PY 101-008 Exam I Multiple Choice Identify the letter of of the choice that best best completes the statement statement or answers the question. question.
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1. Dr. Smythe Smythe believes that in order to fully fully understand complex complex processes, such as taste, it is is necessary to understand the purpose that taste plays in survival, not the elementary components that combine to produce taste sensations. Dr. Smythe's views are most consistent with a. the behavi behaviori orist st appr approac oach h to psycho psycholog logy y b. the functionalist functionalist approach to psychology psychology c. the stru structu ctural ralist ist appr approac oach h to psycho psycholog logy y d. the psyc psychoa hoanal nalyt ytic ic approa approach ch to psycho psycholog logy y
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2. ccording to !ohn "atson, "atson, behavior behavior is governed primarily primarily by a. heredity b. personal motives c. the the env enviironm ronmen entt d. unco uncons nsci ciou ouss desi desire ress #. Sigmund $reud developed an innovative procedure procedure for treating people with with psychological problems, problems, which he called a. beha behavi vior or modi modifi fica cati tion on b. primal therapy c. psy psycho choanal analy ysis sis d. rati ration onal al%em %emot otiv ivee therap therapy y &. he psychologist psychologist who too( the position position that organisms organisms tend to repeat responses responses that lead to positive positive outcomes and tend not to repeat responses that lead to neutral or negative outcomes was a. Sigmund $r $reud b. ). $. S(inner S(inner c. *arl +ogers d. brah braham am as aslow low -. argaret is an industrial industrial psychologist psychologist who advises companies companies on how to improve improve wor(er morale. s s a psychologist who who attempts to solve practical practical problems, argaret argaret would most li(ely be be considered a. an acad academ emic ic psyc psycho holo logi gist st b. an applied psychologist psychologist c. a beha behavi vior oral al psy psych chol olog ogis istt d. a human humanis isti ticc psych psychol olog ogis istt . "hich of the following following is /0 a reason for psychology's psychology's theoretical diversity diversity a. 0ne theory theory does does not adeua adeuately tely cover cover the the variety variety of data data we have today today.. b. Different theories focus on different different aspects of behavior. behavior. c. 3$acts3 3$acts3 lend lend themse themselves lves to diffe different rent interpret interpretatio ations. ns. d. 4sycholog 4sychology y lac(s adeuate adeuate ob5ecti ob5ective ve data data to support support theory theory.. 6. he development of psychology psychology as a science has been influenced influenced by a. histor historica icall factor factorss but but not social social fact factors ors b. social factors but not not historical factors c. neithe neitherr histo historic rical al nor nor soci social al fact factors ors d. both both hist histori orical cal and social social factor factorss 7. Dr. Dieringer Dieringer wants to study attachment attachment patterns in single%parent single%parent families. She plans plans to define the strength strength of attachment as the time it ta(es for the parent to respond when the infant starts to cry. Defining attachment attachment in this way would a. be an an exam exampl plee of a hypo hypoth thes esis is
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b. violate ethical guidelines for psychological research c. represent an operational definition d. reuire a double%blind research design 4ublication of research findings is extremely important to the scientific method because a. it allows for critiue and self%correction b. it brings recognition to the research wor(er c. it forces the writer to be clear d. the royalties help the researcher pay for the research n interaction between two variables means that a. the effects of one independent variable depend on the effects of another b. the effects of one independent variable get added to the effects of another c. the measurement of one dependent variable gets added to the measurement of another d. the measurement of one dependent variable depends on the measurement of another :ou are sitting on a par( bench in a ma5or metropolitan area from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. and you note the number of people who wal( by, whether or not they litter, and their gender. :ou are engaging in a. casual observation b. naturalistic observation c. case study research d. experimental research he use of mathematics to organi;e, summari;e, and interpret numerical information is referred to as a. calculus b. functional analysis c. statistics d. algebra Suppose a researcher discovered a <.76 correlation between the length of a person's toes and the number of shoes the person owns. =n general, people who own the fewest number of shoes would have a. small toes b. large toes c. medium%si;ed toes d. either very large or very small toes Suppose a researcher discovered a strong negative correlation between the length of people's hair and the amount of money they paid for their automobile. =n general, people who paid the least amount of money for their automobile also had a. the longest hair b. mid%length hair c. the shortest hair d. either extremely long or extremely short hair he sub5ects who participate in an experiment should a. all be chosen from the same geographical area and socioeconomic class b. be allowed to choose which group they would li(e to be in c. come from a wide range of different age groups d. be carefully chosen so they are a representative sample of the population 0ne is 0S li(ely to encounter problems with the social desirability bias when using a. self%reports b. case studies c. naturalistic observations d. the experimental method
____ 16. Scarlett is a graduate student who is observing children playing together after watching a film. She (nows that some children saw a film that contained graphic scenes of violence and some children saw a non%violent film, but she doesn't (now which film each child she is observing watched. =n this case, Scarlett is recording data for a. a double%blind research study b. a study with two independent variables c. an unethical research study d. a correlational study with confounded variables ____ 17. he data obtained in a research study, along with the statistical analyses, are reported in the a. introduction section of a 5ournal article b. results section of a 5ournal article c. method section of a 5ournal article d. discussion section of a 5ournal article ____ 18. nnabel is planning to buy a cordless phone. She has narrowed her choice down to a /orthtech >6 model and a elecom ?%4ro model. lfred tells nnabel@ 3*onsumer +eports did extensive testing and rated the /orthtech >6 as the highest overall. he same article indicated that the elecom phone was unreliable and needed freuent service.3 $rancine tells nnabel@ 3he *onsumer +eports article is probably flawed because my uncle had a /orthtech >6 phone, and he had nothing but problems with it. Ae decided to switch to the elecom phone, and he hasn't had any problems.3 )ased on the research results reported in the critical thin(ing application, you should predict that nnabel will most li(ely a. buy the elecom phone because she will be more persuaded by the anecdotal evidence b. buy the /orthtech >6 phone because she will be more persuaded by ob5ective evidence c. do further research on her own before buying either of the two phones d. decide not to buy a cordless phone because the two reports her friends provided conflict with each other ____ 29. =magine that a group of researchers designed a study to test the effectiveness of subliminal%message weight% loss tapes. Aalf the participants receive real tapes, and half receive similar tapes with the subliminal messages removed. ll the participants are told that their tapes contain subliminal messages. his study would be an example of a. the case study research b. the single%blind research method c. anecdotal research d. experimenter bias in selecting a random sample ____ 21. !eremy is sitting uietly when the muscles in his left leg begin to 3twitch.3 his activation of movement in his voluntary muscles is most li(ely due to the release of the neurotransmitter a. serotonin b. dopamine c. acetylcholine d. norepinephrine ____ 22. Dr. )ates has implanted electrodes in the brain of a rabbit. "hen currents of different freuencies are passed through the electrodes, the rabbit will fall into a deep sleep or suddenly awa(en. )ased on this information, the electrodes are most li(ely stimulating the rabbit's a. cerebellum b. occipital lobe c. medulla d. reticular formation ____ 2#. Bivian has been experiencing unexplained flashes of light and color, even when her eyes are closed. She recently saw a neurologist who located a small brain tumor. =n this case, it is li(ely that the tumor is located in Bivian's a. temporal lobes
b. right frontal lobe c. occipital lobes d. left parietal lobe ____ 2&. Coe has a small brain tumor that is pressing on areas in her right frontal lobe. :ou would most li(ely suspect that Coe will experience difficulties a. moving some portions of the left side of her body b. hearing sounds that are located to her left c. moving some portions of the right side of her body d. tasting foods in the right side of her mouth ____ 2-. he specific pattern of genes inherited at conception defines an individual's a. phenotype b. polygenic inheritance c. stereotype d. genotype ____ 2. Shane and )lane are identical mono;ygoticE twins. however, people seldom get the two brothers mixed up because )lane is almost 2 inches shorter than Shane. he difference in height means that a. even though both brothers display the same phenotype, they have different genotypes b. because the brothers display different phenotypes, they must also have different underlying genotypes c. even though both brothers share the same genotype, they display different phenotypes d. )lane is hetero;ygous for the 3tallness3 trait, and Shane is homo;ygous for the 3tallness3 trait ____ 26. ccording to evolutionary theorist +obert rivers, a species' courtship and mating strategies depend primarily on sex differences in a. aggression b. body si;e c. parental investment d. spatial orientation ____ 27. mating system in which each female see(s to mate with multiple males, whereas each male mates with only one female is called a. monogamy b. homogamy c. polyandry d. polygyny ____ 28. "hen researchers have attempted to demonstrate subliminal perception effects in the real world, they have typically found that a. such effects are substantial and a potential cause for public concern b. people are much more li(ely to be influenced by 3positive3 subliminal stimuli e.g., self% help tapesE than 3negative3 ones e.g., subliminal advertisingE c. such effects are so wea( as to be of little, if any, practical importance d. people are much more li(ely to be influenced by 3negative3 subliminal stimuli than 3positive3 ones ____ #9. =f the human eye was not responsive to differences in the wavelength of light, we would not be able to perceive differences in a. brightness b. saturation c. color d. purity ____ #1. 4arallel processing in the visual pathways suggests that separate neural channels
a. do the same things at different locations b. extract different information from visual inputs c. send the same information to many different places d. provide safety bac(ups for each other ____ #2. ccording to one theory of color vision, colors are signaled in pairs by neurons that fire faster to one color and slower to another color. his theory is (nown as the a. opponent process theory b. trichromatic theory c. signal%detection theory d. feature%detection theory ____ ##. 0ur ability to see three dimensions based on having only a two%dimensional retina is (nown as a. depth perception b. sensory accommodation c. visual acuity d. rod%cone refractance ____ #&. he sand at !ason feet appeared coarse, and he could see the individual grains of sand. Aowever, the sand down the beach appeared to be much finer and less granular. his apparent difference in the sand may have partially resulted from the depth cue of a. interposition b. light and shadow c. relative si;e d. texture gradient ____ #-. *lifford was in an accident and he has lost all the hearing in his right ear. he deafness in this ear will mostly affect *lifford's ability to a. locali;e sounds accurately b. separate speech sounds from bac(ground noise c. detect high freuency sounds d. detect high amplitude sounds ____ #. he brain receives information about the positions of the various parts of the body through the a. vestibular sense b. (inesthetic sense c. (inetic sense d. homeostatic sense ____ #6. he school of painting that reduces reality to combinations of geometric forms laid out in a flat space is a. cubism b. surrealism c. impressionism d. pointillism ____ #7. n electroencephalograph is a device that measures a. glucose metabolism in the brain b. muscle tension in the body c. respiration rates as an index of arousal d. electrical activity of the brain ____ #8. $elicia is a participant in a study on stress reactions. "hich of the following instruments would 0S li(ely be used to measure her muscle tension a. electromyograph b. circadiometer c. electroencephalograph d. polygraph
____ &9. Sleep spindles, which appear against a bac(ground of mixed, mostly lower freuency FF? activity, are characteristic of a. stage 1 sleep b. stage 2 sleep c. stage & sleep d. +F sleep ____ &1. Da(ota is ta(ing a prescription drug, and one of the side effects of the drug is an increase in the stimulation of ascending fibers in the reticular activating system. Da(ota is li(ely to find that he a. wants to sleep all the time b. no longer experiences +F sleep c. has difficulty falling asleep d. begins to dream during Stage # and & sleep ____ &2. 0f the following statements regarding sleepwal(ing, which is 0S accurate a. Sleepwal(ing occurs in +F sleep. b. =t is not safe to awa(en a sleepwal(er. c. Sleepwal(ers rarely hurt themselves. d. Sleepwal(ers are not acting out a dream. ____ &#. Dreams are viewed as the focal point of existence that determines an individual's way of life in the a. ara(esh of orocco b. aborigines of ustralia c. rapesh of /ew ?uinea d. 4arintinin of )ra;il ____ &&. he idea that hypnoti;ed persons are acting in the manner they believe a hypnoti;ed person would is the basic tenet behind the a. $reudian theory of hypnosis b. dissociative theory of hypnosis c. divided consciousness theory of hypnosis d. role%playing theory of hypnosis ____ &-. *hristopher has 5ust ta(en a drug. Ae finds that his perceptions are altered and he feels li(e his sensory awareness has increased. =t is most li(ely that *hristopher has ta(en a. GSD or mescaline b. morphine or heroin c. barbiturates or Huaaludes d. cocaine or amphetamines ____ &. Aaley has severe glaucoma and she finds that the symptoms of her glaucoma can be relieved by using a non% prescription drug. =n addition to relieving the symptoms of glaucoma, the drug relaxes her and induces a mild feeling of euphoria. =t is most li(ely that Aaley is treating her glaucoma using a. cocaine b. mari5uana c. heroin d. mescaline ____ &6. aron has been ta(ing a mild amphetamine for the past four months to help him cope with being a full%time student while holding down a full%time 5ob. /ow that his classes have ended he wants to stop ta(ing the amphetamine, but each time he tries to s(ip the medication he starts sweating and he develops tremors. =t appears that aron has a. developed a drug tolerance for amphetamines b. become amphetamine intolerant c. developed a physical dependence for amphetamines d. habituated to the effects of amphetamines
____ &7. ar('s mother is worried because he only sleeps about & to - hours per night. "hat would you tell her a. She has reason to be concerned because, in the long run, ar('s lac( of sleep will ta(e its toll physically. b. here is nothing to worry about because young people need less sleep than older people. c. here is no problem as long as ar( spends most of his sleep time in +F sleep. d. here is probably nothing to be worried about since different people need differing amounts of sleep. ____ &8. ichael dreamed that he was being chased through the galaxy by ferocious interplanetary creatures. his represents the a. latent content of ichael's dream b. manifest content of ichael's dream c. subliminal content of ichael's dream d. preconscious content of ichael's dream ____ -9. )ill has had many dreams in which he has fallen off a cliff, but he has always awa(ened before hitting the bottom. Ae has become an insomniac because of his fear that if he ever hits the bottom, he will die. "hat would you tell )ill a. Ae should be afraid because shoc(ing dreams are often fatal. b. Ae should ta(e sleeping pills to repress +F sleep so that he will not dream. c. Ais belief has no substance and is merely a myth. d. Ae simply needs to train himself to wa(e up whenever he has a falling dream.
PY 101-008 Exam I Answer Section MULIPLE C!"ICE
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