PROPOSED TRAINING CENTRE WITH LIVING ENVIRONMENT FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES Nurrabiatul Adawiyah Jalaludin1 & Asiah Abdul Rahim2 Kulliyyah of Architecture & Environmental Design, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia e-mail:
[email protected] 1,
[email protected] 2
ABSTRACT People with disability needs environment that is accessible to them. They seek for a place where they can live, work and play without any barriers. The main purpose of this research is to study on the facilities and criteria of spaces required for disabled people‟s training centre at Bangi Industrial Training and Rehabilitation centre. This research is the backbone for the proposed training centre. The physical environment has created barrier to the disable people which effects their emotion and psychology. Thus, study on training centre is essential in order to provide facilities that can help them to acquire skills to survive on their own. The objectives of this research are to identify the problems faced by the disabled people and to study the elements that needed for disable people‟s training centre. Furthermore, this study will help to increase public awareness and public acceptance regarding people with disabilities. Moreover, the aim is to initiate the idea of disable people to be treated and trained in areas dedicated to and designed for their needs and minimizes physical and emotional pain and distress to them. This study also will promote independent living for disable people through the acquired skills and knowledge. The target community to do research subject definitely are disabled community from varieties of disabilities. The data collection will be using multi-method approach which consists of interview, observation, questionnaire, and plan analysis. Significantly, the findings and recommendations from the study will give insight to the problems faced by people with disabilities, thus enable the professionals in the building industry such as architects, engineers, designers, developers and others to be aware and concern about independent living environment for disabled community. The recommendation can also be used as guidelines for future training centre. Keywords: Universal Design, People with disabilities, Bangi Industrial and Rehabilitation Training Centre, Accessibility, Spaces and Facilities
INTRODUCTION Persons with disabilities (PWD) are entitled to exercise their civil, political, social, economic and cultural rights on an equal basis with others. Unfortunately, they are usually treated as a separate entity, not as a visible part of the general community, where the existing environments become a barrier for them. Analyzing the facilities needed by the disabled person and the criteria of spaces that should be provided to suit with their activities is essential to ensure that all the facilities are accessible especially to those who become disabled because of accident. This paper studies the types of spaces and facilities needed by people with disability in order to lead their daily life independently, including training and rehabilitation. This paper will guide the proposed training centre in terms of spaces provided, facilities, design, types of training and rehabilitation and other services.
1
2
A undergraduate student at the Kulliyyah of Architecture & Environmental Design, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia A Professor and practicing architect, Department of Architecture, at the Kulliyyah of Architecture & Environmental Design, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
RESEARCH BACKGROUND Realizing that persons with disability could not compete in open job market yet their socio economy level need to be improved without infringing on their welfare and rights, the Department of Social Welfare has taken proactive actions by establishing Protected Workshops specifically to provide job opportunities to persons with disability (those with physical disability and mild mental disability). The Department has built 2 Protected Workshops known as Daya Workshops, which provide jobs opportunities specifically for disabled persons, in Klang, Selangor and Sungai Petani, Kedah. The objective of the Daya Workshops is to create jobs opportunities for persons with disability (OKU) who are unable to compete in the open market whilst training them to be independent and eventually to be integrated into the community. Another initiative is to establish Bangi Industrial Training and Rehabilitation Centre for disable people to train them physically and mentally. This rehabilitation and training centre are for those who born with disability and those who became disable because of road accident or work accident. The centres help them to improve daily living skills, to impart technical capabilities and capacities, to develop entrepreneurial skills and to establish a network and strategic partnerships. Some of the facilities provided are hostels, canteen, workshops, prayer room, and transportation. The centre offer activities and programme such as tailoring, printing, handicraft, baking and others. This research is conducted to study all the facilities and criteria of spaces needed for the training centre. ISSUES There are a few prevailing issues that may be considered in the derivation of the concept of industrial training and rehabilitation centre. Firstly, the issues could be observed from the physical environment that limits PWD social interaction which affects their emotional and physiological well. This physical barrier limits the accessibility of PWD. Another issue is regarding employment opportunity as employer regards PWD as unproductive workers who are unable to adjust to the workplace and produce low quality of works. This leads to untapped human resources and huge gap between the able and disabled people in market. Lack of training center also contribute to the issues of PWD doesn‟t have the opportunity to gain skills especially for those who become disabled because of road accident or work accident. Thus, disable people continue to being a burden to themselves and the society because of lack of ability and knowledge of independent living, AIMS The aims of this research is to initiate the idea of disable to be treated and trained in areas dedicated to and designed for their needs and minimize physical and emotional pain and distress to them. This study also will promote independent living for disable people through the acquired skills and knowledge. Deep research in this study will lead to the establishment of design criteria for spaces and facilities that required for PWD‟s training centre. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The research begins from a general background, narrowing to more detail parameters in order to achieve its goals. Methods of obtaining data for research also include secondary data, direct observation, and analysis of layout and interviews. The profiles of person with disabled participating in the research were mostly wheelchair bound, physically handicapped and vision impaired. Followings are the methodology of research: 1. Literature Review. Literature studies were done to collect data and understanding the detail information on people with disabilities, types of disabilities, rules and guidelines for disable people, training centre and workshop for disable as well as the facilities needed. The data collected from books and internet become the reference for this research.
2. Case study and observation Case study will be the main method to get the general views and photos on the training centre and a visit to the study building. Case study will be done to observe the spaces and facilities provided based on the information gathered through the literature studies and the observer‟s point of views. It is also to analyze either the facilities provided can be used easily, safely, accessible for disable person and comply with Malaysian standards .Throughout the study, things will be observed not only by naked eyes, but also by other senses like touch, taste, hearing and feel. 3. Plan analysis Plan analysis is important in order to study the application of universal design in the training centre as well as the criteria of spaces needed. Observation on the layout were carried out in order to determine 4. Interviews with the Authority and End User for Feedbacks. Interviews will be conducted to know the detailed about the training centre and expert perception regarding the needs of people with disabilities. The opinion of the end user is crucial in order to gather information and tro find out on the children‟s assessment of the floor finishing in the existing facilities. 5. Questionnaire The questionnaire will get the general information and response due to lack of self-awareness among public about disable people in terms of human perception, economic, social life and others. This questionnaire is conducted to support the case study. 6. Review of existing building standards for accessibility for disabled people. Available building requirement and Malaysian Standards in Malaysia such as Building Requirement for Disabled, MS 1184:1990, Code Of Practice For Access For Disabled Persons To Public Building, MS 1331:1993, Code Of Practice For Access For Disabled Persons To Outside Building, MS 1183: 1991; Code Of Practice Of Mean Of Escape For Disabled Persons To Public Building and its application consideration will be the basis of the research investigation. SIGNIFICANT OF RESEARCH This research can generate awareness not only among the public but also among the professionals in the building industry such as architects, engineers, designers, developers and others towards a better independent living environment for disabled community. The significant of this research is to be as one of the references for the establishment of disable training centre in Malaysia and to improve the existing training centre based on the guidelines. This research will help in analyzing spaces that is needed by the disable people to acquire skills and knowledge in order to live independently. Through this research, it is also hoped that the disable people will get more comfortable and guaranteed life with their own capabilities. SCOPE OF RESEARCH The scope of research will cover on the types of facilities and spaces provided at the centre. The outcome will be in the basis of; • Literature reviews on people with disability, types of disabilities and facilities provided. • Able bodied person, disable person and staff perception and experiences in using the facilities • Feedback of the case studies • Data from field measurement • Researcher observation Sample will be taken from a few training and rehabilitation centre as well as protected workshop for the disable people in Kuala Lumpur. The research will also cover the analysis on the constraints of public building for disable people. The target groups are the trained Disabled Persons (Physically and Mentally),the able bodied person which includes professional, students, trainers and caretakers,
government bodies, families and social support. This limitation also applies to the range of age for the disable people which are from 14 years old and above.
RESEARCH STRUCTURE
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Figure 1.1: Research Structure
BACKGROUND STUDY People with disabilities in Malaysia can be considered as one of the most vulnerable of the minority group in the Malaysian population. According to WHO, 7% of the population in any country suffers from the disability and around 2% would need some form of rehabilitation services. According to the statistics from the Department of Social Welfare, the registered number of disables people stood at 197,519 where 18 258 people are vision impaired, 29 522 are suffered from hearing impaired, 66 250 people are handicapped, 887 are having cerebral palsy and 76 619 people have learning difficulties.
While 5 983 people have others types of disabilities (Department of Social Welfare, 2006). The breakdown of disabilities according to ethnic groups is as follow;
Table 1: Number of People with Disabilities according to Ethnic Group 2003-2006 Ethnic group 2003 2004 2005 2006 Malays 79837 91162 105163 123245 Chinese 28956 32408 35104 39519 Indians 12396 14246 15995 18346 Pribumi Peninsular 246 283 317 354 Pribumi Sabah 7515 8266 9130 10240 Pribumi Sarawak 3226 3617 4037 4682 Others 479 635 709 1133 Total 132154 150617 170455 197519 Source: Department of Social Welfare 2006
However, the latest registered number of disables people in 2010 stood at 313 685 (Bernama, 2010), showing the increase in Malaysia population. With the increasing number of disabled people, the Malaysian government is concerned to provide the relevant and quality facilities and other amenities for this disadvantaged group. It is the government‟s policy that education, public facilities, public amenities, health and other aspects were taken into consideration for the well-being of the disable. For example; “education for persons with disabilities should form an integral part of national educational planning, curriculum development and school organization” (Person with Disabilities Act 2008), In order to ensure that built environment is accessible to the disable people, the Malaysian government has emphasizes on the use of Persons with Disabilities Act (PWDA) starting from 2008. This act becomes part of Malaysia obligations under the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN Convention). According to the PWDA, those persons with disabilities shall have equal access to the following in Malaysia: public facilities, amenities, services and buildings; public transport; education; employment; information, communication and technology; cultural life; and recreation, leisure and sport. Malaysia also amended the Uniform Building Bylaws in 1990, making it compulsory for buildings to provide access and facilities for disabled persons. Existing buildings were given three years to make modifications to comply with the by-law. In addition, former Deputy Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Razak said in September 2006 that all buildings and public amenities, including existing buildings, must be disabled friendly ( Utusan Malaysia,2006). A STUDY ON DISABLE Department of Social Welfare defined disabled person as any person who is unable to obtain for himself or herself, fully or partially, the normal requirements of an individual and / or is unable to participate fully in the community due to shortcomings either physically or mentally and whether it occurred since birth or later in life. Rehabilitation service is provided to help the disabled be independent and subsequently enabling them to reach the maximum potential in all aspects of their lives suitable with their abilities (Department of Social Welfare, 2009). According to oxfords students‟ dictionary, disable is defined as “to make a person to unable to do something, especially take away the power of using limbs, or of seeing and hearing. Disability refers to the limitations or lack of ability in performing activities that are considered normal for particular individual (WHO, 1980). Moreover, disable person is defined as people with a physical, hearing or sight impairment which affect the mobility or their use of the building (MS standard 1184, 2002). Disable person need special treatment for them to live in society.
CLASSIFICATION OF DISABLE There are a few opinions on the classification of disable people. According to Asiah Abdul Rahim (2011), disabilities can be classified into five major groups; • Ambulant disable Ambulant disable are those who are able either with or without assistance to walk without the aid of devices such as crutches, sticks, braces or even walking frames. • Cognitive disability People with cognitive disabilities are generally those with a mental illness, a development or learning disabilities. To assists them in function in their surroundings, the environment should incorporate a combination such as those of sight, touch and sound as well as signs , colours, and texture. • Wheelchair users Wheelchair users are people who use wheelchair and unable to walk, either with or without assistance and who, except the use of mechanical transport, depend solely on a wheelchair for mobility. They may propel themselves independently, or might require pushing and maneuvering by an assistance of others. While being unable to walk, the majority of people in this group are able to transfer to and from a wheelchair. • Sensory disability Sensory disability people with sensory disability are those who as a consequences of visual or hearing impairment may be restricted or inconvenienced in their use of a blunt environment and they are divided into two subgroups; Visually impaired person; who rely solely on their senses of hearing touch and smell. The built environment must therefore incorporate certain aspects of sounds, texture and aroma to assist them in their surroundings. Hearing impaired persons, who rely solely on their sense of sight and touch and needs signs colour and texture to be incorporated in the built environment to assist them in moving around their surroundings. • Multiple disabilities People with multiple disabilities are those with combinations of orthopedic, sensory or cognitive disability. The built environment therefore must incorporate a combination visual, tactile and olfactory cue to assist in their use of the surroundings. In addition, according to the statistic of Department of Social Welfare there are about 197 519 people in Malaysia, registered under the ministry until the end of the year 2006. Compared to the number of person who is physically disabled in 2006, the statistic given by the Department of Social Welfare stated that the number increased to 313 685 people during 2010. It shows that the number of disable persons in Malaysia is increased from time to time. Thus, government is urged by the society to prepare guidelines for the need of the disable community. DISABLE PERSON IN SOCIETY In conjunction with The United Nations Decade for Disabled Persons in Asia and Pacific Regions 1993-2002, our nation has signed a Proclamation of Full Participation and Equal Opportunity for Persons with Disability in Asia and Pacific Regions on 16th of May 1994. This Decade of Action Agenda stresses on raising the awareness of society and providing facilities towards enhancing the well-being of persons with disability (Department Of Social Welfare, 2009) As we know, disable persons are part of the society. They have the right to have the same thing like the able bodied people. But, what can be seen until today, many people are still neglecting the disable persons. The disable persons have been treated like they should not belong to the society. There is a verse in the Quran, revealed by Allah to the prophet Muhammad in accordance to the behavior of normal people towards the disable persons. It is connected to an a incident which reflects the highest honour on the prophet sincerity in the revelations that were vouch to him even if they
seemed to reprove him for some natural and human zeal that lead him to a false step in his mission according to his own high standards. “The prophet frowned and turned away, because there came to him in the blind man. But, what could tell thee, but that perchance he might grow (in spiritual understanding)?” (Surah „Abasa, 80: 1-3) This incident shows us that even though the people who are disable, we must accept them as one of the community in the society. The able bodied persons should understand and try to help them by the knowing their needs as to ease their life. In Malaysia, the disable people‟s day is celebrated on the 3rd December every year in observant of the international day of the disable persons proclaim by united nation general assembly in 1992. There are few institutions under government that cater the needs of disable people which are; a. Taman Sinar Harapan b. Pusat Latihan Perindustrian Dan Pemulihan (PLPP) c. Bengkel Daya / Terlindung d. Pusat Harian Bukit Tunku ACCESSIBILITY Asiah Abdul Rahim (2011) stated that, as a developing country, Malaysia has been actively providing accessibility that is disabled friendly thus having the benefits of being user friendly to all ages in the community. Accessibility is related to barrier-free design. Barrier-free is term which solely constitutes of accessibility, usability and safety, which is useful to explain in many developing countries, but since the advent of Universal Design in 1994, many countries have adopted the term Universal Design including the PWD Act Malaysia 2008. (Holmes, 1996) There are three aspects taken into account when consultants rate the accessibility of the building which are Accessibility, Usability and Safety. A building will be rated a "passing" evaluation if these three principles are fulfilled with scores 65%, based on the Universal Design Index (Asiah Abdul Rahim, 2011). Universal Design Index is based on following principles of; i. Connectivity ii. Accessibility iii. Usability iv. Safety v. Integrated Design vi. Operation and Maintenance THE UNIVERSAL DESIGN Nur Hanani (2003) in her research emphasized that, according to Dobkin and Peterson (1999), in response to changing lifestyle and a growing appreciation for diversity in people, we are moving towards environments that support and adapt to variety of people. Before, people are talking about designing for wheelchair users and disabled people, thus, creating the concept of disabled friendly and barrier-free environment. Nowadays, people are combining all design criteria of all kinds of people into one universal design that suit with everybody. Persons with Disabilities Act (2008) defined Universal Design as the design of products, environments, programmes and services to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible without the need for adaptation or specialized design and shall include assistive devices for particular groups of persons with disabilities where this is needed. According to Victoria Transport Policy (2010), universal design (also called Inclusive Design, Accessible Design or just Accessibility) refers to facility designs that accommodate the widest range of potential users, including people with mobility and visual impairment (disabilities) and other special needs. It should be comprehensive, meaning that it result in seamless mobility options from origin to destination for the greatest possible range of potential users. It should consider all possible obstacles that may exist in buildings, transportation terminal, sidewalks, path, roads, and vehicles. Furthermore, universal design takes into account the multigenerational needs such as children, elderly people, pregnant ladies and needs of those who have sensory or mobility impairments and wheelchairs
user to move freely from one place to another place. Universal design is intended to be inclusive and not exclusive. Universal design is accompanied by a set of seven principles which have been applied to evaluate existing designs, guide the design process and educate both designers and consumers about the characteristics of more usable products and environments. There are several ways in achieving universal design in the built environment which are legislation, policies, standards, guidelines, implementation and enforcement, awareness training, access officers in local government, access advisory group or technical committee, access inspectors(individuals/NGOs) and access consultants (professional, training). Universal design has two major components: 1. Designing products so that they are flexible enough that they can be directly used (without requiring any assistive technologies or modifications) by people with the widest range of abilities and circumstances as is commercially practical given current materials, technologies, and knowledge; and 2. Designing products so that they are compatible with the assistive technologies that might be used by those who cannot efficiently access and use the products directly. PRINCIPLES OF UNIVERSAL DESIGN There are seven principles of universal design, developed under the direction of Center for Universal Design of North California State University in 1999 (revised on September 2002) towards the goal of making every space and product universal ( NC State University). The principles are as follows; a) Equitable use The design is useful and marketable to people with diverse abilities. It provides the same means of use for all users, avoiding segregating or stigmatizing any users. Besides the provisions for privacy, security and safety should be equally available to all users. b) Flexibility in use The design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences and abilities; choices in methods of use, facilitates the user‟s accuracy and precisions and provide adaptability to the user‟s pace. c) Simple and intuitive use Use of the design is easy to understand, regardless of the user‟s experience, knowledge, language skills or current concentration level. d) Perceptible information The design communicates the necessary information effectively to the users, regardless of ambient conditions or the user‟s sensory abilities. e) Tolerance for error The design minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions. It can be done by the arrangement of elements, provide warnings of hazards and errors, provide fail safe features and discourage unconscious actions in tasks that require vigilance. f) Low physical effort The design can be used efficiently and comfortably and with minimum fatigue. It allow user to maintain a neutral body position, use reasonable operating force, minimize repetitive actions and sustained physical efforts.
g) Size and space for approach and use Appropriate size and space is provided for approach, reach, manipulation and use regardless of user‟s body size, posture or mobility.
TRAINING CENTRE People with severe disabilities are mostly cared for at home by family members or by a domestic helper employed by the family. Other options include staying in institutions for disabled people or private nursing homes for the elderly. Many of the institutions double up as training centre to provide vocational skills to residents for them to earn a living. Emphasis is placed on financial independence. Clearly, without the necessary paper qualification and vocational skills training that a disabled worker needs to secure meaningful employment, employers have little choice but to ignore this significant pool of human resource due to their prejudice. Employers are biased when it comes to recruiting disabled workers because they make unstudied assumptions and opinions. Many of them mistakenly view wheelchairs as career inhibiting factors, thinking that they are not capable of doing a job well or of handling new responsibilities. As a result, disabled workers are excluded from the workforce, leaving behind an untapped human resource. Taking from this cue, the Ministry of National Unity and Social Development has embarked on an initiative to include training as an important area of concern in the self-development and welfare of the disabled community (Ching, 2002).According to Macmillan dictionary (2006), training centre is a place where people live temporarily and learn or develop their skills. Training centre provides care, shelter and rehabilitation, looking after the health and safety of the residents, provides education, guidance and vocational training, have the provision of facilities for physical, social and mental needs, provide counseling and organize production activities related to the local community as a step of reintroduction into society. Case Study: Bangi Industrial Training And Rehabilitation Centre, Bangi. Data analysis for case study. The data analysis of the case study is synthesized in the findings sub-chapters by commenting the advantages and disadvantages of the above criteria. All facilities and spaces are compared to the guidelines for disabled people to ensure the compliance. The data analysis is classified based on the criteria as follows: i. ii. iii. iv. v.
The spaces inside the building The function of the space The space specification (the environment of the space or the material used) The equipment used inside the respective spaces. The users and capacity of the respective spaces.
Introduction Bangi Industrial Training and Rehabilitation Centre is a place where the physically challenged can attain some sense of independence and self-worth. Bangi Industrial Training and Rehabilitation Centre is located in the industrial town of Bangi, which is about 24 kilometers from the capital city of Kuala Lumpur. Built on 25,967 acres of expansive land, the training institute provides vocational training and rehabilitation to the physically handicapped people who are between the ages of 18 to 35 years. The centre comprises a student hostel, rehabilitation ward, recreational area, physiotherapy and occupational therapy unit, classrooms, training workshops, staff quarter and others.
Figure 1.2: Master Planning of Bangi Industrial Training and Rehabilitation Centre 1. Environment and landscape
Figure 1.3: Landscape elements
The training centre incorporates a lot of landscapes and natural environment as to integrate healing environment to the centre. Landscape as one of the elements for healing environment helps in rehabilitation process of the occupants and enhances the views. The landscape elements allow the occupants to feel calm and enjoy their surroundings.
2. External environment Elements
Description of facilities
Remarks
2.1 Pathways and curbs
Alongside the road at the complex, pathways with curb ramps are provided for wheelchair users to wheel around as well as for the safety and easy access of other disabled people such as vision impaired and person with crutches from the complex to the nearby shop lot area. The width of the pathway is around 1200m.
Malaysian Standard, MS1331 (2003
Located at the centre between egress and ingress, the guard house is a standalone building and equipped with facilities for disabled people such as ramps and railings. Function to provide security for the complex, guest need to register at the guard house before entering the complex.
• From the observation at the guard house, ramp is provided at the guard house to allow wheelchair user to utilize the guard house. The ramp gradient is gentle and with railings. There are two different heights of the counter which are suitable for both wheelchair users as well as able odied person • Provide facilities for vision impaired such as tactile guiding and warning block.
Figure 2.1.1: Pathways along the road.
• To enable various types of users utilize the pathways, the width need to be widen to allow at least two wheelchairs to move side by side.
• Provide tactile warning block at the pathways for directions.
Figure 2.1.2: Curb ramp 2.2 Guard House
Figure 2.2.2 : View of guard house
Space Specifications Naturally ventilated with windows and fans •Fluorescent lighting •Homogenous tiles as floor finish Facilities •Counter
Figure 2.2.3: Ramp with railings at the guardhouse
•Ramp •Railings •Tables and chairs •Toilet
3. Internal environment.
Elements 3.1 Parking
Description of facilities
Remarks
There is no special parking space for the disabled person provided at this car park.
•
The parking measurement doesn‟t comply with the standards for accessible parking.
Figure 3.1.1: Parking area inside the centre.
3.2 Walkway
Figure 3.2.1: Covered walkway that connected one building to another.
The centre need to indicate parking designated for disabled people or at least have the right measurement for the parking size. Refer to MS1331(2003)
Two types of parking area which are open parking area and covered parking area.
The walkway is wide enough to allow to wheelchair users from passing side by side. Railings are provided along the walkway to aid disabled people in moving around.
•
Refer to MS1331(2003),installation of tactile block.
•
Refer to MS1184,2002
Tactile block is recently added to guide vision impaired.
Figure 3.2.2: Installation of tactile blocks. 3.3 Ramps Ramps are provided at places where there are changes of levels at the centre. Railings are provided at both sides of the ramp to aid the disabled people when moving around. Figure 3.3.1: Railing were provided at all ramps
Gradient for ramp
Elements
Description of facilities
Remarks
3.4 Wheelchair
washing area
This area is provided to enable wheelchair users to clean up their wheelchair before going to pray or other places. The condition of the area is quite bad with stain all over the place.
Figure 3.4.1: Railing were provided at all ramps
3.5 Railings and handrails
•
Refer to MS1184,2002
•
Refer to MS1184,2002
The railings are mounted on the floor and at the wall. The handrails size is suitable for the users. The handrails is mounted at the height of 900mm.
Figure 3.5.1: Railings mounted at the wall.
3.6 Doors Sliding doors were used for certain spaces such as toilets. The used of sliding door make it easy for disabled people to enter the area without obstruction.
Figure 3.6.1: Sliding door used for toilet.
3.7 Alarm
Figure 3.7.1: Alarm mounted on the wall
Other additional features are emergency alarm for help or assistant. This alarm is mounted at the wall where disabled people just need to press the button if they need any helps.
4. Buildings and facilities Elements
Description of facilities
Remarks
The building consists of one basketball court, badminton court, netball and others. The stage is equipped with ramps to enable the disabled people especially wheelchair user to get on stage.
There is ramp provided up until the drop off of the buildings. The ramp is very gentle. The materials used can slow down the movement of the vehicles. The drop off area is wide and shaded.
4.1 Sport facilities
Figure 4.1.1: View of the sports hall.
Space Specifications •Naturally ventilated with windows and fans •Parquet for the internal floor finishes and cement render for external. •Long span structure for hall
Figure 4.1.2: View of the sports hall.
Facilities •Sports facilities such as basketball, table tennis and others. •Ramp •Railings •Tables and chairs
Figure 4.1.3: View of the sports hall.
Figure 4.1.4: View of the sports hall.
•Toilet
The court is basically almost the same with other typical indoor court except modification at the stage and seating area. The stage is equipped with ramp to allow the wheelchair users to ramp up the stage. However, the material used for the stage and ramp is quite slippery. Inadequate amount of lighting for the area.
Elements
4.2 Musolla (female)
Description of facilities
Remarks
Entrance
Provide tactile block at the required area as to avoid vision impaired from being hurt.
The entrance is accessible to the disabled even though it is higher than ground level as ramp is provided at the area.
Figure 4.2.1: View towards the musolla entrance.
The use of sliding door makes it easy for wheelchair users to come in but very dangerous to the vision impaired. Ablution area The ablution area is designed properly for the disabled people. Different level of sink height is provided for different type of disability.
Figure 4.2.2: View of the female ablution area.
Provide seat at the ablution area. Provide tactile block at the required area as to avoid vision impaired from being hurt. The height for the wash basin was adjusted according to the Malaysian standard which requires 750mm high for wheelchair users. Toilets :
Toilet area Corridor in front of the toilets is wide enough for two wheelchairs to move side by side.All the cubical is design for disabled people. Provide area for wheelchair user to pray at female musolla. Provide ramp at the area as well as tactile block.
Figure 4.2.3: View of the toilets.
Praying area There are steps to go to the praying area.The height of the switch is accessible by the wheelchair user.
Figure 4.2.4: View towards the praying area.
Elements
Description of facilities
Remarks
Ablutions area
The height for the wash basin was adjusted according to the Malaysian standard which requires 750mm high for wheelchair users.
4.3 Musolla (male) Male ablution area is accessible and has seating area. The height of the sink and mirror is different for normal and wheelchair users. Figure 4.3.1: Male ablutions area. Praying area There is special place provided for wheelchair users to pray at the side of the praying hall.
Figure 4.3.2: Praying area for wheelchair user.
4.4 Hostel The hostels are located in front of the indoor court and near to the main facilities such as workshop, musolla, dining area and others. This four stories hostel equipped with lifts and ramps inside for accessibility of the occupants. Space Specifications Figure 4.4.1: View towards hostel.
•Naturally ventilated with windows and fans •Cement render floor for rooms and walkway while ceramic floor for toilets and washing area. Facilities
Figure 4.4.2: Views of corridor in front of the dorm.
•
Reading area
•
Washing area
•
Ramp and railings
•
Lifts
•
Toilet
•
Musolla
•
Drying area
•
Store
The corridor is wide enough to enable two wheelchair users to move side by side.Protruding column is dangerous to the vision impaired. Provide guiding and warning block to guide vision impaired to move along the corridor.
Elements
Description of facilities
Remarks
Reading area
The height of the screen needs to be adjusted to be suitable with the audience views.
The reading area is equipped with audio visual aid for learning purpose. Figure 4.4.3: Views of the Audio Visual Room Drying area The drying panel is provided for wheelchair users only. Not suitable as the area is quite dark for drying area as there is not enough day lighting.
Need to provide drying panel that can be adjusted according to the height of the users.Relocate the area or allow more natural day lighting at the area.
Figure 4.4.4: View of the dying yard Washing area. Washing machine with different height is provided for different type of users.
Figure 4.4.5: View of the washing area. Toilet. Provide different height of sink for The sink height is only different type of users. suitable for one type of user. The toilet bowl with flip top is good for the disabled people as they can seat on it without fear to fall inside the bowl. Figure 4.4.6: View inside the toilet.
Elements
Description of facilities
Remarks
Figure 4.4.7: View of the toilet area. Seat is provided inside the shower to help those who are unable to stand. The height of the tap is suitable for people who is seating.
Figure 4.4.8: View of the shower area.
Door Door
Refer to Code on Accessibility (2007)
All the door size is wide allowing the comfortable movement of wheelchair users. The door is swing outside for easy movement of the wheelchair. Figure 4.4.9: Types of door used. Ramp The ramp that is provided at the hostel area for means of movement and escapes have gentle gradient.
Figure 4.4.10: Ramp provided at the hostel.
Ramp Provide handrails along the ramp as to assists the disable people.
Elements
Description of facilities
Remarks
Musolla
Allow more natural day lighting inside the area.
The Musolla have different height of sink for different type of users. Not enough day lighting at the area Figure 4.4.7: View of the musolla area.
Hostel The room is quite spacious with wide space to maneuver around. Figure 4.4.8: View of the ablution area.
Adequate natural day lighting for the rooms.
Figure 4.4.9: View of the dorm area.
4.5 Administration building
Figure 4.5.1: View of the chair.
The administrative building is equipped with automatic chair which carry disabled person or age people from downstairs to upstairs. This system is the best alternative to replace the use of lift inside the buildings if the building is only a few stories.
The drawers need to be adjusted at height that is accessible to the wheelchair users.
Elements
4.6 Rehabilitation Area
Figure 4.6.1: View inside the occupational therapy unit.
Description of facilities
Remarks
Occupational therapy unit
Occupational therapy unit
Occupational therapy offers assessment, hand function training, early intervention programme, activity of daily living training, cognitive & attention training, fine & gross motor training, sensory integration treatment, oralfacial muscle training, visual perception training, social interaction skills training (Group therapy), behavioural modification, sensory stimulations, stress management and others . Physiotherapy unit.
Figure 4.6.2: View inside the physiotherapy unit.
Figure 4.6.3: View inside the rehabilitation ward.
Physiotherapy treatment offer Electrotherapy, Rehabilitation for sports injury patients. Spinal cord injury rehabilitation, Exercise regimes for post operation conditions. Physiotherapy treatment will help people with disability to regain and improve physical functions, to enhance patient's quality of life, provide pain management and offer education. Some of the facilities inside the unit are hydrotheraphy room, electrotheraphy and physical training room.
4.7 Prosthethic Unit Prosthetic unit offers hand on job training based on request from client. Consists of a few rooms from consultation rooms with client to the manufacturing area. Figure 4.7.1: View inside the rehabilitation ward.
Enhance the circulation of users for the unit to smoothen the work flow.
Elements
Description of facilities
4.8 Workshop and classroom
There are two sewing classroom at the centre
Figure 4.8.1: View inside the sewing classroom. Art and batik classroom is located inside the same workshop area. This vocational course is the easiest courses offered for low IQ people. Figure 4.8.2: View inside art classroom.
Figure 4.8.4: View inside electronik workshop.
4.9 Canteen
Figure 4.6.3: View inside the rehabilitation ward.
The canteen is located near the musolla, at the focal point of the centre as to minimize the walking distance for people to walk from the main administration building, hostels, workshop, classroom and other places.
Remarks
CONCLUSION This paper describes the criteria of design for spaces and facilities for PWD‟s training centre. After analyzing and synthesizing the literature review and the case studies, it can be concluded that the existing training centre needs to upgrade certain facilities that they have. They also need to renovate and provide facilities needed for vision impaired such as tactile guiding and warning block. It is highly recommended that the training centre should have all the facilities under one roof which will decrease the need to travel from one place to another place and decrease the transportations cost. The management of the centre could become more systematic and manageable. The research carried out in Bangi Industrial Training and Rehabilitation Centre will be the basis for future Training Centre with Living Environment for people with disabilities that integrate training, therapy and rehabilitation,residential area as well as commercial area.
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