DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND STRUCTURE FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MALAYSIA
REPORT OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN PLANNING FOR URBAN RENEWAL
SUBJECT
:
KKKH4284 SUSTAINABLE URBAN PLANNING
NAME
:
MATHIVANAN A/L MUTHUSAMY
MATRIC NO
:
A141424
LECTURER
:
PROF IR. DR. RIZA ATIQ ABDULLAH BIN O.K. RAHMAT DR. MUHAMMAD NAZRI BIN BORHAN
TASK 7 :
Kajang has transformed itself from a small old town to a big modern town by designing and developing new township such as Bandar Baru Bangi and Bandar Seri Putra as well as extending its CBD (central business district) such as extension to Sungai Chua. However, its centre is inadequately transformed and most of its residences are working in Kuala Lumpur and other external areas. Write your vision and plan for Kajang to transform its town centre and to be a self reliance town. You may use sketches to enhance your vision and plan. 1.0
INTRODUCTION The process where an urban neighborhood or area is improved and rehabilitated.
The renewal process can include demolishing old or run-down buildings , constructing new, upto-date housing, or adding in features like a theater or stadium. Urban renewal is usually undergone for the purposes of persuading wealthier individuals to come live in that area. Urban renewal is often part of the gentrification process. Urban renewal, which is generally called urban regeneration ("regeneration" in the United Kingdom), "revitalization" in the United States is a program of land redevelopment in areas of moderate to high density urban land use. Renewal has had both successes and failures. Its modern incarnation began in the late 19th century in developed nations and experienced an intense phase in the late 1940s. The process has had a major impact on many urban landscapes, and has played an important role in the history and demographics of cities around the world.
In some cases, renewal may result in urban sprawl and less congestion when areas of cities receive freeways and expressways. Urban renewal has been seen by proponents as an economic engine and a reform mechanism, and by critics as a mechanism for control. It may enhance existing communities, and in some cases result in the demolition of neighborhoods.Urban renewal involves the relocation of businesses, the demolition of structures, the relocation of people, and the use of eminent domain (government purchase of property for public purpose) as a legal instrument to take private property for city-initiated development projects. This process is also carried out in rural areas, referred to as village renewal, though it may not be exactly the same in practice.
Many cities link the revitalization of the central business district and gentrification of residential neighborhoods to earlier urban renewal programs. Over time, urban renewal evolved into a policy based less on destruction and more on renovation and investment, and today is an integral part of many local governments, often combined with small and big business incentives.
2.0
DISCUSSION
2.0.1
History of Kajang City
The first settlement in Kajang was established in 1709. In 1807, Kajang was founded after the Klang War. Because of its central location, it was made the district capital of Hulu Langat. Kajang as a modern town owes its rise in particular to the coffee estates which were opened up around it in the 1890s. One of the famous coffee estates were Inch Kenneth Estate managed by the Kindersley brothers who were among the first to plant rubber in the country on a commercial basis. Another was Perang Besar (Great War) Estate, opened by some British ex-servicemen led by Colonel Henry Gough, who was the pioneer of bud-grafting of rubber trees in the country. Kajang developed into a modern township as it enjoys the rapidly increasing rubber estate business at the turn of the 20th century. Today, Kajang is a sub-urban township of Klang Valley and have been linked with modern highways and complete network of transportations. Situated in the southern part of Selangor state of Hulu Langat district, it is inhabited by more than 230,000,000 residents of various races and religion. The process of revitalizing deteriorate sections of the city is often done through demolition and new construction.
2.0.2
The Concept of Self-Reliance
The concept of self-reliance is located centrally within the discourse of community development and is connected to related concepts like self-help, mutual-help, indigeneous participation and rural development. It advocates the need for people to improve their condition using initiatives and resources in their own hands. The concept is fast being accepted as a new formula for community development. Self-reliance is thus “development on the basis of a country’s (region’s) own resources, involving its populations based on t he potentials of its cultural values and traditions. Although urban renewal programs may be privately funded, in order to transform Kajang to become a self reliance town, that aiming at revitalization of the urban environment. This is most often associated with government renewal programs. For example, most large cities have experienced some urban renewal in the last 20 years. The typical program attempts to demolish concentrations of dilapidated housing and often attract developers of middle-income or mixed housing. Often, however, urban renewal areas become sites for new public buildings such as civic auditoriums, sport arenas and universities. The improvement of slum, deteriorated and
underutilized areas of the city; generally implies improvement realized through city, state and particularly federal programs, including the clearance and redevelopment of slums (overcrowded area of a city in which the housing is typically in a bad condition), the rehabilitation of relatively sound structures, and conservation measures to arrest the spread of deterioration. The old town of Kajang is in such condition. The old buildings are dilapidated and are still standing in need of attention. But the important thing must to realise that renewal also had both success and failures. Urban renewal has been seen by proponents as an economic engine and a reform mechanism and by critics as a mechanism for control. It may enhance existing communities and in some cases result in the demolition of neighbourhoods.
2.0.3
Vision
By looking to the surrounding and current condition of Bandar Kajang ,the main vision for this plan is : 1. To make Kajang as a town where the residences enjoying and living with the benefits of a sustainable environment and to leave a sustainable world for future generations. 2.
Sustainable and Green City Since, the condition of Kajang town is getting worse with the increasing of it’s population years by years, so the main vision for the urban renewal in Kajang is to make it becomes a sustainable and green city. A sustainable development will solve the problem of any pollution occur in Kajang city by implementation of more green infrastructures and services.
3. Use Existing and New Facilities Efficiently By managing the existing facilities efficiently the use of the facilities will be enhanced without being wasted. The new facilities that want to be implemented need to be a green facilitiy for the Kajang’s residents. 4. Enabling Effective Use of Transportation The existing system of transportation in Kajang needs to be enhanced. The public transport management can be improved by relocate the place for bus stop so that it will not disturbing traffic in Kajang.
2.0.3
Mission
The mission is transforming Kajang town centre to become a self-reliance town and to transform Kajang becomes a sustainable city in energy efficiency, industrial productivity, affordable and personalised healthcare and also intelligent infrastructure solutions.
2.0.4
i.
Urban Renewal
Improving the Economic Growth and Quality
The main of economic activities in Kajang are light industries, food, tourism, learning institution and commercial retailing. So, the redesign of Kajang should include the existing economic activities and review its sustainability for future development. It is preferable to have a sustainable growth economic for Kajang to survive without rely to resources such as capital, money or raw materials from outside.
The economy activities must be planned to meet peoples needs as much as possible and at t he same time they are ensure to have equivalent quality of life, which mean that gap between rich and poor will be smaller. Economic growth will achieve its balance, which is the ideal stage. No more over demand to increase the burden on earth. Suggested economic activities are preferable to environmental friendly, such as organic agriculture, professional knowledge services, green buildings development and etc.
ii.
Alterations and Extension to Existing Buildings
Planning permission or planning consent is the permission required in order to be allowed to build on land, or change the use of land or buildings. Planning permission will be granted for alterations and extension to existing buildings provided they:
respect the form, siting, materials, details and character of the original property and its curtilage;
respect the characteristics of the wider area, particularly where the property forms part of a semi-detached pair, a terrace, or a formal street pattern;
would not cause unacceptable harm to the amenities of neighbouring occupiers;
retain adequate car parking within the site.
iii.
Established the New Area of Commercial or Industrial.
By establishing the new area of commercial and industrial in Kajang, we can attract the residences to working in Kajang. So, Kajang town should provide more employment opportunities to residences so that the residences do not have to work in Kuala Lumpur. A robust commercial and employment land use strategy that promotes economic stability, vitality and diversity and caters to the changing needs of the market and the residents of Kajang. Reinforce and promote Kajang centre town as the premier location for business, shopping, living, entertainment and cultural activities.
Then, Kajang’s major employment area must locate in relation to the major transportation infrastructure and facilities including the major roads, bus terminal and train. These elements set the stage for a range of employment and business opportunities to meet existing and forecasted demand. Future development in the employment sector is envisaged to be more compact and integrated with public transit to provide an alternative mode for a work related trips. So, the residents do not have to working in Kuala Lumpur.
iv.
Improving the Social Quality
In Kajang redesign development, social quality must be increase in terms of mentally and personally, which mean that peoples having high awareness about their relationship between human and environment. People will start desired for simple life and not to ultimately enjoyment of physical sense, which will lead to unlimited exploitation of limited natural resources. Lifestyle of people have to change from freedom in desire to freedom from desire. Peo ple who live in Kajang have to start adapt to the new lifestyle, which is not only care about themselves o n earning money, chase for glory and place wealth in ultimate position. In reverse, people have to undergo lifestyle which have close relationship with environment and not damage the natural ecosystem for their own comfort.
v.
Improving the Environmental Quality
Most of the existing natural forest will be reserved in Kajang after the redesign development. From the well planned building orientation and reserved p laces for plantation, it is believe that air quality and atmosphere condition in Kajang are satisfactory. Besides that, together with the utilization of renewable energy and high technology for transport system which able to have zero emission of greenhouse gases, this will effectively ensure environment quality in Kajang is in good condition. However, environmental quality is not only about air quality, on the same water and land quality also need to be taken into consideration. Thus, high technology and engineered method should apply on solid waste management and water resources as well, to ensure good quality and minimum impact to water and land. Besides that, to give a new life for Kajang city, more plantations need to be plant along the road and street.
vi.
Privatisation of Public space
Public space in Kajang can be traced by the place where the residents came to meet, talk, trade and vote, intertwining the concept o f democracy and residences with public space. Access is therefore clearly a key component of public space, as is the question of who controls the space and determining who is or is not allowed to use it. Of course, ownership too, while not always the determining factor behind how a space is used and controlled, tends to play a central role. Today nearly all space is owned by somebody, it will be to government, private organisation, private individuals or financial institutions. We want Kajang to be a vibrant city for fashion, shopping, business, meetings, conventions and exhibitions. Additional o f facilities and services needs to be done by considering the necessary o f every resident in Kajang.
vii.
Shopping Development
The issue of sustainability has great relevance to retail environments. Many centres are designed to collect good natural light within the internal space to create a feeling of outdoor environment. The recurrent costs of a retail centre can be greatly reduced by energy efficient design and management practices. Passive solar design and the provision of cross ventilation are provided where appropriate however, due to the size and functional requirement of shopping centres and the need to provide a climactically stable environment for customers, such measures are often difficult to incorporate into design. Construction, operational and management measures which are energy efficient are playing a much greater role in conserving resources. Such measures include:
viii.
high shading coefficient and high thermal resistance glazing material is used to minimise heat transmission;
ix.
triphosphor lamps are used instead of the conventional fluorescent tubes;
x.
metal halide lamps to replace tungsten halogen;
xi.
circuit management of the lighting zones;
xii.
photo-cell control for external lighting;
xiii.
automatic on/off when the ambient illuminating level is required;
xiv.
power factor correction system;
xv.
building services (including air conditioning) which are fully programmable and can be updated to suit any changes to the building and maintain high energy efficiency
xvi.
Improving the Integrated Transportation System
To be a self reliance city, Kajang must have good and efficient public transport systems. The existing main road that connecting from other places in Kajang now are Kajang Dispersal Link Expressway, Cheras Kajang Expressway, North South Expressway and Kajang Seremban Expressway. While the public transport that connect the Kajang Town and the other city are commuter, Rapid KL buses, mini bus and taxis. So, we plan to improve the existing public transport system in Kajang. We would like to encourage the residents to use public transport or cycling at Kajang. To prevent the traffic congestion in Kajang, we have planned to provide the exclusive lanes for public transport which the buses or taxi will be separate with private cars and make it becomes more efficient public transport that capable to load more passengers, more efficient travel time and punctual. Then to minimize the environmental impact due to motorized, the tramline system which travel internally in Kajang was introduced. This tramline system is utilizing the electric energy as power of movement while the electricity generation is from hydrogen fuel cell and biomass. Both of sources of electric are renewable energy and cause harmless impact to environment, thus it is advisable solution for power supply of public transport. Example of tramline system used in the Europe countries.
xvii.
Riverfront As Recreational Area
Kajang is so special city because as we know Kajang areas have the river. So, we decide to transform the river become one of the specialities of Kajang and become the recreation centre. We will provide a jogging track with beautiful landscape at the river side that will rejuvenate the body and soul the visitor. Moreover, the environment and the health are inextricably linked, particularly
among low income urban populations. By paying greater attention to the built environment including homes, school, parks, transportation and community design, it can reduce instances of chronic disease such as diabetes and asthma. Being healthy means access to the resources needed to live a healthy life and many health resources are fundamentally dependent on the design of our neighbourhood environments. Accessible and safe parks are one essential ingredient to a healthy neighbourhood, providing a place to exercise, play, spend time with friend and neighbours or just relax and recuperate. So, we have planned to do the recreational parks near the river.
3.0 CONCLUSION
Urban renewal is a potential funding source to fulfill the City’s and the public’s vision for downtown and other urban renewal areas that may be considered in the future.Sustainability development can be help by planning and implementing urban renewal. It can help to stabilize neighbourhoods and commercial districts by assisting in the reinvestment of these areas, and by also focusing new development where it is most appropriate.