A PROJECT REPORT ON
GSM BASED HOME SECURITY SYSTEM
Submitted by PIYUSH MALHOTRA PRATEEK ARORA LIPIKA SUKHIJA Under the Guidance of MS. SUNANDA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Manav Rachna International University, Faridabad JUNE, 2013
I
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our project guide “MS. SUNANDA” for giving us the opportunity to work on this topic. It would never be possible for us to take this project to this level without her innovative ideas and her relentless support and encouragement. 1. PIYUSH MALHOTRA, FET/EC(F)/208 2. PRATEEK ARORA, FET/EC(F)/210 3. LIPIKA SUKHIJA, FET/EC(F)/235
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DECLARATION We hereby declare that this project report entitled “GSM BASED HOME SECURITY SYSTEM” PIYUSH MALHOTRA (FET/EC(F)/208) , PRATEEK ARORA (FET/EC(F)/210) , LIPIKA SUKHIJA(FET/EC(F)/235) being submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Technology in ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION under Faculty of Engineering & Technology of Manav Rachna International University Faridabad, during the academic year 2013, is a bonafide record of our original work carried out under guidance and supervision of MS. SUNANDA, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, ECE DEPARTMENT and has not been presented elsewhere. 1. PIYUSH MALHOTRA, FET/EC(F)/208 2. PRATEEK ARORA, FET/EC(F)/210 3. LIPIKA SUKHIJA, FET/EC(F)/235
Manav Rachna International University, Faridabad Faculty of Engineering & Technology Department of Electronics and Communication
JUNE, 2013
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CERTIFICATE This is to certify that this project report entitled “GSM BASED HOME SECURITY SYSTEM” PIYUSH MALHOTRA (FET/EC(F)/208) , PRATEEK ARORA (FET/EC(F)/210) , LIPIKA SUKHIJA (FET/EC(F)/235), submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Technology in ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION under Faculty of Engineering & Technology of Manav Rachna International University Faridabad, during the academic year 2013, is a bonafide record of work carried out under my guidance and supervision.
(Signature of Project Guide) MS. SUNANDA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR Department of Electronics and Communication Faculty of Engineering & Technology Manav Rachna International University, Faridabad
(Signature of HOD) Mrs. Geeta Nijhawan Official Seal
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgement
i
Declaration
ii
Certificate
iii
Table of Contents
iv
List of Figures
v
List of Tables
vi
Abstract
vii
Chapter
Page No
I.
Introduction
1.1 Goals and Objectives: What are to be achieved? Motivation: Why this project undertaken? Method: How was it carried out? 1.2 Overview of the technical area i.e. background technical context 1.3 Overview of the report: what material will you be covering and how it is arranged in the report 1.4 Problem Statement 1.5 Conclusion
II.
Literature Review
V
2.1 Introduction 2.2 Survey 2.3 Conclusion
III.
Problem Definition and Requirement Analysis
3.1 Problem Definition 3.2 Requirements 3.3 System Specifications
IV.
Design and Implementation
4.1 Introduction 4.2 Functional Decompositions 4.3 Different Design Options 4.4 Proposed Flow Model 4.5 Circuit Design 4.6 Assembly of Hardware and Components
V.
Testing and Deployment
5.1 Verification 5.2 Validation 5.3 Evaluation
VI.
Conclusion and Future Enhancements
6.1 Conclusion 6.2 Critical appraisal of work done 6.3 Proposal/scope of future enhancement
VI
References/Bibliography
VII
LIST OF FIGURES:
Figure 1:ARDUINO.......................................................................................................................... XX Figure 2: LCD DISPLAY ....................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3: LM324 PIN DIAGRAM .................................................................................................... XXII Figure 4: LM35 (TEMPERATURE SENSOR) ................................................................................... XXIII Figure 5: IR SENSORS....................................................................................................................XXV Figure 6: GSM MODEM ...............................................................................................................XXVI Figure 7: LED ..............................................................................................................................XXVII Figure 8: PROPOSED FLOW MODEL ............................................................................................ XXXI Figure 9: CIRCUIT DIAGRAM ...................................................................................................... XXXII
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ABSTRACT The final year project aims at exposing the students undergoing higher technical studies to the thoughts and logic that must be developed to ensure that one is able to integrate his/her ideas into something concrete. This generally is initiated by the inception of an idea or a concept, which not only aims at developing a product (Hardware or Software), but also the in-depth study of the earlier existing products in the same category and their deficiencies. Accordingly an approach is taken to propose a solution, which is better from the previous ones in one respect or the other. With the same approach in mind, we, the final year students of Bachelor of Technology (Electronics and Telecommunication), have taken up the GSM Based Home Security System as our final year project. In this project for the security purpose, we will look after:
1) Forced entry through window.
2) Increase of Temperature beyond limit.
3) Password for the opening of door.
In all the above cases, a message will be sent to the home owner and she/ he will be informed of the situation.
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
The final year project aims at exposing the students undergoing higher technical studies to the thoughts and logic that must be developed to ensure that one is able to integrate his/her ideas into something concrete. This generally is initiated by the inception of an idea or a concept, which not only aims at developing a product (Hardware or Software), but also the in-depth study of the earlier existing products in the same category and their deficiencies. Accordingly an approach is taken to propose a solution, which is better from the previous ones in one respect or the other. With the same approach in mind, we, the final year students of Bachelor of Technology (Electronics and Telecommunication), have taken up the ADVANCE GSM BASED HOME SECURITY SYSTEM as our final year project. Automated security systems are a useful addition to today‟s home where safety is an important issue. Vision-based security systems have the advantage of being easy to set up, inexpensive and non-obtrusive. Home security system for detecting an intrusion into a monitored area by an infrared detector, a password based entrance and a temperature sensor. A security system has a free-standing intrusion detector. The free standing intrusion detector has a transmitter coupled with a portable receiver to alert a homeowner that an intrusion has taken place or if there are is some risk of fire inside the house.
1.1.1) Motivation In today‟s age of digital technology and intelligent systems, home automation has become one of the fastest developing application-based technologies in the world. The idea of comfortable living in home has since changed for the past decade as digital, vision and wireless technologies are integrated into it. Intelligent homes, in simple terms, can be described as homes that are fully automated in terms of carrying out a predetermined task, providing feedback to the users, and responding accordingly to situations. In other words, it simply allows many aspects of the home system such as temperature and X
lighting control, network and communications, entertainment system, emergency response and security monitoring systems to be automated and controlled, both near and at a distance. Automated security systems play an important role of providing an extra layer of security through user authentication to prevent break-ins at entry points and also to track illegal intrusions or unsolicited activities within the vicinity of the home (indoors and outdoors). There has been much research done in the design of various types of automated security systems. Sensor-based systems that rely on contact or movement sensors or contact-based systems such as fingerprint and palm print scan or keypad activation that require substantial amount of contact with an input device.
Many security systems are based on only a single system. In an event of system failure or intrusion of the user authentication, there is no backup system to monitor the home continually. This shortcoming can be dealt with using multiple security systems (ormultilayered security systems). However, multi-system implementations will definitely be more demanding in terms of computational cost and organization.
1.1.2) Method The system is composed of the microcontroller based wireless sensor network center node with GSM module, data collecting node, device control node and mobile phone. The wireless sensor network data collecting node module is connected with Infrared Detector, Temperature Sensor, entrance locked with the help of keypad. When the IR finds that some people intrudes into the house or when the temperature sensor detects too high indoor temperature or when the password entered is incorrect, the data collecting node will send encoded alarm signal to the wireless sensor network center node through the wireless sensor network established in home. Once the Wireless sensor network center node receives alarm signal, it will send alarm short message to the users through the GSM module and GSM network immediately. According to the pulse received by microcontroller, a message is sent to mobile station through a GSM modem and thus warns the presence of human in the home to owneroccupier. On the other hand this security system remains in idle position and performs nothing if no one is in the home. When the temperature sensor detects too high indoor XI
temperature and at the same time, the sensors will send encoded alarm signal to the home control center through the wireless sensor network established in home. Once the wireless control center receives alarm signal, it will send alarm short message to the users through the GSM module and GSM network immediately. 1.2)
OVERVIEW OF TECHICAL AREA
The report consists of a background into the area of ARDUINO microcontroller and mobile communication, how they are interfaced to each other and AT (Attention) commands set used in communication. The Microcontroller based system continuously watching the security issues of your house, if any mishap condition from above three is occur it will sense and send a message to your mobile. The main components of the toolkit include microcontroller, GSM modem. These components are integrated with the device board and thus incorporate the wireless features. The GSM modem sends the SMS. The AT commands are serially transferred to the modem. In return the modem transmits the stored message through the wireless link. The microcontroller used in this case is ATMEGA328. In this prototype model, LCD display is used for simulation purpose. The results presented in the thesis support the proper functionalities and working of the system. The timing diagram suggests the response of the modem to various AT (attention) commands.
1.3)
OVERVIEW OF THE REPORT
The proposed integration architecture incorporates subsystems – IR sensors, burglar alarm module and fire alarm module, into a single automated architecture for practical implementation in intelligent home environments. The figure shows a block diagram of the proposed system architecture and its setup and connectivity. The modules work independently and parallely but share computational resources. THE project includes Problem Definition, Requirements, Specifications of arduino ATMEGA328, response of GSM modem to the AT commands, block diagram, circuit diagram and the proposed flow model for the development of the program.
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1.2
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Technology has advanced so much in the last decade or two that it has made life more efficient and comfortable. The comfort of being able to take control of devices from one particular location has become imperative as it saves a lot of time and effort. Therefore there arises a need to do so in a systematic manner which we have tried to implement with our system. The system we have proposed is an extended approach to automating a control system. With the advancement and breakthroughs in technology over the years, the lives of people have become more complicated and thus they have become busier than before. With the adoption of our system, we can gain control over certain things that required constant attention. The application of our system comes in handy when people get to know about the remote intrusions in their house or if there is some mishap when they are not at their place.
1.3
CONCLUSION
In the paper low cost, secure, ubiquitously accessible, auto-configurable, remotely controlled solution for automation of homes has been introduced. The approach discussed in the paper is novel and has achieved the target to control home appliances remotely using the SMS-based system satisfying user needs and requirements. GSM technology capable solution has proved to be controlled remotely, provide home security and is cost-effective as compared to the previously existing systems. Hence we can conclude that the required goals and objectives of our project have been achieved. The basic level of home appliance control and remote monitoring has been implemented. The system is extensible and more levels can be further developed using automatic motion/glass breaking detectors so the solution can be integrated with these and other detection systems. In future the system will be small box combining the PC and GSM modem. The hardware will be self-contained and cannot be prone to electric failure. This appliance will have its own encapsulated UPS and charging system. XIII
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1)
INTRODUCTION
Home security has been a major issue where crime is increasing and everybody wants to take proper measures to prevent intrusion. In addition, there is need to automate home so that the user can take the advantage of technological advancement. This project presents a model that will provide security to their home, office or cabin etc via SMS using GSM technology. Keeping in view the rapid growth of wireless communication we are inspired to work on this project. The idea behind this project is to meet the upcoming challenges of the modern practical applications of wireless communication and to facilitate our successors with such splendid ideas that should clear their concept about wireless communication and control system. The applications of SMS/GSM Based security system are quite diverse. There are many real life situations that require control of different devices remotely and to provide security. There will be instances where a wired connection between a remote appliance/device and the control unit might not be feasible due to structural problems. In such cases a wireless connection is a better option. Basic Idea of our project is to provide GSM Based security even if the owner is away from the restricted areas. For this we adopted wireless mode of transmission using GSM. Beside this there are many methods of wireless communication but we selected GSM in our project because as compared to other techniques, this is an efficient and cheap solution also, we are much familiar with GSM technology and it is easily available. 2.2)
SURVEY
The researchers gathered information from different sources which give appropriate ideas or what parts to be used in every circuitry involved in this project. Keypad interfacing to microcontroller using embedded C was the hardest part ever encountered during the development stage. From a step by step process, researchers started from writing simple code to more complex. After everything is fixed and tested in virtual simulation, the XIV
researchers soldered everything for implementation stage. Researchers faced many problems on hardware such as fine tuning every sensor to work simultaneously with the burnt program inside the microcontroller. By eliminating those problems gives good and accurate anticipated result. Same project could have been designed with: 1) 8051 microcontroller 2) ARDUINO We are using ATmega 328 to realize this project because: Using an Arduino simplifies the amount of hardware and software development you need to do in order to get a system running. The Arduino hardware platform already has the power and reset circuitry setup as well as circuitry to program and communicate with the microcontroller over USB. In addition, the I/O pins of the microcontroller are typically already fed out to sockets/headers for easy access (This may vary a bit with the specific model). On the software side, Arduino provides a number of libraries to make programming the microcontroller easier. More useful are things such as being able to set I/O pins to PWM at a certain duty cycle using a single command or doing Serial communication. The greatest advantage is having the hardware platform set up already, especially the fact that it allows programming and serial communication over USB.
2.3)
CONCLUSION:
After reviewing the possible solutions, my team decided to use ARDUINO to make this project. According to the advantage of ARDUINO over other Microcontrollers, we made this decision.
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CHAPTER 3 PROBLEM DEFINITION AND REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS 3.1)
PROBLEM DEFINITION
With all the necessary background research completed it became clear what basic design components the entire system would require. First we needed the power to be supplied to the designed model which will turn on the components. Then, if a person enters house from outside the window or enters wrong password for consecutively 3 times then microcontroller will generate the message and will send the message to the authorized user using the GSM modem. In case, the temperature inside the house increases beyond limits then also arduino will perform the same operation. We needed to voltage regulator 7805 convert the 12v to 5v as some components are there which run by 5v. A proper AT command set is to be defined so that the arduino will perform accurately.
3.2)
REQUIREMENTS
ARDUINO BOARD WITH ATMEGA 328
GSM 300
SIM CARD-VODAFONE
OP AMP-LM 324
IR SENSORS
IC BASES
MOBILE PHONE
TEMPERATURE SENSOR- LM35
RIBBON WIRES XVI
TRANSFORMER
BUTTON SWITCHES
VOLTAGE REGULATOR-7805
CAPACITORS
PCBs
LEDs
2 PIN CORD
WOODEN BLOCK
A4 SHEETS
FEVICOL
GLUE GUN
DVD TRAY
ADAPTER- 12V
CPU FAN
RESISTORS
HEAT SINK
PIN WIRES
SOLDER IRON
SOLDER WIRE
DIODES
3.3)
SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
1. ARDUINO Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software. It's intended for artists, designers, hobbyists, and anyone interested in creating interactive objects or environments. Arduino can sense the environment by receiving input from a variety of sensors and can affect its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and other actuators. The XVII
microcontroller on the board is programmed using the Arduino programming language and the Arduino development environment. Arduino projects can be stand-alone or they can communicate with software running on a computer (e.g. Flash, Processing,). The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 (datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. Features:Microcontroller:
ATmega328
Operating Voltage:
5V
Input Voltage (recommended):
7-12V
Input Voltage (limits):
6-20V
Digital I/O Pins:
14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins:
6
DC Current per I/O Pin:
40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin:
50 Ma
Flash Memory:
32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader
SRAM:
2 KB (ATmega328)
EEPROM:
1 KB (ATmega328)
Clock Speed:
16 MHz
Power The Arduino Uno can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power supply. The power source is selected automatically. XVIII
External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be connected by plugging a 2.1mm center-positive plug into the board's power jack. Leads from a battery can be inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin headers of the POWER connector. The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied with less than 7V, however, the 5V pin may supply less than five volts and the board may be unstable. If using more than 12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board. The recommended range is 7 to 12 volts. The power pins are as follows:
VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an external power source (as opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source). You can supply voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack, access it through this pin.
5V.This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board. The board can be supplied with power either from the DC power jack (7 - 12V), the USB connector (5V), or the VIN pin of the board (7-12V). Supplying voltage via the 5V or 3.3V pins bypasses the regulator, and can damage your board. We don't advise it.
3V3. A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw is 50 mA.
GND. Ground pins
Memory The ATmega328 has 32 KB (with 0.5 KB used for the boot loader). It also has 2 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM. Input and Output Each of the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be used as an input or output, using pin mode, digital write, digital read functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-50 kOhms. In addition, some pins have specialized functions: XIX
Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. These pins are connected to the corresponding pins of the ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL Serial chip.
External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value.
PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analog write function.
LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it‟s off.
The Uno has 6 analog inputs, labeled A0 through A5, each of which provide 10 bits of resolution (i.e. 1024 different values). By default they measure from ground to 5 volts, though is it possible to change the upper end of their range using the AREF pin and the analog reference function. There are couple of other pins on the board:
AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analog reference.
Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a reset button to shields which block the one on the board.
Figure 1:ARDUINO
XX
2. LM324 Since the output voltage from voltage divider varies with the intensity of IR light, and microcontroller is not used in this project, a comparator (LM324) is used to show the changes. Features:• Internally Frequency Compensated for Unity Gain • Large DC Voltage Gain: 100dB • Wide Power Supply Range: LM324: 3V~32V (or ±1.5 ~ 16V) • Input Common Mode Voltage Range Includes Ground • Large Output Voltage Swing: 0V to VCC -1.5V • Power Drain Suitable for Battery Operation
XXI
Figure 2: LM324 PIN DIAGRAM
3. TEMPERATURE SENSOR The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in˚ Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of ± 1⁄4˚C at room temperature and ± 3⁄4˚C over a full −55 to +150˚C temperature range. Low cost is assured by trimming and calibration at the wafer level. The LM35‟s low output impedance, linear output, and precise inherent calibration make interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy. It can be used with single XXII
power supplies, or with plus and minus supplies. As it draws only 60 µA from its supply, it has very low self-heating, less than 0.1˚C in still air. The LM35 is rated to operate over a −55˚ to +150˚C temperature range, while the LM35C is rated for a −40˚ to +110˚C range (−10˚with improved accuracy). Features:
Calibrated directly in ˚ Celsius (Centigrade)
Linear + 10.0 mV/˚C scale factor
0.5˚C accuracy guarantee able (at +25˚C)
Rated for full −55˚ to +150˚C range
Suitable for remote applications
Low cost due to wafer-level trimming
Operates from 4 to 30 volts
Less than 60 µA current drain
Low self-heating, 0.08˚C in still air
Nonlinearity only ±1
4˚C typical
Low impedance output, 0.1 Ω for 1 mA load
Figure 3: LM35 (TEMPERATURE SENSOR)
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4. INFRARED SENSOR The basic principle of IR sensor is based on an IR emitter and an IR receiver. IR emitter will emit infrared continuously when power is supplied to it. On the other hand, the IR receiver will be connected and perform the task of a voltage divider. IR receiver can be imagined as a transistor with its base current determined by the intensity of IR light received. The lower the intensity of IR light cause higher resistance between collectoremitter terminals of transistor, and limiting current from collector to emitter. This change of resistance will further change the voltage at the output of voltage divider. In others word, the greater the intensity of IR light hitting IR receiver, the lower the resistance of IR receiver and hence the output voltage of voltage divider will decreased. Usually the IR emitter and IR receiver will be mounted side by side, pointing to a reflective surface. The further distance away between emitter and receiver decrease the amount of infrared light hitting the receiver if the distance between the sensor and a reflective surface is fixed. Features:Infrared Sensor Output: 4 to 20 mA Accuracy: ±1% of reading or ±1°C whichever is greater Repeatability: ±0.5% of reading or ±0.5°C whichever is greater Emissivity: 0.2 to 1.0 via 4 to 20 mA input Response Time t90: 240 mS (90% response) Spectral Range: 8 to 14 µm Supply Voltage: 24 Vdc (28 Vdc max) Min Sensor Voltage: 6 Vdc Max Loop Impedance: 900 Ω (4 to 20 mA output) Input Impedance: 50 Ω Mechanical Construction: Stainless Steel Dimensions: 103 L x 18 mm D (4.05 x 0.71") Thread Mounting: M16 x 1 mm pitch Cable Length: 1 m (3.3') longer lengths available to order Weight: 95 g (3.4 oz) with cable
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Ambient Temperature Range: 0 to 70°C (32 to 158°F)
Figure 4: IR SENSORS
5. GSM MODULE
Designed for global market, SIM300 is a Tri-band GSM/GPRS engine that works on frequencies EGSM 900 MHz, DCS 1800 MHz and PCS1900 MHz. SIM300 provides GPRS multi-slot class 10/ class 8 (optional) capability and support the GPRS coding schemes CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 and CS-4. With a tiny configuration of 40mm x 33mm x 2.85 mm, SIM300 can fit almost all the space requirement in your application, such as Smart phone, PDA phone and other mobile device. The physical interface to the mobile application is made through a 60 pins board-to-board connector, which provides all hardware interfaces between the module and customers‟ boards except the RF antenna interface.
The keypad and SPI LCD interface will give you the flexibility to develop customized applications.
Two serial ports can help you easily develop your applications.
Two audio channels include two microphones inputs and two speaker outputs. This can be easily configured by AT command.
XXV
Figure 5: GSM MODEM
Features:1. Support wide range of frequencies (from 850 MHZ to 1900 MHZ) for classification of GSM 2. Supports integration with RS232 cable (serial cable,25 pins). 3. Can be interfaced to system using USB cables. 4. Input voltage varies from 5v to 30v. 5. Very less weight in few grams. 6. Provided with SIM holder and antenna connector. 7. Programmable with AT commands.
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different
6. VOLTAGE REGULATOR
7805 is a voltage regulator integrated circuit. It is a member of 78xx series of fixed linear voltage regulator ICs. The voltage source in a circuit may have fluctuations and would not give the fixed voltage output. The voltage regulator IC maintains the output voltage at a constant value. The xx in 78xx indicates the fixed output voltage it is designed to provide. 7805 provides +5V regulated power supply. Capacitors of suitable values can be connected at input and output pins depending upon the respective voltage levels.
7. LIGHT EMITTING DIODE A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many devices, and are increasingly used for lighting. Introduced as a practical electronic component in 1962, early LEDs emitted low-intensity red light, but modern versions are available across the visible, ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness. Color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy gap of the semiconductor. An LED is often small in area (less than 1 mm2), and integrated optical components may be used to shape its radiation pattern. LEDs present many advantages over incandescent light sources including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved robustness, smaller size, faster switching, and greater durability and reliability. LEDs powerful enough for room lighting are relatively expensive and require more precise current and heat management than compact fluorescent lamp sources of comparable output.
Figure 6: LED
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CHAPTER 4 DESIGN AND IMPLEMETATION 4.1)
INTRODUCTION
The Microcontroller based system is continuously watching over the security issues of your house, if any mishap condition occurs it will sense and send a message to your mobile. The system is composed of the microcontroller based wireless sensor network center node with GSM module, data collecting node, device control node and mobile phone. The wireless sensor network data collecting node module is connected with Infrared Detector, Temperature Sensor. When the IR finds that some people intrudes into the house or when the temperature sensor detects too high indoor temperature , the data collecting node will send encoded alarm signal to the wireless sensor network center node through the wireless sensor network established in home. Once the Wireless sensor network center node receives alarm signal, it will send alarm short message to the users through the GSM module and GSM network immediately. When the temperature sensor detects too high indoor temperature and at the same time, the sensors will send encoded alarm signal to the home control centre through the wireless sensor network established in home. Once the wireless control centre receives alarm signal, it will send alarm short message to the users through the GSM module and GSM network immediately.
XXVIII
4.2)
FUNTIONAL DECOMPOSITION
IF INTRUSION TROUGH WINDOW
TEMPARATURE RISES BEYOND LIMIT
GSM MODEM
ARDUINO
USER
IF PASSWORD IS ENTERED WRONG 3 TIMES
Table 1: FUNCTIONAL DECOMPOSITION
If any one of following 3 cases:
These output will
Arduino, with help
The owner of the
intrusion through window
be fed to arduino.
of GSM modem and registered number
Wrong password entered thrice
a SIM card will
will receive a
temperature rises beyond limit
send a message
message and then
Then,
accordingly.
She/he can rectify the situation.
XXIX
4.3)
DIFFERENT DESIGN OPTIONS
Same project could have been designed with: 1) 8051 2) ARDUINO We are using ATmega 328 to realize this project because: Using an Arduino simplifies the amount of hardware and software development you need to do in order to get a system running. The Arduino hardware platform already has the power and reset circuitry setup as well as circuitry to program and communicate with the microcontroller over USB. In addition, the I/O pins of the microcontroller are typically already fed out to sockets/headers for easy access (This may vary a bit with the specific model). On the software side, Arduino provides a number of libraries to make programming the microcontroller easier. More useful are things such as being able to set I/O pins to PWM at a certain duty cycle using a single command or doing Serial communication. The greatest advantage is having the hardware platform set up already, especially the fact that it allows programming and serial communication over USB.
XXX
4.4)
PROPOSED FLOW MODEL
Figure 7: PROPOSED FLOW MODEL
XXXI
4.5)
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM ATMEGA 328
GSM Modem
KEYPAD
SENSOR MODULE
SENSOR MODULE
SENSOR MODULE
SENSOR MODULE
0 TX
14
1 RX
15
2
16
3
17
4
18
5
19
6
20
7
21
DRIVER IC L293D
8
22
5V 0V 12V
9
23
10
24
11
25
12
26
13
27
LED
Figure 8: CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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TEMP. SENSOR (LM35)
POWER SUPPLY
DVD TRAY
4.6)
ASSEMBLY OF HARDWARE AND COMPONENTS
Built a wooden house with one window and door.
DVD tray is incorporated and works as door.
A keypad is designed and connected outside the door on the base and is used to enter password.
The output of the keypad is given to the arduino which is then compared with the actual password.
If the password entered is correct then the red led glows else the green led glows.
If the password entered is incorrect thrice then a message is sent to the authorized person.
The output of the temperature sensor is given to the arduino. If the temperature rises beyond 55C then a message is sent the authorized person.
4 pairs of Transmitting end (led) and receiving end (photodiode) are connected at the windows.
Outputs of the IR sensor are connected to the arduino through LM324.
If the output is 0 on all the 4 pins of arduino where the sensors are connected then a message is sent to the authorized person.
With arduino, GSM modem is connected in which SIM card is inserted.
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4.7)
5.
FLOWCHART
START
IF S(0), S(1)=0
WRONG PASSWORD ENTERED IN KEYPAD
IF TEMP>35
IF CORRECT P/W
IFS(2), S(3)=0
P/W CHECKED AGAIN
DVD TRAY OPENS
END
P/W CHECKED AGAIN
MESSAGE SENT
END
END
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CHAPTER 5 TESTING AND DEPLOYMENT
5.1)
VERIFICATION
GSM MODEM AT Command Set:
ATE0 – Echo off
ATE1 – Echo on
ATD – call to dial a number Syntax: ATD 9885622502;
ATDL – redial last telephone number
ATA – answer an incoming call
ATH – Disconnect existing connection
AT+CMGD – to delete SMS Syntax: AT+CMGD=1 -> deletes „1‟ sms in sim card
AT+CMGR – to read SMS Syntax: AT+CMGR=1 -> reads 1st sms in sim card
AT+CMGS – to send SMS Syntax: AT+CMGS= 9885622502 press enter Type text and press ctrl+z
We
used the above mentioned command sets to verify the working of gsm
modem.
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IR SENSORS IR Sensors would detect the intrusion if the person is entering window from outside to inside only and not when, person going out from inside to outside. For its verification, we inserted an object from outside the window to inside and a message was received on the authorized number. While the same object was made to pass through the window from inside, no message was sent by arduino.
KEYPAD We set the password to “1234”. When we entered the correct password then DVD tray acting as door opened. When we entered the wrong password for consecutively 3 times, a message was sent by arduino. 5.2)
VALIDATION
The various components used in designing of the model was verified with help of the verification process we took out. These components include:
KEYPAD IR Sensors GSM Modem ARDUINO (During the verification of Hexpad, IR sensors, GSM Modem) LM324 (During the verification of IR Sensors) DVD tray (During the Keypad verification)
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CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS 6.1)
FUTURE SCOPE
The future implications of the project are very great considering the amount of time and resources it saves. The project we have undertaken can be used as a reference or as a base for realizing a scheme to be implemented in other projects of greater level such as weather forecasting, temperature updates, device synchronization, etc. The project itself can be modified to achieve a complete Home security System which will then create a platform for the user to interface between himself and his household. 6.2)
CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF WORK DONE
Today, with advancement in science and technology, home automation has become one of the fastest developing application-based technologies in the world. The idea of comfortable living in home has since changed for the past decade as digital, vision and wireless technologies are integrated into it. Intelligent homes, in simple terms, can be described as homes that are fully automated in terms of carrying out a predetermined task, providing feedback to the users, and responding accordingly to situations. In other words, it simply allows many aspects of the home system such as temperature and lighting control, network and communications, entertainment system, emergency response and security monitoring systems to be automated and controlled, both near and at a distance.
Automated security systems play an important role of providing an extra layer of security through user authentication to prevent break-ins at entry points and also to track illegal intrusions or unsolicited activities within the vicinity of the home (indoors and outdoors). There has been much research done in the design of various types of automated security systems. Sensor-based systems that rely on contact or movement sensors or contact-based systems such as fingerprint and palm print scan or keypad activation that require substantial amount of contact with an input device. XXXVII
Many security systems are based on only a single system. In an event of system failure or intrusion of the user authentication, there is no backup system to monitor the home continually. This shortcoming can be dealt with using multiple security systems (ormultilayered security systems). However, multi-system implementations will definitely be more demanding in terms of computational cost and organization.
6.3)
CONCLUSION
The project we have undertaken has helped us gain a better perspective on various aspects related to our course of study as well as practical knowledge of electronic equipment and communication. We became familiar with software analysis, designing, implementation, testing and maintenance concerned with our project. The extensive capabilities of this system are what make it so interesting. From the convenience of a simple cell phone, a user is able to control and monitor virtually any electrical devices. This makes it possible for users to rest assured that their belongings are secure and that the television and other electrical appliances was not left running when they left the house to just list a few of the many uses of this system. The end product will have a simplistic design making it easy for users to interact with. This will be essential because of the wide range of technical knowledge that homeowners have.
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REFERENCES:
www.arduino.cc
www.wikipedia.com
www.youtube.com
www.instructables.com
www.seminarprojects.com
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