A Study on
“ROLE OF HANDICRAFT ASSOCIATION ON EXPORT PROMOTION OF THANKA”
By
BHAIRAB PD. PANDEY T.U. Registration number: 7-1-246-5-2004 College Roll No: 174/063
Exam Roll No : 310796
A Field Work Report Submitted to
Public youth Campus Paknajol, Kathmandu In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Business Studies August 20
Faculty of Management
Tribhuvan University Public Youth Campus Recommendation This is certify that the field work assignment report: Submitted by:
BHAIRAB PD. PANDEY
Entitled
“Role of Handicraft Association on Export Promotion of Thanka”
Has been prepared as approved as by this department This fieldwork assignment report is forwarded for examination
Supervisor Date:-……………. Head of Department Public Youth Campus 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This field work report has been prepared under Small Business as partial fulfill requirement of Bachelor of Business Studies (BBS) programs of faculty of management T.U. I hope this study will help those who wish to study about Hand Made Paper Product in the future. A detailed list of authors, books & other sources which were used as fundamental sources in course of preparation of this report has been included in Bibliography which will be useful to those enthusiastic to enter the source. I would heartily like to thanks to our Lecturers of Public Youth Campus (Campus Coordinator), and all other respected lecturers of the college. I am also grateful to the staff of Handicraft Association of Nepal, especially towards manager for their efforts to conduct this study by providing necessary data. Lastly, I would like to extend sincere gratitude to the known and unknown writer of the books and references that has been taken during the preparation of this field report. Also my thanks goes to all of my friends for their regular motivation, support and help to make this report possible.
BHAIRAB PD. PANDEY Public Youth Campus
3
Contents Page No. ii iii iv v vi
To Whom It May Concern Recommendation Acknowledgement List of Table & Figures List of Abbreviation Used Chapter I
1-12
1.1 Background of the Study 1.1.1 Handicraft 1.1.2 Introduction to Handicraft Association on Nepal 1.1.3 Export Procedure of Handicraft 1.1.4 Introduction of Thanka 1.1.5 Organization Structure of Handicraft Associaition 1.2 Statement of the problem 1.3 Objective of The Study 1.4 Significance of the Study 1.3 Research Methodology 1.5 Research Methodology 1.5.1 Research Design 1.5.2 Nature and Sources of Data 1.5.3 Data Collection Technique 1.5.4 Data analysis tools 1.6 Limitation of the Study Chapter II DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
1 2 3 5 6 8 9 9 10 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 13-21
2.1 Relationship of Thanka export with total export of handicraft 13 2.2 Tendency of Thanka export 17 2.3 Country wise Export of Thanka 19 Chapter III SUMMARY, CONCLUSION & RECOMM. 3.1 Summary 3.2 Conclusion 3.3 Recommendation
22-26 22 24 25
Bibliography 4
List of Tables and Figures List of Tables
6-25
Table No. Title of Table Page No 1 2 3 4
Total Handicraft Export and Export of Thanka Calculation of Coorelation Coefficient Estimation of Trend line by least square method Country wise Export of Thanka
13 16 18 20
List of Figures
14-26
1 2 3 4
14 14 19 20
Bar Diagram Showing Total Handicraft Export Bar Diagram Showing Thanka Export Trend of Thanka Export Country Wise Wise Export of Thanka
5
List of Abberviations Used BBS
: Bachelor of business study
C.V.
: Coefficient of Variation
FY
: Fiscal Year
HAN
: Handicraft Association of Nepal
USA
: United State of America
URL
: Universal Resource Locator
6
CHAPTER-I INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background Of The Study
Due to the rapid development in the field of science and technology, the economy of the any nation is highly affected. Due to the globalization, the organizations are getting borderless and the world has become very small. No nation can remain isolated from one another due to the digital revelation in technology. International trade had flourished worldwide. In fact it has become a part of economic activities in all nations.
Now a day the International trade is regarded as a key factor to measure the economic growth of a nation. Any country needs foreign currency of its economic prosperity. Both developed & underdeveloped countries can gain much more benefits from foreign trade. It can be very good source for earning foreign exchange. So, the developing countries like Nepal has no such satisfactory industrial products to export. But some distinct products which it produces „the best‟ and has high demand and export phisibility in the international market. One of the most common product having good export phisibility is handicraft. So the study of this product regarding export and its promotion is being essential.
7
1.1.1 Handicraft Generally, a producer solely made by human hands without using any kinds of complicated machinery and equipment is called handicraft. A simple dictionary meaning of handicraft is “an art or craft needing skill with the hands”. It is the practice of making decorative of functional objects, wholly or partly by hand, an requiring both manual and artistic skill According to Encyclopedia Britannica; “Handicraft is the occupation of making by hands usable products graced with visual appeal. Handicraft includes such activities as needlework, lace-making, weaving, printed textile decoration, basketry, pottery, ornamental, metal working, jeweler, leather working and wood working and such crafts as glass blowing and the making of stain glass that requires complex facilities” Therefore, we can say that handicrafts is an occupation that involves making usable or decorative products by hand. For e.g. Origami (Japanese for „paper folding‟). Developed in Japan, Origami is the art of making/creating different kinds of objects by folding a sheet of paper. They created forms range from simple figures to complex designs complete with handicraft enjoyed worldwide. It has been popular especially as an art from and hobby in Spain and Latin America.
Handicraft have been a valuable part of Nepalese heritage. They express the great tradition and proud culture of this great Himalayan Kingdom. Their origin can be traced back to the Stone Age when human beings were devoid of tools of any king. The history of articles of everyday use
8
may be as old as the history of man living in Nepal itself. But the history of „artistic handicrafts‟ probably can be traced only since the 5th century A.D. When one looks back to the Nepalese handicrafts design, materials, tools, craftsmanship and product development he/she finds them as old as the human civilization. 1.1.2 Introduction to Handicraft Association of Nepal
Handicraft Association of Nepal was established on 1971 to enhance and promote handicraft trade and industry. It was registered under Institutional Registration Act of Nepal. As a service oriented, non-profitable organization of private sector business and artisan community, it helps its members to improve their productivity, explore markets and introduce them to the international arena. It also works as a liaison between the members and the Government / Non-Government organization. The Association has more than 1400 members and three branches within Nepal. Today HAN has its own web site for the seekers of information about handicraft. Aims & Objectives of Handicraft Association of Nepal Broadly, Association‟s aims and objectives are as follows, To work towards steady growth of handicraft trade industry. To encourage Nepalese artisans to adopt handicraft promotion s their profession by reserving Nepalese Cultural Heritage and to popularize it in the world.
9
To Provide pragmatic suggestion and advice to His Majesty‟s Government and its related agencies to formulate policy/programs for the betterment of Handicraft Trade & Industry. To popularize and promote handicraft products. To strive towards enhancing the quality of handicraft goods and its productivity. Activities To attain its aim and objectives, the Association has been undertaking the following activities. Organize seminars, symposiums and conferences on various topics relevant to strengthening of the handicraft trade and industry. Explore additional markets for the handicraft products. Organize Exhibition and Trade Fairs to highlight handicraft products and create public awareness in its usage. Activate and increase contacts with national and international Agencies for the growth of handicraft trade and industry. Institute award in recognition of highest Export and best craftsmanship. Arrange participation in international trade fairs and organize exhibition for its members. Publication of news bulletins, books, catalogues, directory and the materials relevant to handicraft trade and industry. Act as catalytic agent for management of training program for the benefit of its members. Issuance of valuation certificates for handicraft and silver products. 10
Certification of products made from the parts of domestic animals. Documentation & Dissemination of information regarding handicraft trade industry. 1.1.3 Export Procedure of Handicraft
1.
An export should have:
a.
Registration of Firm/ Company/ Industry
b.
Registration in Local tax office
c.
Current account in commercial bank
II. An export order could be affected a. If a letter of credit is opened on the exporters‟ name, or b. Advance payment is deposited, in convertible currency, in the exporter‟s bank account, or c. Samples, up to the value of US $ 150 could be exported without the condition stated in II. a and b III. Documents required for Export
a.
Commercial invoice certificate by Handicraft Association of Nepal.
b.
Packing list.
c.
Certificate of origin.
d.
Nepal Rastra Bank Declaration form.
e.
Certificate from Handicraft Association of Nepal. 11
f.
Advance Payment or Letter of Credit.
g.
Authorized letter
h.
A copy of Firm registration/Income tax registration
i.
A copy of customs agent registration.
j.
Museum pass certificate.
k.
G.S. (Generalized System of Preference) form A.
l.
No objection letter from Handicraft Association of Nepal.
m. Recommendation letter from Depart of Forestry for forest based products. n.
Recommendation letter from Department of Mines for some mineral products.
1.1.4 Introduction of Thanka The most popular paintings on canvas (coarse cotton) and on thick paper are often called thankas or pauvas based on the Tibetan influence are mostly introduced by the Tibetan refugees settled in Nepal and by the Sherpas and tamang tribes of the northern regions. Amongst a sect in northern Nepal, as in Tibet, the second son in every household be sent to a gumba (monastery), where he is trained to be a lama. Fine arts are one of the subjects for those students, who gradually turn into masters. This tradition is the chief reason for the profusion of paintings, (mainly on especially prepared and smoked cloth, but also on various other surfaces) that fill up all the gumbas in lama lands. This tradition is embued to the present generation as well, that these thankas based on traditional symbols, forms styles, and color arrangements and are carried out in gouache. Some for the artistic religious and historical paintings are also done by the Newars of Kathmandu Valley. 12
Varietis of the Buddhists and Hindu deities, secret philosophes and illustrative scenes full of narratives are painted by traditional methods. Mostly such paintings contain horror provoking images, the wheel of life, images of different gods and goddesses, illustrations of stories, various shaktis (erotic figures), imaginary representations of the great thinkers, etc. some of these paintings were originally made to fulfill certain purposes, such as (a) to serve as a guide out of chaos of the unconscious and the entanglements of the world. (b) As a support of concentration, meditation and ritual aids on the way towards the centre of the consmos and self and(c) as a magical instruments were merely looking at a painting the faithful might achieve what is desired.
While painting on coarse cotton of the ground with a mixture of chalk and glue, the colour, being likewise mixed with glue, become one with the ground. The finished painting is varnished with glue, become one duck‟s egg mixed with water. Thanka is specially prepared on cloth of paper or left bright subdued by some treatment are competitive to those in any other country. The artistic and decorative oriental value of these exotic works of art can blend tastefully and can be conversation piece in any modern drawing room.
13
1.1.5
Organization Structure of Handicraft Association of Nepal
Federation of Handicraft Association of Nepal Organization Chart General Addembly Of members
Executive Board Precident
IP Precident
1st Vice Precident 2nd Vice Precident
General Secretary Executive members 16
Secreatariat Officers Sr. Assiastants Asst. Jr.Asst Messengers
(20) (7) (4) (2) (1) (6)
Functional Committees
8
Product Development Committees
12
14
1.2
Statement of The Problem
For the economic growth of a country like Nepal, there is a great role of handicraft goods. Nepal is a country with rich cultural and traditional value. There is a reflection of old age tradition and rich Nepalese culture in Nepalese handicraft. So we can earn foreign currency by export promotion of handicraft goods. In Nepal Handicraft association is established to promote production and export of handicraft goods. Thanak is one of the exportable handicraft product. So in this project work the answer of the following research question is tried to find.
(I) What is the tendency of thanka export? (II) What is the relation between total handicraft export and Thanka Export? (III) Which country is in the top priority regarding export of thanka? 1.2 Objective Of the Study Following are the objectives of the Study
(I)
To examine the relationship of thanka export with total export of handicraft
(II) To observer the trend of thanka export (III) To analyze the country wise export of thanka.
15
1.3 Significance of the Study This study is carried out to fulfill the requirement of BBS 3 rd year. So this is significant for me to fulfill the requirement of BBS 3rd year. Also the detailed methodology applied to carry out this research is described in this and all the name of the writer and their publication are included in the bibliography. So this project wor will be helpful to those who want to carry out the study regarding the product of handicraft association in the future. 1.4 Research Methodology Thanka, being one of the important exportable handicraft goods, should be studied extensively for its export promotion. The main objective of this report is to carry out comparative study regarding total Handicraft export condition and Total thanka export condition of Nepal. Also to fine the trend of thanka export is another objective of the study. For this the detailed methodology adopted is discussed under the following headings. Research design, nature and sources of data collection techniques and data analysis tools.
1.5.1 Research Design “A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose
with
economy
in
procedure.”
16
Research
design
is
the
plan, structure and strategy of customer service conceived so as to obtain answers to research questions. Descriptive and analytical research design for the study has been applied as it gets two aspects. At first, it has the description of the situation and secondly, it has the interpretation of data. 1.5.2 Nature and Sources of Data This study is conducted on the basis secondary data only. The data related to the study are collected from the following sources: 1. Annual reports of Handicraft Association Nepal, 2. Various booklets and journal concerned with foreign trade, Handicraft Association of Nepal and Thanka. 3. From the official URL of Handicraft Association of Nepal: www.nepalhandicraft.com 4. From the site of Thanka: www.yomari.com.np
1.5.3 Date Collection Technique
The information regarding to this study are mainly collected from the office of Handicraft Association of Nepal from the published annual reports relating to the Export of different Handicrafts items. Also the Internet is used to find some literature and other necessary data regarding this study. A prospectus published by HAN is much more useful to collect the data regarding Introduction, Aim and Objectives, Promotion function. Also other books regarding foreign trade are also studied to collect the data regarding this Study. 17
1.5.4 Data Analysis Tools Presentation of Data: The collected data were presented with the help of Simple bar diagrams. Multiple bar diagrams etc.
Statistical tools used: The analysis tools used in this study are Mean, Standard deviation, Trend analysis, Coefficient of Correlation analysis and Coefficient of Variation analysis. 1.5 Limitation of the Study 1. This study is mainly carried out to attain the partial fulfillment of BBS III year, which is also a limitation of the study. 2. The study is only focused on Export of Thanka and necessary data is collected from only published source provided by Handicraft Association of Nepal. 3. The study includes only five years data from FY 2060/61 to FY 2064/2065 4. Only top 5 export countries are selected to carryout study about country wise export of Thankas. 5. The study has time and economy bond.
18
CHAPTER-II
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS 2.1 Relationship of thanka export with total export of handicraft Data Presentation Table 1 shows the figure relating to total handicraft and thanka export for the five years form FY 2060/061 TO 2064/065 Table No 1 Total Handicraft Export and Export of thanka FY Total Handicraft Export Total Thanka Export 2060/61 2719636490 17543529 2061/62 2552952543 15761935 2062/63 2571841423 15002557 2063/64 2849476340 21009108 2064/65 2880644848 15411112 Sources: Handicraft Association Nepal. The data relating to the total Handicraft export is presented in the following multiple bar diagram
19
Figure No.1 Bar Diagram Showing Total Handicraft Export Total Handicraft Export 3000 2900 2800 2700 2600 2500 2400 2300
Total Handicraft Export
2060/061 2061/062 2062/063 2063/064 2064/065
Source:
Table No.1
The data relating to the total Handicraft export is presented in the following multiple bar diagram
Figure No.2 Bar Diagram Showing Thanka Export
Total Thanka Export 2500 2000
1500 Total Thanka Export
1000 500
0 2060/061 2061/062 2062/063 2063/064 2064/065
Source: Table No. 1 20
According to the above table and figure the export of total handicraft and thanka in the year 2060/61 is Rs. 2719636490 and Rs 1,75,432 respectively. Similarly the export figure of total handicraft in the year 2061/062, 2062/63, 2063/64 and 2064/65 is Rs. 2552952543, Rs. 2571841423, Rs. 2849476340 and Rs. 2880644848 respectively and that of thanka in the same year is Rs. 15761935, Rs. 15002557, Rs 2, 10, 09,108 and Rs. 15411112 respectively.
Data Analysis
Properties:
1. Correlation coefficient is denoted by r and lies between -1 and +1 2. When r=1, there is perfectly positive correlation between the two variables 3. When r=-1, there is perfectly negative correlation between the two variables. 4. When r=0, there is no correlation between the variables.
If the value of r is near to +1 or -1 the relationship between two variables are closer and nearer the value of r to 0, lesser will be the relationship.
21
Table No. 2
FY
X=X-x
Y=Y-y
X2
Y2
2060
Handicraft Export (X) 2719.63649
Thanka Export (Y) 17.543529
4.7261612
0.597881
22.34
0.3574614
2061
2552.952543
15.761935
-161.9577858
-1.18371
26230.32
1.401176
2062
2571.841423
15.002557
-143.0689058
-1.94309
20468.71
3.7756034
2063
2849.47634
21.009108
134.5660112
4.06346
18108.01
16.511705
2064
2880.644848
15.411112
165.7345192
-1.53454
27467.93
2.3548013
= 16574.55164
= 84.728241
= 92297.32
= 24.40074
Calculation of Correlation Coefficient
SOURCE: Table No. 1
22
Here
=
=
= 2714.910328; e
=
=
=
16.9456482
Now, r = =
=
=
= 0.50
Hence the coefficient of correlation r=0.50
From the computation of coefficient or correlation between thanka export and total handicraft export is r = 0.50 which shows positive moderate correlation between the total handicraft export and thanka export.
2.2
Tendency of Thanka export
If the rate of change of export is positive, the trend of the thanka export will be in rising trend and it will be failing trend if the change of export is negative.
23
Table No. 3 Estimation of Trend Line by Least Square Method Year (X) 2060/61 2061/62 2062/63 2063/64 2064/65
Thana Export (y) 17543529 15761935 15002557 21009108 15411112
X=X-2061 -2 -1 0 1 2 0
X2 4 1 0 1 4
Xy -35087058 -15761935 0 21009108 30822224
yc 16749180.4 16847414.3 16945648.2 17043882.1 17142116
Source: Table No.1 Let, n=5=No. of years 2061 = middle of the year yc = computed value of y or trend value a = average of loan b = rate of change We have yc = a+bx Since
, a=
b=
Hence, for year 60, yc = a +bx = 16945648.2+ -196467.8 = 16749180.4 for year 60, yc = a +bx = 16945648.2+ -98233.9 = 16847414.3 for year 60, yc = a +bx = 16945648.2+
0 = 16945648.2
for year 60, yc = a +bx = 16945648.2+ 98233.9 = 17043882.1 for year 60, yc = a +bx = 16945648.2+ 196467.8= 17142116
24
Since the rate of change (b) is positive, the tred value will show a rising trend. Also with the help of yc calculated above we can build the graph of trend line as shown in the figure 3 below
Figure No. 3 Trend Of Thanka Export
Trend line of Thanka Export 25000000 20000000 15000000 Trend line of Thanka Export
10000000 5000000 0 60/061 61/062 62/063 63/064 64/065
Source: Table No. 3 According to the above figure No. 3 it is clear that the trend of thanka export is in rising trend. 2.3
Countrywise Export of Thanka
The following table shows the figure relating to country wise export of Thanak to thetop major 5 countries for the five years starting from FY 2059/2060 to 2063/2064
25
Table No. 4 Countrywise Export of Thanka Rs. „000 FY 060/61 061/62 062/63 063/64 064/65 Source:
USA GERMANY JAPAN 6390.267 2175.43 997.113 6146.096 1178.463 706.564 5184.345 1477.297 609.28 5659.662 2422.834 2035.591 4764.5 1825.197 990.343 Handicraft Association Nepal.
INDIA 957.676 946.785 1414.103 1419.075 1430.077
FRANCE 391.141 252.883 350.226 774.33 957.419
The above data are also presented in the following figure. Figure No. 4 Country Wise Export of Thanka 7000
6000 5000
USA
4000
GERMANY JAPAN
3000
INDIA 2000
FRANCE
1000 0 60/61
61/62
62/63
63/64
64/65
Source: Table No. 4 According to the above table and figure the export of thankas in USA from FY 2065/60 to FY 2063/64 is Rs. 6390.267, 6146.096, 5148.345
26
5659.662 and 4764.5 thousands respectively. Similarly the export figure of Germany if Rs. 2175.43, 1178.463, 1477.297, 2422.834 and 1825.197 is Rs. 997.113, 946.785, 1414.103, 1419.075 and 1430.077 thousands respectively and that in the India compraises of Rs. 957.676, 946.785, 1414.103, 1419.075 and 1430.077 thousands respectively. At las the export figure for the same period for France includes Rs. 391.141, 252.883, 350.226,
774.33
and
957.419
respectively.
Export country in top priority according to variability
Properties:
Less the C.V. the data will be more uniform and that will be less uniform if C.V is more i.e. The Country having moiré uniformity in thanka export is in the top priority for export and other hold succeeding priority.
27
CHAPTER-III SUMMARY, CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION
3.1 SUMMARY Handicraft have beena valuable part of Nepalese heritage. They express the great tradition and proud culture of this great Himalayan Kingdom. The history of articles of everyday use may be as old as the history of man living in Nepal I itself. But the history of „artistic hadicrafts‟ probably can be traced only since the 5th century A.D. When one looks back to the Nepalese handicrafts design, materials, tools, craftsmanship and product development he/she finds them as old as the human civilization.
In Nepal the production, promotion and export of Handicraft is found to be facilitated by an organization called Handicraft Association which was established on 1971 to enhance and promote handicraft trade and industry. It was registered under Institutional Registration Act of Nepal. As a service oriented, non-profitable organization of private sector business and artisan community, it helps its members to improve their productivity, expolore markets and introduce them to the international arena. It also works as a liaison between the members and the Government / Non-Government organization. The Association has moiré than 1400 members and three branches within Nepal. Today HAN has its own web site for the seekers of information about handicraft. Thanka, one of the Handicraft products is the most popular paintings on canvas (coarse cotton)and on thick paper based on the Tibetan influence 28
Is mostly introduced by the Tibetan refugees settled in Nepal and by the Sherpas and Tamang tribes of the northern regions. This tradition is the chief reason for the profusion of paintings, (mainly on especially prepared and smoked cloth, but also on various other surfaces) that fill up all the gumbas in lama lands. Some for the artistic religious and historical paintings are also done by the Newars of Kathmandu valley. In this painting varieties of the Buddhists and Hindu deities, secret philosophies and illustrative scenes full of narratives are painted by traditional methods. Mostly such paintings contain horror provoking images, the wheel of life, images of different gods and goddesses, illustrations of stories, various shaktis (erotic figures), imaginary representations of the great thinkers, etc.
In this study the data concerned with Total Handicraft export and Thanka export is presented. All the data presented relates from FY 2058/059 to FY 2063/64. The data are presented by means of Tabulation and also plotted in various types of diagram to make the data presented in cardinal number clear. The data has been presented to analyze the objectives of examining the trend of Thanka export, analyzing the relationship between Total Handicraft export and Thanka Export, ascertaining different export countries on priority basis. The trend analysis of data is brought through least square method. While studying the trend it was found that the average export of thanka for the past 5 years was Rs. 16945648.2 and the value of b is found to be 29
98233.9. Since the value of b is positive the trend of Thanka export is in rising trend. The analysis of coefficient of correlation between Total Handicraft export and Thanka Export found that these two sectors have moderate degree of positive correlation since the value of r calculated was 0.50.
The analysis of coefficient of variation of export between different five countries helped to know ascertain the export countries on the priority basis. On he priority basis the USA is in top priority regarding uniformity on the Export as its CV is found to be smallest i.e. 10.63 where as the C.V. of Export for India, Germany, Japan & France is 20.15, 24.85, 47.54 and 49.87 respectively. Similarly the standard deviation of export for the export countries USA, India, Germany, Japan and France is found to be 598.82, 248.60, 451.37, 507.61 and 271.81 respectively and mean of export for the USA, Germany, India, Japan and France be 5628.98, 1815.848, 1233.55, 1067.78, 545.20 respectively.
3.2
Conclusion
From the analysis it is known that the export of Thanak is in rising trend. It is also known that the total Export of Handicraft and Thanka export have moderate degree of positive correlation. Bye the Study of C.V of different countries concerned with Thanka export it was found that the USA is in the high priority for the export procedure as it has lowest C.V. Similarly the 30
other countries on the priority basis of export are India, Germany, Japan and France. 3.3
Recommendation
Based on the findings of the study the following recommendation is formulated.
Quality control is one of the great problems in Nepalese exportable goods. Due to the lack of quality checking system quality less product may be exported which may reduces export in the future. So the effort should be taken by the side of government to establish quality checking department for exportable thanka.
Due to the chief kasmiri product there is high competition in export, which may reduces the export of thanka in the future. So government should be careful to get the patent rights of the Nepalese thanka.
The association should give proper training for its member to produce quality product. Also the member of the association should be careful to maintain the quality of their product.
The association should take its effort to search new export countries and modern means of export by using recent net services. 31
Bibliography Agrawal, G.R, Project Management in Nepal, M.K. Publishers and Distributors, Kathmandu. Annual Report of Handicraft Association of Nepal From FY 64/65 to 2065/66 Bajracharya, B.C., Business statistics & mathematics, M.K publishers Distributors, Bhotahity, Kathmandu, Edition 2057 Brocer published by Handicraft Associaton of Nepal, 2007 URL: www.nepalhandicrafts.org URL: www.yamori.com
32
and
