CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Introduction
Across the past twenty years, technology technology has changed changed methods and procedur procedures es of individu individuals als within within business business and organiz organizatio ations. ns. Informat Information ion and communication technology has essentially become part of entities in all aspects of life. With the world moving rapidly into digital media and information, the role of ICT is becoming more and more important and this importance will continue to grow and develop in the 2 st century. centu ry. The innovations of technologies in organizations influence its wor!ers in perfo performi rming ng the tas! they set set out out to do. do. And in this this world world where where change change is inevitable, people have no choice but to adapt and be part of the trend. "eople need to be fle#ible enough as technologies made its alterations. In the past, it too! a long time for information to be relayed. With the internet, messages can now be sent electronically electronically and efficiently efficiently to anyone. anyone. Any information can travel in an instant with the capability of bandwidth, and connection speed on the internet. Internet offers fast information retrieval, interactivity, accessibility and versatility. It saves time and is cost$efficient. %ver %v er the the past past five five years years,, the world world has has witne witnesse ssed d an actua actuall Intern Internet et e#plosion. The most recent authoritative data, released in 2&', shows (that Intern Internet et use use cont continu inues es to grow grow stead steadily ily,, at ).)* ).)* globa globally lly in 2&' 2&' +.* +.* in developed developed countries, -.* in the developing developing world/0 the number of Internet users
1
in developing countries has doubled in five years +2&&1$2&'/, with two thirds of all people online now living in the developing world( +ibrary earning 3pace, 2&4/. ICT is always present, with over three billion people having access to the Internet +IT5, 2&'/. Appro# 2&'/. Appro#imately imately - out of & Internet users own a smartphone, smartphone, and information and data are increasing fast +A6C, 2&4/. This rapid growth, espec especia ially lly in develo developin ping g coun countri tries, es, has has led led ICT to beco become me a nece necess ssity ity of everyday life, in which life without technology gives most of wor! and routine tas! dysfunc dysfunction tional. al. ICTs ICTs have become become within a very short time, one of the basic building bloc!s of modern society. 7any countries now regard understanding ICT and and mast master erin ing g the the basi basic c s!il s!ills ls and and conc concep epts ts of ICT ICT as part part of the the core core of education, alongside reading, writing and numeracy +8aniels, 2&&2/. 7any entities and establishments are parta!ing in the advancement of technology. %rganizations are beginning to re$evaluate their current processes and identify new types of tools to improve it +9andfield, 2&&/. 3ome people perceived automation as somewhat difficult to adopt and worry that it would put an end to their :ob because there is now a danger that wor!ers with IT s!ills will demand and get well$paid :obs, whereas those without IT s!ills may find it difficult to gain employment employment +3harman, 2&'/. 8evelopments being made today are very strong and pervasive in the business environment which leaves them no choice but to adapt with the current living standards. This could have implications for future future govern governmen ments ts.. The The motiv motivati ation on behin behind d this this study study is the mode modern rn world world phenomenon phenomenon of ICT innovations replacing paper$based paper$based information syste s ystems. ms. ICT has created the term paperless environment. This term means information can be
2
store stored d and and retri retriev eved ed throu through gh the digit digital al medium medium inste instead ad of paper paper.. %nlin %nline e commu communic nicati ation on via emails emails,, onlin online e chat chat and and insta instant nt messa messagin ging g also also help helps s in creating the paperless paperless environment. The focus of this study is to shed some light on this phenomenon by ma!ing the ;AC %ffice of ;icol 5niversity College of
3
6ecord 7anagement 3ystem is the perfect solution for the problems arising in the office. It refers to the professional practice of managing the records of an organization. This includes identifying, classifying, storing, securing, retrieving, trac!ing and preserving records. Improving of the system in the office is a !ey that facilitates effective communications between buyer and suppliers whilst also providing opportunities for ma!ing the system more fle#ible and efficient. It enhances the selection of products, and ma!es the information more effortlessly accessible. The 6esearchers propose to develop a Web$based 6e=uisition and ;AC 6ecord 7anagement 3ystem for ;icol 5niversity College of
s transactions for a faster and efficient service. ?urthermore, the system will be designed to meet client>s e#pectations through eliminating most problems that the office faces.
4
Statement of the Obecti!e" Genera# Obecti!e"
This study aims to develop a Web$based 6e=uisition and ;AC 6ecord 7anagement 3ystem for fast and easy retrieval of information.
S$ecific Obecti!e" %& To create a re=uisition management that will facilitate the re=uest of
supplies and materials from every entity. '& To develop price listing database of all the items for easy canvassing. (& To create a monitoring system for all the registered suppliers. )& To create a record management for the ;AC %ffice.
4. To evaluate the developed system using I3%@I
?unctionality
2 6eliability
5sability
'
4 7aintainability
) "ortability
5
Sco$e and De#imitation
The scope of this pro:ect is to plan, analyze, design, develop, implement, test and commission an effective and systematic Web$based 6e=uisition and ;AC 6ecord 7anagement 3ystem for ;icol 5niversity College of
6
The pro:ect aims to lessen the wor! of the authorized personnel by generating documents per re=uest transaction +if unavailable in stoc!/ such as the "urchase 6e=uest, ;AC 6esolution Alternative, ;AC 6e=uest for Buotation, Abstract of Award, ;AC 6esolution C6;, otice of Award, "urchase %rder, Inspection and Acceptance 6eport, and 6e=uisition and Issue 3lip. The system can also be able to monitor if the suppliers bring all the re=uired documents during a ;AC meeting. 9owever, the proposed system will only be focusing on the !eeping and trac!ing of bid documents but will not include the bidding process and the managing of inventory of supplies.
Si*nificance of the Re"earch
7anual processing of the records held in the 3upply %ffice, and ;ids and Awards Committee +;AC/ %ffice of ;icol 5niversity College of
academic institution is research. This study will be another contribution to the research achievements of the university. Co##e*e of Education& This study will greatly help those in the college for
a faster transaction and cost$efficient environment. Su$$#, Office& This will minimize manual labor on filing and record
!eeping of paper$based records of all the purchase re=uests. Thus, this will result
7
in an increased productivity of the personnel and ma!ing generation of reports faster. BAC Office& This system will help the ;AC officers for ma!ing their :ob
efficient and easier by improving the current record management in the office. -acu#t, or De$artment"& The system will benefit the personnel on filing
purchase re=uest online. With the functionalities of the said system, this will provide them with fast and efficient operation using re=uisition system that will minimize the burden of going to the 3upply %ffice. Student"& This study will serve as an educational and reference material
for their future studies and underta!ings. This may also give an idea on ma!ing their own versions of the e#isting system, thus presenting their own modifications. Re"earcher"& This study will provide stimulated learning for the
researchers by giving the ability to learn in a hands$on environment and empowered them to develop critical thin!ing s!ills as well as their designing and programming aptitude. This will also train the researchers to become more prepared and molded with their s!ills in the field of information technology. -uture Re"earcher"& This study will serve as a reference material for their
research relevant to the study. ?uture 6esearchers would be provided with valuable data or information for the success of their study related to the nature of this research.
8
Definition of Term"
The following terms related to our research were defined theoretically for a better understanding .eb/ba"ed ","tem& In this study, this refers to any information system
that is coded in a browser$supported language such as Dava3cript, combined with a browser$rendered mar!$up language li!e 9T7, and reliant on a common web browser to render the functionality of the system. Re0ui"ition& A formal written demand that something should be performed
or put into operation. BAC& 6efers to the ;ids and Awards committee who>s responsible on the
procurement process. Record& 6epresents proof of e#istence and that can be used to retrieve
and recreate or prove state of e#istence. A record is either created or received by the office in pursuance of or in compliance with legal obligations, or in the transaction of business. Mana*ement& A systematic method in organizing record. Record Mana*ement& "rofessional practice of managing the records of
an organization. This includes identifying, classifying, storing, securing, retrieving, and trac!ing. Price Li"tin*& ist of prices of products of every registered supplier. Good" and Ser!ice"& A type of re=uest. Eoods are items that
are tangible, such as boo!s, pens, and folders. 3ervices are activities provided by other people, such as doctors, lawn care wor!ers, dentists, barbers, waiters, or online servers. 9
Co"t/efficient& "roductive. Purcha"e Re0ue"t& A form filled$out by the end$users with the item they
were re=uesting. BAC Re"o#ution A#ternati!e& A resolution declaring alternative mode of
procurement. BAC Re0ue"t for 1uotation& "rocurement solicitation in which an
organization as!s outside
vendors to
offer a =uote for the completion of a specific
tas! or pro:ect. Ab"tract of A2ard& 3ummary of the acceptance of a bid or proposal for
a contract. BAC Re"o#ution Lo2e"t Ca#cu#ated and Re"$on"i!e Bid 3LCRB4& A
resolution declaring lowest calculated responsive bid and recommending approval. Notice
of
A2ard&
Written confirmation of
an award of
a contract by
a customer to a successful bidder , stating the amount of the award, the award date, and when the contract will be signed. It may also contain a notice to proceed, and it is sometimes also used in lieu of a purchase order to a vendor . Also called award letter or notice of award. Purcha"e Order& A buyer$generated document that authorizes a purchase
transaction. When accepted by the seller, it becomes a contract binding on both parties. A purchase order sets forth the descriptions, =uantities, prices, discounts, 10
payment terms, date of performance or shipment, other associated terms and conditions, and identifies a specific seller. In"$ection and Acce$tance Re$ort& The e#amination +including testing/
of supplies and services +including raw materials and component/ to determine whether the supplies and services conform to contract re=uirement which include all applicable drawings, specifications and purchase description. Re0ui"ition and I""ue S#i$& A buyer$generated document that authorizes
a purchase transaction. When accepted by the seller, it becomes a contract binding on both parties. A purchase order sets forth the descriptions, =uantities, prices, discounts, payment terms, date of performance or shipment, other associated terms and conditions, and identifies a specific seller. Also called order.
11
Note"
A6C. +2&4/. 3urvey In ) Internet 5sers %wn a 3martwatch or ?itness Trac!er. 6etrieved from http@@arc.applause.com@2&4@&@2@survey$$)$people$ smartwatch$fitness$trac!er . 8aniels, D.3. +2&&2/. F?orewordG in Information and Communication Technology in Education–A Curriculum for Schools and Programme for Teacher Development . "aris 5<3C%. 9andfield, 6. +2&&, %ctober 22/. <$procurement and the "urchasing "rocess. Supply Chain Management, Supply Chain esource Cooperative, Poole College of Management, !orth Carolina State "niversity# 6etrieved Duly &, 2&), from https@@scm.ncsu.edu@scm$articles@article@e$procurement$and$the$ purchasing$process . +& Duly, 2&)/. IT" . +2&'/. IT5 releases annual global ICT 8evelopment Inde# country ran!ings. 6etrieved Duly &, 2&) from http@@www.itu.int@net@pressoffice@pressHreleases@2&'@)-.
ibrary earning 3pace +2&4/. IT5 releases annual global ICT data and ICT 8evelopment Inde# country ran!ings. 6etrieved 3eptember &, 2&4, from http@@librarylearningspace.com@itu$releases$annual$global$ict$data$ict$ development$inde#$country$ran!ings . 3harman, 6. +2&', 3eptember &4/. What is < "rocurement Claritum Article. 6etrieved Duly 21, 2&), from http@@www.claritum.com@what$is$e$ procurement.
12
CHAPTER II RE5IE. O- RELATED LITERAT+RE AND ST+DIES
In this chapter, the 6esearchers describe the relevant literature surrounding the problem discussion, which ta!es part as foundation of this study. 6eview of literature identifies many advantages and opportunities from the field of "rocurement 3ystem. This chapter presents a review of foreign and local related literature and studies from various libraries, te#t, internet sources, articles, and publications which were found to be direct and indirectly relevant to the present study.
Re#ated Literature"
Web$based is not actually new. They are :ust another term for websites, which were developed based on web technologies li!e 9T7, Dava3cript, and C33. I3% standard 4'-1 +2&&/, defines 6ecords 7anagement +67/ as the field of management responsible for the efficient and systematic control of the creation, receipt, maintenance, use and disposition of records, including the processes for capturing and maintaining evidence of and information about business activities and transactions in the form of records. In the boo! FEood 6ecords 7anagement "ractices,G the author defined Frecord managementG as the whole range of activities which an organization should perform to properly manage its records. The !ey activities include setting records
management
policy,
assigning
13
responsibilities,
establishing
and
promulgating procedures and guidelines, as well as designing, implementing and administering record!eeping systems. In the course of doing business, records are created through a variety of government activities such as vehicle registration, professional licensing, procurement contract transactions, general correspondence, and other e#ternal and internal business processes within state and local government offices +
14
According to the 6.A. 1-', 3ection 4, ;AC refers to the ;ids and Awards Committee established in accordance with Article 4 of this Act. The main function of the office is for procurement for each procurement entity. 7any documents are submitted in the office in compliance with the re=uirements for the transactions and for eligibility and technicality +Eovernment "rocurement "olicy ;oard, 2&2/. (6ecords management( refers to the managerial activities involved with respect to records creation, records maintenance and use, transmission, retention and records disposition in order to achieve ade=uate and proper documentation of policies and transactions of government for its efficient, effective and economical operation +6.A. 1'&, 2&&/. According to "aperless Trail Inc. +2&)/. 6ecord 7anagement is an important practice in any organization which more often than not are treated as a minor tas! that re=uires little focus or attention. %ften handled by 9uman 6esources +96/ or the finance@accounting department, 6ecord 7anagement ensures that any and all information and documents of a company is up to date, accurate and is compliant to all laws and regulations of the "hilippines. "aper
and electronic documents
are
used by information
wor!ers
interchangeably.
The "hilippine 8eposit Insurance Corp. +"8IC/ have adopted and implemented a document management system that aims to enhance the operational efficiency of the corporation. It enables the corporation to better serve the public through an organized and systematic information system. The electronic filing, archiving and retrieval system have preserved "8IC>s organizational !nowledge by capturing and storing paper documents into a secure digital repository, managing stored documents through an organized inde# system for fast search and retrieval of records, and allowing a secured sharing of electronic documents within and outside the office +"hil3tar Elobal ;usiness, 2&&/. Re#ated Studie"
16
paper cost reduce0 . less energy used0 -. time spent reduce0 1. eliminates duplication of files and0 &. reduces possibility of mista!es. In fact, Ataullah +2&&1/ stated that Fthe problem of records retention is often viewed as simply deleting records when they have outlived their purpose. 9owever, in the world of relational databases there is no standardized notion of a business record and its retention obligations. 5nli!e physical documents such as forms and reports, information in databases is organized such that one item of data may be part of various legal records and conse=uently sub:ect to several +and possibly conflicting/ retention policies.G 9owever, there are challenges in ma!ing the records management electronic. 3ome of which are . the documents and records we now create are dependent upon technology to interpret them, and more often than not, they are dependent upon specific hardware and software system combinations0 2. there are a lac! of institutional policies and guidelines addressing the management of electronic records0 . there are a lac! of affordable tools to appropriately and effectively manage electronic records0 '. without effective tools and@or institutional polices and guidelines for filing and managing records, the usability, and accessibility to the records may be compromised0 4. there is a greater ris! for potential security breaches and damage via virus attac!s0 ). there are significant ris!s of records loss or damage due to instability of storage media0 . the unmanaged proliferation of copies, even in paper, that while they provide redundancy from a bac!up point of view, they can ultimately wrea! havoc with completing a final disposition process +ibrary %35, 2&4/.
17
The Fe$8oK 8<"<8 3tudent Erade 6ecords 7anagement 3ystem with Implementation of Advanced
18
2&)/. The system covers the entire thesis process as well as the document management of the different thesis documents. The main ob:ective of the system is to provide a portal that can help trac! and accomplish the thesis cycle. The researchers also found a study that is related to the current study. It was also a web$based system that was developed by ?a:ardo and 7ediario in 2&). Its general ob:ective is to develop a Web$based 9uman 6esource 7anagement and "ayroll 3ystem for 8epartment of abor and s 8evelopment
3tep towards Institutional
"rogressG to improve the manual processing of office supplies re=uisition and inventory at the "roperty %ffice of "5$;atangas and to be used by the different offices and colleges involved in the re=uest of office supplies. It includes security features to its users wherein the different offices and colleges served as the re=uesting departments and the property cler! as the administrator who has the full access to the functionalities of the entire system. Through the development of this system, the difficulties during re=uisition of supplies and too many forms to be handled will be eliminated. ;ut 8acuycuy$"acio +2&/ says that one of the changes that came about web$based applications are ma!ing the accessing of records centralized.
19
According to Ambre and Trinidad, Dr. +2&)/, paper is still one of the ma:or media of communication e#tensively used in most office environments. There were e#pert analyses and predictions that paper use will be eliminated or will be limited in the near future.
This related literature and studies have significant relationship with the present study in the sense that both are discussing about the benefits of having an electronic system that could replace the old method used by the office. i!ewise,
the
accessibility
of
the
6e=uisition
and
;AC
6ecord
7anagement 3ystem will be implemented by ma!ing it a web$based system. Ga$/brid*ed b, the Stud,
The 6esearchers review of 6elated iterature and 3tudies has been made, it was observed that the current study focused on ma!ing the documents easy to generate and the records faster to access. While the focal point of the previous studies was to ma!e the transactions automated. Though in some point, there are rules and regulations that must be considered from 6epublic Act o. 1-' to avoid illegal acts. This system is used in many different establishments today as a tool to ma!e sure that one>s businesses are going to succeed.
It will promote the
function by ensuring accuracy of records by having a database. Web$based
20
6e=uisition and ;AC 6ecord 7anagement 3ystem will also allow employees to finish their wor!s on time. It will also help the office to have a proper way of managing re=uests. The proposed system will provide the necessary reports to access information.
Note"
Almarez, . +2&/. Automated $ffice Supplies e%uisition and Inventory System&s Development' A Step to(ards Institutional Progress# +5ndergraduate Thesis/. yceum of the "hilippines 5niversity, ;atangas. Ambre, D. A. and Trinidad, D. T. An %nline 8ocument Trac!ing 3ystem for a 3tate College. 6etrieved 7ay ), 2&), from http@@iamure.com@publication@inde#.php . Ataullah A. +2&&-/. A )rame(or* for ecords Management in elational Data+ase Systems# +5npublished 7aster>s Thesis/. 5niversity of Waterloo, Waterloo, %ntario, Canada. Cavou!ian, A. +2&&/. s 6ight to Access Eovernment$ 9eld Information p. . 6etrieve August &, 2&), from https@@www.ipc.on.ca@images@resources@up$erdmsHe.pdf . 8acuycuy$"acio 6. +2&/. $nline Student Information System of enguet State "niversity -$SIS.S"/, Philippines# +An 5ndergraduate Thesis/. ;enguet 3tate 5niversity. "rint. 8el 6osario, <., 8el 6osario D., ieva, 7., Tan, T., and Tang!e!o, 7. +2&)/. CollaborateIT A CC3 IT Thesis "ortal with
egional $ffice 8 . +An 5ndergraduate Thesis/. ;icol 5niversity, 8epartment of Computer 3cience and Information Technology, egazpi City. "rint. 9ood ecords Management Practices# +2&/. 6etrieved August -, 2&) from http@@www.grs.gov.h!@ws@english@[email protected] . 9a, 3. 9., and im, 3. W. +2&'/. The "rogress of "aperless Trade in Asia and the "acific
Eovernment "rocurement "olicy ;oard. +2&2/. 7and+oo* on Philippine 9overnment Procurement +)th ed./. I3%. +2&&/. I3% 4'-1$2&& Information and documentation $$ 6ecords management, "art Eeneral. 6etrieved August -, 2&), from http@@www.iso.org@iso@catalogueHdetailcsnumberM1&- . ibrary, %35. +2&4/.
22
CHAPTER III RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOG6
This chapter presents the methodology and procedure employed in the development of the study. 3ources of data, instruments used and data gathering procedure are li!ewise given. This section lists and discusses specific steps and activities e#ecuted by the 6esearchers to accomplish the pro:ect.
Re"earch De"i*n
"ro:ect planning is a critical activity for system development. Eood planning helps the team wor! together to achieve a set of defined goals in a defined period of time. The 6esearchers embar! on the process of planning for a system development pro:ect, and describes a practical approach to pro:ect planning. 8ata and information from e#isting systems and other related studies were coherently and cohesively collected for the development of this study. The 6esearchers gathered data from the undergraduate thesis at the ;icol 5niversity College of 3cience, Information Technology and Computer 3cience 8epartment and more information were gathered through thorough research from the internet, boo!s, related articles, documents and published and unpublished thesis writings that were available during the development of this study.
23
Re"earch Methodo#o*,
6ational 5nified "rocess is the best suited method in developing the system. 65" is based on a set building bloc!s and content elements, describing what is to be produced, the necessary s!ills re=uired and the step$by$step e#planation describing how specific development goals are to be achieved +Jruchten, 2&&'/. It provides a disciplined approach to assigning tas!s and responsibilities within a development organization. Its goal is to ensure the production of high$=uality software that meets the needs of its end$users, within a predictable schedule and budget.
The 65" has determined a pro:ect life$cycle consisting of four phases Pha"e %7 Ince$tion Pha"e
The Inception phase is where the researchers get familiarity with the pro:ect goal and scope. It helps determine the pro:ect feasibility, what customer wants, and how the researchers will get into more resource consumable phase. The 6esearchers first conducted an interview with the 3upply %fficer and other concerned personnel of the ;5C< 3upply %ffice to identify and analyze their needs, considering all the present problems encountered by the %ffice. The 6esearchers suggested a suitable solution to the current problems and found the suitable aspects of information systems applications that could help the office reach its ob:ective. The %ffice uses computer and manually type information using the <#cel application which is not really efficient. The office use computers
24
in processing important documents but !eeps records in paper base format and puts them on folders or bo#es that are then put on shelves. The 6esearchers initially planned to create an e;idding 3ystem for the ;5C< ;AC %ffice for the reason that 6esearchers believe that this would greatly many entities. It would somehow serve as a model in improving the current "hilE<"3 which is used nationally. 9owever, after several discussions, the 6esearchers then decided to switch into a new system due to technical issues. The new study is about a Web$based 6e=uisition and ;AC 6ecord 7anagement 3ystem. The system not only involves the 3upply %ffice but also the ;AC %ffice.
Pha"e '7 E#aboration Pha"e
The primary ob:ective is to mitigate the !ey ris! items identified by analysis up to the end of this phase. The elaboration phase is where the pro:ect starts to ta!e shape. In this phase the problem domain analysis is made and the architecture of the pro:ect gets its basic form. To attain the needed solution to the problems, a deeper understanding of the re=uirements is needed. 8uring the interview, the 6esearchers discussed the overview of the system, the flowcharts and forms about programs and services for thorough study and analysis. The secondary sources of data were gathered from boo!s, :ournals, undergraduate thesis and online websites. The sample forms provided by the %ffice also served as the secondary sources. These provided the needed information regarding to the flow of transactions that helped the researchers.
25
At the end of this phase, the 6esearchers had had a better understanding on the re=uirements needed in the system being developed in relation to how the %ffice functions.
Pha"e (7 Con"truction Pha"e
The Construction "hase is about cost$efficient development of a complete product and operational version of the system that can be deployed in the user community. It is where the researchers develop a complete product that is ready for transition to its community. 5sing all the gathered information, the 6esearchers made a design fit for the features of the 3ystem. The researchers gathered all the data needed for the database ma!ing and the outer appearance of the pages. The researchers created the database design so that the process of producing a detailed data model of a database will be clear. The logical data model contains all the needed logical and physical design choices and physical storage parameters needed to generate a design in a data definition language, which can then be used to create a database. In developing the software, the 6esearchers found 9yperte#t "re$ "rocessor +"9"/ easy to use for the programming language that was designed for creating dynamic websites. "9" language is fle#ible and fairly forgiving, ma!ing it easy to learn. "9" is a general purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development. It generally runs on a web$server, ta!ing "9" code as its input
26
and creating web pages as output. It can be deployed on most web$servers, many operating systems and platforms, and can be used with many relational database management systems. It is available free of charge, and the "9" Eroups provide a complete source code for users to build, customize and e#tend for their own use +7y "hp.net, n.d./. The languages used in designing the system were the 9yperte#t 7ar! 5p language +9T7/ and the Cascading 3tyle 3heet +C33/. The 6esearchers made a design fit for the features of the needed outputs of the office. The 9T7 was used in creating web pages. It described the structure of a website semantically along with the cues of presentation. 9T7 elements form the building bloc!s of the website, and it allowed the images and other ob:ects to be embedded +World Wide Web Consortium, 2&&/ . The Cascading 3tyle 3heet +C33/ was used in describing the loo! and formatting of the document written in mar!up language. It is designed to enable separation of document content presentation, including elements such as colors and fonts. The separation improved the organization of the codes of the 3ystem and also provided more fle#ibility and control in the specification of presentation characteristics +7ozilla 8eveloper etwor!, 2&4/. The data were collected in software li!e 7y3B. Instead of reinventing the wheel and implementing a system storing and retrieving data, 7y3B uses the specialized database programs. 7y3B database is the world>s most popular open source database because of its high performance, high reliability, ease of use and dramatic cost savings. 3tructured Buery anguage +3B/ is a database
27
sublanguage used in =uerying, updating and managing relational database. It is also used to communicate with database 7anagement 3ystem +8;73/. 3B is a database computer language design for the retrieval and management of data in relational database management systems +6873/, database schema creation and modification, and database ob:ect access control management +7icrosoft, 2&&1/. The Apache 9TT" 3erver was also used. It supports a variety of features, many implemented as compiled modules which e#tend the core functionality.
Table Hard2are and Soft2are Re0uirement"
8is! 3pace 6e=uirement 7emory 6e=uirement "rocessor
7inimum of '& E; At least 24) 7; of 6A7 Intel or A78 "rocessor
;rowser %ther 3oftware
At least .&) E9z 7ozilla, Eoogle Chrome Apache, "hp, 7y3B
Pha"e )7 Tran"ition Pha"e
28
The purpose of the transition phase is to transition the software product to the user community. In this phase the 6esearchers validate the new system against user e#pectations.
?igure Rationa# +nified Proce"" 3R+P4
The 6esearchers used the 6ational 5nified "rocess as research methodology in developing the 3ystem. It is a se=uential process wherein there are series of tas!s to be completed.
29
