BAB I PENDAHULUAN
Dalam bahasa Inggris Tag question adalah kalimat pernyataan yang diakhiri dengan pertanyaan. Kalimat tersebut digunakan agar si pendengar memberikan penegasannya. Tag questions juga digunakan untukmenanyakan sebuah pertanyaan atau meminta konfirmasi tentang sesuatu yang sudah kita ketahui.Misalnya, saya punya anak laki-laki yang ganteng. Tapi teman saya tuh nggak percaya. Nah, begitu teman saya ketemu dengan anak saya, saya bilang pada teman saya: Anak saya ganteng, kan? Contoh lain, misalnya saya berbicara dengan kawan saya yang
mengajak seorang yang berwajah Indonesia banget tapi fasih berbahasa Inggris. Nah, untuk menegaskan, saya bertanya kepada kawan saya tersebut: Dia bukan orang Amerika, kan?
BAB II PEMBAHASAN
A. Pengertian Question Tags
Question tags adalah pertanyaan singkat yang diikutkan pada akhir sebuah kalimat
untuk membuat pertanyaan. Contoh: Kalimat:- She speaks English. Eng lish. Pertanyaan:- Does she speak English? Question Tag:- She speaks English, doesn¶t she? B. Bentuk
k erja bantu dan subjek. Jika kalimat positif, positif, Question tag dibentuk dari sebuah kata kerja kita biasanya menggunakan tag negatif, contoh: y
That¶s a great song, isn¶t it?
y
She¶s a lawyer, isn¶t she?
Jika kalimat negatif, kita gunakan tag t ag positif. Contoh: y
Youµre
not busy, are you?
y
This way isn¶t right, is it?
Kata kerja bantu dan subjek dalam question tag sesuai dengan yang terdapat pada kalimat utama. Hanya bentuk positif dan negatifnya yang berubah. Contoh: y
He can play the trumpet, can¶t he?
y
You
finished yet, have you? haven¶t finished
Pada kalimat diatas subjek diberi d iberi warna biru, dan kata kerja bantu warna hijau. Yang mengalami perubahan hanya bagian dari pertanyaan yang positif p ositif atau negatif. Fungsi
Question tag memiliki dua tujuan utama: uta ma: untuk menguatkan informasi yang diharapkan dan untuk menanyakan informasi yang tidak diharapkan. Kedua tujuan ini bisa dibedakan berdasarkan intonasi pengucapan yang kita gunakan - jika suara merendah berarti pertanyaan tersebut menanyakan informasi yang diharapkan - jika suara meninggi berarti benar-benar menyanakan sebuah pertanyaan. Contoh:
y
Intonasi menurun - You haven¶t finished yet, have you?
Penanya mengharapkan orang yang ditanya telah selesai, penanya hanya memeriksa saja untuk memastikan. y
Intonasi meningkat - You haven¶t finished yet, have you?
Pembicara benar-benar menanyakan apakah yang ditanya sudah selesai atau tidak. Jika yagn ditanya selesai lebih cepat dari yang diharapkan si penanya, maka pembicara akan terkejut. y
You¶re
really busy now, aren¶t you? - Yes, I¶ve got to finish this by Monday.
Orang yang ditanya pada kalimat diatas menguatkan bahwa dia sedang sibuk, kemungkinan dengan menunjukkan simpati juga. y
Why
are you watching TV? You¶re really busy now, aren¶t you? - Not really,
I did most of it last night. Pada kalimat ini orang yang bertanya menganggap orang yang ditanya sibuk tetapi penanya terkejut sebab orang yang ditanya seharusnya sedang bekerja bukan nonton TV, jadi penanya menanyakan tentang situasi yang tidak diharapkan. Kalimat negatif dengan tag positif sering digunakan untuk menyatakan permintaan, contoh: y
You
don¶t have a pencil, do you?
y
You
couldn¶t change a $5 bill, could you?
Question tag yang memerintah biasanya menggunakan will , contoh: y
Open the door for me, will you?
y
Hang on a minute, will you?
Selama tidak digunakan dengan bahasa informal, question tag dengan maksud memerintah sering terdengar tidak bersabar.
Definition Question Tag A
tag question is a special construction in English. It is a statement followed
by a mini-question. The whole sentence is a 'tag question', and the mini-question at the end is called a 'question tag'.
A
'tag' is something small that we add to something larger. For example, the
little piece of cloth added to a shirt showing size or washing instructions is a tag. We
use tag questions at the end of statements to ask for confirmation. They
mean something like: 'Am I right?' or 'Do you agree?' They are very common in English.
The basic structure is:
+
-
Positive statement,
negative tag?
Snow is white,
isn't it?
-
+
Negative statement, positive tag? You
don't like me,
do you?
Look at these examples with w ith positive statements: positive statement [+]
negative tag [-]
notes:
subject
auxiliary
main verb
auxiliary
personal pronoun not (same as subject)
You
are
coming,
are
n't
you?
We
have
finished,
have
n't
we?
You
do
like
coffee,
do
n't
you?
like
coffee,
do
n't
you?
You
You
(do) like...
They
will
help,
wo
n't
they?
I
can
come,
can
't
I?
We
must
go,
must
n't
we?
He
should
try
harder,
should
n't
he?
You
are
English,
are
n't
you?
John
was
there,
was
n't
he?
won't not
=
will
no auxiliary for main verb be present & past
Look at these examples with w ith negative statements: negative statement [-]
positive tag [+]
subject
auxiliary
main verb
personal pronoun auxiliary (same subject)
It
is
n't
raining,
is
it?
We
have
never
seen
that,
have
we?
You
do
n't
like
coffee,
do
you?
They
will
not
help,
will
they?
They
wo
n't
report
us,
will
they?
I
can
never
do
it right,
can
I?
We
must
n't
tell
her,
must
we?
He
should
n't
drive
so fast,
should
he?
English,
are
you?
You
are
n't
as
John
was
not
there,
was
he?
Some special cases:
I am right, aren't I?
aren't I (not amn't I)
You
you (do) have to go...
have to go, don't you?
I have been haven't I?
answering,
use first auxiliary
Nothing came in the post, did it?
treat statements with nothing, nobody etc like negative statements
Let's go, shall we?
let's = let us
He'd better do it, hadn't he?
he had better (no auxiliary)
Here are some mixed examples: y
But
y
This will work, won't it?
y
Well,
y
But
y
We'd
y
The weather's bad, isn't it?
y
You
y
you don't really love her, do you?
I couldn't help it, could I?
you'll tell me if she calls, ca lls, won't you? never have known, would we?
won't be late, will you?
Nobody knows, do they?
Notice that we often use tag questions to ask for information or help, starting with a negative statement. This is quite a friendly/polite way of making a request. For example, instead of saying 'Where is the police station?' (not very polite), or 'Do you know where the police station is?' (slightly more polite), we could say: 'You wouldn't know where the police po lice station is, would you?' Here are some so me more examples: y
You
don't know of any good jobs, do you?
y
You
couldn't help me with my homework, could you?
y
You
haven't got $10 to lend me, have you?
Intonation We
can change the meaning of a tag question with the musical pitch of our voice.
With
rising intonation, it sounds like a real question.
But
if our intonation falls, it
sounds more like a statement that t hat doesn't require a real answer: intonation You
don't know where my wallet is,
It's a beautiful view,
do you?
/ rising rising
real question
isn't it?
\ falling
not a real question
Answers to tag questions A
question tag is the 'mini-question' at the end.
A
tag question is the whole
sentence. How do we answer a tag question? Often, we just say Yes or No. Sometimes we may repeat the tag and reverse it (..., do they? Yes, they do). Be very careful about answering tag questions. In some languages, an oposite system of answering is used, and non-native English speakers sometimes answer in the wrong way. This can lead to a lot of confusion! Answer
a tag question according to the truth of the situation.
Your
answer
reflects the real facts, not (necessarily) the question. For example, everyone knows that snow is white. Look at these questions, and the correct answers:
tag question Snow is white, isn't it? Snow isn't white, is it?
correct answer Yes
(it the answer is the same in both cases - because snow IS WHITE!
is).
Yes
it is!
Snow is No black, isn't isn't! it? Snow isn't No black, is it? isn't).
but notice the change of stress when the answerer does not agree with the questioner
it the answer is the same in both cases - because snow IS NOT BLACK! (it
In some languages, people answer a question like 'Snow isn't black, is it?' with 'Yes' (meaning 'Yes, I agree with you'). This is the wrong answer in English! Here are some more examples, with w ith correct answers: y
The moon goes round the earth, doesn't it? Yes, it does.
y
The earth is bigger than the t he moon, isn't it? Yes.
y
The earth is bigger than the t he sun, isn't it? No, it isn't!
y
Asian
y
Elephants live in Europe, don't they? No, they don't!
y
Men don't have babies, do they? No.
y
The English alphabet doesn't have 40 letters, does it? No, it doesn't.
people don't like rice, do they? Yes, they do!
Question tags with imperatives Sometimes we use question tags with imperatives (invitations, orders), but the sentence remains an imperative and does not require a direct answer. for invitations. invitations. We use can, can't, will, would for orders.
We
use
won't
invitation
imperative + question tag
notes:
Take a seat, won't you?
polite
Help me, can you?
quite friendly
Help me, can't you?
quite friendly (some irritation?)
Close the door, would order
you? Do it now, will you?
Don't forget, will you?
quite polite
less polite with negative imperatives only
will
is
possible
Same-way question tags Although
the basic structure of o f tag questions is positive-negative or negat ive-positive,
it is sometime possible to use a positive-positive or negative-negative structure.
We
use same-way question tags to express interest, surprise, anger etc, and not to make real questions. y
So you're having a baby, are you? That's wonderful!
y
She wants to marry him, does she? Some chance!
y
So you think that's amusing, do you? Think again.
BAB III PENUTUP
A.
esimpulan K esimpulan Question
Tag adalah
bentuk
kalimat
tanya
yang
pola
kalimatnya
menggunakan kata tanya di akhir kalimat. Kalimat tanya ini biasanya tidak membutuhkan jawaban karena digunakan untuk menanyakan hal-hal yang diyakini benar oleh sang penanya. Berdasarkan
bentuk kalimatnya, pola pembentukan Question Tag dibedakan
menjadi tiga, yaitu:
Positive Statement
Negative Statement
Command
/ Request
DAFTAR PUSTAK A
y
Answers: A
Case Study using a WWW Qusetion Answering system. 1998. Cambridge
University Press. United Kingdom. Kingdom. Tanggal T anggal akses: 31 Jun 2005. y
T ext Engineering. Engineering. General Architecture for Text
y
Sheffield Natural Language Processing
y
Gospodnetic,
y
Action.
2005.
Group.
http://gate.ac.uk/ http://gate.ac.uk/
O., dan E. Hatcher, Lucene In
2005. Manning Publications Co. Greenwich. USA. Tanggal akses: 05 Feb
