Introduction to Disability Camia N. Ferrer PSB
What is Disability?
Definition of Impairment and Disability International Context
Local Context Impairment
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Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function.
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1980 ICIDH , WHO
Any loss, diminution or aberration of psychological or physiological function with or without an accompanying anatomical structural defect. 2009 DOH Guidelines on the Implementation of RA 9442 – RA 7277
Disability •
Results from the interaction between persons with impairments and attitudinal and environmental barriers that hinders their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others. 2006 UNCRPD Preamble (paragraph e)
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The interaction between persons with impairments and attitudinal and environmental barriers that hinders their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others. 2009 DOH Guidelines on the Implementation of RA 9442 – RA 7277
Definition of Impairment and Disability International Context
Local Context
Person/s with Disability/ies •
Persons with Disabilities include those who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which in interaction with various barriers may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others.
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Persons with Disabilities include those who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which in interaction with various barriers may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others.
2006 UNCRPD Article 1 Purpose 2009 DOH Guidelines on the Implementation of RA 9442 – RA 7277
Impairment and Disability Environment • •
Physical (natural / structure / infrastructur Physical infrastructure) e) Social (ethics, norms, peers) Cultural (beliefs, attitudes, behavior) Political Politic al (policies, legislations) Economics (financial resources) Religious (teachings, dogma) • • • •
Impairment and Disability
IMPAIRMENT = DISABILITY ? ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT = DISABILITY ? IMPAIRMENT + ENVIRONMENT = DISABILITY ?
Impairment and Disability Simplified Disability Creation Process
IMPAIRMENT (Intrinsic Factor)
ENVIRONMENT (Extrinsic Factor)
DISABILITY (Disabling Situation)
Disability Situation Globally Scope of disability •
Worldwide, there is an estimated 650 million persons with disabilities (PWD): 1 : 10 ratio 10% of the world’s population 25% of the population are affected by the disability • • •
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350M PWD have no access to services or assistance
Disability Situation Globally Causes of disability (according to UN Human Rights and Disability Studies) • • • • • • • • • •
War / terrorism Heredity Poor sanitation and hygiene Malnutrition Poliomyelitis Measles Respiratory diseases Illiteracy Marriage between close relatives Inadequate housing Metabolic diseases (Diabetes Natural disasters Mellitus) Birth Drugs, alcohol, tobacco Congenital defect Lack of care during pregnancy Traffic, work, sports and home accidents • • • • • •
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Disability Situation in the Philippines Top causes of disability in the Philippines • • • • • •
Malnutrition Unsanitary living conditions Poor pre-natal care Unstable peace and order situation Vehicular accidents Occupational accidents (World Bank Disabled People and Development – Philippine Country Report 2005)
Disability Situation in the Philippines Disability Statistics in the Philippines Prevalence of Disability (Census 2000 Philippines) Total no. of PWD
942, 098
Disability by sex (male)
473,332 (50.3%)
Disability by sex (female)
468, 766 (49.7%)
Disability Prevalence 1.2% Prevalence of Disability (Estimated 2005) Total no. of PWD Disability Prevalence
7.5 M 10% (WHO estimate)
(World Bank Disabled People and Development – Philippine Country Report 2005)
Disability Situation in the Philippines Status of Disability Statistics in the Philippines •
Limited available valid data (if there is, it is not updated and has low prevalence rate) •
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Lack of comparable data (methodology / classification) classification) •
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Validity
The “Twin Track” approach to Disability Specialized Service Progr Programs ams • • • • • •
Corrective surgery Rehabilitation Rehabilitation and a nd Therapy Aids and Equipment Sign Language Supported Employment Caregiver
Mainstream and Inclusive Mainstream Programs •
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Access to mainstream services: health, education, social Barrier free environment Positive community attitudes Inclusion in planning and decision making Livelihood, credit & employment opportunities Rights and Social justice
Equal opportunities and full participation Principle : as much inclusion programs and specialized specialized support when necessary
Common Disability Terms Disability terms in local dialect (Bicol Region) • • • • • • • • • • •
Biyadi Kimay Lumpo Buta Harap Pilay Kagit Baliw Pangol Kurang-kurang Kuging-kuging
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Molong Retarded Abno Mongoloid Bingot Bungog Bungol Pula Ngura Ngo-ngo Kuba Buktot Anak-araw
Common Disability Terms Disability terms in local dialect (Visayas Region) • • • • • • • • • •
Ngula Pi-ay Bungol Kato Pongkol Bakol Malnot Buang Bungaw abno
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Kimpang Kimay Singkol Buta Balilang Libat May diperensya Disabled 10% discount
Common Disability Terms NOT Appropriate Terms • • • • • • • • • •
Handicapped Not-normal Different Damaged Stupid Dangerous Retarded Cretin Victim Disabled person
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Unlucky Deformed Sick Weird Not-right Dumb Scary Strange Abnormal Differently abled
Common Disability Terms Appropriate Person, individual, client
Inappropriate Case, patient, problem, victim
Person with an impairment / The handicapped / the disability disabled Person with an intellectual impairment
Retarded / defective
Person with physical impairment
Crippled, lame, deformed
Person who uses a wheelchair or wheelchair users Person with visual impairment / person who is blind or has vision loss
Wheelchair bound or “confined” to a wheelchair wheelchair,, wheelchair person The blind
Common Disability Terms Appropriate Person with mental or psychological impairment / person with psychiatric disability / illness
Inappropriate Crazy, deranged
Person with loss of limb / Amputee patient or amputee person with limb amputation Person with cerebral palsy / autism
CP victim / spastic person / autistic
Person with Cerebrovascular Accident / person with or who has stroke
Stroke patient or person
Person with diabetes
The diabetic
Person with arthritis
The arthritic Blind person
Common Disability Terms Guidelines on language usage for Persons with Disabilities (PWD) •
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“person first” – PWD should be addressed by their name or called as person and not by their impairment
Impairment and Disability are not synonymous
Common Disability Terms Other terminology and abbreviations / acronyms: •
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Person/s Person/s with Disability/ies – (PWD) PWD Organization – Persons with Disabilities Organization DPO – Disabled People’s Organization or Disabled Person’s Organization Organization (old nomenclature) Assistive Devices – any device that is designed, made, or adapted to assist a person to perform a particular task or activity for daily living.
Classification of Impairments Classificat Classification ion
1. Psychosoc Psychosocial ial
Description
Problems in the rational thinking of the individual resulting to changes in behavior and perception of one self in the society
Examples (medical conditions)
chronic stress / anxiety disorders
2. Chronic Chronic illnesses illnesses with disabilities Words to describe a group of health conditions that last a long time.
hypertension, rheumatoid / osteoarthritis, diabetes, cancer, HIV/AIDS, renal or kidney diseases
Classification of Impairments Classification
Description
Examples (medical conditions)
3. Learning disabilities (cognitive or intellectual) Any disorder in 1 or more of the basic psychological processes (perception, comprehension, thinking, etc.)
4. Mental disabilities
Disability resulting from organic brain syndrome (mental retardation, acquired lesions of the central nervous system, or dementia) and or mental illness (psychotic or non-psychotic disorder) Dyslexia, Agraphia, Depression, schizophrenia, Attention-Deficit anxiety disorders Hyperactive Disorder, Cerebral palsy, Autism, Down’s syndrome
Classification of Impairments Classification
Description
Examples (medical conditions)
5. Visual / seeing disabilities Problem in the visual functions even after treatment of standard corrective procedures. Cataract, myopia, glaucoma
6. Orthopedic/moving disabilities Problems in the normal functioning of the joints, muscles and limbs
7. Communication disability Problems in the hearing, language and communication
Spinal cord injury (SCI), amputation, clubfoot, poliomyelitis
Auditory nerve damage, tinnitus
Classification of Impairments Key messages: •
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A person with a disability is a person first and then has ability as well Disability is not just an individual issue but a social and Human Rights issue Classifying PWD into seven groups does not mean that they share or have common needs, each has different needs.
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