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CONCRETE
600-800 MJ/ton
WOOD
Cut wood Multilayer board
500 MJ/ton 4000 MJ/ton
GLASS
15700 MJ/ton
STEEL
21000 MJ/ton
(from scrap)
11000 MJ/ton
ALUMINUM (recycled)
164000 MJ/ton 18000 MJ/ton
PLASTICS HDPE
81000 MJ/ton
Data taken from a lecture by Prof. K. Scrivener, EPFL, Switzerland, 2005
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Wilma, Octubre 2005, cat 5, wind 250 kph
Rita, Septiembre 2005, cat 5, wind 250 k.p.h, No. 5
Dennis, Julio 2005, cat. 4, wind 240 kph
To design and build disaster safe houses…
Gustav, August 2008, cat. 4, wind 240 kph
Ike, September 2008, cat. 4, wind 230 kph
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MAIN REACTION
+
H2O
+ CSH
Portland cement
Portlandite (lime )
SECONDARY REACTION
+
Lime
Pozzolan (admixture)
CSH
Normal concrete
15 – 35 MPa
Up to 50% pozzolan
Medium strength concrete
35 –60 MPa
15% - 35% pozzolan
Since 1980 cement replacement materials have been used...
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