representing 7.62% of the total respondents do not listened to HIV/AIDS Campaign programmes in Katsina State Radio, 28 respondents representing 30.76% of the entire respondents have no response to this question. The finding here revealed that greater number of the people of Katsina metropolis has listened to HIV/AIDS Campaign programmes in Katsina State Radio. 13. on frequency of listening OPTIONS
RESPONSE
PERCENTAGE
Daily
7
7.69%
Weekly
43
47.25%
Monthly
3
3.29%
No response Total
38
41.75%
91
100%
The above table shows that 7 respondents representing 7.89% of the total respondents are listening to HIV/AIDS Campaign programme in Katsina State Radio daily while 43 respondents that represents 47.25%
of the total
respondents are listening to such Campaign weekly, 3 respondents are listening to such Campaign represnting 3.29% of the total respondents are listening to HIV/AIDS Campaign programme in Katsina State Radio monthly, remaining 38% respondents which represents 41.75% of the total respondents have no response this question. This indicate that the majority of the respondents exposed to HIV/AIDS programmes in Katsina State Radio weekly which 40
occurred as a result of timing and placement of a such programme from the station or as a result of audience time for listening.
14. on benefits from HIV/AIDS programmes in Katsina State Radio. OPTIONS Yes
RESPONSE 54
PERCENTAGE 59.34%
No
1
1.09%
No response
36
39.56%
Total
91
100%
The table above shows that, 51 respondents which represents 59.34% of the total respondents are fully benefiting from HIV/AIDS programmes in Katsina State Radio, while only 1 respondents representing 1.09% of the total respondents is not benefiting from the HIV/AIDS programme in Katsina State Radio, 36 respondents representing 39.56% of the entire respondents have response to this question. The data indicate that, a total of 54 respondents which represents 59.34% of the total respondents are fully benefiting from HIV/AIDS programmes in Katsina State Radio, while 1 respondent representing 1.09% of the total respondents is found not benefiting from HIV/AIDS programmes in Katsina State Radio, while 36 respondents representing 39.56% of the whole respondents do not really respond to this question.
41
15. Nature of the programme
OPTIONS Educating
RESPONSE 24
PERCENTAGE 26.37%
Enlighten
23
25.27%
Entertaining
7
7.62%
No response Total
37
40.65%
91
100%
The above table shows that, 24 respondents representing 26.37% of the total respondents find the HIV/AIDS programme of Katsina State Radio educative, i.e. they learned many things related to HIV/AIDS through the programmes, while 23 respondents representing 25.27% of the total respondents found the programme
enlighten, i.e. the programme clearly make them to become
uncontroversial about HIV/AIDS, 7 respondents found the programme entertaining, because music, drama among others are inserted to the programme, other 37 respondents representing 40.65% of the total respondents have no response to this question.
16.
Impact of the programmes on respondents
42
OPTIONS
RESPONSE
Adopting preventive 16
PERCENTAGE 17.58%
measures Educating me about 36
39.56%
HIV/AIDS Others(specify) No response Total
2
2.19% 37
46.65%
91
100%
The table able above shows that, 16 respondents representing 17.58% of the total respondents has the impact of
adopting preventive measures while 36
respondents which represents 39.56% of the total respondents have the impact of becoming more educated about HIV/AIDS, then other 2 respondents representing
2.19% of the total respondents have different impact from
HIV/AIDS programmes of Katsina State Radio, while 37 respondents representing 40.65% of the total respondents have no response to this question. The research revealed that, 16 respondents representing 17.58% of the total respondents engage in adopting preventive measures, 36 respondents that represents 39.56% of the total respondents become educative about HIV/AIDS, while 2 respondents that represents 2.19% of the entire respondents were neither adopting preventive measures nor becoming educative about HIV/AIDS, 37 respondents have no response to this question. How ever it could be said the
43
majority of the respondents have opportunity of becoming more educative about HIV/AIDS by listening HIV/AIDS programmes aired by Katsina State Radio. 17.
About HIV/AIDS OPTIONS
RESPONSE
Meaning Waysofcontrol Symptoms
PERCENTAGE
4
4.39%
12
13.18%
of
the
8
of
the 22
8.79%
disease Prevention
24.17%
disease Others(specify) No response Total
8
8.79% 37
40.65%
91
100%
The above table shows that, 4 respondents that represents 4.39% of the total respondents fully understand the meaning of HIV/AIDS, while 12 respondents representing 13.18% of the total respondents know the way of control of HIV/AIDS, 8 respondents representing 8.79% of the total respondents are aware of the symptoms of the disease, 22 respondents representing 24.17% of the total respondents know prevention ways of disease, 8 respondents which represents 8.79% of the total respondents are neither know the knows the ways of controlling the disease nor the prevention ways of the disease, while 37 respondents representing 40.65% of the total respondents have no response to
44
this question. The research shows that, 22 respo ndents that represents 24.17% of the total respondents understand the preventive ways of HIV/AIDS through the programmes listened in Katsina State Radio as its effort in the Fight Against HIV/AIDS in Katsina metropolist.
18.
On the problems that minimize the impacts of the programme OPTIONS
RESPOPNSES
PERCENTAGE
Illiteracy on the part of
18
19.78%
audience Lackofqualifiedstaff
8
8.79%
Lack of resources that 10
10.98%
will assist the Campaign Time/placement of the 16
17.58%
programme Other (specify) No response Total
3
3.29% 36
39.56%
91
100%
The above table indicate that, 18 respondents representing 19.78% of the total respondents view illiteracy on the part of audience as the problem that militating Against the HIV/AIDS Campaign, while 8 respondents representing 8.79% of the total respondents sees the problem as lack of qualified staff from the media,
45
10 respondents representing 10.98% of the entire respondents sees lack of resources that will assist the Campaign as its main problem, time/placement is the main problem that minimize the Campaign according to 16 respondents, other 3 respondents representing 3.29% of the respondents view it from different angles, 36 respondents representing 39.56% of the total respondents have no response to this question. This revealed that, most of the respondents that responds to this question view illiteracy as the most challenge faces by the media organization in its Campaign in the Fight against HIV/AIDS.
19. Advice for the betterment of the programme OPTIONS
RESPONSE
Giving much priority to 14
PERCENTAGE 15.38%
the audience Employment of qualified
19
20.87%
staff Involvement
of
health 5
5.49%
personnel to programme Proper
timing
of
the
13
14.28%
40
43.95%
programme/placement No response
46
Total
91
100%
The above table shows that, the various advises of the respondents representing 15.38% of the total respondents are of advice that, much priority should be given to audience, 19 respondents which represents 20.87% of the entire respondents view it as employment of qualified staff will beautify the programme, and 5 respondents representing 5.49% of the total respondents says involvement of health personnel into the programme will take it to greater level, while 13 respondents representing 14.28% of the entire respondents advises the Radio to make the proper timing and placement of the programmes so that it will reach the audience in suitable manner, finally 40 respondents which represents 43.49% of the total respondents have no response to this question.
47
CHAPTER FIVE 4. 4
SUMMARY CONCLUTION AND RECOMMENDATION
This research aimed at bringing out the role of Radio in the Fight against HIV/AIDS in Katsina metropolis. The major instrument in the data collection was questionnaire and face to face interviews were also conducted to cover some areas which the questionnaire could not, in order to obtained additional vital information. At the end of the tabular, data presentation and analysis, it was discovered that, majority of the respondents indicate that they are listening to Katsina State Radio programs and it shows that, most of them are listening to the station weekly at least 1 hour in a week. Again, most of them are more frequently listening to educational programs aired by the station. The research also revealed that, among the listeners of that station greater number of them have listened to HIV/AIDS programs aired by the station weekly and large number of them greatly benefited from the programmes of HIV/AIDS aired by Katsina State Radio.
48
So also, the research indicated that among the people that are listening to HIV/AIDS programmes in Katsina metropolis most of them become educative about HIV/AIDS, which make them to prevent themselves from contacting the disease. The majority of the respondents also, express their opinion concerning illiteracy on the part of the audience as the most problem that minimize the impact of the programme of HIV/AIDS. Finally, the research shows that greater number of the respondents has advice the station to employ more qualified staff that will run the programmes more efficiently.
49
CONCLUSION
The role of Radio Campaign in the Fight against HIV/AIDS can not be over emphasized, as a matter of fact; it is indeed a veritable tool in showcasing the expansion to the epidemy. The performance of Katsina State Radio in the Fight of the disease depends heavily on its ability to satisfy its clients and people it servers. HIVAIDS is not only limited to Katsina metropolis it is a global issue, a collective responsibilities is needed to put all hand jointly on desk to make world free from HIV/AIDS.
50
RECOMMENDATIONS
Having examined, critically the Roles of Radio Campaign in the Fight against HIV/AIDS in Katsina metropolis, one would be correct to say that, the station is working under harsh condition. Katsina State Radio as a pivot for enlightenment, educating and creating awareness. These aims would not be achieved without the effort and dedication of its staff in carrying out their Roles and functions. The following are therefore recommended: 1 sense
The l isteners o r p ublic o f K atsina m etropolis s hould s how t heir of responsibilities and understanding in order to cu ltivate and adopt
preventive measures for the eradication of the disease as explained in the programmes they receive from the station. 2
The K atsina S tate R adio s hould n ot l imit i ts C ampaign t o t he
present programmes, but create other programmes for effective bargaining of response from the audience. 3 In the side of government, l ogistics like v ehicles, more staff, powerful transmitters, funds etc be provided to the station for effective role in the Fight Against the disease.
51
4
The staff in Katsina State Radio in health unit, should always be
made undergo training and re-training in order to improve and maintain the audience as profession in the discharge of their duties.
BIBLOGRAPHY
Thompson, (1978), It is Real, 5th edition, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc. Engel Wood Cliffs. James, (1892), An Introduction to HIV/AIDS London, the Modino Press Limited. Marconi, (1920), the New Invention: Oxford International Text Book Co. Limited. Thomas, Et’al (1984), Planned Public Relations: London International Text Book Co. Limited. Hunt, (1984), Health and Contemporary Issues : New York, Rine Hart and Winston Inc. Yelwa, (2004), Aids is real: Text Book, Nasara Press Limited Zaria. Maxwell,
(1986),
Aids
is
Common:
Retrieved
from
Internet,
http//:Maxwell.hi.com// WHO, (2007), World Health Organization: A paper presented in World
Health Conference (2007).
52
NHIS, (2011), National Health Insurance Scheme: Paper presented In
Nigeria Health Summit, (2011). Okolie,
Evolving
(2004),
Communication
Strategies
towards
Combating HIV/AIDS in the Society : A study of Delta State University,
Abraka.
Osotimehin, (2003), The future of AIDS : (Foreign Affairs Publication), Nigeria. USAID, (2001), The 2001 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic : Geneva Joint United State Programme on AIDS. CDC, (2009), Facts on HIV/AIDS the Discourse of HIV/AIDS in Africa: Pretoria, UNAID ICT. UNAID, (2008), Epidemiology Fact Sheet: Nigeria, Update, 2004. Sambe, (2006), Mass Media and Issues of HIV/AIDS: Walsh Worth Publishing Company. FMH, (2009), the Practice of Midwifery : Colombo, Ohio: Merrill Publishing. UNICEIF, (2011), Answers to Questions on HIV/AIDS: Abuja; Uniceif. Okon, (1999), AIDS: Biological, Medical Social and Legal Issues : New Jersey Prentice Hall Inc. Mai Wada, (2004), un Published Lecture note on “AIDS In Nigeria” : Ahmadu Bello University Press Zaria. Imoh, (2003), Social Mobilization and Advocacy for HIV/AIDS
Prevention
and Control: Pretoria, UNAID ICT.
53
Folarin, (2002), Theories of Mass Communication : An Introductory Text. Abeoukuta: Link Publication. Golden, (2000), Mass Media in Changing World: New York: Mc GrawHill. Wimmer and Dominick, (1987), Mass Media Research An Introduction: Belmet Walworth Publishing Company. Usman M.B (2009), Lecture Note on Introduction to Research
Methodology:
Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic, Katsina.
Berger, (1994), The Problems of Research : London, C.V Mosby Company. Leady, (1976), Practical Research: New York, Macmillan. Nnanyelu et’al, (1999), Contemporary Public Relation Strategies and
Practice: Nsuka, Nigeria: prize Publishers. Ezugoikpe, E (2003), Research Methodology: A Practical Treatise for
students: Jos, Fon Printing Press. Sobawale, I (1993), Sientific Journalism: Lagos, John West Publication.
54
APPENDIX HASSAN USMAN KATSINA POLYTECHNIC, KATSINA.
QUESTIONNAIRE RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE
Dear respondent,
I am an HND II student of Mass Communication Department, Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic, Katsina. I am carrying out a research work, “Roles of Radio Campaign in the Fight against HIV/AIDS (A study of Katsina State Radio)”. This research is part of the requirement for the award of Higher National Diploma (HND) in Mass Communication, and your response to the following questions would make this research a huge success.
55
Kindly answer the questions as candidly as possible and be assured that your response would be treated with utmost confidentiality and used within the context of this academic research. Please tick (
) the appropriate answer in the box provided.
1
SEX:
(a)Male(
2
AGE:
(a) 18-30 (
(d) 3
51 and above (
(b)Female( )
(b) 31-40 (
) )
(c) 41-50 (
Single (
)
`(d)Widow (
)
(b) Married (
)
(c) Divorced (
)
).
EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION:
(a)Primary(
)
(b)Secondary(
(d)
)
(c)Tertiary
Others
(specify)
…………………………………………………………. 5
)
MARITAL STATUS:
(a)
4
)
OCCUPATION:
(a) Student (
)
(c) House wife (
(b) Business ( )
)
(d) Civil servant (
56
)
(e)Others (specify)………………………………………………... 6
DO YOU LISTEN TO KATSINA STATE RADIO?
(a) Yes ( 7
)
8
).
WHAT IS YOUR FREQUENCY OF LISTENING?
(a) Daily ( (
(b) No (
)
)
(b) Weekly (
)
(c) Monthly (
)
(d) Annually
(e) Others specify…………………… WHAT IS YOUR DURATION FOR LISTENING DAILY?
(a) 1 hour (
)
(b) 2 hour (
) (c) 3 hour (
)
(d) 4 hour (
)
(e) Others specify ………………………….. 9
WHAT TYPE OF PROGRAMMES DO YOU LISTEN TO MORE
FREQUENTLY?
(a) Educational (
)
(b) Health (
(d) Science and Technology ( 10
)
)
(c) Economics (
(e) Religious (
)
)
HAVE YOU EVER LISTENED TO HEALTH PROGRAMMES
AIRED BY THE STATION?
(a) Yes ( 11
)
(b) No (
)
WHAT IS THE NAME/ TITTLE OF THE PROGRAMME ?
57
............................................................................................... 12
HAVE YOU EVER LISTENED TO HIV/AIDS CAMPAIGN
PROGRAMMES IN KATSINA STATE RADIO?
(a) Yes ( 13
)
)
IF YES HOW PREQUENT?
(a) Daily ( 14
(b) No (
)
(b) weekly (
)
(c) monthly
ARE YOU BENEFITTING FROM HIV/AIDS PROGRAMMES IN
KATSINA STATE RADIO?
(a) Yes ( 15
)
(b) No (
IF YES HOW DO YOU FIND THE PROGRAMME?
(a) Educating ( (b) Enlightening ( 16
)
) )
(c) Entertaining (
)
WHAT IMPACT HAS IT ON YOU?
(a) Adopting preventive measures ( HIV/AIDS (
)
(b) Educating me about
)
(c) Others specify……………………… 17
WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT HIV/AIDS?
58
(a) Meaning (
)
(b) Ways of control (
(c) Symptoms of the disease (
)
)
(d) Prevention of the disease (
)
(d) Others specify………………………………………….. 18
WHAT PROBLEMS DO YOU THINK MINIMISE THE IMPACT
OF THE PROGRAM ON THE AUDIENCE?
(a) Illiteracy on the part of the audience (
)
(b) Lack of qualified staff from the station (
)
(c) Lack of resources that will assist the Campaign ( (d) Time/ placement of the programme (
)
)
(e) Others specify……………………………………… 19
WHAT ADVICE DOYOU HAVE FOR THE BETTERMENT OF
THE PROGRAMMES?
…………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………….
THANK YOU
59
