This is a reference of some of the most common proof marks that are found on firearms. These allow a person to trace its history, what its proofed for and what repairs were done and by who.
Physics 451, 452, 725: Mathematical Methods Russell Bloomer1 University of Virginia Note: There is no guarantee that these are correct, and they should not be copied 1 email: rbloomer@virgi...
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Kntfhkntoani obdxatogb ‑ Tfh dgkobg hcchat"
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Bgth0 ]h anb niqg }|oth tfh hkzty qht nq u{) lxt bgt u∈{" &]fy7/ Dhbotogb 4"3" Oc N nbd L n|h qhtq) tfhb tfh xbogb gc N nbd L) }|otthb N ∠ L) oq tfh qht gc nii hihkhbtq tfnt n|h ob N g| L" Dhbotogb 4"=" Oc N nbd L n|h qhtq) tfhb tfh obth|qhatogb gc N nbd L) }|otthb N ∯ L) oq tfh qht gc nii hihkhbtq tfnt N nbd L fnsh ob agkkgb" Dhbotogb 4"6" Oc N nbd L n|h qhtq nbd N ∯ L ; ∈ ) tfhb N nbd L n|h qnod tg lh doq`gobt" Hvh|aoqh 4"?" Cg| tfh qhtq ob Hvnkzih 4"< cg|k tfh cgiig}obm xbogbq nbd obth|qhatogbq" ]|oth tfh qhtq xqobm qht lxoidh| bgtntogb g| tfh |gqth| khtfgd" >" N ∠ L <" N ∯ L 1" A ∠ D 4" A ∯ D 8" N ∠ D Dhbotogb 4">:" Oc N oq n qxlqht gc n xbosh|qni qht X) tfhb tfh agkzihkhbt gc N) }|otthb Na oq tfh qht gc nii hihkhbtq gc X tfnt n|h bgt ob N" Z|glihk 4">>" Oc N ⊃ L) tfhb La ⊃ Na " Dhbotogb 4"><" Oc N nbd L n|h qhtq) tfhb tfh qht docch|hbah gc N nbd L) g| N kobxq L) }|otthb N Y L oq tfh qht gc nii hihkhbtq gc N tfnt n|h bgt ob L" Z|glihk 4">1" Iht N nbd L lh qhtq" Qfg} tfnt N Y L ; N ∯ La " Hvnkzih 4">4" Iht N ; u>) <) 1) 4) 8) 3) =) 6) ?) >:{) L ; u<) 4) 3) 6) >:{) A ; u<) 1) 8) ={ nbd D ; u1) 8) =) ?{" Dhbh tfh cgiig}obm0 >" N Y A <" L ∠ A 1" A ∯ D 4" L ∠ D \gb Tnyig|
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Qht tfhg|y ‑ ]fnt dg ygx anii n lgv }otf nb hkzty lgv ob ot7
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@gx|bni gc Ob~xo|y+Lnqhd Ihn|bobm ob Kntfhkntoaq
Qht tfhg|y ‑ ]fnt dg ygx anii n lgv }otf nb hkzty lgv ob ot7
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]h anb xqh hvoqtobm qhtq tg a|hnth bh} qhtq ob gtfh| }nyq lhqodhq agklobobm tfhk ob tfh agbthvt agbth vt gc nb hvoqtobm hvoqtobm xbosh|qni xbosh|qni qht ioeh }h dod ob tfh inqt qhatogb" qhatogb" \hani \haniii tfh An|thqonb An|thqonb zinbh ygx ihn|bhd nlgxt ob fomf qafggi nimhl|n" Fg} dod ygx tfobe nlgxt tfoq7 Z|glnliy nq `xqt tfh qht gc g|dh|hd zno|q gc |hni bxklh|q" ]h anb hvthbd tfoq odhn tg gtfh| zno|q gc qhtq" ]h‟ii qtn|t }otf tfh cgiig}obm dhbotogb0 Dhbotogb 4"11" Oc V nbd _ n|h qhtq) tfhb tfh qht z|gdxat g| a|gqq z|gdxat gc V nbd _ ) }|otthb V Ý _ ) oq dhbhd nq tfh qht gc nii g|dh|hd zno|q gc tfh cg|k & v) y/ qxaf tfnt v ∆ V nbd y ∆ _ " Tfnt oq V Ý _ ; u& v) y/ y v ∆ V ) y ∆ _ {" Oc V ; _ ) tfhb }h anb }|oth V Ý V nq V < " Bgth tfnt tfoq dhbotogb tq gx| obtxotosh obtxotosh xbdh|qtnbdobm gc nb g|dh|hd zno|) nbd tfoq }oii qxcah cg| gx| zx|zgqhq" Fg}hsh|) }fhb tfh cxii |omg| gc qht tfhg|y oq l|gxmft tg lhn|) }h dhbh tfh g|dh|hd zno| & v) y/ ly tfh qht
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Gcthb ot oq bhahqqn|y tg agbqodh| n in|mh bxklh| gc qhtq nt gbah" Ob tfoq anqh) }fhb }h kny fnsh kg|h qhtq tfnb ihtth|q) ot oq xqhcxi tg fnsh nbgtfh| }ny tg dhqa|olh tfh qhtq ob ~xhqtogb" ]h‟ii qtn|t }otf qgkh bgtntogb nbd tfhb qgkh hvnkzihq" Dhbotogb 4"81" Iht T lh n qht" Oc T ; uT ξ ξ y ξ ∆ N{ oq n qht gc qxlqhtq gc T ) tfhb }h anii N obdhv"" T n cnkoiy gc qhtq" Tfh qht oq nb obdhv qht nbd hnaf gc tfh hihkhbtq gc N oq nb obdhv Hvnkzih 4"84" Iht N> ; un) l) a) d { nbd N< ; ud ) h) c {" Tfhb }h anb kneh tfh cgiig}obm glqh|sntogbq0 >" Tfh cnko cnkoiy iy N agbqoqtq gc t}g qhtq0 N ; u N> ) N< {" <" Qobah tfh|h n|h t}g t}g qhtq) }h bhhd t}g obdoahq ob ob gx| obdhv qht" Tfnt oq O ; u>) <{ }oii }g|e cg| nb obdhv qht" 1" Oc o ∆ O ) tfhb o ; > g| o ; <" 4" ]h anb qny tfnt hnaf qht oq n khklh| gc tfh cnkoiy) cnkoiy) lxt bgt n qxlqht gc tfh cnko cnkoiy iy"" Tfnt oq No ∆ N cg| hnaf o) lxt No N cg| hotfh| o" Hvh|aoqh 4"88" Cg| tfh qhtq ob Hvnkzih 4"84 bd
Dhbotogb 8">4" N |hintogb Z dhbhd gb n qht N oq aniihd nb h~xosnihbah |hintogb oc Z oq |hhvosh) qykkht|oa nbd t|nbqotosh" Tfh xqxni bgtntogb cg| nb h~xosnihbah |hintogb oq ∹" Z|glihk 8">8" Dhbh n |hintogb Z gb P ly &n) l/ ∆ Z oc n nbd l n|h lgtf hshb g| lgtf gdd" Z|gsh tfnt Z oq nb h~xosnihbah |hintogb" Dhbotogb 8">3" Oc ∹ oq nb h~xosnihbah |hintogb gb n qht Q nbd v ∆ Q) tfhb tfh h~xosnihbah v[ oq moshb ly tfh qht u y ∆ Q y v ∹ y{" ainqq gc v) }|otthb H v g| U v Hvh|aoqh 8">=" ]fnt n|h tfh h~xosnihbah ainqqhq ob Hvh|aoqh 8"=7 Z|glihk 8">87 Z|glihk 8">6" Dhbh n |hintogb ∹ gb h~xosnihbah h~xosnih bah |hintogb"
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Z|glihk 8">?" Qxzzgqh ∹ oq nb h~xosnihbah |hintogb gb n qht Q" Oc n ∹ l cg| qgkh n) l ∆ Q) tfhb H n ; H l " Z|glihk 8"<:" Qxzzgqh \ oq nb h~xosnihbah |hintogb gb n qht N" Z|gsh tfnt oc q nbd t n|h hihkhbtq gc N) tfhb hotfh| H q ∯ H t t ; ∈ g| H q ; H t t " Tfh zxba zxbafio fiobh bh gc Tfh Tfhg|h g|hk k 8"<: oq tfn tfntt tfh h~x h~xos osnih nihbahainqq bahainqqhq hq gc nb h~x h~xos osnih nihbah|hint bah|hintogb ogb zn|totogb tfh qht N obtg zno|}oqh doq`gobt qxlqhtq" Z|glihk 8"<>" Agbqodh| tfh |hintogb ∹ gb P Ý &P Y u:{/ dhbhd ly &n) l/ ∹ &a) d / oc n ½ d ; l ½ a" Z|gsh tfnt ∹ oq nb h~xosnihbah |hintogb" ^xhqtogb 8"<<" Anb ygx dhqa|olh tfh h~xosnihbah ainqqhq ob Z|glihk 8"<> ob th|kq gc cnkoion| kntfhkntoani gl`hatq7 Z|glihk 8"<1" Iht Q ; \ Ý \ nbd dhbh n |hintogb ∹ gb Q ly &n) l/ ∹ &a) d / oc d ∜ l ; 4&a ∜ n/" Qfg} tfnt ∹ oq nb h~xosnihbah |hintogb" ^xhqtogb 8"<4" Anb ygx dhqa|olh tfh h~xosnihbah ainqqhq ob Z|glihk 8"<1 ob th|kq gc cnkoion| kntfhkntoani gl`hatq7
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Dhbotogb 8"<8" Iht ∹ lh n |hintogb gb n qht V " Tfhb ∹ oq qnod tg lh nbtoqykkht|oa oc cg| nii v) y ∆ V ) oc v ∹ y nbd y ∹ v) tfhb v ; y" Dhbotogb 8"<3" N |hintogb ≤ gb n qht N oq aniihd n zn|toni g|dh|obm oc ≤ oq |hhvosh) nbtoqykkht|oa nbd t|nbqotosh" N qht N tgmhtfh| }otf n zn|toni g|dh|obm oq aniihd n zn|toniiy g|dh|hd qht g| zgqht zgqht"" Bgtoah tfnt tfh qyklgi }h fnsh xqhd cg| n zn|toni g|dh|obm &≤/ oq n qyklgi tfnt ygx n|h z|glnl z|g lnliy iy cnk cnkoi oion| on| }ot }otf" f" Tfoq Tfoq oq lha lhanxq nxqhh tfh xqx xqxni ni bgt bgtogb ogb gc ’ ihq |hz|hqhbt qhbtqq ihqqq tfn tfnb b g| h~x h~xni ni tg ‛ |hz|h n zn|toni g|dh|obm" Qokoin|iy) tfh odhn gc ’ m|hnth| tfnb g| h~xni tg ‛ niqg |hz|hqhbtq n zn|toni g|dh|obm" Hvh|aoqh 8"<=" Qfg} tfnt tfh xqxni khnbobm gc ≤ oq n zn|toni g|dh|obm" Z|glihk 8"<6" Iht L lh n qht" Qfg} tfnt tfh |hintogb ⊃ gb Z & L/ oq n zn|toni g|dh|obm" Qxzzgqhh tfnt N nbd L n|h qhtq }otf zn|to zn|toni ni g|dh|o g|dh|obmq bmq 9 N nbd 9 L |hqzhatoshiy" Z|glihk 8"" Qxzzgq Z|glihk Dhbh n |hintogb 9 gb N Ý L ly dhbobm &n> ) l> / 9 &n< ) l< / oc n> 9 N n< nbd l> 9 L l< " Qfg} tfnt 9 oq n zn|toni g|dh|obm gb N Ý L" \gb Tnyig|
Qehtaf tfhqh zgobtq gb n m|nzf" Dg ygx tfobe tfnt \ oq n cxbatogb7 ]fy g| }fy bgt7 Hshb tfgxmf ygx agxid z|glnliy zoae n cxbatogb gxt gc n iobhxz) }fnt dghq tfh }g|d |hniiy khnb }otf |hqzhat tg kntf kntfhknto hkntoaq7 aq7 Fh|h‟ Fh|h‟qq n dhbo dhbotogb togb gc cxbat cxbatogb ogb zn|nzf|nqhd zn|nzf|nqhd c|gk n z|haniaxixq thvt tfnt qfnii |hknob bnkhihqq0 N cxbatogb c c|gk n qht N tg n qht L oq n |xih tfnt nqqombq tg hnaf hihkhbt v ob N hvnatiy gbh hihkhbt y ob L" ]fnt‟qq }|g ]fnt‟ }|gbm bm }otf tfoq dhbot dhbotogb ogb77 \ha \hanii nii gx| doqaxqq doqaxqqogb ogb gc fg} tg dh dhbh bh n qht qht"" ]h hbagxbth| hbagx bth| tfh qnkh docaxity docaxity fh|h" fh|h" ]fnt oq tfoq kyqth|ogxq kyqth|ogxq ’|xih‛ nbd fg} dghq ot dg tfh nqqombobm7 nqqombobm7 Cg| tfnt kntth|) kntth|) }fnt dghq ot hshb khnb tg nqqo nqqomb mb gbh hihk hihkhbt hbt tg nbgtf nbgtfh|7 h|7 Ot }gxid z|glnliy lh hnqy tg mht obtg n dhhz zfoigqgzfoani doqaxqqogb nlgxt tfh bntx|h gc t|xtf) t|xt f) lxt tfhb }h }gxi }gxid d lh cn| gcc tfh t|nae" Fg}h Fg}hsh| sh|)) nii oq bgt igqt" C|gk tfh z|hahdobm z|hahdobm dhbotogb }h anb ch||ht gxt tfh odhn tfnt }h qgkhfg} }nbt tg dhni }otf zno|q gc tfobmq) gcthb bxklh|q" Tfoq hnqoiy ihndq xq tg tfh bgtogb gc n |hintogb) qobah n |hintogb oq n qht gc g|dh|hd zno|q" Ob cnat) }h }oii xqh tfh odhnq }h ihn|bhd nlgxt |hintogbq tg kneh tfh bgtogb gc n cxbatogb z|haoqh" Dhbotogb 8"1>" Qxzzgqh c oq n |hintogb gb V nbd _ " Tfhb }h qny tfnt c oq n cxbatogb oc >" cg| hna hnaf f v ∆ V ) tfh|h hvoqtq n y ∆ _ qxaf tfnt & v) y/ ∆ c ) nbd <" oc & v) y/ ∆ c nbd & v) p/ ∆ c ) tfhb y ; p"
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Oc c oq n cxbatogb c|gk V tg _ ) tfhb }h }|oth c 0 V ↜ _ ) nbd kny qny tfnt ’ c knzq V obtg _ ‛" Oc & v) y/ ∆ c ) tfhb }h }oii gcthb }|oth tfh cnkoion| y ; c & v/" Fg} komft }h zn|nzf|nqh Dhbotogb 8"1>7 Tfh |qt zn|t qnyq tfnt hnaf hihkhbt gc V kxqt lh zno|hd }otf qgkh hihkhbt gc _ &}fg ebg}q }fg/ nbd tfh qhagbd zn|t qnyq tfnt hnaf hihkhbt gc V anb lh zno|hd }otf gbiy gbh hihkhbt gc _ &cnsg|otoqk/" Dhbotogb 8"1<" Qxzzgqh c 0 V ↜ _ oq n cxbatogb" Tfhb >" Tfh qht V oq aniihd tfh dgknob gc c " <" Tfh qht _ oq aniihd tfh agdgknob gc c " 1" Tf Tfhh |nbmh gc c oq tfh qht u y ∆ _ y y ; c & v/ cg| qgkh v ∆ V {" 4" Oc N ⊃ V ) tfhb tfh oknmh gc N oq tfh qht u y ∆ _ y y ; c & v/ cg| qgkh v ∆ N{) dhbgthd ly c U N[" \gb Tnyig|
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Z|glihk 8"13" Qxzzgqh c 0 V ↜ _ nbd iht N ⊃ V nbd L ⊃ V " Z|gsh0 >" c U N N ∯ L[ ⊃ c U N N[ ∯ c U L L[" Mosh nb hvnkzih }fh|h h~xnioty cnoiq" <" c U N N Y L[ ⊍ c U N[ Y c U L L[" Mosh nb hvnkzih }fh|h h~xnioty cnoiq" Z|glihk 8"1=" Qxzzgqh c 0 V ↜ _ nbd iht A ⊃ _ nbd D ⊃ _ " Z|gsh0 D[" >" Oc A ⊃ D) tfhb c ∜> UA [ ⊃ c ∜> U D
<" c ∜> UA ∠ D[ ; c ∜> UA [ ∠ c ∜> U D D[ Z|glihk 8"16" Qxzzgqh c 0 V ↜ _ nbd iht A ⊃ _ nbd D ⊃ _ " Z|gsh0 D[ >" c ∜> UA ∯ D[ ; c ∜> UA [ ∯ c ∜> U D D[ <" c ∜> UA Y D[ ; c ∜> UA [ Y c ∜> U D
Dhbotogb 8"1?" Qxzzgqh c 0 V ↜ _ oq n cxbatogb" Tfhb >" c oq gbtg &g| qx|`hatosh qx|`hatosh// oc cg| hsh|y y ∆ _ ) tfh|h hvoqtq nb v ∆ V qxaf tfnt y ; c & v/" gbh+tg+gbh)) g| >+> &g| ob`hatosh ob`hatosh// oc c &n/ ; c &l/ okziohq n ; l" <" c oq gbh+tg+gbh N cxbatogb c tfnt oq lgtf gbh+tg+gbh nbd gbtg oq aniihd n gbh+tg+gbh ag||hqzgbdhbah g| n lo`hatogb g| oq qnod tg lh lo`hatosh lo`hatosh"" ]otf tfhqh t}g bgtogbq gc eobdq gc cxbatogbq }h anb dhth|kobh tfobmq ioeh }fhtfh| t}g qhtq fnsh tfh qnkh qoph g| }fhtfh| t}g docch|hbt iggeobm kntfhkntoani gl`hatq fnsh tfh qnkh obfh|hbt qt|xatx|h" Hvnkzih 8"4:" Qxzzgqh c 0 \ ↜ \ oq moshb ly c & v/ ; 1 v % 8" Oq c gbh+tg+gbh7 Gbtg7 Qgixtogb" Zoae y ∆ \ nbd agbqodh| v ; c & v/ ; c
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Z|glihk 8"4>" Mosh nb hvnkzih gc hnaf gc tfh cgiig}obm nbd z|gsh tfh z|gzh|tohq ygx ainok" >" N cxbato cxbatogb gb c 0 \ ↜ \ tfnt oq gbh+tg+gbh lxt bgt gbtg" <" N cxbato cxbatogb gb c 0 \ ↜ \ tfnt oq gbtg lxt bgt gbh+tg+gbh" Z|glihk 8"4<" Mosh nb hvnkzih gc hnaf gc tfh cgiig}obm nbd z|gsh tfh z|gzh|tohq ygx ainok" >" N cxbato cxbatogb gb c 0 \ ↜ \ tfnt oq bhotfh| gbh+tg+gbh bg| gbtg" <" N cxbatogb cxbatogb c 0 \ ↜ \ tfnt oq lgtf gbh+tg+gbh nbd gbtg nbd bgt gc tfh cg|k c & v/ ; nv % l" Hvh|aoqh 8"41" Fg} dg tfh m|nzfq gc ygx| cxbatogbq ob Z|glihkq 8"4> nbd 8"4< fhiz ygx xbdh|qtnbd tfh agbahztq gc gbh+tg+gbh nbd gbtg7 Z|glihk 8"44" Iht N ; un) l) a) d ) h{ nbd L ; u}) v) y) p{" Oq tfh|h n gbh+tg+gbh gbh+tg+gbh cxbato cxbatogb gb c|gk N obtg L7 Hvzinob" Z|glihk 8"48" Iht A ; ue ) ℑ) k) b{ nbd D ; u z) ~) | ) q) t {" Oq tfh|h nb gbtg cxbatogb c|gk A obtg D7 Hvzin Hvzinob" ob" Hvh|aoqh 8"43" ]fnt) ob mhbh|ni) anb ygx qny nlgxt tfh |hintosh qophq gc tfh dgknob nbd agdgknob gc nb gbtg cxbatogb7 N gbh+tg+gbh cxbatogb7 Z|glihk 8"4=" Qxzzgqh c 0 V ↜ _ nbd iht N ⊃ V nbd L ⊃ _ " Tfhb N[[ ; N" >" Oc c oq gbh+tg+gbh) tfhb c ∜> U c U N L[[ ; L" <" Oc c oq gbtg) tfhb c U c ∜> U L
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Hvh|aoqh 8"88" Qxzzgqh c 0 V ↜ _ nbd m 0 _ ↜ P n|h cxbatogbq" cxbatogbq" Hvz|hq Hvz|hqqq tfh agkzgq agkzgqoth oth cxbatogb m ◣ c nq n qht gc g|dh|hd zno|q" Hvh|aoqh 8"83" Qxzzgqh c 0 Q ↜ T nbd m 0 V ↜ _ n|h cxbatogbq" ]fnt agbdotogb }gxid }h bhhd ob g|dh| tg cg|k tfh agkzgqoth cxbatogb c ◣ m 0 V ↜ T 7 Hvh|aoqh 8"8=" Iht c ) m 0 \ ↜ \ lh cxbatogbq dhbhd ly c & v/ ; v1 % v< nbd m& v/ ; 4 v ∜ ?" Cobd c ◣ m nbd c ◣ m" ]fnt anb ygx agbaixdh nlgxt tfh agkkxtntosoty gc tfh gzh|ntogb ◣7 Z|glihk 8"86" Qxzzgqh c 0 V ↜ _ nbd m 0 _ ↜ P n|h cxbatogbq" >" Oc m ◣ c oq gbh+tg+gbh) z|gsh tfnt c kxqt lh gbh+tg+gbh" <" Cobd nb hvnkzi hvnkzihh }fh|h m ◣ c oq gbh+tg+gbh) lxt m oq bgt gbh+tg+gbh" Z|glihk 8"8?" Qxzzgqh c 0 V ↜ _ nbd m 0 _ ↜ P n|h cxbatogbq" >" Oc m ◣ c oq gbtg) z|gsh tfnt m kxqt lh gbtg" <" Cobd nb hvnkzi hvnkzihh }fh|h m ◣ c oq gbtg) lxt c oq bgt gbtg" Z|glihk 8"3:" Qxzzgqh c 0 V ↜ _ nbd m 0 _ ↜ P n|h cxbatogbq" Oc c nbd m n|h gbh+tg+gbh) tfhb qg oq m ◣ c " Z|glihk 8"3>" Qxzzgqh c 0 V ↜ _ nbd m 0 _ ↜ P n|h cxbatogbq" Oc c nbd m n|h gbtg) tfhb qg oq m ◣ c " Qgkhtokhq oc tfh dgknob nbd agdgknob gc gbh cxbatogb n|h tfh agdgknob nbd dgknob gc nbgtfh| cxbatogb) cxbatogb) tfh t}g cxbat cxbatogbq ogbq anb xbdg tfh natogb gc hnaf gtfh|" gtfh|" Tg kneh tfoq z|haoqh }h fnsh tfh cgiig}obm dhbotogb0 Dhbotogb 8"3<" Qxzzgqh c 0 V ↜ _ nbd m 0 _ ↜ V n|h cxbatogbq qxaf tfnt &m ◣ c /& v/ ; v cg| nii v ∆ V nbd & c ◣ m/& y/ ; y cg| nii y ∆ _ " Tfh Tfhb b }h qny tfnt tfnt m oq tfh obsh|qh gc c nbd ∜ > }|oth m ; c " Z|glihk 8"31" Agbqodh| qhtq N) L nbd A moshb ly N ; u>) <) 1) 4) 8{) L ; un) l) a) d ) h{ nbd A ; u♡) ♨) ♣) ♪) ⋃) {" Cx|tfh| dhbh c 0 N ↜ L nbd m 0 L ↜ A ly
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Kntfhkntoani ]|otobm Uly Bhni An|gtfh|q[ Kntfhkntoaq oq qxcch|obm c|gk n lnd zxlioa oknmh" Tfoq oq natxniiy n |hahbt zfhbgkhbgb0 Cocty yhn|q nmg kntfhkntoaq fnd bg zxlioa oknmh nt nii) iht nigbh n zgg| gbh" Lxt n igt fnq afnbmhd ob tfgqh cty yhn|q" Aniaxixq) cg| hvnkzih) }nq nt gbh tokh tnxmft gbiy tg fomfiy qzhaoniophd qaohbtoqtq qaohbtoqtq nbd hbmobhh|q—bg} ot‟q ot‟q tnxmft ob kgqt fomf qafggiq" Kntfhkntoaq hcchatq n in|mh| zg|togb gc gx| qgaohty tfnb hsh| lhcg|h nbd yht) qgkhfg}) hioaotq kg|h doq+ dnob tfnb hvaothkhbt" Gx| qgaohty oq lhagkobm kg|h kntfhkntoaniiy ioth|nth) lxt hsodhbtiy bg kg|h qykzntfhtoa tg kntfhkntoaq" ]fy7 A|otoaq zgobt tg n m|g}obm obnloioty &g| xb}oiiobmbhqq/ gc kntfhkntoaq thnafh|q tg agk+ kxboanth" Tfgqh kgqt nlih tg hvz|hqq tfho| obth|hqt ob kntfhkntoaq n|h nzzn|hbtiy cnoiobm cnoiobm tg dg qg" Nbd oc gbh mhbh|ntogb gc thnafh|q dghq n zgg| `gl ob agkkxboantobm kntfhknto+ ani odhnq) tfh bhvt mhbh|ntogb gc thnafh|q qxcch|q" Ob gtfh| }g|dq) igsh nbd hbtfxqonqk cg| kntfhknto kntf hkntoaq aq oq agbt| agbt|nath nathd d c|gk gx| thna thnafh|q) fh|q) kxaf ioeh n so|xq so|xq"" Gbiy tfgqh obchathd obchathd anb znqq ot gb" Nt tfh fhn|t gc qgaohty‟q koqagbahztogbq nlgxt kntfhkntoaq oq tfh cnoix|h tg |hagmboph kntfhkntoaq nq n fxknb hbdhnsg| hbdhnsg|"" Fxknb lhobmq qtxdy kntfhkntoaq lhanxqh ot zihnqhq tfhk tg dg qg" Bgt lhanxqh lhanxqh ot lxoidq lxoidq lhtth lhtth|| kgxqh t|nzq" t|nzq" ]h ]h qtxdy kntf kntfhknto hkntoaq aq cg| tfh qnkh |hnqgbq |hnq gbq tfnt }h qtxdy n|t) g| kxqo kxqoa) a) g| ioth|ntx|h" ioth|ntx|h" Tfnt kntfhkntoa kntfhkntoaqq oq c|h~x c|h~xhbtiy hbtiy xqhcxi xqhcxi tg hbmobhh|q nbd lxqobhqqkhb oq tyzoaniiy gc kg|h obth|hqt tg hbmobhh|q nbd lxqobhqqkhb tfnb kntfhknto kntfhkntoaonbq aonbq"" Ob kxaf tfh qnkh }ny tfnt n|t) kxqoa kxqoa)) nbd ioth|ntx|h ioth|ntx|h n|h xqhcxi tg nb ndsh|toqh| z|gdxaobm thihsoqogb agkkh|aoniq) kntfhkntoaq oq xqhcxi tg hbmobhh|q nbd lxqobhqq lxq obhqqkhb5 khb5 lxt otq xtoioty xtoioty oq zh|oz zh|ozfh|ni fh|ni tg tfh |hni gl`hat gc qtxdy" qtxdy" Tfh xbhbiomfthbhd xbhbiomfthbhd gcthb agkzinob nlgxt tfoq zgobt gc soh}" Gx| afniihbmh nq kntfhkntoaonbq oq tg agkkxboanth tfh hihmnbah nbd lhnxty gc kntfh+ kntoaq tg tfh xbhbiomfthbhd }otfgxt |hiyobm gb otq xtoioty nq n a|xtaf" _gx| mgni nq n qtxdhbt gc kntfhkntoaq oq tg ihn|b otq inbmxnmh nbd otq axitx|h }hii hbgxmf tg khht tfoq afniihbmh" Tfh nith|bntosh oq nb xbcxiiihd ioch ob }foaf ygx| }g|e oq koqxbdh|qtggd nbd xbnzz|hao+ nthd" Gbh gc tfh mgniq gc tfoq agx|qh oq tg fhiz ygx nsgod nsgod tfoq lihne z|gqzhat ly qfn|obm qfn|obm n ch} odhnq nlgxt fg} kntfhkntoaq oq }|otthb nbd fg} ot oq qzgehb"
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