E X I L E I N D A P I TA N “Hurl’d out into exile from the land I adore, My future all dark and no rejuge to seek; My roseat dreams hover round me once more, Sole treasures of all that life to me bore; The faiths of youth that with sincerity speak.” -Jose Rizal
Arrival in Manila • June 26, 1989 – Rizal and his sister Lucia arrived in Manila, on board the small steamer • Oriente Hotel – in Binondo, the two Rizals registered which was the best hotel in Manila • 4:00 PM – Dr. Rizal went to Malacanan to pay a courtesy call on Gov. Despujol • 7:00 PM – He returned to Malacanan and was able to interview with the governor-general
• From Malacanan, Rizal visited his sisters – Narcisa and Saturnina. • The Prominent Filipino Patriots Apolinario Mabini Andres Bonifacio Ambrosio Salvador Timoteo Paez Pedro Serrano Laktaw Deodato Arellano
The Founding of La Liga Filipina Towns which Rizal visited on the return trip: Tutuban Station, Manila – Train • Malolos (Bulacan) • San Fernando (Pampanga) • Tarlac ( Tarlac) • Bacolor( Pampanga)
• July 3, 1892 – Rizal founded Liga Filipina in the home of Doroteo Ongjunco, Ilaya Street, Tondo, Manila
• The Officers of New Civic Association under Rizal’s super vision President: Ambrosio Salvador Fiscal: Agustin de la Rosa Treasurer: Bonifacio Arevalo Secretary: Deodato Arellano ( M.H Del Pilar’s brother in law) • Aims of Liga Filipina To unite the whole archipelago into one compact and homogeneous body.
Mutual protection in every want and necessity. Defense against all violence and injustice. Encouragement of instruction, agriculture and commerce. Study and application of reforms.
Deportation to Dapitan • July 7, 1892 – Rizal was summoned to Malacanan • Gov. Despujol – asked Rizal If he still want to go back in Hongkong • Pobres Frailes (Poor Friars) – Anti-friar article under the authorship of Fr. Jacinto • Imprenta de los Amigos, Manila – this article was a satire against the rich Dominicans
• July 7, 1892 – Gov. Despujol’s decree deporting Rizal to an island in the south was published by the Graceta de Manila, a newspaper in Manila • Reasons of Rizal’s deportation to Dapitan Rizal had published books and articles abroad which show disloyalty to Spain and which were “frankly anti- Catholic” and “ imprudently anti-friar”
A bundle of handbills entitled ‘Pobres Frailes’ was founded. His novel El Filibusterismo was dedicated to the memory of the three “traitors” (Burgos, Gomez, and Zamora) and on the title page he wrote that in view of the vices and errors of the Spanish administration. “ The end which he pursues in his efforts and writings is to tear from the loyal Filipino breasts the treasure of our holy Catholic faith”.
• July 14 – Rizal was brought under heavy guard, to the steamer Cebu • July 15 – steamer left Manila, sailing southward through Mindoro and Panay • July 17 – reaching Dapitan at 7:00 PM Sunday • Captain Delgas – the ship’s skipper, handed over Rizal to Captain Ricardo Carcinero, Politico- Military Governor of Dapitan
Rizal in Dapitan
• Fr. Pablo Pastells – Superior of the Jesuits Society in the Philippines • Fr. Antonio Obach – Jesuit Missionary of Dapitan
• Three conditions for Rizal to live in the Jesuit mission house: “That Rizal publicity retract his errors concerning religion, and make statements that were clearly, pro-Spanish and against revolution. “That he perform the church rites and make general confession of his past life.” “That henchforth he conduct himself in an exemplary manner as a Spanish subject and a man of religion.”
• Capt. Carnicero (the warden) – a commandant; Consequently, Rizal(the prisoner) lived in his house. • A Don Ricardo Carnicero – a poem written by Rizal dedicated for Carnicero on the occasion of the Captain’s birthday • Captain Juan Sitges - a more commandant, who assigned Rizal to live in a house near the commandancia and required him to report three times daily.
Rizal – Pastells Debate on Religion • Rizal had a long and scholarly debate by correspondence with Father Pastells on religion. Dates of four letters written by Rizal: September 1, 1892 November 11, 1892 January 9, 1893 April 4, 1893
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and in Father Pastells’ replies dated: October 12, 1892 December 8, 1892 February 2, 1893 April (no exact date), 1893.
Useful and Peaceful Life • Members of Rizal’s family who took turns in visiting him in Dapitan: His mother (Dona Teodora) His sisters Trinidad, Maria and Narcisa His nephews Teodosio, Estanislao, Mauricio and Prudencio • Rizal’s activities in Dapitan He devoted to the practice of medicine;
To his artistic, literary, educational, linguistic, and scientific pursuits To his agricultural and business activities; To certain civic projects To his extensive correspondence with Blumentritt, Josest, Rost, Meyer, Knuttel, Kheil and other scientist of Europe • Three houses of Rizal in Dapitan Square Hexagonal Octagonal • All of bamboo, wood and nipa
• In the square house live – Dooa Teodora, sister Trinidad, a nephew and Rizal • In the octagonal live- his boys or some good youngsters whom he teach arithmetic, Spanish, and English • And In the hexagonal live – his chickens
As Physician in Dapitan • Dr. Marquez – Rizal’s friend in Hongkong • August, 1893 – his mother and sister (Maria) arrived in Dapitan and lived with him for one year and a half • For the third time, Rizal operated on his mother’s eyes • Rizal had many patients who came from different parts of the Philippines –from Luzon, Bohol, Cebu, Panay, Negros, and Mindanao-and even from Hongkong
• Don Ignacio Tumarong – a rich Filipino patient, was able to see again because of Rizal’s ophthalmic skill and he paid Rizal P3,000 • Don Florencio Azcarraga – a rich hacendero of Aklan, was also cured of eye ailment, and paid Rizal a cargo of sugar • Dr. Bantug – physician and Rizalist, He said that Rizal became interested in local medicine and in the use of our medicinal plants
Rizal as Engineer • Expert Surveyor ( perito agrimensor) – the title which Rizal obtained from the Ateneo. • In Dapitan, Rizal applied his knowledge of engineering by constructing a system of waterworks • Mr. H. F. Cameron – An American engineer who praised Rizal’s engineering feat
Civic Projects for Dapitan • When Rizal arrived in Dapitan, he was sad to see it – dirty, unkempt, and unprogressive. • Constructing the town’s first water system • Spent many months draining the marshes in order to get rid of the malaria that infested Dapitan. • P500 –The amount which his English patient paid him was used by him to equip the town with its lighting system.
• The beautification of Dapitan – another civic project of Rizal With the help of Rizal’s former Jesuit teacher and friend, Father Francisco Sanchez, he remodelled the town plaza in order to enchance its beauty
Rizal as Educator • Rizal established a school w/c was attended by a group of select boys from prominent families of Dapitan • He had 16 pupils in his school and those pupil did not pay any tuition • Instead of charging them tuition fees, he made them work in his garden, fields and construction project in the community
• Rizal taught his boys: reading, writing languages (Spanish & English), geography, history, math(Arithmetic & Geometry), industrial work, nature study, morals and gymnastics Hammcock – where the teacher (Rizal) sat on A long bamboo bench – where the pupils sat on • Outside the class hours, Rizal encouraged them to play games in order to strengthen their bodies They had gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, stone throwing, swimming, arnis(native fencing) and boating
H y m n t o t h e Ta l i s a y Tr e e • Rizal conducted his school at his home in Talisay, near Dapitan, where he had his farm and hospital • His favorite rendezvous with his boys was under a talisay tree, after w/c the place was named • Himno A Talisay – a poem written by Rizal in honor of the talisay tree; for his pupils to sing
C o n t r i b u t i o n s To S c i e n c e • Rizal found Mindanao a rich virgin field for collecting specimens With his baroto and acompanied by pupils, he explored the jungles and coasts, seeking specimens of insects, shells and plants He sent these specimens to the museums of Europe, especially the Dressed Museum • Scientific books and surgical instruments – the European scientist sent him, in payment for those valuable specimens.
• Rizal discovered some rare specimens w/c were named in his honor by scientist. Among these were: Draco Rizali(a flying dragon) Apogonia Rizali (a small beetle) Rhacophorus Rizali (a rare frog)
Linguistic Studies • He wrote a Tagalog grammar, made a comparative study of the Bisayan and Malayan languages, and studied the Bisayan (Cebuan) and Subanun languages • April 5, 1896 – his last year of exile in Dapitan • Rizal – could rank with the world’s great linguists He knew 22 languages, as follows: Tagalog, Ilokano, Subanun, Spanish, Latin, Greek, English, French, German, Arabic, Malayan, Hebrew, Sanskrit, Dutch, Catalan, Italian, Chinese, Japanese, Protuguese, Swedish and Russian
Artistic Works In Dapitan • Rizal contributed his painting skill to the Sisters of Charity who were preparing the sanctuary of the holy Virgin in their private chapel • Rizal modeled the right foot of the image, the apple and the serpent’s head • For the sake of the economy, the head of the image was “ procured from abroad, the vestments concealing all the rest of the figure except the feet, w/c rested upon a globe encircled by a snake in whose mouth is an apple”
• He also designed the exquisite curtain, w/c painted in oils by an artist Sister under his direction • He drew the three rare species w/c he had discovered The dragon, the frog and the beetle • A puppy of Syria –Rizal’s dog; was devoured by a crocodile • The Mother’s Revenge – a statue representing the mother-dog killing the crocodile, by way of avenging her lost puppy
Other sculptural works of Rizal in Dapitan were: A bust of Father Guerrico (one of his Ateneo professors) A statue of a girl called “The Dapitan girl” A wood carving of Josephine Bracken (his wife) A bust of St. Paul (given to Father Pastells)
Rizal as Farmer • Rizal bought 16 hectares of land in Talisay. • 70 hectares containing 6,000 hemp plants, 1,000 coconut trees and numerous fruit trees, sugarcane, corn, coffee and cacao • He introduced modern methods of agriculture which he had observed in Europe and America. • He invested as physician and P6,000 he won in a lottery on lands • He imported agricultural machinery from the United States.
Rizal as Businessman • Partnership with Ramon Carreon, a Dapitan Merchant • Hemp Industry - The most profitable business venture of Rizal in Dapitan • He shipped 150 bales of hemp in Dapitan at $7 and 4 reales per picul and sold it in Manila at $10 and 4 reales, giving him a profit of $3 per picul
Rizal As Inventor • Sulpukan – a cigarette lighter; was invented by Rizal which he sent as a gift to Blumentritt This unique cigarette lighter was made of wood • He invented a machine for making bricks It could manufacture about 6,000 bricks daily
My Retreat • Mi Retiro (My Retreat) – a poem written by Rizal about his serene life as an exile in Dapitan This poem was acclaimed by literary critics as one of the best ever penned by Rizal
R iza l a n d Jo se p h in e Bra c ke n • The death of Leonor Rivera on August 28, 1893 left a poignant void in his heart • Josephine Bracken – Irish girl of sweet eighteen, “slender a chestnut blond, with blue eyes, dressed with elegant simplicity, with an atmosphere of light gayety.” She was born in Hongkong, of Irish parents, on October 3, 1876
• Her mother died in childbirth, and she was adopted by an American engineer, Mr. Tauter, who later became blind. • February, 1885 – Josephine arrived in Dapitan with Mr. Tauter and Filipino companion, Manuela Orlac. • Rizal and Josephine fell in love with each other at first sight, after the whirlwind romance of one month, they agreed to marry • Father Obach – the parish priest of Dapitan refused to marry them without the permission of the Bishop of Cebu
• Mr. Tauter heard the wedding of Rizal and Josephine, he could not endure the thought of losing Josephine • He tried to commit suicide by cutting of his throat with a razor • To avoid a tragedy, Josephine went with Tauter to Manila by the first available steamer • Josephine stayed in Manila with Rizal’s family. • Francisco – an eight-month lost son of Rizal who lived only for three hours; was named in honor of Don Francisco (the hero’s father) and was buried in Dapitan
Rizal and the Katipunan • Andres Bonifacio – the “Great Plebeian,” sowed the seeds of an armed uprising • Katipunan – the secret revolutionary society which Bonifacio founded on July 7, 1892, was gaining more and more adherents.
• A secret meeting of the Katipunan took place in Bitukang Manok – a little river near the town of Pasig • Dr. Pio Valenzuela – was named emissary to Dapitan, in order to inform Rizal of the plan of Katipunan to launch a revolution for Freedom’s sake • June 15, Dr. Valenzuela left Manila on board the steamer Venus
To camouflage his real mission, he brought with him a blind man named Raymundo Mata and a guide going to Dapitan to solicit Rizal’s medical advice. • Two reasons why Rizal objected to Bonifacio’s audacious project to plunge the country in bloody revolution The people are not ready for a revolution Arms and funds must first be collected before reaising the cry of revolution
• Governor General Ramon Blanco – Despujol’s successor; Rizal wrote to him offering his services as military doctor in Cuba • El Canto del Viajero (The song of the Traveler) –a heart-moving poem written by Rizal; It was with his joyous thought of resuming his travels(to Europe and then to Cuba)
Good-bye to Dapitan • July 31, 1896 – Rizal’s four year exile in Dapitan came to an end • At midnight of that date he left on the steamer Espaoa. He was accompanied by Josephine, Narcisa, Angelica (Narcisa’s daughter), his three nephews, and six of his loyal pupils • Judge Herrero Regidor – Rizal’s former classmate • August 6, 1896 – Rizal’s steamer arrived in Manila Bay • Unfortunately, the Isla de Luzon had already left for Spain so Rizal was transferred to Spanish cruiser Castilla to wait for the next steamer
