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Experiment # 3 To understand the kinematics of whit worth quick return mechanism and draw displacement, velocity and acceleration diagrams.
1. Problem statement This experiment is concerning to the study of a kinematic motion with the aid of the Whitworth’s quick return mechanism. As the objective is to investigate the performance of the Whitework’s quick Whitework’s quick return motion, several reading were taken with the increments of ten degrees in order to study the rotation angle of the cutting and return stroke from the plotted graph and hence determine the efficiency.
2. Objectives The objective of the experiment is to investigate the performance of a Whitworth’s quick return motion and to verify that the motion does have a quick return stroke and a slow cutting or forward stroke. Additionally, the increase in efficiency of the system mechanism is also determined.
3. Theory A mechanism is a simplified model, usually in the form of line diagram which is used to reproduce exactly the motion occurring in a machine. m achine. The purpose of this reproduction is to en able the nature of the motion to be investigated without the encumbrance of the various solid bodies which form the machine elements. The various parts of the machine are called links or elements. Where two links are in contact and relative motion is possible, then they are known as the pair. An arbitrary set of links which form a closed chain that is capable of relative motion, and that can be made into a rigid structure by the addition of a single link, is also known as kinematics chain. To form a mechanism from kinematics chain one of the link must be fixed. However as any of the links can be fixed, it follows that there are as many mechanisms as there are links in a chain. The technique of obtaining different mechanisms by fixing the various links in turn is kn own as inversion.
4. Applications Quick return mechanisms are found throughout the engineering industry in different machines:
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5. Procedure I. II. III. IV. V.
Set the quick return at zero degree. Record the piston displacement. Move the whit worth by 20 degree and record the displacement. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for one complete revolution of crank. Tabulate your results in the given table. Calculate the theoretical piston rod displacement in the table.
6. Observations and calculations: Sr #
Angle
Displacement
Mean
S1
S2
1
20
5.5
5.5
5.5
2
40
2.5
3
2.75
3
60
2
2
2
4
80
6
6
6
5
100
18.5
18.5
18.5
6
120
33
33
33
7
140
39.5
40
39.75
8
160
41.5
41
41.25
9
180
41
41
41
10
200
39.5
40
39.75
11
220
37
37
37
12
240
34
34
34
13
260
30.5
30
30.25
14
280
26.5
26.5
26.5
15
300
22
22
22
16
320
18
18
18
17
340
13
13
13
18
360
9
9
9
19
380
5.5
5.5
5.5
Graphs: Angle-displacement Graph: Angle
Displacement
0
5.5
20
2.75
40
2
60
6
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160
41
180
39.75
200
37
220
34
240
30.25
260
26.5
280
22
300
18
320
13
340
9
360
5.5
angle-d Graph 45 40 35
30 25 20 15 10 5
0 0
50
100
150
200
250
Velocity-displacement graph: Displacement
Velocity
0
-0.1375
20
-0.0375
40
0.2
60
0.625
80
0.725
100
0.3375
120
0.075
140
-0.0125
160
-0.0625
300
350
400
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7. Results As a conclusion, it is confirming that the quick return motion may increase the efficiency of the machine tool because it can reduce the rotation angle for the return return stroke. This is because; the time taken for the slider to return to its initial position is less than the time taken for the slider to accomplish the cutting operation operation with the same distance. Therefore, the occurrence of the cutting stroke can be done in many instances. From this experiment, the value of the efficiency of 44.444% is sufficient to prove the increased in per formance formance of the Whitworth’s quick return mechanism. mechanism. It is evident that the experiment met the objective to study the kinematic motion (sliding motion) of the slider in its path. Finally, the aid of the ‘Whitworth’s quick return mechanism’ has demonstrated demonstrated to the students the difference of rotation angle for cutting and returning stroke that may increase the efficiency of machine tool such as power hack saw.
8. Comments By Whitworth quick return mechanism, a rotary motion can be converted into linear motion. It is clear from the graphs that the rotary motion is converted in to linear motion. From first graph which is curved one that shows the rotary motion which is generally converted in linear motion which is clear from second and third graphs.
