Single RAN made simple managing site and frequency ev managing evolution olution to tomorrow’s tomorrow’ s mobile broadband world
White paper
Contents 02 Executive Summary:
Simplifying Energy Solutions networks to reduce costs
Executive Summary: Simplifying networks to reduce costs
04 Evolving to the mobile
broadband world 05 The changing demands on
frequency use 08 Evolving to software-dened
site capabilities 11 Transport Evolution 13 Managing the Evolution 14 Conclusion: The single RAN
for today and tomorrow 15 Glossary
Rapidly rising demand for wider coverage and ever more bandwidth places severe pressure on communications service providers (CSPs). A range of different radio technologies needs to be catered for, while ever more frequency allocations make it even more complex to control and reduce costs. Protecting existing investments is vital, as is the need to simplify networks. Meeting all these demands is a tall order. The solution is Nokia Siemens Networks Single RAN, a combination of common base station (BTS) and controller (BSC/RNC) platforms for all mobile technologies and a software only evolution toward LTE. Our holistic approach, known as Network of One, is
about boosting efciency and experience. From a network point of view this is largely achieved with our Single RAN offering which aims to simplify radio access network by reducing the apparent complexity of multiple network layers. A key element in Single RAN is the Nokia Siemens Networks Flexi BTS. Its software-dened radio capability enables a Flexi BTS to provide all radio technologies from one base station making it truly an agnostic investment. Similarly, Flexi BTS comes with integrated IP/Ethernet transport interfaces that enable a smooth migration to IP transport through a software upgrade.
HSPA Nokia Siemens Networks Single RAN
LTE HSPA+ EDGE
EDGE
Figure 1: Single RAN boosts efciency by integrating formerly separated network layers
2
Single RAN made simple
Mobile broadband tomorrow
Large capacity for urban areas
Nationwide
Coverage
Coverage expectation as with voice (i.e. GSM-like coverage) Dramatic increase in bandwidth demand in urban areas (DSL-like bandwidth ) Figure 2: Two broadband opportunities – urban and rural
Managing the complete network as its capabilities evolve is made simple by Nokia Siemens Networks NetAct™ and Self Organizing Network (SON) functionality. This common Operational Support System (OSS) optimizes all components and services across radio, transport and core networks as new technologies are adopted and capacity is expanded. With the continued growth of mobile broadband data volumes, frequency
spectrum remains the ultimate scarce resource. CSPs need to optimize overall spectral efciency across all their frequency bands. This entails the introduction of LTE in new frequency bands, as well as the refarming and the optimization of spectral efciency within 2G and 3G deployments. In this white paper we examine the main aspects that need to be considered to achieve the necessary network simplication.
Single RAN made simple
3
Evolving to the mobile . broadband world From the devices point of view, the further spread of WCDMA and the future spread of LTE will take years until they reach the penetration of GSM. Thus, we are facing a long period in which the three technologies will coexist. During this period, Single RAN will help CSPs to manage complexity and increase efciency.
frequency bands can achieve. UMTS 900 can provide about a 2.8 times (gure 4) larger cell area than WCDMA 2100.
There are two key criteria for a CSP to consider when analyzing the most effective way to evolve to WCDMA/HSPA or LTE: the strategies for frequency evolution and for site evolution.
Site evolution strategy Base stations continue to get smaller yet offer higher performance. One of the most signicant advances in base station technology is a exible platform that supports multiple radio access technologies in a single RAN concept, through the use of software-dened radio running on multistandard baseband and RF hardware. Advances in power amplier technology, discussed later in this paper, will drive the development of cost-optimized modular site solutions that are smaller and lighter than ever.
Frequency evolution strategy An increasing number of radio bands are being allocated for mobile networks. In addition, the traditional GSM band is being considered for use by WCDMA and LTE technologies as a means of expanding broadband coverage cost-effectively and to provide better indoor coverage than the higher
Refarming part of the current GSM 900 bandwidth to WCDMA enables CSPs to deploy HSPA, or HSPA+, with more efcient radio and network architectures.
These developments enable CSPs to re-use previous infrastructure investments as part of their evolution strategy. Real value is achieved by adopting a common platform that can be evolved to higher performance and ever higher energy efciency. Energy saving, which brings clear operational cost benets, is also crucial for environmentally sustainable solutions. Mobile CSPs have an opportunity to build their brand as an environmentally responsible organization by utilizing the latest developments in energy efcient products that consume less power and cause less CO2 emissions.
High performance LTE
• High peak rates up to 173 Mbps, in the rst release, achieved with efcient OFDMA radio access and wide bandwidth • Low latency (round trip delays of 10-20 ms) • Cost-effective handling of volume data trafc (excellent spectral efciency) • Scalable bandwidth from 1.4 up to 20 MHz and exible spectrum allocation. LTE can also be deployed in the low-bandwidth frequency bands, thus enabling refarming of GSM frequencies • LTE supports the MIMO antenna system which increases data rate and cell-edge performance
4
Single RAN made simple
The changing demands . on frequency use Radio spectrum is limited and needs to be managed as efciently as possible. The entire wireless industry depends on the availability of spectrum in which to operate its service. The pressure on this precious resource is intense owing to the rapid growth in mobile broadband services, which have great potential to boost the economy, quality of life and social development, especially in underserved rural areas. Policies governing the use of spectrum, as well as the way it is packaged, sold, licensed and traded, are critically important. The harmonization of spectrum use, both regionally and globally, may be challenging, but bring major rewards. The benets of harmonized frequency bands and band plans include: • Higher network quality because of lower potential for radio interference • Eliminates fragmented markets • Achieves huge economies of scale • Creates a wide choice of service providers and devices for consumers • Maximizes the total economic value for the industry and its customers • Enables roaming for easier mobility across geographical regions
Flexible spectrum harmonization Communications is characterized by rapid technology and business development. Spectrum policy and licensing needs to be exible to support new services, technologies and business models. The convergence of the telecoms, internet and broadcast sectors in particular create new regulatory challenges for the management of spectrum to avoid radio interference and maximize spectrum efciency.
Dividing spectrum into separate subbands for similar types of use (such as broadcasting, mobile or xed satellite applications) is an important technical condition for managing spectrum resources efciently. For consumers, harmonized spectrum brings more choice of device brands/models and economies of scale resulting in lower device prices. In addition, harmonization supports roaming in different countries and between different networks inside one country.
More exible spectrum licensing Until relatively recently, regulatory practice has been to dene license conditions very closely, with licenses being tied to specic technologies (for example in Europe GSM900 licenses were tied to GSM technology). Increasingly today, more open license conditions are being pursued, enabling CSPs to use different technologies, and even change technology without needing to have their license re-issued. This development allows more exibility and a more dynamic market to ourish. This development allows more exibility and a more dynamic market to ourish and emphasize the need of software dened evolution with Single RAN.
Governments and network operators also benet from easier cross-border co-ordination and better spectral efciency within one country owing to the elimination of the need for empty spectrum (guard bands) between networks operating in adjacent channels.
• Increases the potential for roaming revenues
Single RAN made simple
5
Co-ordinated usage of FDD and TDD in the same spectrum 3GPP dened several frequency bands for FDD and TDD operation (gure 3). Most of the operating networks around the globe are FDD, which provide a 3dB improvement of the link budget over TDD, partly due to its separate transmit and receive frequency bands.
TDD is more suited to achieving capacity over shorter ranges than providing wide area coverage. Furthermore, TDD requires timesynchronization of both Base Stations (BS) and Mobile Stations (MS) in the network. There are signicant engineering challenges associated with operating TDD and FDD in adjacent channels, making these duplex access methods impractical to mix in the same spectrum band. The possibility of a transmitting TDD terminal being in close proximity
E-UTRA Band
Total [MHz]
Furthermore, every FDD-TDD boundary requires a guard band (unused spectrum), which in turn reduces the amount of available spectrum for carrying trafc. In particular, a narrow spectrum band of a few tens of MHz makes it inefcient to accommodate both TDD and FDD. Refarming to the traditional GSM band Higher frequency bands (> 2 GHz) are well suited to providing large capacity. Lower spectrum bands have favorable propagation characteristics and are therefore excellent for covering wide areas and providing cost-effective indoor penetration.
Uplink [MHz]
Downlink [MHz]
1
2X60
1920-1980
2110-2170
FDD
UMTS core
2
2X60
1850-1910
1930-1990
FDD
US PCS
3
2X75
1710-1785
1805-1880
FDD
1800
4
2X45
1710-1755
2110-2155
FDD
US AWS
5
2X25
824-849
869-894
FDD
US 850
6
2X10
830-840
875-885
FDD
Japan 800
7
2X70
2500-2570
2620-2690
FDD
2600
8
2X35
880-915
925-960
FDD
900
9
2X35
1749.9-1784.9 1844.9-1879.9
FDD
Japan 1700
10
2X60
1710-1770
2110-2170
FDD
Extended AWS
11
2X25
1427.9-1452.9
1475.9-1500.9
FDD
Japan 1500
13
2X10
777-787
746-756
FDD
US upper 700 MHz
17
2X10
704-716
734-746
FDD
US lower 700 MHz
20
2X30
832-862
791-821
FDD
EU 800 MHz Digital Dividend
33
1X20
1900-1920
1900-1920
TDD
UMTS Core TDD
34
1X15
2010-2025
2010-2025
TDD
UMTS Core TDD
35
1X60
1850-1910
1850-1910
TDD
US (TDD alternative to FDD)
36
1X60
1930-1990
1930-1990
TDD
US (TDD alternative to FDD)
37
1X20
1900-1930
1900-1930
TDD
US
38
1X50
2570-2620
2570-2620
TDD
2600 TDD
39
1X40
1800-1920
1800-1920
TDD
China UMTS TDD
40
1X100
2300-2400
2300-2400
TDD
China
Figure 3: Main LTE frequency variants in 3GPP
6
to a receiving FDD terminal places severe requirements on the ltering performance and adjacent channel spectrum masks, complicating equipment implementation considerably.
Single RAN made simple
Nokia Siemens Networks achieves exceptionally high spectral efciency, especially when WCDMA is refarmed to the GSM band, that increases voice capacity by up to ve times with interference reduction features and unique features such as DFCA (Dynamic Frequency Channel Allocation) and OSC (Orthogonal Sub Channel). OSC alone doubles voice capacity and is an innovation driven by Nokia Siemens Networks. For further information, please refer to the OSC technology brief “Doubling GSM voice capacity with the Orthonogal Sub Channel”.
WCDMA 2100 MHz
WCDMA 900 MHz
2.8 x greater coverage
Figure 4: WCDMA Refarming
WCDMA and LTE refarming into the GSM 900MHz band increases coverage, which is especially benecial in bringing mobile broadband to underserved rural areas that are too costly to reach with higher frequency band technologies. At 900 MHz only a third of the number of 2100 MHz base stations are needed to achieve the same coverage. Fewer base stations dramatically reduce network rollout and operational costs, improving the rural broadband business case considerably. However, in refarming adequate service should be ensured in GSM with spectral efciency features, like OSC.
The uplink connection is the limiting factor in the interference between adjacent GSM and UMTS systems due to GSM UE limited power control. The improved Flexi BTS ltering reduces the interference from GSM UE to UMTS uplink enabling WCDMA deployment in 4.2 MHz rather than a standard deployment of 5.4 MHz (guard band included).
Power
Modulated WCDMA Carrier
4.2 MHz
Frequency
5 MHz
Figure 5: Flexi BTS advanced ltering
Single RAN made simple
7
Evolving to software-dened . site capabilities When GSM and early WCDMA were introduced, sites were based on base stations housed in cabinets. Each technology had its own dedicated hardware which resulted in bulky installations and signicant feeder losses with lengthy feeders being needed to connect the antennas. In addition, these installations suffered relatively high power consumption and needed frequent site visits for capacity and functionality upgrades. Nokia Siemens Networks have translated the continuous progress of silicon technology into the highest integrated base station on the market Compared to cabinet-based installations, our Flexi BTS platform has made innovative site models possible, such as distributed and modular architectures due to its lightweight and extreme compact design. In the future, mobile networks will depend on software-dened radio with advanced baseband and radio capabilities able to concurrently run more then one radio access technology (Multiradio) in the same band and at the same time. Such solutions will dramatically reduce the cost per bit. Cost per bit can be further reduced through the deployment of at network architecture, small and modular
8
Single RAN made simple
equipment, and cost-optimized site models. Flat architectures introduced by the Nokia Siemens Networks I-HSPA solution have been shown to reduce overall total cost of ownership by about 10 percent with fewer RNC and SGSN capacity expansions needed to meet high data trafc demands. This rapid and ongoing evolution of site technology is putting mobile CSPs in an excellent position to select the best way to upgrade their mobile radio and transport networks efciently to the next level: the mobile broadband experience. Means of securing investment and efciency CSPs have made huge investments over the years in their network infrastructure, deploying cabinets, power backup systems, antenna lines and other hardware. Some of this installed equipment is at, or is nearing its end of life, creating an opportunity to invest efciently in mobile broadband, while also re-using as much existing infrastructure as possible to protect the bottom line.
The 3GPP standard denes the HSDPA and HSUPA radio interface (3GPP R5 and R6), adding complexity and performance requirements to the
existing installed base. However, by choosing adaptable base station hardware, many CSPs have been able to modernize their network through simple software upgrades. This is a great example of how CSPs can minimize capital costs and protect their previous investments while expanding into new technologies and services based on HSPA. A similar pattern lies ahead with LTE. Through the deployment of common platforms with multiple radio access technology capabilities, eliminates the need for dedicated hardware for each technology. Modular, multiradio, exible and efcient base stations promise to solve many future challenges for CSPs. Modular base station designs are the foundation of efcient long-term investments. The same is true for 2G and 3G radio network controllers (RNC) which, with a common platform, can evolve through software upgrades The use of multi-controller platforms enables the GERAN to be upgraded smoothly to the UTRAN type of network, bringing a new level of performance to radio controllers to support high peak rate data connections.
Modular Site Architecture Large, centralized BTS cabinets have high power consumption and restrict installation options due to their large size and weight. Modular base station architecture has changed the way that networks are built and operated, and revolutionized the costs. The Nokia Siemens Networks Flexi Multiradio BTS, is capable of delivering sites at 80 percent lower costs than traditional cabinet-based BTSs and with up to 30 percent fewer sites required in the network.
The SM accommodates all the processing power and the transport interfaces to the core network. The RF Module, which hosts the power ampliers, is connected to the antenna system with standard RF cables. The two units communicate with each other via a standard optical interface which enables exible installation. These highly efcient base stations can now be accommodated easily almost anywhere, or even distributed over a surface separating the baseband from the radio module. Locating the entire base station as close as possible to the antenna connectors brings improved radio performance, with better coverage compared to centralized cabinet designs. The savings generated by such feederless installations are estimated to be up to 25 percent, owing to fewer sites being needed to provide coverage. Their compact size also speeds up network implementation and considerably increases the success of gaining site permissions from local authorities and property owners. Further savings are achieved through extreme low power consumption, which not only lessens the CSP’s operational costs but also contributes to lower CO2 emissions.
Figure 6: Flexi Multiradio BTS in a 6-sector site conguration
With modular site architecture, base station functionalities are divided into two main functional blocks: • Baseband Unit or System Module (SM) • Radio Frequency Unit or RF Module (RF)
With such all-encompassing benets, modular architecture is the must-have site solution of any new deployed base station. Multi-technology base stations The SM provides the processing power and intelligence needed to handle cellular transmissions. Base stations
GSM or DCS band
WCDMA/ HSPA
GSM/EDGE
Figure 7: Multi-carrier power amplier concept
that provide more than one radio access technology with software-dened capabilities from the same unit are much more suited to today’s and tomorrow’s demands than dedicated hardware and ad-hoc software. The concurrent operation of networks, in which two cellular systems share a baseband unit, enables CSPs to deliver WCDMA/HSPA services today and, when available, LTE broadband services without any major infrastructure investment. This concurrent and multi-standard mode of operating base stations brings even more benets when combined with advanced RF units, which can handle multiple technologies at the same time. A concept called Multi Carrier Power Amplier, MCPA, is becoming a vital technology for operating several radio access technologies on frequency bands 850/900/1800/1900 MHz. The same technology may need to be deployed on more than one frequency band, requiring base stations that can support multiple technologies on different bands concurrently. Radio components, however, cannot support innite bandwidth so several RF modules will need to be made available according the different bands in each market.
Single RAN made simple
9
Nokia Siemens Networks Flexi BTS platform supports multiple technologies, enabling CSPs to use the same efcient site solution for GSM, WCDMA and LTE. Introducing new technology through software upgrades enables: • Fast rollout of capacity extensions, features and new technologies • Substantially reduced number of site visits • Fast time to revenue
Multi-Carrier Power Ampliers The main function of the RF Module is to amplify a low-power signal to enable it to be used for radio transmission. In GSM traditional power ampliers are designed to transmit over a carrier per time. So, a transmitter (TRX) is required for each frequency. From the very beginning of 3GPP R99 standardization multi-carrier power ampliers have been dened for WCDMA systems.
The MCPA is based on the idea of transmitting multiple carriers, wideband or narrowband, simultaneously with a single power amplier. The term ‘Multicarrier base station (MCBTS)’ derives from the 3GPP GERAN organization, which is responsible for dening appropriate RF performance requirements for multicarrier scenarios in GSM. Currently, only the single-carrier base station is described by the GERAN specication and this would, if left unchanged, restrict the design of MCPA equipment. For this reason, transmitter and receiver specications need to be relaxed with regard to compliance with modulation requirements, spurious emission (transmitter side) and blocking on the receiver side. Two classes of equipment have been specied covering two different levels of relaxation. The multistandard base station (MSR BTS) derives from 3GPP RAN4 which studies the coexistence of one or more radio access technologies in the same band. 3GPP dened two categories for FDD:
10
Single RAN made simple
• Category 1: Bands without GSM presence, e.g. WCDMA/LTE • Category 2: Bands with GSM presence, e.g. GSM/WCDMA/LTE 3GPP has dened a third category for TDD band with TD-SCDMA and TD-LTE presence.
RF architecture evolution In order to meet the needs of CSPs and their demands for i nstallation exibility, RF unit design is evolving in two directions: • Multisector Integration levels or commonly known as RF modules. In a standard 19” and 25 liters module, CSPs can benet from the most integrated and compact 3-sector site solution. This solution enables zerofootprint, feederless and very adaptive installations. The module may be equipped with Single or Multicarrier power ampliers featuring 3 radio technologies in 1. With a nominal power of 210W to be spread across three sectors, the RF module is the optimal solution for GSM/WCDMA/ LTE base station sites which are easier to install and more likely to be granted planning permission. • Single Sector based or Remote Radio Head (RRH) which are power ampliers, single or multicarrier, outdoor capable and optimized for single sector solution.
The base band unit, in both options, can be accommodated anywhere, provided it is outdoor capable, and connected via a ber optic link without affecting link budgets or radio performance. A compact, outdoor-capable base band unit such as the Nokia Siemens Networks Flexi Base Station, provides the greatest exibility in evolving existing base station sites. A future development may be that of active antenna technology, which integrates the functionality of a base station’s active radio frequency components and passive antenna into one enclosure. Active antennas evolve traditional radiating systems into smart antennas with beam forming features that improve network capacity. Another benecial development is MIMO technology, which has come to prominence with the development of HSPA. MIMO is a powerful method for increasing data rates and cell-edge performance. LTE introduces MIMO in the terminal and network specication from the very rst release. The rst step is MIMO 2x2, which requires two transmitters and two receivers, and is implemented using RRH or RF modules and a cross polarized antenna. Sites suitable for deploying MIMO should have cross polarized antennas and the capability for a software upgrade. If not, deploying MIMO 2x2 will require a site visit for major improvement, as will be the case for MIMO 4x4 implementation.
Transport Evolution With the increasing adoption of broadband data services, trafc loads in mobile networks are rising dramatically. Mobile CSPs face the challenge of providing much more capacity within their transport networks and doing it not only ahead of the wave of demand from data services, but at a cost that will maintain protability. I-HSPA and LTE are inherently IP-based technologies for data-dominated trafc. For this reason it is vital that base stations provide Ethernet interfaces, making them ready for evolution to IP-based transport solutions. Simply adding E1 leased lines to increase capacity is not economically viable because doubling the capacity means doubling the cost. A new architecture needs to be adopted to break this linear relationship between capacity and cost. The evolutionary path for most CSPs to migrate smoothly to all-Ethernet mobile backhaul is via an intermediate hybrid backhaul network.
c i s s a l C
This is likely to be the most costeffective evolutionary path for existing CSPs, although some greeneld CSPs may have the opportunity to build a full packet-based backhaul network from scratch. The hybrid backhaul solution, known also as Dual Iub, is based on packet transport for bandwidth-hungry data services over HSPA. Packet-based transport is the key technology for next-generation mobile networks.
Nokia Siemens Networks Flexi BTS offers integrated IP transport features that eliminate the need for external equipment, reducing the amount of hardware required on site. Site installation is easier and faster, with fewer upgrades needed. IP transport can be activated just through software.
The transition to packet backhaul brings the challenge of time synchronization to microsecond accuracy. The need for such high accuracy has led to the development of a solution for synchronizing base stations over packet networks. Known as Timing over Packet based on Precision Time Protocol PTP (PTP, IEEE 1588v2), the solution provides simplied, cost-effective and future-proof mobile network synchronization.
E1/T1
E1/T1 d i r b y H
t e k c a P
Ethernet
Ethernet
Figure 8: Mobile backhaul evolution
Single RAN made simple
11
Base Station
Packet Network RNC Timing packets (unicast)
1588 master
Base Station Figure 9: Timing over Packet solution
There are two additional options for synchronization: • Synchronous Ethernet (ITU-T G.8261/2/4) • TDM-based synchronization Synchronous Ethernet is implemented mainly on various access and aggregation platforms. The drawback of this standard is that it must be supported at every hop along the chain of nodes between the switching ofce and the cell site. TDM-based
12
Single RAN made simple
synchronization, the traditional approach, is compatible with packet networks providing existing SDH networks are upgraded to Next Generation SDH. However, PTP and Synchronous Ethernet should not be regarded as being contradictory, rather they complement each other. It is also essential that overall site design remains lean, with transport requirements that do not entail external boxes being installed at the base station site.
2MHz/2Mbps GPS
Managing the Evolution The evolution of radio networks has raised new challenges in an already competitive market. Having several network layers increases the overall complexity. Managing this complexity requires Operational Support Systems (OSS) that feature a common system for monitoring, measuring and conguring networks and services. The OSS must also be exible to support a high level of integration of different architectures in mobile CSPs’ infrastructure. A good example of how an OSS can meet these new challenges is the case of WCDMA frequency refarming to the traditional GSM band. The aim of refarming is to move the WCDMA network to the 900 MHz band, and run it in parallel with the existing cellular network, typically GSM based or WCDMA, at another frequency layer. Smooth transition depends on system-level support to optimize the interoperability between the different system and frequency layers. With refarming it is vitally important to be able to operate the new radio system in
as narrow a slot as possible in order to control interference between co-existing systems. This type of coordinated network deployment requires efcient hardware modules with sharp ltering and a exible OSS that can treat the two technologies as a whole. Further automation of recurrent and time-consuming tasks to improve network performance comes in the form of the Self-Organizing Network (SON), which can be integrated into the OSS. An important building block of the SON network is the self-management area, including self-conguration, self-optimization and self-healing. For example, with the introduction of LTE, the planning of neighboring cells and their mutual interaction will be performed automatically. LTE networks will be then auto-congurable and self-optimizing using statistically reliable data derived from measurements collected by terminals. The aim is to reduce human interaction and effort during network build, operation and maintenance phases in order to accelerate operational activities and to decouple processes between manufacturer, eld service and CSP.
World-rst WCDMA refarming
Nokia Siemens Networks NetAct manages the complete network, from the services delivered across radio, transport and core. This powerful tool meets the challenges of expansion due to data trafc increase by managing and optimizing all components in a single management system. The CSP needs fewer staff, with correspondingly less training investment to operate the whole network. NetAct Optimizer is designed for automated, measurement-based optimization of operational GSM, GPRS and WCDMA network performance and capacity. Such automation and real-time result monitoring reduces the need for expensive drive test verication. During the world’s rst WCDMA refarming project, by Elisa in Finland, NetAct was used to optimize the frequencies of the existing GSM network to successfully deploy WCDMA into the same frequency area.
Nokia Siemens Networks solutions: Benets in brief Compact Flexi BTS platform
• Low site costs
Energy efciency
• Compact size opens up new site options
• Lower OPEX and low cost of ancillary equipment
• High capacity BTS sites
• Supports off-grid power supplies
• RF Module or RRH - the future for network deployments
• No active cooling, lower maintenance
• Distributed modular architecture
Transport with standardized Sync
• Multiradio, multi-technology and multi-standard modules
• Standardized Synchronization solutions, ToP
• No cabinets means low capital and operational costs
• Transport features software upgrades for migration from E1 to IP
Software-based evolution
NetAct – best-in-class
• Eliminates the need for new hardware for technology migration
• Supports multiple technologies and multi-vendor networks
• Protects existing investments
• LTE ready
• Future-proof hardware
• Supports interworking of different radio access technologies
• LTE hardware ready now
Single RAN made simple
13
Conclusion: The single RAN for . today and tomorrow Making the best and most efcient use of available spectrum ultimately demands a technological evolution of base station sites. Innovation is needed to optimize the total cost of ownership (TCO) for CSPs in four key areas:
The lowest TCO will be achieved by making the greatest re-use of existing installations, by deploying modular BTS designs to extend into new frequency bands, and by adopting software-based technologies for radio, transport and OSS.
• Antenna equipment • Radio frequency and base band infrastructure • Backhaul • Operational Support System
14
Single RAN made simple
The concept of the single RAN is available today and is being evolved to bring further capabilities to CSPs.
Glossary 2G 3G 3GPP AWS BSC BSS BTS CDMA CO2 CSP DCS DFCA DSL EDGE FDD GERAN GPRS GPS GSM HSDPA HSPA HSPA+ HSUPA IEEE I-HSPA IP LTE MCBTS
2nd generation mobile communications 3rd generation mobile communications 3rd Generation Partnership Project Advanced Wireless Service Base Station Controller Base Station Subsystem Base Transceiver Station Code Division Multiple Access Carbon dioxide Communications Service Provider Digital Cellular System Dynamic Frequency Channel Allocation Digital Subscriber Line Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution Frequency Division Duple Gsm/Edge Radio Access Network General Packet Radio Service Global Positioning System Global System for Mobile Communications High-Speed Downlink Packet Access High-Speed Packet Access High-Speed Packet Acces Evolution High-Speed Uplink Packet Access The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc Internet High-Speed Packet Acces Internet Protocol Long-Term Evolution Multicarrier Base Station
MCPA MIMO OFDMA OPEX OSC OSS PCS PDH PTP RAN RF RNC RRH SDH SGSN SON TCO TDD TD-LTE TDM TD-SCDMA ToP TRX UE UTRAN WCDMA
Multi Carrier Power Amplier Multiple Input Multiple Output Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access Operating Expenditure Orthogonal Sub Channel Operation Support Systems Personal Communication Services Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy Precision Time Protocol Radio Access Network Radio Frequency Radio Network Controller Remote Radio Head Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Serving GPRS Support Node Self Organizing Network Total Cost of Ownership Time Division Duplex Time Division Long-Term Evolution Time-Division Multiplexing Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access Timing over Packet Transceiver User Equipment Umts Terrestrial Radio Access Network Wideband CDMA
Single RAN made simple
15
Nokia Siemens Networks Corporation P.O. Box 1 FI-02022 NOKIA SIEMENS NETWORKS Finland Visiting address: Karaportti 3, ESPOO, Finland Switchboard +358 71 400 4000 (Finland) Copyright © 2009 Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved.
A license is hereby granted to download and print a copy of this document for personal use only. No other license to any other intellectual property rights is granted herein. Unless expressly permitted herein, reproduction, transfer, distribution or storage of part or all of the contents in any form without the prior written permission of Nokia Siemens Networks is prohibited. The content of this document is provided “AS IS”, without warranties of any kind with regards its accuracy or reliability, and specically excluding all implied warranties, for example of merchantability, tness for purpose, title and non-infringement. In no event shall Nokia Siemens Networks be liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages, or any damages whatsoever resulting form loss of use, data or prots, arising out of or in connection with the use of the document. Nokia Siemens Networks reserves the right to revise the document or withdraw it at any time without prior notice. Nokia is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation, Siemens is a registered trademark of Siemens AG.The wave logo is a trademark of Nokia Siemens Networks Oy. Other company and product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks of their respective owners, and they are mentioned for identication purposes only.
Product code. C401-00519-WP-200910-1-EN Nokia Siemens Networks - Alphabet Consulting
www.nokiasiemensnetworks.com
