QUAID-E-AZAM QUAID- E-AZAM LAW COLLEGE, LAHORE LL.B (PART I) LAW OF TORT REMEDIES IN TORT
Q. Write a detailed !te ! re"edie# i t!rt#. ($%%&-A) Q. W'at d! ! der#tad * da"a+e# W'at are dieret id# ! da"a+e# ($%%/0 $%%1-A) ($%%&-A) T'e re"edie# a2aila*le !r a t!rt are ! t3! id# a) Judicial b) Extra-Judicial a) JUDI JUDICI CIAL AL REME REMEDI DIES ES 4di5ial re"edie# are t'e re"edie# t'at are a!rded * t'e C!rt# ! la3. T'e are !*taied * i#titti+ a #it i 5i2il 5!rt# !r t'e 6r6!#e. T'e are rt'er di2ided it! t'ree 5ate+!rie# 7) Da"a+e# $) I8 I85 5ti ti! !# 9) 06e5i 06e5ii5 i5 re#tit re#titti ti! ! ! ! 6r!6e 6r!6ert rt Da"a+e# ad I85ti!# are "erel t3! dieret !r"# ! re"edie# a+ai#t t'e #a"e 3r!+. 1) DAMAGES Da"a+e#, 3'i5' ter"# "ea# 'ere li:idated da"a+e# are 6ri"ar relie i a a5ti! !r a t!rt. Da"a+e# are #till rt'er 5la##iied it! dieret 5ate+!rie#; T!ES OF DAMAGES i) 1>). i i) COM!ENSATOR"ORDINAR DAM DAMAGES T'e ai" ! t'e 5!"6e#at!r da"a+e# i# t! 6t t'e 5lai"at *a5 i t'e 6!#iti! 'e?#'e 3!ld 'a2e *ee i ! t!rt 3a# 5!""itted i t'e ir#t 6la5e. It 5a *e a lar+e !r #"all #" ad t'e 6laiti@# !3 e#ti"ate i# re+arded a# "a=i"" li"it. iii) CONTEM!TOUS DA DAMAGES T'e#e are a3arded 3'ere t'e 5lai"at 'a# te5'i5all 6r!2e t'e 5a#e *t t'e 5!rt 3i#'e# t! #'!3 it# di#a66r!2al t'at t'e 5a#e 3a# e2er *r!+'t i t'e ir#t 6la5e .T'e #" a3arded i# #all t'e #"alle#t 5!i ! t'e real". i#) AGGRA$ATED DAMAGES T'e#e are a3arded 3'e t'e 5!rt 3at# t! e=6re## it@# di#a66r!2al ! t'e deedat# *e'a2i!r a# a re#lt ! 3'i5' t'e 5lai"at 'a# #ered "!re t'a
3!ld !r"all *e e=6e5ted i #5' #itati!#. T'e 5!rt "a tae it! a55!t t'e "aer i 3'i5' t'e t!rt 3a# 5!""itted i a##e##i+ da"a+e#. I it 3a# #5' a# t! i8re t'e 5lai"at# 6r!6er eeli+# ! di+it ad 6ride t'e a++ra2ated da"a+e# "a *e a3arded. A++ra2ated da"a+e# are #!lel 5!"6e#at!r, *t t'e are 'i+'er t'a 3!ld !r"all *e t'e 5a#e t! rele5t t'e +reater i8r t! t'e 5lai"at. #) !UNITI$E OR E%EM!LAR DAMAGES T'e#e are a3arded *a#i5all t! 6i#' t'e deedat rat'er t'a t! 5!"6e#ate t'e 6laiti. I Rookes v Barnard 7>1 AC 77$>, t'e H!#e ! L!rd# 'eld t'at, e=5e6t 3'ere #6e5ii5all at'!ried * #tatte, e=e"6lar da"a+e# #'!ld *e a3arded !l i t3! 5ate+!rie# ! 5a#e; a) O66re##i2e, ar*itrar !r 5!#titti!al a5ti! * #er2at# ! t'e +!2er"et. (l5!3 de2el!6"et at'!rit 2 M.F G6ta) *) W'ere t'e deedat# 5!d5t 'a# *ee 5al5lated * 'i" t! "ae a 6r!it !r 'i"#el.(4!' 2 MG< ltd) 5) E=e"6lar da"a+e# are at'!ried * t'e #tate it#el. E=e"6lar da"a+e# are #all a3arded !r iteti!al i8rie#.
MEASURES OF DAMAGES !r t'e 6r6!#e ! 5al5lati+ t'e a3ard da"a+e# are di2ided it! t3! id#; Geeral ad 06e5ial. (a) GE
T'ere i# a #e5!d ad "5' "!re 5!""!l #ed "eai+ ! t'e di#ti5ti! *et3ee +eeral da"a+e# ad #6e5ial da"a+e#. I 6ra5ti5e, l!##e# t'at are 5a6a*le ! *ei+ 5al5lated 3it' rea#!a*le a55ra5 are 6leaded a# #6e5ial da"a+e#. Ie=a5t !r li:idated l!##e# (alt'!+' t'e are !t 6re#"ed ad t'ere!re "#t *e 6leaded) are 5!"6e#ated * a a3ard ! +eeral da"a+e#. !r e=a"6le, i a 6er#!al i8rie# a5ti!, a55red e=6e#e# #5' a# da"a+ed 5l!t'i+, "edi5al e=6e#e# ad l!## ! eari+# t! t'e date ! trial are #6e5ial da"a+e#. Pai ad #eri+ ad l!## ! a"eit (ad 6r!#6e5ti2e l!## ! eari+#) are treated a# +eeral da"a+e#. (2i) DAMAGE0 I< ACTIO< TO PER0O
Pecuniary loss is the damage that is capable of being directly calculated in money terms. The commonest example is loss of earnings, both actual and future, but it includes all other expenses attributable to the tort, such as medical expenses, traveling expenses, the cost of special equipment or of employing someone to carry out domestic duties which the claimant is no longer able to perform, or loss of pension rights, Accrued and future medical expenses.
C!#e:etial e=6e#e# ii) C!#t ! 5are iii) l!## ! eari+# (*)
0!"eti"e# t'e 5lai"at re:ire# a re"ed 3'i5' 3ill d! "!re t'a #i"6l 6r!2ide ia5ial 5!"6e#ati!. T'ere "a al#! *e 5ir5"#ta5e# i 3'i5' t'ere i# a eed t! 6re2et re6leti! ! t'e 3r!+l a5t#. I85ti! i# a e:ita*le re"ed ad 5a *e a3arded i additi! t! da"a+e# i a66r!6riate 5a#e#. I85ti!# 5a *e "adat!r !r 6r!'i*it!r. Fel#e 2 I"6erial T!*a55! C! (7>/). An injunction is an equitable remedy though note that a number of statutes confer a jurisdiction to grant injunctions, e.g., the Protection from !arassment Act "##$%, and as such it is a discretionary remedy. A number of factors will be ta&en into account in deciding whether to exercise the discretion' ( An injunction will not be granted where damages would be an adequate remedy, nor, possibly, where the harm to the claimant from the tort is trivial that is the claimant must prove damage or apprehended damage. )ondon and blac&wall *y v +ross% ( f it is impossible for the defendant to comply with the order i t will not be granted, but the fact that the defendant will be put to considerable trouble and expense does not ma&e it impossible to comply. ( The conduct of the parties may be ta&en into account. 3 SPECIFIC RESTITUTION
This is remedy for a person who is wrongfully disposed of his immovable-movable property is entitled to recover it. /,#,"0 1 "" of pecific *elief Act "/$
%$(2) EXTRA-JUDICIAL REMEDIES *emedies available to injured party in certain cases by his own acts alone are these as there is no role of the courts. "% 23P4)5N 56 T*2PA2* A person can expel a trespasser or a trespassing animal from his land. 7% *e82NT*9 5N )AN:
A person wrongfully dispossessed can re8enter on land and if he does he cannot be sued for trespass by the other party. ;% *2+APT5N f a person ta&es away the goods of another on his land , he gives to their owner an implied license to enter for the purpose of recaption. <% A=AT2>2NT 56 N4AN+2 An occupier of the land may after previous notice , enter upon land of another for the purpose of removing nuisance. =ut such removal should be? Peaceful, without danger to )ife or limb, after notice to remove the same @% :T*2 :A>A2 62AANT f damage has been done to land of a person by animals or goods left unattended the occupier may retain these until any damage done by them has been paid off.
C(clu*i(
BOOF0 RECOMME
