Relevant Laws and Cases (Re: Mayor’s Authority without Court Order)
CHAPTER 3 - OFFICIALS AND OFFICES COMMON TO ALL MUNICIPALITI MUNICIPALITIES ES Article One. - The Municipal Ma!r SECTION """. The Chie# E$ecuti%e& P!'er() Dutie() Functi!n( an* C!+pen(ati!n. - ,a The +unicipal +a!r) a( the chie# e$ecuti%e !# the +unicipal !%ern+ent) (hall e$erci(e (uch p!'er( an* per#!r+ (uch *utie( an* #uncti!n( a( pr!%i*e* p r!%i*e* / thi( C!*e an* !ther la'(. ,/ F!r e##icient) e##ecti%e an* ec!n!+ical !%ernance the purp!(e !# 'hich i( the eneral 'el#are !# the +unicipalit an* it( inha/itant( pur(uant t! (ecti!n 01 !# thi( C!*e) the +unicipal +a!r (hall& ,3 Initiate an* +a$i+i2e the enerati!n !# re(!urce( an* re%enue() an* appl the (a+e t! the i+ple+entati!n !# *e%el!p+ent plan() pr!ra+ !/ecti%e( an* pri!ritie( a( pr!%i*e* #!r un*er Secti!n 04 !# thi( C!*e)particularl th!(e re(!urce( an* re%enue( pr!ra++e* #!r ar!in*u(trial *e%el!p+ent an* c!untr-'i*e r!'th an* p r!re(() an* relati%e theret!) (hall& ,%i Re5uire !'ner( !# illeall c!n(tructe* h!u(e() /uil*in( !r !ther (tructure( t! !/tain the nece((ar per+it) (u/ect t! (uch #ine( an* pen altie( a( +a /e i+p!(e* / la' !r !r*inance) !r t! +a6e nece((ar chane( in the c!n(tructi!n !# the (a+e 'hen (ai* c!n(tructi!n %i!late( an la' !r !r*inance) !r t! !r*er the *e+!liti!n !r re+!%al !# (ai* h!u(e) /uil*in !r (tructure 'ithin the peri!* pre(cri/e* / la' !r !r*inance7
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Sec. 84. E%icti!n an* De+!liti!n. 9 E%icti!n !r *e+!liti!n a( a practice (hall /e *i(c!urae*. E%icti!n !r *e+!liti!n) h!'e%er) +a /e all!'e* un*er the #!ll!'in (ituati!n(& ,a :hen per(!n( !r entitie( !ccup *aner area( (uch a( e(ter!() railr!a* trac6() ar/ae *u+p() ri%er/an6() (h!reline() 'ater'a() an* !ther pu/lic place( (uch a( (i*e'al6() r!a*() par6() an* plar!un*(7 ,/ :hen !%ern+ent in#ra(tructure in#ra(tructure pr!ect( 'ith a%aila/le #un*in are a/!ut t! /e i+ple+ente*7 !r ,c :hen there i( a c!urt !r*er #!r e%icti!n an* *e+!liti!n. In the e$ecuti!n !# e%icti!n !r *e+!liti!n !r*er( in%!l%in un*erpri%ilee* an* h!+ele(( citi2en() the #!ll!'in (hall /e +an*at!r& ,0 N!tice up!n the e##ecte* per(!n( !r entitie( at lea(t thirt ,3; *a( pri!r t! the *ate !# e%icti!n !r ! r *e+!liti!n7 ,8 A*e5uate A*e5uate c!n(ultati!n( !n the +atter !# (ettle+ent 'ith the *ul *e(inate* repre(entati%e( !# the #a+ilie( t! /e re(ettle* an* the a##ecte* c!++unitie( in the area( 'here the are t! /e rel!cate*7 ,3 Pre(ence !# l!cal !%ern+ent !%ern+ent !##icial( !r their repre(entati%e( *urin e%icti!n !r *e+!liti!n7 ," Pr!per i*enti#icati!n !# all per(!n( ta6in part in the *e+!liti!n7 ,< E$ecuti!n !# e%icti!n !r * e+!liti!n !nl *urin reular !##ice h!ur( #r!+ M!n*a( t! Fri*a( an* *urin !!* 'eather) unle(( the a##ecte* #a+ilie( c!n(ent !ther'i(e7 ,1 N! u(e !# hea% e5uip+ent #!r *e+!liti!n e$cept #!r (tructure( that are per+anent an* !#
c!ncrete +aterial(7 ,= Pr!per uni#!r+( #!r +e+/er( !# the Philippine Nati!nal P!lice 'h! (hall !ccup the #ir(t line !# la' en#!rce+ent an* !/(er%e pr!per *i(tur/ance c!ntr!l pr!ce*ure(7 an* ,4 A*e5uate rel!cati!n) 'hether te+p!rar !r per+anent& Pr!%i*e*) h!'e%er) That in ca(e( !# e%icti!n an* *e+!liti!n pur(uant t! a c!urt !r*er in%!l%in un*erpri%ilee* an* h!+ele(( citi2en() rel!cati!n (hall /e un*erta6en / the l!cal !%ern+ent unit c!ncerne* an* the Nati!nal H!u(in Auth!rit 'ith the a((i(tance !# !ther !%ern+ent aen cie( 'ithin #!rt-#i%e ,"< *a( #r!+ (er%ice !# n!tice !# #inal u*+ent / the c!urt) a#ter 'hich peri!* the (ai* !r*er (hall /e e$ecute*& Pr!%i*e*) #urther) That (h!ul* rel!cati!n n!t /e p!((i/le 'ithin the (ai* peri!*) #inancial a((i(tance in the a+!unt e5ui%alent t! the pre%ailin +ini+u+ *ail 'ae +ultiplie* / (i$t ,1; *a( (hall /e e$ten*e* t! the a##ecte* #a+ilie( / the l!cal !%ern+ent unit c!ncerne*. Thi( Depart+ent !# the Interi!r an* L!cal >!%ern+ent an* the H!u(in an* Ur/an De%el!p+ent C!!r*inatin C!uncil (hall !intl pr!+ulate the nece((ar rule( a n* reulati!n( t! carr !ut the a/!%e pr!%i(i!n.
Sec. 8?. Re(ettle+ent. 9 :ithin t'! ,8 ear( #r!+ the e##ecti%it !# thi( Act) the l!cal !%ern+ent unit() in c!!r*inati!n 'ith the Nati!nal H!u(in Auth!rit) (hall i+ple+ent the rel!cati!n an* re(ettle+ent !# per(!n( li%in in *aner area( (uch a( e(ter!() railr!a* trac6() ar/ae *u+p() ri%er/an6() (h!reline() 'ater'a() an* in !ther pu/lic place( a( (i*e'al6() r!a*() par6() an* plar!un*(. The l!cal ! %ern+ent unit) in c!!r*inati!n 'ith the Nati!nal H!u(in Auth!rit) (hall pr!%i*e rel!cati!n !r re(ettle+ent (ite( 'ith /a(ic (er%ice( an* #acilitie( an* acce(( t! e+pl!+ent an* li%elih!!* !pp!rtunitie( (u##icient t! +eet the /a(ic nee*( !# the a##ecte* #a+ilie(.
Sec. 3;. Pr!hi/iti!n Aain(t Ne' Illeal Structure(. 9 It (hall /e unla'#ul #!r an per(!n t! c!n(truct an (tructure in area( +enti!ne* in the prece*in (ecti!n. A#ter the e##ecti%it !# thi( Act) the /arana) +unicipal !r cit !%ern+ent unit( (hall pre%ent the c!n(tructi!n !# an 6in* !# illeal *'ellin unit( !# (tructure( 'ithin their re(pecti%e l!calitie(. The hea* !# an l!cal !%ern+ent unit c!ncerne* 'h! all!'() a/et( !r !ther'i(e t!lerate( the c!n(tructi!n !# an (tructure in %i!lati!n !# thi( (ecti!n (hall /e lia/le t! a*+ini(trati%e (ancti!n( un*er e$i(tin la'( an* t! penal (ancti!n( pr!%i*e* #!r in thi( Act.
CASES: City Engineer of Baguio and on! Mauri"io #o$ogan vs! Rolando Bani%ued& '!R! o! *+,-+& ove$.er ,/& ,++0!
Un*er e$i(tin la'() the !##ice !# the +a!r i( i%en p!'er( n!t !nl relati%e t! it( #uncti!n a( the e$ecuti%e !##icial !# the t!'n. It ha( al(! /een en*!'e* 'ith auth!rit t! hear i((ue( in%!l%in pr!pert riht( !# in*i%i*ual( an* t! c!+e !ut 'ith an e##ecti%e !r*er !r re(!luti!n there!n. In thi( +anner) it e$erci(e( 5ua(i-u*icial #uncti!n(. Thi(
p!'er i( !/%i!u(l a trui(+ in the +atter !# i((uin *e+!liti!n n!tice( an*@!r !r*er( aain(t (5uatter( an* illeal !ccupant( thr!uh (!+e !# it( aencie( !r auth!ri2e* c!++ittee( 'ithin it( re(pecti%e +unicipalitie( !r citie(. There i( n! ain(ain that a cit +a!r i( an e$ecuti%e !##icial n!r i( the +atter !# i((uin *e+!liti!n n!tice( !r !r*er( n!t a +ini(terial !ne. ut then) it cann!t /e *enie* a( 'ell that in *eter+inin 'hether !r n!t a (tructure i( illeal !r it (h!ul* /e *e+!li(he*) pr!pert riht( are in%!l%e* there/ nee*in n!tice( an* !pp!rtunit t! /e hear* a( pr!%i*e* #!r in the c!n(tituti!nall uarantee* riht !# *ue pr!ce((. In pur(uit !# the(e #uncti!n() the cit +a!r ha( t! e$erci(e 5ua(i-u*icial p!'er(. Moreno& in hi( 1hili22ine Law #i"tionary& 3 rd Edition& *e#ine( 5ua(i-u*icial #uncti!n a( applin t! the acti!n *i(creti!n) etc. !# pu/lic a*+ini(trati%e !##icer( !r /!*ie() 'h! are re5uire* t! in%e(tiate #act( !r a(certain the e$i(tence !# #act() h!l* hearin() an* *ra' c!nclu(i!n( #r!+ the+) a( a /a(i( #!r their !##icial acti!n) an* t! e$erci(e *i(creti!n !# a u*icial nature , Midland Insurance Corp. v. Intermediate Appellate Court & 43 SCRA 4*0 560/7)! Sini#icantl) the N!tice !# De+!liti!n in i((ue 'a( the re(ult !# the e$erci(e !# 5ua(i-u*icial p!'er / the O##ice !# the Ma!r.
E8tra9udi"ial A.ate$ent of uisan"e
Cali2li2& et al! vs! 1eo2le& '!R! o! *+64& Mar"h /& ,++-!
Li6e'i(e) the C!urt i( n!t per(ua*e* / petiti!ner( c!ntenti!n that the (u/ect *e+!liti!n i( a %ali* e$erci(e !# p!lice p!'er. The e$erci(e !# p!lice p!'er / the l!cal !%ern+ent i( %ali* unle(( it c!ntra%ene( the #un*a+ental la' !# the lan*) !r an act !# the lei(lature) !r unle(( it i( aain(t pu/lic p!lic) !r i( unrea(!na/le) !ppre((i%e) partial) *i(cri+inatin) !r in *er!ati!n !# a c!++!n riht.B"8 In the pre(ent ca(e) the act( !# petiti!ner ha%e /een e(ta/li(he* a( a %i!lati!n !# la') particularl !# the pr!%i(i!n( !# Secti!n 3,e !# R.A. N!. 3;0?.
Neither can petiti!ner( (ee6 c!%er un*er the eneral 'el#are clau(e auth!ri2in the a/ate+ent !# nui(ance( 'ith!ut u*icial pr!cee*in(. Thi( principle applie( t! nui(ance( per se) !r th!(e 'hich a##ect the i++e*iate (a#et !# per(!n( an* pr!pert an* +a /e (u++aril a/ate* un*er the un*e#ine* la' !# nece((it.B"3 Petiti!ner( clai+ that the pu/lic +ar6et '!ul* p!(e *aner t! the (a#et an* health !# (ch!!lchil*ren i# it 'ere /uilt !n the place /ein c!nte(te*. B""
H!'e%er) petiti!ner( ne%er +a*e 6n!'n their (upp!(e* c!ncern( either t! the >!%ern!r !r t!
the CE. In(tea*) the t!!6 the la' int! their !'n han*( an* precipitatel *e+!li(he* the
(u/ect (tructure( that 'ere /uilt 'ith!ut the /ene#it !# an hearin !r c!n(ultati!n 'ith the pr!per auth!rit) 'hich in thi( ca(e i( the CE.
A%uino vs! Muni"i2ality of Malay& Alan& '!R! o! ,3*/& Se2te$.er ,6& ,+4!
a. The h!tel( cla((i#icati!n a( a nui(ance Article 1?" !# the Ci%il C!*e *e#ine( nui(ance a( an act) !+i((i!n) e(ta/li(h+ent) /u(ine(() c!n*iti!n !r pr!pert) !r anthin el(e that ,0 inure( !r en*aner( the health !r (a#et !# !ther(7 ,8 ann!( !r !##en*( the (en(e(7 ,3 (h!c6() *e#ie( !r *i(rear*( *ecenc !r +!ralit7 ," !/(truct( !r inter#ere( 'ith the #ree pa((ae !# an pu/lic hih'a !r (treet) !r an /!* !# 'ater7 !r ,< hin*er( !r i+pair( the u(e !# pr!pert.08 In e(ta/li(hin a n! /uil* 2!ne thr!uh l!cal lei(lati!n) the L>U e##ecti%el +a*e a *eter+inati!n that c!n(tructi!n( therein) 'ith!ut #ir(t (ecurin e$e+pti!n( #r!+ the l!cal c!uncil) 5uali# a( nui(ance( #!r the p!(e a threat t! pu/lic (a#et. N! /uil*2!ne( are inten*e* #!r the pr!tecti!n !# the pu/lic /ecau(e the (ta/ilit !#the r!un*( #!un*ati!n i( a*%er(el a##ecte* / the near/ /!* !# 'ater. The e%er pre(ent threat !# hih ri(in (t!r+ (ure( al(! u(ti#ie( the /an !n per+anent c!n(tructi!n( near the (h!reline. In*ee*) the area( e$p!(ure t! p!tential e!-ha2ar*( cann!t /e in!re* an* a+ple pr!tecti!n t! the re(i*ent( !# Mala) A6lan (h!ul* /e a##!r*e*. Challenin the %ali*it !# the pu/lic re(p!n*ent( actuati!n() petiti!ner p!(it( that the h!tel cann!t (u++aril /e a/ate* /ecau(e it i( n!t a nui(ance per (e) i%en the hun*re* +illi!n pe(!'!rth !# capital in#u(e* in the %enture. Citin A(il!) r. %. Pe!ple)03 petiti!ner al(! arue( that re(p!n*ent( (h!ul* ha%e #ir(t (ecure* a c!urt !r*er /e#!re pr!cee*in 'ith the *e+!liti!n. Preli+inaril) :e aree 'ith petiti!ner( p!(ture that the pr!pert in%!l%e* cann!t /e cla((i#ie* a( a nui(ance per (e) /ut n!t #!r the rea(!n he (! !##er(. Pr!pert %aluati!n) a#ter all) i( n!t the lit+u( te(t #!r (uch a *eter+inati!n. M!re c!ntr!llin i( the pr!pert( nature an* c!n*iti!n() 'hich (h!ul* /e e%aluate* t! (ee i# it 5uali#ie( a( a nui(ance a( *e#ine* un*er the la'. A( uri(pru*ence eluci*ate() nui(ance( are !# t'! 6in*(& nui(anceper (e an* nui(anceper acci*en(. The #ir(t i( rec!ni2e* a( a nui(ance un *er an an* all circu+(tance() /ecau(e it c!n(titute( a *irect +enace t! pu/lic health !r (a#et) an*) #!r that rea(!n) +a /e a/ate* (u++aril un*er the un*e#ine* la' !# nece((it. The (ec!n* i( that'hich *epen*( up!n certain c!n*iti!n( an* circu+(tance() an* it( e$i(tence /ein a 5ue(ti!n !# #act) it cann!t /e a/ate* 'ith!ut *ue hearin there!n in a tri/unal auth!ri2e* t! *eci*e 'hether (uch a thin *!e( in la' c!n(titute a nui(ance.0" In the ca(e at /ar) the h!tel) in it(el#) cann!t /e c!n(i*ere* a( a nui(ance per (e(ince thi( tpe !# nui(ance i( enerall *e#ine* a( an act) !ccupati!n) !r (tructure) 'hich i( a nui(ance at all ti+e(an* un*er an circu+(tance() rear*le(( !# l!cati!n!r (urr!un*in.0< Here) it i( +erel the h!tel( particular inci*entGGit( l!cati!nGGan* n!t it( inherent 5ualitie( that ren*ere* it a nui(ance.
Other'i(e (tate*) ha* it n!t /een c!n(tructe* in the n! /uil* 2!ne) !raca :e(t C!%e c!ul* ha%e (ecure* the nece((ar per+it( 'ith!ut i((ue. A( (uch) petiti!ner i( c!rrect that the h!tel i( n!t a nui(ance per (e) /ut t! Our +in*) it i( (till a nui(ance per acci*en(.
/. Re(p!n*ent +a!r ha( the p!'er t! !r*er the *e+!liti!n !# illeal c!n(tructi!n( >enerall) L>U( ha%e n! p!'er t! *eclare a particular thin a( a nui(ance unle(( (uch a thin i( a nui(ance per (e.01 S! it 'a( hel* in AC Enterpri(e( %. Fra/elle Pr!pertie( C!rp&0= :e aree 'ith petiti!ner( c!ntenti!n that) un*er Secti!n ""=,a,3,i !# R.A. N!. =01; ) !ther'i(e 6n!'n a( the L!cal >!%ern+ent C!*e) the Sanunian Panlun(!* i( e+p!'ere* t! enact !r*inance( *eclarin) pre%entin !r a/atin n!i(e an* !ther #!r+( !# nui(ance. It /ear( (tre((in) h!'e%er) that the Sanunian aan cann!t *eclare a particular thin a( a nui(ance per (e an* !r*er it( c!n*e+nati!n. It *!e( n!t ha%e the p!'er t! #in*) a( a #act) that a particular thin i( a nui(ance 'hen (uch thin i( n!t a nui(ance per (e7 n!r can it auth!ri2e the e$trau*icial c!n*e+nati!n an* *e(tructi!n !# that a( a nui(ance 'hich in it( nature) (ituati!n !r u(e i( n!t (uch. Th!(e thin( +u(t /e *eter+ine* an* re(!l%e* in the !r*inar c!urt( !# la'.I# a thin) /e in #act) a nui(ance *ue t! the +anner !# it( !perati!n) that 5ue(ti!n cann!t /e *eter+ine* / a +ere re(!luti!n !# the Sanunian aan. ,e+pha(i( (upplie* De(pite the h!tel( cla((i#icati!n a( a nui(ance per acci*en() h!'e%er) :e (till #in* in thi( ca(e that the L>U +a ne%erthele(( pr!perl !r*er the h!tel( *e+!liti!n. Thi( i( /ecau(e) in the e$erci(e !# p!lice p!'er an* the eneral 'el#are clau(e)04 pr!pert riht( !# in*i%i*ual( +a /e (u/ecte* t! re(traint( an* /ur*en( in !r*er t! #ul#il the !/ecti%e( !# the !%ern+ent. Other'i(e (tate*) the !%ern+ent +a enact lei(lati!n that +a inter#ere 'ith per(!nal li/ert) pr!pert) la'#ul/u(ine((e( an* !ccupati!n( t! pr!+!te the eneral 'el#are.0? One (uch piece !# lei(lati!n i( the L>C) 'hich auth!ri2e( cit an* +unicipal !%ern+ent() actin thr!uh their l!cal chie# e$ecuti%e() t! i((ue *e+!liti!n !r*er(. Un*er e$i(tin la'() the !##ice !# the +a!r i( i%en p!'er( n!t !nl relati%e t! it( #uncti!n a(the e$ecuti%e !##icial !# the t!'n7 it ha( al(! /een en*!'e* 'ith auth!ritt! hear i((ue( in%!l%in pr!pert riht( !# in*i%i*ual( an* t! c!+e !ut 'ith an e##ecti%e !r*er !r re(!luti!n there!n.8;Pertinent herein i( Sec. """ ,/,3,%i !# the L>C) 'hich e+p!'ere* the +a!r t! !r*er the cl!(ure an* re+!%al !# illeall c!n(tructe* e(ta/li(h+ent( #!r #ailin t!(ecure the nece((ar per+it() t! 'it& Secti!n """.The Chie# E$ecuti%e& P!'er() Dutie() Functi!n( an* C!+pen(ati!n. G $$$$
,/ F!r e##icient) e##ecti%e an* ec!n!+ical !%ernance the purp!(e !# 'hich i( the eneral 'el#are !# the +unicipalit an* it( inha/itant( pur(uant t! Secti!n 01 !# thi( C!*e) the +unicipal +a!r (hall& $$$$ ,3 Initiate an* +a$i+i2e the enerati!n !# re(!urce( an* re%enue() an* appl the (a+e t! the i+ple+entati!n !# *e%el!p+ent plan() pr!ra+ !/ecti%e( an* pri!ritie( a( pr!%i*e* #!r un*er Secti!n 04 !# thi( C!*e) particularl th!(e re(!urce( an* re%enue( pr!ra++e* #!r ar!in*u(trial *e%el!p+ent an* c!untr-'i*e r!'th an* p r!re(() an* relati%e theret!) (hall& $$$$ ,%i Re5uire !'ner( !# illeall c!n(tructe* h!u(e() /uil*in( !r !ther (tructure( t! !/tain the nece((ar per+it) (u/ect t! (uch #ine( an* pen altie( a( +a /e i+p!(e* / la' !r !r*inance) !r t! +a6e nece((ar chane( in the c!n(tructi!n !# the (a+e 'hen (ai* c!n(tructi!n %i!late( an la' !r !r*inance) !r t! !r*er the *e+!liti!n !r re+!%al !# (ai* h!u(e) /uil*in !r (tructure 'ithin the peri!* pre(cri/e* / la' !r !r*inance. ,e+pha(i( (upplie*
'!R! o! 6*,-6 ;uly ,*& 66 ES
A =RAC>SCO& herein re2resented .y S>L?ES
The #!cal i((ue #!r *eter+inati!n i( 'hether !r n!t Re(p!n*ent Ma!r c!ul* (u++aril) 'ith!ut u*icial pr!ce(() !r*er the *e+!liti!n !# petiti!ner( 5u!n(et /uil*in. Re(p!n*ent u(ti# the *e+!liti!n in the e$erci(e !# p!lice p!'er an* #!r rea(!n( !# health) (a#et an* eneral 'el#are. It al(! relie( !n Or*inance N!. 0"= ,CA Rec!r*() pp. 4<-0;" !# the Municipalit !# I(a/ela. F!r it( part petiti!ner c!n(i(tentl *enie( t! the Ma!r) (uch p!'er) in%!6in pr!%i(i!n( !# the L!cal >!%ern+ent C!*e. Or*inance N!. 0"=) enacte* !n 8= Dece+/er 0?==) an* relie* up!n / re(p!n*ent() i( entitle* An Or*inance E(ta/li(hin C!+prehen(i%e !nin Reulati!n( #!r the Municipalit !# I(a/ela . . . It i( n!t *i(pute* that the 5u!n(et /uil*in) 'hich i( /ein u(e* #!r the (t!rae !# c!pra) i( l!cate* !ut(i*e the 2!ne #!r 'areh!u(e(. It i( re#erre* t! in Or*inance a( a n!n-c!n#!r+in
(tructure) 'hich (h!ul* /e rel!cate*. An* in the e%ent that an i++e*iate rel!cati!n !# the /uil*in can n!t /e acc!+pli(he*) Secti!n 01 !# the Or*inance pr!%i*e(& A certi#icate !# n!n-c!n#!r+ance #!r all n!n-c!n#!r+in u(e( (hall /e applie* #!r / the !'ner !r aent !# the pr!pert in%!l%e* 'ithin t'el%e ,08 +!nth( #r!+ the appr!%al !# thi( Or*inance) !ther'i(e the n!n-c!n#!r+in u(e +a /e c!n*e+ne* !r re+!%e* at the !'ner( e$pen(e. E%en rantin that petiti!ner #aile* t! appl #!r a Certi#icate !# N!n-c!n#!r+ance) the #!re!in pr!%i(i!n (h!ul* n!t /e interprete* a( auth!ri2in the (u++ar re+!%al !# a n!n-c!n#!r+in /uil*in / the +unicipal !%ern+ent. F!r i# it *!e() it +u(t /e (truc6 *!'n #!r /ein in c!ntra%enti!n !# the re5uire+ent( !# *ue pr!ce(() a( !riinall hel* / the re(p!n*ent C!urt. M!re!%er) the en#!rce+ent an* a*+ini(trati!n !# the pr!%i(i!n( !# the Or*inance re(i*e( 'ith the !nin A*+ini(trat!r ,Article JII) Sec(. 0 an* 8) Or*inance N!. 0"=. It i( (ai* !##icial 'h! +a call up!n the Cit Fi(cal t! in(titute the nece((ar leal pr!cee*in( t! en#!rce the pr!%i(i!n( !# the Or*inance ,id .) Sec. 8) Ibid .. An* an per(!n arie%e* / the *eci(i!n !# the !nin A*+ini(trat!r rear*in the en#!rce+ent !# the Or*inance +a appeal t! the !ar* !# !nin Appeal( ,id .) Sec. =) Ibid .. That a (u++ar re+e* can n!t /e re(!rte* t! i( #urther e%i*ent #r!+ the penal pr!%i(i!n( !# (ai* Or*inance) rea*in& An per(!n 'h! %i!late( an !# the pr!%i(i!n( !# thi( !r*inance (hall) upon conviction) /e puni(he* / a #ine !# n!t le(( than #i#t pe(!( ,P<;.;; /ut n!t +!re than t'! hun*re* pe(!( ,P8;;.;; !r / i+pri(!n+ent !# n!t le(( than !ne ,0 +!nth /ut n!t e$cee*in (i$ ,1 +!nth() !r /!th) at the discretion of the Court . . . ,ibid .) Sec. 00. BE+pha(i( !ur(. Ji!lati!n !# a +unicipal !r*inance neither e+p!'er( the Municipal Ma!r t! a%ail !# e$tra u*icial re+e*ie(. On the c!ntrar) the L!cal >!%ern+ent C!*e i+p!(e( up!n hi+ the *ut t! cau(e t! /e in(titute* u*icial pr!cee*in( in c!nnecti!n 'ith the %i!lati!n !# !r*inance( ,L!cal >!%ern+ent C!*e) Sec. 0"0 B8 Bt. Re(p!n*ent( can n!t (ee6 c!%er un*er the eneral 'el#are clau(e auth!ri2in the a/ate+ent !# nui(ance( 'ith!ut u*icial pr!cee*in(. That tenet applie( t! a nui(ance per se !r !ne 'hich a##ect( the i++e*iate (a#et !# per(!n( an* pr!pert an* +a /e (u++aril a/ate* un*er the un*e#ine* la' !# nece((it ,M!nte%er*e %. >ener!(!) <8 Phil. 083 B0?48. The (t!rae !# c!pra in the 5u!n(et /uil*in i( a leiti+ate /u(ine((. it( nature) it can n!t /e (ai* t! /e inuri!u( t! riht( !# pr!pert) !# health !r !# c!+#!rt !# the c!++unit. I# it /e a nui(ance per accidens it +a /e (! pr!%en in a hearin c!n*ucte* #!r that purp!(e. It i( n!t per se a nui(ance 'arrantin it( (u++ar a/ate+ent 'ith!ut u*icial inter%enti!n. The pr!%incial !%ern!r) *i(trict enineer !r *i(trict health !##icer i( n!t auth!ri2e* t! *e(tr! pri%ate pr!pert c!n(i(tin !# *a+( an* #i(hp!n*( (u++aril an* 'ith!ut an u*icial pr!cee*in( 'hate%er un*er the preten(e that
(uch pri%ate pr!pert c!n(titute( a nui(ance. A *a+ !r a #i(her c!n(tructe* in na%ia/le ri%er( i( n!t a nui(ance per se. A *a+ !r #i(hp!n* +a /e a nui(ance per accidens 'here it en*aner( !r i+pair( the health !r *epreciate( pr!pert / cau(in 'ater t! /ec!+e (tanant. ,M!nte%er*e %. >ener!(!) supra. :hile the Sanunian aan +a pr!%i*e #!r the a/ate+ent !# a nui(ance ,L!cal >!%ern+ent C!*e) Sec. 0"? Bee) it can n!t *eclare a particular thin a( a nui(ance per se an* !r*er it( c!n*e+nati!n. The nui(ance can !nl /e (! a*u*e* / u*icial *eter+inati!n. BMunicipal c!uncil( *! n!t ha%e the p!'er t! #in* a( a #act that a particular thin i( a nui(ance 'hen (uch thin i( n!t a nui(ance per se n!r can the auth!ri2e the e$tra u*icial c!n*e+nati!n an* *e(tructi!n !# that a( a nui(ance 'hich) in it( nature) (ituati!n !r u(e i( n!t (uch. The(e thin( +u(t /e *eter+ine* in the !r*inar c!urt( !# la'. In the pre(ent ca(e) . . . the ice #act!r !# the plainti## i( n!t a nui(ance per se. It i( a leiti+ate in*u(tr . . . . I# it /e in #act a nui(ance *ue t! the +anner !# it( !perati!n) that 5ue(ti!n cann!t /e *eter+ine* / a +ere re(!luti!n !# the /!ar*. The petiti!ner i( entitle* t! a #air an* i+partial heatin /e#!re a u*icial tri/unal. ,Il!il! C!l* St!rae %. Municipal C!uncil) 8" Phil. "= B0?03. Petiti!ner 'a( in la'#ul p!((e((i!n !# the l!t an* 5u!n(et /uil*in / %irtue !# a per+it #r!+ the Philippine P!rt( Auth!rit ,P!rt !# a+/!ana 'hen *e+!liti!n 'a( e##ecte*. It 'a( n!t (5uattin !n pu/lic lan*. It( pr!pert 'a( n!t !# tri#lin %alue. It 'a( entitle* t! an i+partial hearin /e#!re a tri/unal auth!ri2e* t! *eci*e 'hether the 5u!n(et /uil*in *i* c!n(titute a nui(ance in la'. There 'a( n! c!+pellin nece((it #!r precipitate acti!n. It #!ll!'( then that re(p!n*ent pu/lic !##icial( !# the Municipalit !# I(a/ela) a(ilan) tran(cen*e* their auth!rit in a/atin (u++aril petiti!ner( 5u!n(et /uil*in. The ha* *epri%e* petiti!ner !# it( pr!pert 'ith!ut *ue pr!ce(( !# la'. The #act that petiti!ner #ile* a (uit #!r pr!hi/iti!n an* 'a( (u/(e5uentl hear* there!n 'ill n!t cure the *e#ect) a( !pine* / the C!urt !# Appeal() the *e+!liti!n ha%in /een a fait accompli pri!r t! hearin an* the auth!rit t! *e+!li(h 'ith!ut a u*icial !r*er /ein a preu*icial i((ue.
'!R! o! ,+/4,3& ;uly +& ,+* LEOC>O ALA'#EO& AR<@R ?ERCELES& A# #A ?ER'ARA v. <E C>< MAOR O= BA'@>O& E< AL!
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DO N!. <38 (tate( !n it( #ace that it 'a( i((ue* in acc!r*ance 'ith Secti!n 3) pararaph 8.< ,a !# the I+ple+entin Rule( an* Reulati!n( ,IRR >!%ernin Su++ar E%icti!n ,Su++ar
E%icti!n IRR) t! 'it&La'li/rar!#CRAla' ChanR!/le(Jirtuala'li/rar SECTION 3. 1ro"edures and 'uidelines $$$$ 8.; I((uance !# Su++ar E%icti!n N!tice ChanR!/le(Jirtuala'li/rar $$$$ 8.< In the I((uance !# n!tice) the #!ll!'in (hall /e (trictl !/(er%e*&La'li/rar!#CRAla' a. F!r !n-!in c!n(tructi!n) n! n!tice (hall /e (er%e*.Di(+antlin !# the (tructure( (hall /e i++e*iatel en#!rce* / the L>U !r the c!ncerne* aenc t! *e+!li(h.
T! n!te) the Su++ar E%icti!n IRR 'a( i((ue* pur(uant t! Secti!n 84) Article JII !# RA =8=?) 'hich e5uall pr!%i*e( #!r the (ituati!n( 'herein e%icti!n !r *e +!liti!n i( all!'e* a( cra#te* e$cepti!n( t! the +!rat!riu+ !n e%icti!n un*er Secti!n "") Article KII33 !# the (a+e la'. ChanR!/le(Jirtuala'li/rar Sec. 84. E%icti!n an* De+!liti!n. 9 E%icti!n !r *e+!liti!n a( a practice (hall /e *i(c!urae*. E%icti!n !r *e+!liti!n) h!'e%er) +a /e all!'e* un*er the #!ll!'in (ituati!n(&La'li/rar!#CRAla' ,a :hen per(!n( !r entitie( !ccup *aner area( (uch a( e(ter!() railr!a* trac6() ar/ae *u+p() ri%er/an6() (h!reline() 'ater'a() an* !ther pu/lic place( (uch a( (i*e'al6() r!a*() par6() an* plar!un*(7 ,/ :hen !%ern+ent in#ra(tructure pr!ect( 'ith a%aila/le #un*in are a/!ut t! /e i+ple+ente*7 !r ,c :hen there i( a c!urt !r*er #!r e%icti!n an* *e+!liti!n. $$$$ Thi( Depart+ent !# the Interi!r an* L!cal >!%ern+ent an* the H!u(in an* Ur/an De%el!p+ent C!!r*inatin C!uncil (hall !intl pr!+ulate the nece((ar rule( an* reulati!n( t! carr !ut the a/!%e pr!%i(i!n. ,E+pha(e( (upplie* Secti!n 8 !# the Su++ar E%icti!n IRR pr!%i*e( that !nl new s%uatter3" #a+ilie( 'h!(e (tructure( 'ere /uilt a#ter the e##ecti%it !# RA =8=?) !ther'i(e 6n!'n a( the Ur/an De%el!p+ent an* H!u(in Act !# 0??8) an* (5uatter #a+ilie( i*enti#ie* / the l!cal !%ern+ent unit ,L>U a( pr!#e((i!nal (5uatter( 3
ChanR!/le(Jirtuala'li/rar SECTION 8. Coverage G The #!ll!'in (hall /e (u/ect #!r (u++ar e%icti!n&La'li/rar!#CRAla' 0.; ew s%uatter #a+ilie( 'h!(e (tructure( 'ere /uilt a#ter the e##ecti%it !# RA=8=?7 an* 8.; S5uatter #a+ilie( i*enti#ie* / the L>U in c!!perati!n 'ith the Pre(i*ential C!++i((i!n !# the Ur/an P!!r ,PCUP) Philippine Nati!nal P!lice ,PNP an* accre*ite* Ur/an P!!r BOrani2ati!n ,UPO a( pr!#e((i!nal (5uatter( !r +e+/er( !# (5uattin (n*icate( a( *e#ine* in the Act. Un*er the Su++ar E%icti!n IRR) the ter+ su$$ary evi"tion ha( /een *e#ine* a( the i++e*iate *i(+antlin !# ne' illeal (tructure( / the l!cal !%ern+ent unit( ! r !%ern+ent aenc auth!ri2e* t! B*e+!li(h in c!!r*inati!n 'ith the a##ecte* ur/an p!!r !rani2ati!n( 'ith!ut pr!%i*in the (tructure !'ner,( an /ene#it( !# the Ur/an De% el!p+ent an* H!u(in Pr!ra+.31re*arcla' Mean'hile) the ter+( ne' (5uatter) pr!#e((i!nal (5uatter()an* (5uattin (n*icate( ha%e /een re(pecti%el *e#ine* a( #!ll!'(&La'li/rar!#CRAla' ChanR!/le(Jirtuala'li/rar ew s%uatter re#er( t! in*i%i*ual r!up( 'h! !ccup lan* 'ith!ut the e$pre(( c!n(ent !# the lan*!'ner a#ter March 84) 0??8. Their (tructure( (hall /e * i(+antle* an* appr!priate chare( (hall /e #ile* aain(t the+ / the pr!per auth!ritie( i# the re#u(e t! %acate the pre+i(e(.3=re*arcla' 1rofessional s%uatters re#er( t! in*i%i*ual( !r r!up( 'h! !ccup lan*( 'ith!ut the e$pre(( c!n(ent !# the lan*!'ner an* 'h! ha%e (u##icient inc!+e #!r leiti+ate h!u(in. The ter+ (hall al(! appl t! per(!n( 'h! ha%e pre%i!u(l /een a'ar*e* h!+el!t( !r h!u(in unit( / the >!%ern+ent /ut 'h! (!l*) lea(e* !r tran(#erre* the (a+e t! (ettle illeall in the (a+e place !r in an!ther ur/an area) an* n!n-/!na #i*e !ccupant( an* intru*er( !# lan*( re(er%e* #!r (!ciali2e* h!u(in. The ter+ (hall n!t appl t! in*i%i*ual( !r r!up( 'h! (i+pl rent lan* an* h!u(in #r!+ pr!#e((i!nal (5uatter( !r (5uattin (n*icate(. 34re*arcla' S%uatting syndi"ates re#er( t! r!up( !# per(!n( enae* in the /u(ine(( !# (5uatter h!u(in #!r pr!#it !r ain.3? In thi( ca(e) petiti!ner( cann!t /e c!n(i*ere* a( ne' (5uatter() (ince) alth!uh their (tructure( 'ere /uilt a#ter March 84) 0??8) the !r their pre*ece((!r(-in-intere(t ha* !ccupie*) an* 'ere clai+ant( !# the (u/ect pr!pert l!n /e#!re the (ai* *ate.Neither ha%e the /een i*enti#ie* / the L>U a( pr!#e((i!nal (5uatter( n!r +e+/er( !# a (5uattin (n*icate. Thu() (ince petiti!ner( *! n!t #all un*er the c!%erae !# the (ai* IRR) the i((uance !# DO N!. ;< ha* n! leal /a(i( at the !n(et. M!re (ini#icantl) n!ne !# the three ,3 (ituati!n( enu+erate* un*er Secti!n 84) Article JII !#
RA =8=? a( a/!%e-cite*) 'hen e%icti!n !r *e+!liti!n i( all!'e*) ha%e /een (h!'n t! /e pre(ent in the ca(e at /ar. Speci#icall) it 'a( n!t (h!'n that the (tructure( are in *aner area( !r pu/lic area() (uch a( a (i*e'al6) r!a*) par6) !r plar!un*7 that a !%ern+ent in#ra(tructure pr!ect i( a/!ut t! /e i+ple+ente*7 an* that there i( a c!urt !r*er #!r *e+!liti!n !r e%icti!n. There#!re) the i((uance / the Cit Ma!r !# an !r*er #!r the (u++ar *e+!liti!n !# petiti!ner( (tructure( #in*( n! /a(i( in the (ai* la' per+ittin (u++ar *e+!liti!n !r e%icti!n. :hile re(p!n*ent( +a6e +uch a*! !# petiti!ner( lac6 !# /uil*in per+it() it (h!ul* /e un*er(c!re* that un*er Pre(i*ential Decree N!. 0;?1)"; !ther'i(e 6n!'n a( the Nati!nal uil*in C!*e !# the Philippine( ,NCP) the +ere #act that a (tructure i( c!n(tructe* 'ith!ut a /uil*in per+it) a( 'ell a( n!n-c!+pliance 'ith '!r6 (t!ppae !r*er) 'ith!ut +!re) 'ill n!t call #!r a (u++ar *e+!liti!n) /ut (u/ect( the %i!lat!r t! an a*+ini(trati%e #ine un*er Secti!n 808)"0 Chapter II !# the NCP) !r a cri+inal ca(e un*er Secti!n 803"8 !# the (a+e la'. In*ee*) 'hile Secti!n 3;0) Chapter III !# the NCP (tate( that Bn! per(!n) #ir+ !r c!rp!rati!n) inclu*in an aenc !r in(tru+entalit !# the !%ern+ent (hall erect) c!n(truct) alter) repair) +!%e) c!n%ert !r *e+!li(h an /uil*in !r (tructure !r cau(e the (a+e t! /e *!ne 'ith!ut #ir(t !/tainin a /uil*in per+it there#!r #r!+ the uil*in O##icial a((ine* in the place 'here the (u/ect /uil*in i( l!cate* !r the /uil*in '!r6 i( t! /e *!ne) the re+e* !# (u++ar a/ate+ent aain(t the /are a/(ence !# a /uil*in per+it 'a( n!t pr!%i*e* #!r. Mean'hile) Secti!n 80< !# the NCP) an* it( c!rre(p!n*in IRR pr!%i(i!n ,/!th !# 'hich are re(pecti%el 5u!te* hereun*er (tate( that /e#!re a (tructure +a /e a/ate* !r *e+!li(he*)there +u(t #ir(t /e a #in*in !r *eclarati!n / the uil*in O##icial that the /uil*in@(tructure i( a nui(ance) ruin!u( !r *aner!u(&La'li/rar!#CRAla' ChanR!/le(Jirtuala'li/rar Se"tion ,*! A.ate$ent of #angerous Buildings! :hen an /uil*in !r (tructure i( #!un* !r *eclare* t! /e *aner!u( !r ruin!u() the uil*in O##icial (hall !r*er it( repair) %acati!n !r *e+!liti!n *epen*in up!n the *eree !# *aner t! li#e) health) !r (a#et. Thi( i( 'ith!ut preu*ice t! #urther acti!n that +a /e ta6en un*er the pr!%i(i!n( !# Article( "48 an* 1?" t! =;= !# the Ci%il C!*e !# the Philippine(. 1ROCE#@RE =OR ABA<>O O= #A'ERO@S R@>O@S B@>L#>'S S
<. Pr!ce*ure #!r De+!liti!n !# uil*in( The #!ll!'in (tep( (hall /e !/(er%e* in the a/ate+ent@*e+!liti!n !# /uil*in( un*er thi( Rule&La'li/rar!#CRAla' <.0 There +u(t /e a #in*in !r *eclarati!n / the uil*in O##icial that the /uil*in@(tructure i( a nui(ance) ruin!u( !r *aner!u(. <.8 :ritten n!tice !r a*%ice (hall /e (er%e* up!n the !'ner an* !ccupant@( !# (uch #in*in !r
*eclarati!n) i%in hi+ at lea(t #i#teen ,0< *a( 'ithin 'hich t! %acate !r cau(e t! /e %acate*) repaire*) ren!%ate*) *e+!li(he* an* re+!%e* a( the ca(e +a /e) the nui(ance) ruin!u( !r *aner!u( /uil*in@(tructure !r an part !r p!rti!n there!#. <.3 :ithin the #i#teen-*a ,0< peri!*) the !'ner +a) i# he (! *e(ire() appeal t! the Secretar the #in*in !r *eclarati!n !# the uil*in O ##icial an* a(6 that a re-in(pecti!n !r re-in%e(tiati!n !# the /uil*in@(tructure /e +a*e. $ $ $ $"3 T! thi() it /ear( n!tin that it i( the uil*in O##icial) an* n!t the Cit Ma!r) 'h! ha( the auth!rit t! !r*er the *e+!liti!n !# the (tructure( un*er the NCP. A( hel* in Gancayco v. City Government of Quezon City&""re*arcla' ChanR!/le(Jirtuala'li/rar BThe uil*in C!*e clearl pr!%i*e( the pr!ce(( / 'hich a /uil*in +a /e *e+!li(he*. The auth!rit t! !r*er the *e+!liti!n !# an (tructure lie( 'ith the uil*in O##icial. The pertinent pr!%i(i!n( !# the uil*in C!*e pr!%i*e&La'li/rar!#CRAla' ChanR!/le(Jirtuala'li/rar SECTION 8;<. uil*in O##icial(. 9 E$cept a( !ther'i(e pr!%i*e* herein)the Building Offi"ial (hall /e re(p!n(i/le #!r carrin !ut the pr!%i(i!n( !# thi( C!*e in the #iel* a( 'ell a( the en#!rce+ent !# !r*er( an* *eci(i!n( +a*e pur(uant theret!. Due t! the e$iencie( !# the (er%ice) the Secretar +a *e(inate incu+/ent Pu/lic :!r6( Di(trict Enineer() Cit Enineer( an* Municipal Enineer( Bt!act a( Building Offi"ials in their re(pecti%e area( !# uri(*icti!n. The *e(inati!n +a*e / the Secretar un*er thi( Secti!n (hall c!ntinue until reular p!(iti!n( !# uil*in O##icial are pr!%i*e* !r unle(( (!!ner ter+inate* #!r cau(e( pr!%i*e* / la' !r *ecree. B$ $$ $ SECTION 8;=.Dutie( !# a uil*in O##icial. 9 In hi( re(pecti%e territ!rial uri(*icti!n) the uil*in O##icial (hall /e pri+aril re(p!n(i/le #!r the en#!rce+ent !# the pr!%i(i!n( !# thi( C!*e a( 'ell a( !# the i+ple+entin rule( an* reulati!n( i((ue* there#!r. He i( the !##icial chare* 'ith the *utie( !# i((uin /uil*in per+it(. In the per#!r+ance !# hi( *utie() a uil*in O##icial +a enter an /uil*in !r it( pre+i(e( at all rea(!na/le ti+e( t! in(pect an* *eter+ine c!+pliance 'ith the re5uire+ent( !# thi( C!*e) an* the ter+( an* c!n*iti!n( pr!%i*e* #!r in the /uil*in per+it a( i((ue*. :hen an /uil*in '!r6 i( #!un* t! /e c!ntrar t! the pr!%i(i!n( !# thi( C!*e) the uil*in O##icial +a !r*er the '!r6 (t!ppe* an* pre(cri/e the ter+( an*@!r c !n*iti!n( 'hen the '!r6 'ill /e all!'e* t! re(u+e. Li6e'i(e) the uil*in O##icial i( auth!ri2e* t! !r*er the *i(c!ntinuance !# the !ccupanc !r u(e !# an /uil*in !r (tructure !r p!rti!n there!# #!un* t! /e !ccupie* !r u(e* c!ntrar t! the pr!%i(i!n( !# thi( C!*e.
$ $ $ $ ,E+pha(e( (upplie* In thi( ca(e) n!ne !# the #!re!in re5ui(ite( 'ere (h!'n t! c!ncur. Plainl) rec!r*( are /ere#t !# an *eclarati!n c!+in #r!+ the uil*in O##icial) an* it i( un*i(pute* that the *e+!liti!n !r*er 'a( i((ue* / the Cit Ma!r. N!ta/l) 'hile re(p!n*ent( in%!6e the Cit Ma!r( auth!rit un*er Secti!n "<<,/ 3,%i"< !# the L!cal >!%ern+ent C!*e"1 t! !r*er the *e+!liti!n !r re+!%al !# an illeall c!n(tructe* h!u(e) /uil*in) !r (tructure 'ithin the peri!* pre(cri/e* / la' !r !r*inance an* their alleati!n that re(p!n*ent( (tructure( 'ere c!n(tructe* 'ith!ut /uil*in per+it() rec!r*( *i(cl!(e that the (a+e 'a( n!t rai(e* /e#!re the trial c!urt. Since re(p!n*ent( in%!6e* the (ai* (ecti!n #!r the #ir(t ti+e in their c!++ent t! the in(tant petiti!n) "= the aru+entati!n cann!t thu( /e entertaine*) it /ein (ettle* that +atter() the!rie( !r aru+ent( n!t /r!uht !ut in the pr!cee*in( /el!' 'ill !r*inaril n!t /e c!n(i*ere* / a re%ie'in c!urt a( the cann!t /e rai(e* #!r the #ir(t ti+e !n appeal."4re*arcla' e(i*e() it i( clear that DO N!. ;< 'a( n!t i((ue* pur(uant t! Secti!n "<< ,/ 3 ,%i !# the L!cal >!%ern+ent C!*e) /ut pur(uant t! Secti!n 3 par. 8.<,a !# the i+ple+entin rule( an* reulati!n( !%ernin (u++ar e%icti!n !intl i((ue* / the Depart+ent !# Interi!r an* L!cal >!%ern+ent ,DIL> an* the H!u(in an* Ur/an De%el!p+ent C!!r*inatin C!uncil $ $ $)"? i+ple+entin Secti!n 84) Article JII !# RA =8=?) the applicati!n !# 'hich) h!'e%er) ha( /een herein *e/un6e*. In #ine) DO N!. ;<) 'hich !r*ere* the (u++ar *e+!liti!n !# petiti!ner( (tructure() ha( n! leal +!!rin( an* per#!rce 'a( in%ali*l i((ue*. Acc!r*inl) an inuncti%e 'rit t! en!in it( i+ple+entati!n i( in !r*er. It i( 'ell-(ettle* that #!r an inuncti!n t! i((ue) t'! re5ui(ite( +u(t c!ncur& #ir(t) there +u(t /e a riht t! /e pr!tecte*7 an* (ec!n*) the act( aain(t 'hich the inuncti!n i( t! /e *irecte* are %i!lati%e !# (ai* riht.<; Here) the t'! ,8 re5ui(ite( are pre(ent& there i( a riht t! /e pr!tecte* G that i() petiti!ner( riht !%er their (tructure( 'hich (h!ul* /e pre(er%e* unle(( their re+!%al i( 'arrante* / la'7 an* the act) i.e.) the (u++ar *e+!liti!n !# the (tructure( un*er DO N!. ;<) aain(t 'hich the inuncti!n i( *irecte*) '!ul* %i!late (ai* riht.<0re*arcla' A( a #inal n!te) the C!urt e$h!rt( that a/(ent c!+pliance 'ith the la'( all!'in #!r (u++ar e%icti!n) re(p!n*ent( cann!t re(!rt t! the pr!ce*ural (h!rtcut !# !u(tin petiti!ner( / the (i+ple e$pe*ient !# a (u++ar *e+!liti!n !r*er #r!+ the O##ice !# the Cit Ma!r. The ha%e t! un*er! the appr!priate pr!cee*in a( (et !ut in the NCP an* it( IRR !r a%ail !# the pr!per u*icial pr!ce(( t! rec!%er the (u/ect pr!pert #r!+ petiti!ner(. In pur(uin (ai* rec!ur(e) it '!ul* al(! n!t /e a+i(( #!r the partie( t! a' ait the #inal re(!luti!n !# an pen*in ca(e in%!l%in the (u/ect pr!pert /et'een petiti!ner( an* Erne(t!) /e#!re the appr!priate !%ern+ent aencie() in !r*er t! a%!i* an #urther c!+plicati!n !n the +atter. That /ein (ai*) it i( then unnece((ar t! *el%e int! the !ther ancillar i((ue( rai(e* in the(e pr!cee*in(.
eirs of S2ouses Lu"iano& et al! vs! on! ;esus ?! uitain& et al!& '!R! o! *-6-,& O"to.er 3+& ,++/
Re(p!n*ent Cit Enineer( re#u(al t! i((ue the /uil*in per+it an* c!nc!+itant !r*er #!r the Heir( !# Jenturill! t! cau(e the *e+!liti!n !# their h!u(e !r el(e the (a+e (hall /e (u++aril *e+!li(he*B8;are pre+i(e* !n the #act that the h!u(e 'hich the Heir( !# Jenturill! inten*e* t! re#ur/i(h (tan*( in the +i**le !# the pr!p!(e* e$ten(i!n !# Mt. Ma!n Street) an area 'hich ha* /een *eclare* a( a r!a* riht-!#-'a / the Cit >!%ern+ent. It (h!ul* /e e+pha(i2e*) h!'e%er) that the Heir( !# Jenturill!) thr!uh their parent() ha%e c!ntinu!u(l p!((e((e* an* !ccupie* the lan* !n 'hich the h!u(e (!uht t! /e re#ur/i(he* (tan*( (ince 0?"8.Thi( p!((e((i!n 'a( 'ith the tacit c!n(ent an* auth!ri2ati!n !# the Cit >!%ern+ent. In #act) the Cit A((e((!r( O##ice *irecte* the Jenturill!( t! #ile ta$ *eclarati!n( an* pa real pr!pert ta$e( there!n 'hich the ha%e c!n(i(tentl c!+plie* 'ith. In Estate
of Gregoria Francisco
!# I(a/ela) a(ilan !r*ere*
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Appeals, [21] the 'ith!ut
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a 5u!n(et /uil*in 'hich (t!!* !n a l!t !'ne* / the Philippine P!rt( Auth!rit. The +unicipal +a!r u(ti#ie* the *e+!liti!n a( an e$erci(e !# p!lice p!'er an* #!r rea(!n( !# health) (a#et an* eneral 'el#are. The C!urt a'ar*e* u(t c!+pen(ati!n the a+!unt !# 'hich 'a( #!r the trial c!urt t! *eter+ine in #a%!r !# the petiti!ner 'h!(e /uil*in 'a( *e+!li(he* / the +unicipalit e%en /e#!re a pr!per tri/unal c!ul* *eci*e 'hether !r n!t the /uil*in c!n(titute* a nui(ance in la'. The rulin 'a( pre+i(e* !n the r!un* that the !'ner !# the /uil*in 'a( in la'#ul p!((e((i!n !# the l!t an* the /uil*in / %irtue !# the per+it #r!+ the auth!ri2e* !%ern+ent aenc 'hen the *e+!liti!n 'a( a##ecte*. In the (a+e %ein) / %irtue !# the Cit >!%ern+ent( tacit c!n(ent) the Heir( !# Jenturill! are n!t (5uatter( !n pu/lic lan* /ut are in la'#ul p!((e((i!n there!#) inclu*in the h!u(e (u/ect !# the (u++ar *e+!liti!n !r*er !# re(p!n*ent Cit Enineer. The Heir( !# Jenturill! ha%e a clear an* un+i(ta6a/le leal riht n!t t! /e *i(tur/e* in their la'#ul p!((e((i!n !# the pr!pert unle(( the pr!per u*icial tri/unal ha( *eter+ine* that the (a+e c!n(titute( a nui(ance in la'.
uisance !er "e
In the #ir(t) the la' (peciall pr!%i*e( the pr!ce*ure t! /e #!ll!'e* in ca(e !# *e+!liti!n7 in the (ec!n*) there i( n!ne (tate*) alth!uh thi( C!urt ha( ha* !cca(i!n t! rule that h!u(e( erecte* 'ith!ut !%ern+ental auth!rit !n pu/lic (treet() ri%er /e*) an* 'ater 'a( are nui(ance per (e ,Sitch!n) et al. %. A5uin! "8 O.>. N!. 4) p. 03??0& uint!) et al. %. Lac(!n) et al.) L-0"=;;) Ma 3;) 0?1;) an* c!ul* /e re+!%e* / the !%ern+ent) un*er the pr!ce*ure !utline* in the la' !%ernin the ca(e.
Ha%in /een 'arne* / re(p!n*ent( that hi( act( 'ere in #act %i!lati!n( !# la') petiti!ner (h!ul* ha%e /een +!re circu+(pect in hi( acti!n( an* (h!ul* ha%e pur(ue* the pr!per re+e*ie( that 'ere +!re in c!n(!nance 'ith the *ictate( !# *ue pr!ce((.
A nui(ance per (e i( that 'hich a##ect( the i++e*iate (a#et !# per(!n( an* pr!pert an* +a (u++aril /e a/ate* un*er the un*e#ine* la' !# nece((it. #elmo v. $ustamante) >.R. N!. 048<1=) 03 ul 8;;?) .R. N!. 0<;0?") 1 March 8;;=) <0= SCRA "44) <;= A nui(ance per (e i( that 'hich a##ect( the i++e*iate (a#et !# per(!n( an* pr!pert an* +a /e (u++aril a/ate* un*er the un*e#ine* la' !# nece((it.B30 E%i*entl) the c!ncrete p!(t( (u++aril re+!%e* / petiti!ner *i* n!t at all p!(e a ha2ar* t! the (a#et !# per(!n( an* pr!pertie() 'hich '!ul* ha%e nece((itate* i++e*iate an* (u++ar a/ate+ent. :hat the *i*) at +!(t) 'a( t! p!(e an inc!n%enience t! the pu/lic / /l!c6in the #ree pa((ae !# pe!ple t! an* #r!+ the nati!nal r!a*.
