Welding seam Radiography interpretation. it explain the defect of the weld metal and area.
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Radiographic Film Interpretat Inter pretation ion of Welds Welds ASNT Saudi Arabian Section Jim Carswell
Interpretation/perception Welding processes process es Appearance and classification classification of defects Review acceptance criteria:
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ASME B31.1 API 1104 1104 AWS AWS D1.1 •
Interpret radiographs
Afternoon 1:00pm 4:00pm 4:00pm –
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Interpret radiographs
This presentation reviews the process of detecting, detecting, classifying classifying and evaluating to acceptance criteria discernable defects on radiographic film.
Factors affecting Interpretation Heredity/Genetics Hered ity/Genetics and visual perception
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Can you see it? What do you see?
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Perception Distortion Illusion Detection
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Perception
Distortion
Illusion
Detection
How many faces can you detect?
There are eleven faces Scoring: 1-4 8 9 10 11
average extraordinary above average very observant extremely observant observ ant
Factors affecting Interpretation •
Heredity/Genetics and visual perception
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Condition of the human eye •
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Eye examinations 20/40 Wear your glasses/contacts, if scratched replace.
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Factors affecting Interpretation •
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Heredity/Genetics and visual perception Condition of the human eye
Equipment
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Viewer/densitometer Viewing conditions Tools
Factors affecting Interpretation •
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Heredity/Genetics and visual perception Condition of the human eye Equipment Film and radiographic techniques Discussing throughout •
When in doubt Ask for 2nd opinion Re-shoot Grind & re-shoot
Radiography
Contact - DWSV
Elliptical - DWDV
Single wall single view
Radiographic film
Film processing
Results: good technique
Welding Joining materials at the atomic/molecular level
Welding equipment Welding is generated by an electric arc
Terminology
Five Basic Weld Joints
Common Welding Processes Used In The Petrochemical Industry •
(Shielded Metal Arc Welding) Welding) SMAW (Shielded
Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) Welding is generated by an electric arc established between the flux covered electrode and the base metal and melts the two together.
Benefits of the electrode coating Arc stabilization Provides gas shielding decomposition decomposition of cellulose and limestone De-oxidation of weld pool Strengthens the weld - adds alloying elements Increases deposition by adding iron filler Slag provides oxide barrier for solidifying metal Slag provides thermal insulation of the cooling weld
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Common defects associated with SMAW Porosity Cracks Slag Incomplete fusion Incomplete penetration Burn through Lack of fill Root concavity Undercut Excessive penetration The SMAW SMAW process is almost totally operator dependant •
Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) Welding is generated by an electric arc between a continuously fed solid wire consumable and the base metal
Common defects associated with GMAW Porosity Cracks Incomplete fusion Undercut lack of fill Incomplete penetration
The GMAW process is automated, semi-automated and machine.
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Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) Welding is generated by an electric arc between a tungsten electrode, a solid wire consumable and the base metal.
Common defects associated with GTAW Porosity Tungsten inclusions Cracks Incomplete fusion Undercut The GTAW process is almost totally operator dependant
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Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) Welding is generated by an electric arc between a continuously fed solid wire consumable consumable and the base metal while totally submerged in a protective flux.
Common defects associated with SAW Porosity Cracks Slag Incomplete fusion The GMAW GMAW process is automated, semi-automated s emi-automated and machine.
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Welding Defects
Common causes of defects Welder-technique Cleaning Joint preparation Joint design
Film Handling And Processing Defects Scratches Finger prints Crimp marks Light Leaks Chemical Stains Roller Marks & Artifacts
Scratches
Chemical Stains
Light Leaks
Static Marks
Store film upright
Artifacts
Water marks
Crimp marks
CODES & STANDARDS
in the petrochemical industry
What is the purpose for Codes & Standards? They ensure uniform practices throughout industry
Three common codes used in Saudi Arabia’s petrochemical industry ASME B31.3 In-Plant Process Pipe API 1104 Welding of Pipelines And Related Facilities AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code - Steel
ASME B31.3 and Appendix 4 Film interpretation acceptance criteria for Process Piping “on“on-plot” facilities
API 1104 Film interpretation acceptance criteria for pipelines
AWS D1.1 Film interpretation acceptance criteria for structures
