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>.Patti is '!$u'ti# a stu$ ! t(& %&lati!s(i+ ,&t2&& +(a%*a'&uti'al -s2&% - +a#& 81) '!*+ai&s a$ ui0&%sit (i%i# a$ "i%i#) +%a'ti'&s. I (&% %&s&a%'(F s(& it&%0i&2s a 8.A(i'( !" t(& "!ll!2i# +%!0i$&s a s&%i&s !" +s'(!l!#istsF +(si'iasF &9a*+l& !" qualitati0& s!'i!l!# ui0&%sit a$*iist%at!%s 2(&%& s(& 'a a. '%i*& %at&s a''&ss t(&*)F a$ ui! a'ti0ists t! "i#u%& ,. t(& &*!ti!al &""&'ts !" #!i# t(%!u#( a !ut (!2 t(& a%& *ai# s&s& !" t(is $i0!%'& %&lati!s(i+. O t(& ,asis !" t(is *at&%ialF '. a '!*+a%ati0& stu$ ! t(& u*,&% !" Patti $&0&l!+s a a%#u*&t a$ *a&s (!*&l&ss +&!+l& i 0a%i!us *a!% 'iti&s s&0&%al %&'!**&$ati!s t! t(& ,%!a$&% $. a su%0& a,!ut #&$&% a$ &a%i# ui0&%sit '!**uit. H&% 2!% is a +!t&tial &9a*+l& !" 2(i'( t+& !" %&as!i# a. $&$u'ti0& l!#i' -s2&% B +a#& 81) ,. i$u'ti0& l!#i' '. %&$u'ti0& l!#i' :.A(at $! qualitati0& stu$i&s us& as t(& *ai $. (+!t(&sis t&sti# t&'(iqu&s "!% $ata '!ll&'ti! a. su%0&s a$ qu&sti!ai%&s -s2&% B +a#& 8) ,. it&%0i&2s a$ !,s&%0ati!s '. qu&sti!ai%&s a$ it&%0i&2s ?.- t&tati0& stat&*&t a,!ut a +a%ti'ula% $. s&'!$a% aalsis a$ su%0&s %&lati!s(i+2(&t(&% ,&t2&& !,&'tsF +&!+l&F !% #%!u+s !" +&!+l&t(at 'a ,& -s2&% B +a#& 8) t&st&$ &*+i%i'all is a <.A(&%&as quatitati0& %&s&a%'(&%s '!0&%t a. 0a%ia,l&. as+&'ts !" s!'ial li"& t! u*&%i'al "!%*F t(& ,. (+!t(&ti'al. "!'us "!% qualitati0& %&s&a%'(&%s is '. (+!t(&sis. a. +&%s!alit. $. $&$u'ti0& +%&su++!siti!. ,. su,&'ti0it. -s2&% C +a#& 8:) '. %i'( $&tail. 3@.- (+!t(&sis is usuall us&$ i 2(i'( i$ $. !,&'ti0& *&ai#. !" stu$ a. quatitati0& -s2&% C +a#& 8) ,. qualitati0& C!'&+tual '. !,s&%0at!% $. a'ti0& it&%0i&2i# Eas M!$ul& .1 CONNECTING THEORY -ND -s2&% - +a#& 8:) RESE-RCH 31.I" !u 2at t! stu$ t(& "&atu%&s !" t(& li0&s !" +&!+l& 2(! %&t !ut t(&i% ,as&*&ts t! =.R&s&a%'(&%s 2(! us& $&$u'ti0& l!#i' *!0& stu$&tsF 2(at 2!ul$ ,& a &9a*+l& !" a "%!* t! . i$&+&$&t 0a%ia,l& a. $ata t(&!% a. la$l!%$s !" ,as&*&t a+a%t*&ts ,. t(&!% $ata ,. s!'ial 'lass '. qualitati0& quatitati0& '. ui0&%sit stu$&ts $. quatitati0& qualitati0& $. !u% (+!t(&sis -s2&% B +a#& 8)
-s2&% B +a#& 8:) 3.- stu$ t(at &9a*i&$ t(& %&lati!s(i+ ,&t2&& t(& u*,&% !" (!u%s a stu$&t
stu$i&s a$ #%a$& ! t(& &9a* a*a5i#l "!u$ t(at t(!s& 2(! stu$i&$ *!%& $i$ ,&tt&% ! t(& t&st. I t(is &9a*+l&F 2(at is t(& $&+&$&t 0a%ia,l& a. #%a$&s ! t(& &9a* ,. u*,&% !" (!u%s stu$i&$ '. stu$&ts $. sl&&+i# -s2&% - +a#& 8:) 33.T(& t+& !" 0a%ia,l& t(at *a ,& 0a%i&$ !% *ai+ulat&$ , %&s&a%'(&%s is aa 0a%ia,l&. a. "l!ati# ,. st%u'tu%al '. $&+&$&t $. i$&+&$&t -s2&% D +a#& 8:) 38.- $&s'%i+ti! !" (!2 a +a%ti'ula% 0a%ia,l&F su'( as #&$&% &qualitF is *&asu%&$ "!% +u%+!s&s !" a #i0& %&s&a%'( stu$ is !2 as aa $&"iiti!. a. '!'&+tual ,. !+ti*al '. !+&%ati!al $. !+&%ati#
3=.R&s&a%'( *&t(!$s s(!ul$ al2as ,& u$&%st!!$ i %&lati! t! a. t(&!%&ti'al !%i&tati!. ,. !%*ati0& st%u'tu%&s. '. ,ias. $. s!'ial +!li'. -s2&% - +a#& 8?) 3>.Su%0&s a%& 2&ll suit&$ t! asi# a,!ut +&!+l& t(iF ,ut !t as (&l+"ul i as2&%i# +&!+l& t(i t(& 2a t(& $!. a. 2( 2(at ,. 2(at 2( '. t(& t%ut( !" 2(at t(& %&as!s "!% 2( $. 2(&t(&% !% !t (!2 !"t& -s2&% B +a#& 8?) C!'&+tual M!$&%at& M!$ul& .3 RESE-RCH METHODS IN DET-IL 3?.A(at is t(& C&sus !" P!+ulati! +&%"!%*&$ , Statisti's Caa$a a &9a*+l& !" a. s&l"a$*iist&%&$ qu&sti!ai%& ,. t&l&+(!& su%0& '. i+&%s! su%0& $. it&%0i&2
-s2&% C +a#& 8:) 3:.T(& i$s !" %&s&a%'( qu&sti!s t(at !u as -s2&% - +a#& 8?) 2ill $&+&$ ! 8@.H!2 !"t& is t(& C&sus !" P!+ulati! a. t(& %&s&a%'( t!+i'. '!**!l !2 as t(& C&sus) ,. !u% l&0&l !" &$u'ati!. a$*iist&%&$ , Statisti's Caa$a '. t(& t(&!%&ti'al +&%s+&'ti0& !u a%& a. &0&% &a% 2!%i# "%!*. ,. &0&% &a%s $. t(& (+!t(&sis. '. &0&% : &a%s $. &0&% 1@ &a%s -s2&% C +a#& 8<) 3<.T(&%& a%& "!u% $i""&%&t 2as t! '!ll&'t $ata. -s2&% C +a#& 8?) A(i'( !" t(& "!ll!2i# is !t !& !" t(&* 81.A(at t+& !" it&%0i&2 $! quatitati0& a. Di%&'t !,s&%0ati! stu$i&s t+i'all us& ,. It&%0i&2i# t(& su,&'ts a. ust%u'tu%&$ '. R&0i&2i# s&'!$a% s!u%'&s su'( as ,. s&*ist%u'tu%&$ '!u%t $!'u*&ts '. st%u'tu%&$ $. -ll a%& *&t(!$s !" $ata '!ll&'ti! t(at $. Quatitati0& stu$i&s $! !t us& s!'i!l!#ists 2!ul$ us& it&%0i&2s. -s2&% C +a#& 8>)
-s2&% C +a#& :@)
8. it&%0i&2s a%& *!%& !+&&$&$ t(a it&%0i&2s. a. St%u'tu%&$ ust%u'tu%&$ ,. S&*ist%u'tu%&$ ust%u'tu%&$ '. S&*ist%u'tu%&$ st%u'tu%&$ $. St%u'tu%&$ s&*ist%u'tu%&$ -s2&% C +a#& :@) 83.A(i'( !" t(& "!ll!2i# $!&s +a%ti'i+at !,s&%0ati! i0!l0& a. t(& $&0&l!+*&t !" a (+!t(&sis ,. '!$u'ti# s&*ist%u'tu%&$ it&%0i&2s 2it( %&s&a%'( su,&'ts '. '!0&%t !% s&*i'!0&%t %&s&a%'( $. s&'!$a% aalsis
8=.A(i'( !" t(& "!ll!2i# is !t a &9a*+l& !" s!*&t(i# !u 2!ul$ aal5& i s&'!$a% aalsis a. &2s+a+&% a%ti'l&s ,. t(& %&sults !" !u% qu&sti!ai%& '. l&#islati! $. '!t&t "%!* *a#a5i&s -s2&% B +a#& :) 8>.A(at t2! a++%!a'(&s $!&s +a%ti'i+at!% a'ti! %&s&a%'( ,%i# t!#&t(&% a. a'ti! %&s&a%'( a$ +a%ti'i+at!% %&s&a%'( ,. +a%ti'i+at!% !,s&%0ati! %&s&a%'( a$ it&%0i&2s '. +a%ti'i+at!% !,s&%0ati! a$ s&'!$a% aalsis $. *i9&$ *&t(!$s a$ s&'!$a% aalsis
-s2&% C +a#& :1) 88.Ait( t(is t+& !" %&s&a%'( *&t(!$F a %&s&a%'(&% *a as a s&%i&s !" qu&sti!s t(at -s2&% - +a#& :3) a%& st%u'tu%&$F s&*ist%u'tu%&$F !% 8?.-t l&ast (!2 *a %&s&a%'( *&t(!$s a%& ust%u'tu%&$. &*+l!&$ i a *i9&$ *&t(!$ a++%!a'( a. qualitati0& su%0& a. t2! ,. l!#itu$ial su%0& ,. t(%&& '. it&%0i&2 '. "!u% $. qu&sti!ai%& $. "i0& -s2&% C +a#& :@) 8:.A(i'( t+& !" %&s&a%'( a++%!a'( sta$s !utsi$& !" +!2&% %&lati!s a. qualitati0& ,. i$&+t( it&%0i&2s '. *ail su%0&s $. N! %&s&a%'( *&t(!$ is !utsi$& !" +!2&%. -s2&% D +a#& :@) 8<.A(& H&ll&i&% ,!u#(t a t%ail&%F s&ttl&$ it! a T%a0&ll&% 4'a*+F6 a$ !,s&%0&$ 'a*+ li"& "!% i& *!t(sF s(& 2as &#a#i# i 2(i'( t+& !" s!'ial %&s&a%'( a. +a%ti'i+at !,s&%0ati! ,. s&'!$a% aalsis '. +a%ti'i+at!% a'ti! %&s&a%'( $. *i9&$ *&t(!$s
-s2&% - +a#& :8) :@.A(& a #i0& *&asu%&*&t is sai$ t! ,& a''u%at&l *&asu%i# t(& '!'&+t t(at t(& %&s&a%'( 'lai*s is ,&i# *&asu%&$F t(& t(& stu$ is a. %&lia,l&. ,. 0&%i"ia,l&. '. 0ali$. $. t%u&. -s2&% C +a#& ::) :1.H!2 $!&s Statisti's Caa$a #a%&% its ! '&sus $ata a. t(%!u#( a sa*+l& ,. su%0&i# t(& &ti%& +!+ulati! '. !%a$!* sa*+l& $. +a%ti'i+at !,s&%0ati! -s2&% - +a#& :<)
-s2&% - +a#& :1)
:.- is a su,s&t !" a . a. sa*+l& +!+ulati! ,. ,. +!+ulati! sa*+l& '. '. su%0& sa*+l& $. $. sa*+l& su%0& -s2&% - +a#& :<) :3.T(& ass&%ti! t(at i'& '%&a* sal&s 'aus& s&9ual assaults ,&'aus& t(& $ata i$i'at&s t(at 2(& i'& '%&a* sal&s a%& at t(&i% (i#(&st saF "%!* Ju& t! -u#ust)F s&9ual assault "i#u%&s #! u+ &9&*+li"i&s a. $&$u'ti0& %&as!i#. ,. $u,i!us (+!t(&sis. '. 'ausal &9+laati!. $. s+u%i!us '!%%&lati!. -s2&% D +a#& :=) :8.%&"&%s t! a %&lati!s(i+ ,&t2&& t2! 0a%ia,l&sF 2(&%&as %&"&%s t! a situati! i 2(i'( a '!%%&lati! is "als&. a. C!%%&lati! s+u%i!us&ss ,. S+u%i!us&ss '!%%&lati! '. Causati! s+u%i!us&ss $. Causati! '!%%&lati! -s2&% - +a#& :=) ::.T(& %&lati!s(i+ ,&t2&& s*!i# a$ 'a'&% 'a ,&st ,& $&s'%i,&$ as a. '!%%&lati!. ,. 'ausal. '. s+u%i!us '!%%&lati!. $. %&lia,l&. -s2&% B +a#& :=) :<.A(at $!&s t(& a'%!* REB sta$ "!% a. R&s&a%'( a$ E$u'ati! B!a%$ ,. R&s&a%'( Et(i's B!a%$ '. R&as! a$ E$u'ati! B!a%$ $. R&as! a$ Et(i's B!a%$ -s2&% B +a#& :=) :=.Et(i'al #ui$&li&s ai* t! &su%& a ,ala'& i %&s&a%'( ,&t2&& a. i"!%*&$ '!s&t a$ '!0&%t %&s&a%'(. ,. &li*iati# s&9is* i %&s&a%'( a$ t(& i$&+&$&'& !" %&s&a%'(&%s.
'. %iss a$ ,&&"its. $. "u$i# a$ t(& i$&+&$&'& !" %&s&a%'(&%s. -s2&% C +a#& :=) :>.O 2(at ,asis 2as Hu*+(%&s stu$ !" 4T&a%!!* T%a$&6 '%iti'i5&$ as u&t(i'al a. "ailu%& t! +%!t&'t t(& +%i0a' !" %&s+!$&ts a$ $is'l!s& !&s&l" as %&s&a%'(&% ,. $!2+lai# +!t&tial (a%* !" +a%ti'i+ati! i iitial '!sultati!s 2it( %&s+!$&ts '. +%&s&'& !" s&9is* $. "ailu%& t! +%!t&'t a!*it !" %&s+!$&ts u+! +u,lis(i# %&sults !" stu$ -s2&% - +a#& :?) :?.A( 2as Lau$ Hu*+(%&s 4T&a%!!* T%a$&6 $!'t!%al $iss&%tati! u&t(i'al a. Pa%ti'i+ats 2&%& s(!'&$. ,. Pa%ti'i+ats 2&%& $&i&$ "!!$. '. Pa%ti'i+ats 2&%& $&i&$ sl&&+. $. Pa%ti'i+ats +%i0a' 2as i0a$&$. -s2&% D +a#& :?) <@.Et(i'al %&s&a%'( i0!l0&s i"!%*i# +a%ti'i+ats a,!ut all !" t(& "!ll!2i# &9'&+t a. t(&i% !,li#ati!s. ,. 2(at %iss !% (a%* t(& *i#(t "a'&. '. 2(at ,&&"its t(& *i#(t %&ali5&. $. t(at t(& ,&&"its !" t(& %&s&a%'( t! s!'i&t !ut2&i#( t(& %iss t! t(& +a%ti'i+at. -s2&% D +a#& :?) <1.H!2 *a *ai t+&s !" su%0&s a%& t(&%& a. O& ,. T(%&& '. ;i0& $. N!& !" t(& a,!0& -s2&% B +a#& <@) <.- %&s&a%'(&% "%!* t(is t(&!%&ti'al +&%s+&'ti0& 2!ul$ ,& it&%&st&$ i it&%a'ti! +att&%s 2it(i "a*ili&s. a. ;u'ti!alist
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C!"li't t(&!%ist S*,!li' it&%a'ti!ist ;&*iist t(&!%ist
1. I qualitati0& stu$i&sF t(& %&s&a%'(&%s t(&*s&l0&s a%&F i &""&'tF t(& %&s&a%'( ist%u*&ts.
-s2&% C +a#& <1)
-s2&% T%u& +a#& 8)
True and False Questions
1. I$u'ti0& l!#i' is a sst&* !" %&as!i# t(at *!0&s "%!* $ata t! t(& "!%*ati! !" a t(&!%.
1. - s!'i!l!#ists t(&!%&ti'al !%i&tati! 2ill !t i"lu&'& t(& t+& !" %&s&a%'( qu&sti!s as&$ a$ (!2 t(& a%& as&$. -s2&% ;als& +a#& 8@) ;a'tual Eas M!$ul& .1 CONNECTING THEORY -ND RESE-RCH 1. S!'i!l!#i'al %&s&a%'(&%s +u%su& t(& sa*& !ut'!*& a att&*+t t! '%&at& !2l&$#& t(%!u#( a +%!'&ss !" $is'!0&%. -s2&% T%u& +a#& 8@) 1. S*,!li' it&%a'ti!ists 2!ul$ as %&s&a%'( qu&sti!s t(at %&lat& t! +&!+l&s "a'&t!"a'& &'!ut&%s a$ t(& *&ai#s t(at t(& us& t! "a'ilitat& s!'ial li"&. -s2&% T%u& +a#& 8@) 1. Qualitati0& %&s&a%'( i0!l0&s '!0&%ti# as+&'ts !" s!'ial li"& it! u*,&%s a$ $&t&%*ii# 2(&t(&% a si#i"i'at %&lati!s(i+ &9ists. -s2&% ;als& +a#&s 818) 1. Quatitati0& %&s&a%'( is *!%& 0alua,l& t(a qualitati0& %&s&a%'(.
-s2&% T%u& +a#& 8) 1. S!'ial %&s&a%'(&%s usi# i$u'ti0& l!#i' *!0& "lui$l ,&t2&& t(&!% a$ $ata. -s2&% ;als& +a#& 8) 1. S!'i!l!#i'al %&s&a%'( is sst&*ati' a$ ,as&$ u+! s+&'i"i' +%i'i+l&s a$ *&t(!$s. -s2&% T%u& +a#& 88) 1. T(& Caa$ia C&sus is a$*iist&%&$ &0&% &a% , Statisti's Caa$a. -s2&% ;als& +a#& 8?) ;a'tual Eas M!$ul& .3 RESE-RCH METHODS IN DET-IL 1. Pa%ti'i+at !,s&%0ati! is a qualitati0& *&t(!$ t(at us&s +%!'&ss&s !" $&$u'ti! %at(&% t(a i$u'ti!. -s2&% ;als& +a#& :1) 1. B&'aus& Jua& '!sist&tl #&ts t(& sa*& %&sults i (&% *&asu%&*&t "!% #&$&% &qualitF 2& 'a sa t(at (&% %&s&a%'( is 0ali$.
-s2&% ;als& +a#& 81) 1. -ll s!'i!l!#i'al %&s&a%'(&%s us& a '!*,iati! !" qualitati0& a$ quatitati0& a++%!a'(&s.
-s2&% ;als& +a#& ::) 1. Vali$it %&"&%s t! t(& '!sist&' !" a #i0& %&sult.
-s2&% ;als& +a#& 81)
-s2&% ;als& +a#& ::) ;a'tual
Eas M!$ul& .8 EV-LU-TING RESE-RCH DEVELOPING - CRITIC-L EYE
%&lati!s(i+ &9ists ,&t2&& t(&*. T(& t(& t% t! $%a2 '!'lusi!s ! t(is ,asis +a#& 81).
1. - sa*+l& is $%a2 "%!* t(& %&s&a%'( +!+ulati!.
. A!ul$ a qualitati0& !% quatitati0& %&s&a%'( a++%!a'( ,&st suit t(& %&s&a%'( +%!,l&* !" (!2 t&9t *&ssa#i# (as '(a#&$ t(& atu%& !" '!**ui'ati! E9+lai !u% as2&%.
-s2&% T%u& +a#& :<) 1. S+u%i!us '!%%&lati! is a %&lati!s(i+ i 2(i'( !& 0a%ia,l& 'aus&s a '(a#& i a!t(&% 0a%ia,l&.
-s2&% Stu$&ts 'a '(!!s& &it(&% a++%!a'(F ,ut *ust &9+lai t(&i% as2&% +a#&s 818). 3. D&"i& ,!t( i$u'ti0& a$ $&$u'ti0& l!#i'.
-s2&% ;als& +a#& :=) 1. -ll %&s&a%'( at Caa$ia ui0&%siti&s a$ '!ll&#&s is su,&'t t! t(& T%iC!u'il P!li' ! Et(i's I0!l0i# Hu*a Su,&'ts.
-s2&% I$u'ti0& l!#i' is a sst&* !" %&as!i# t(at *!0&s "%!* $ata t! t(& "!%*ati! !" a t(&!%. D&$u'ti0& l!#i' is a sst&* !" %&as!i# t(at *!0&s "%!* t(&!% t! -s2&% T%u& +a#& :=) t(& "!%*ulati! !" (+!t(&s&s "!% t&sti# +a#& 1. Hu*+(%&s 4T&a%!!* T%a$&6 2as t(& 8). +%i*a% i*+&tus t(at #&&%at&$ t(& ,&li&" i 8. A(at #&&%al sst&* !" %&as!i# 2as us&$ t(& &&$ t! &sta,lis( 'l&a% '%it&%ia "!% &t(i'al i Paul Aillis 1?==) 'lassi' stu$ !" %&s&a%'( i Caa$a. 2!%i#'lass 2(it& *al&s B%i&"l $&s'%i,&. -s2&% ;als& +a#& :>) 1. R&s&a%'( ta%#&t&$ t!2a%$ '(a#& is 'all&$ -s2&% D&$u'ti0& %&as!i#. T(%!u#( (is a++li&$ %&s&a%'(. !,s&%0ati!sF Aillis 2as a,l& t! t(&!%i5& t(at *!st !" t(& ,!s '!ut&%'ultu%& a'ti0iti&s -s2&% T%u& +a#& :?) %&sult&$ i t(& %&+%!$u'ti! !" 'ultu%& +a#& 1. C%iti'al aalsis is & 2(& &0aluati# 8). %&s&a%'(. -++li&$ M!$&%at& -s2&% T%u& +a#& <@) M!$ul& .1 CONNECTING THEORY -ND ;a'tual RESE-RCH Eas M!$ul& .8 EV-LU-TING RESE-RCH DEVELOPING - CRITIC-L EYE
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Research Methodology Page 1 UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT SCHOOL OF ISTANCE EUCATION
a%& a$0a'&$ t! &9+lai a$ +%&$i't +(&!*&a6 is a) ;a'ts ,) Valu&s ') T(&!% $) G&&%ali5ati! BA POLITICAL SCIENCE 1. 4 - sst&* !" sst&*ati'all it&%%&lat&$ '!'&+tsF $&"iiti!s a$ +%!+!siti!s t(at !"#$$ Ad%ission Onwards& a%& a$0a'&$ t! &9+lai a$ P%&$i't V Se%ester Core Course +(&!*&a6 $&"i&$ , a) Ja' Gi,,s ,) PV Y!u# ') Bla' $) R!s& RESEARCH METHODOLOGY QUESTION 'AN( -%!l$ 1. A(! aut(!%&$ t(& ,!! 4*&t(!$s i S!'ial 13. T(&!% is 4 a s&t !" sst&*ati'all %&lat&$ R&s&a%'(6 +%!+!siti!s s+&'i"i# 'asual %&lati!s(i+ a) Ailis! ,) CR 7!t(a%i ') 7&%li#&% $) a*!# 0a%ia,l&s6 is $&"i&$ , G!!$& a$ Halt a) Bla' Ja*&s a$ C(a*+i! ,) P.V. Y!u# . 4R&s&a%'( is a !%#ai5&$ a$ sst&*ati' ') E*!% $) Gi,,&s &qui%6 D&"i&$ , 18. 4E*+i%i'all 0&%i"ia,l& !,s&%0ati!6 is a) Ma%s(all ,) P.V. Y!u# ') E*!% $) a) T(&!% ,) Valu& ') ;a't $) Stat&*&t 7&%li#&% 1:. ;a't is 4&*+i%i'all 0&%i"ia,l& !,s&%0ati!6 3. R&s&a%'( is a 4S'i&ti"i' u$&%tai#6 is $&"i&$ , !+i&$ , a) G!!$ a$ Hatt ,) E*!% ') P.V. Y!u# $) a) Y!u# ,) 7&%li#&% ') 7!t(a%i $) E*!% Cla0&% 8. 4- sst&*ati' st&+,st&+ P%!'&$u%& 1<. .. is 4sst&*ati'all '!'&+tual "!ll!2i# l!#i'al +%!'&ss !" %&as!i#6 'all&$ st%u'tu%& !" it&% %&lat&$ &l&*&ts i s!*& a) E9+&%i*&t ,) O,s&%0ati! ') D&$u'ti! $) s'(&*ati' "!%*6 S'i&ti"i' *&t(!$ a) C!'&+t ,) Va%ia,l& ') M!$&l $) ;a'ts :. Et(i'al N&ut%alit is a "&atu%& !" 1=. S!'ial S'i&'& $&als 2it( .. a) D&$u'ti! ,) S'i&ti"i' *&t(!$ ') a) O,&'ts ,) Hu*a ,&i#s ') Li0i# t(i#s $) O,s&%0ati! $) &9+&%i&'& N! li0i# t(i#s <. S'i&ti"i' *&t(!$ is '!**itt&$ t! 1>. S'i&'& is ,%!a$l $i0i$&$ it! . . a) O,&'ti0it ,) Et(i's ') P%!+!siti! $) a) Natu%al a$ S!'ial ,) Natu%al a$ P(si'al N&ut%alit ') P(si'al a$ M&tal $) S!'ial a$ P(si'al =. 4O& !" t(& *&t(!$s !" l!#i'al %&as!i# 1?. S!'ial S'i&'& t% t! &9+lai . +%!'&ss6 is 'all&$ B&t2&& (u*a a'ti0iti&s a$ atu%al la2s a) I$u'ti! ,) D&$u'ti! ') R&s&a%'( $) #!0&%i# t(&* E9+&%i*&t a) Causal C!&'ti! ,) %&as! School of Distance Education ') It&%a'ti! $) O,&'ti0&s Research Methodology Page 2 School of Distance Education >. - &ss&tial C%it&%i! !" S'i&ti"i' stu$ is Research Methodology Page 3 a) B&li&" ,) Valu& ') O,&'ti0it $) Su,&'ti0it @. S!'ial S'i&'& R&s&a%'( . ?. 4R&as!i# "%!* #&&%al t! +a%ti'ula% 4is P%!,l&*s 'all&$ a) E9+lai ,) $ia#!sis ') R&'!**&$ $) a) I$u'ti! ,) $&$u'ti! ') O,s&%0ati! $) ;!%*ulat& &9+&%i&'& 1. S!'ial %&s&a%'( ai*s at . 1@. 4D&$u'ti! a$ i$u'ti! a%& a +a%t !" a) It&#%ati! ,) S!'ial Ha%*! sst&* !" %&as!i#6 stat&$ , ') Nati!al It&#%ati! $) S!'ial Equalit a) Ca%!li& ,) P.V.Y!u# ') D&2& J!( $) . T(& *&t(!$ , 2(i'( a sa*+l& is '(!s& E*!% a) Uit ,) $&si# ') Ra$!* $) C&sus 11. 4 - sst&* !" sst&*ati'all it&%%&lat&$ 3. Basi# '!'lusi!s 2it(!ut a ,ias a$ '!'&+ts $&"iiti!s a$ +%!+!siti!s t(at 0alu& u$#*&t is a) O,&'ti0it ,) S+&'i"i'it ') Valu&s $) ;a'ts
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School of Distance Education Research Methodology Page 17
ANSWER KEY
R&s&%0&$ 1 D < B :1 C =< D 1@1 D 1< C 1:1 C 1=< C = C : D == C 1@ B 1= D 1: B 1== B 3 - > D :3 C => C 1@3 C 1> - 1:3 - 1=> B 8 D ? D :8 - =? D 1@8 - 1? C 1:8 B 1=? : B 3@ B :: B >@ D 1@: - 13@ D 1:: D 1>@ C < - 31 B :< D >1 C 1@< - 131 - 1:< B 1>1 B = - 3 - := D > B 1@= B 13 - 1:= C 1> > C 33 C :> B >3 C 1@> B 133 B 1:> D 1>3 C ? B 38 D :? B >8 C 1@? C 138 C 1:? B 1>8 1@ B 3: - <@ C >: C 11@ B 13: B 1<@ C 1>: 11 C 3< C <1 B >< B 111 C 13< C 1<1 - 1>< C 1 B 3= - < - >= C 11 B 13= - 1< B 1>= B 13 - 3> C <3 D >> D 113 B 13> C 1<3 B 1>> B 18 C 3? D <8 B >? B 118 - 13? D 1<8 C 1>? 1: - 8@ - <: C ?@ D 11: B 18@ D 1<: B 1?@ D 1< C 81 B << - ?1 D 11< C 181 D 1<< B 1?1 C 1= B 8 D <= D ? B 11= D 18 B 1<= B 1? C 1> - 83 B <> - ?3 - 11> C 183 C 1<> C 1?3 B 1? - 88 - D =3 C ?> B 13 - 18> D 1=3 B 1?> B 8 B 8? C =8 B ?? C 18 C 18? D 1=8 D 1?? B : - :@ - =: - 1@@ C 1: - 1:@ - 1=: D @@ -
