Structural Design and Construction Aspects in The Saudi Building Code PROF. AHMED B. SHURAIM K I NG S A U D U N IV ER S IT Y
The Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organization (SASO) Governor’s advi adviso sorr - KSA KSA
The Saudi International Building & Construction Technologie Techn ologiess 11th11th- 12th May, 2015
Presentation outline Code’s aims, challenges, and potential benefits
Design criteria and Process
Construction Documents & Inspections
Construction Requirements Requirements in SBC 304
Materials compliance with Standards
Overview of Structural codes contents and References
Concluding remarks
The Code aims and intents Safety/Strength
Durability Serviceability
If followed & implemented The code can achieve
Stability
Protection from environmental hazards
Limitations & Challenges Does not ensure Economical design Set minimum Req.
Requires accurate zonation data: rain, Temp, flood, wind, seismic
Does not cover special structures
Building Code /Structural Challenges
Can be challenging for building officials to verify compliance
Mixed of prescriptive and performance based
Requires highly qualified Personnel
Requires testing Laboratories & Standards compliance
1REQUIREMENTS SBC 304 shall govern in all matters pertaining to design and construction of structural concrete. 2. SBC 304 shall govern in all matters pertaining to design, construction, and material properties. 3. For special structures, such as arches, tanks, reservoirs, bins and silos, blast-resistant structures, and chimneys, provisions of SBC 304 shall govern where applicable. 4. SBC 304 does not govern design and installation of portions of concrete piles, drilled piers, and caissons embedded in ground and soil-supported slabs 1.
Un erstan ng t e Co e potent a benefits A Catalyst for Economical design Legal Protection for Engineer
A tool for Value Engineering
Building Code /Structural potential benefits A tool for sustainability
Protect owner rights A Catalyst for design uniformity
Building Code /Structural divisions Design aspects and criteria
Materials & Standards
Building Code /Structural covers Construction Documents & Inspections
Construction Requirements
Structural Design Process Functional Requirements Local conditions
Load combinations SBC 301 Loading & FORCES
Environmental loads
Structural system
Design Drawings & Documents Design of elements and systems on design criteria
Live loads
Structural Design Aspects
SBC 304: Concrete Structures
Seismic req.
Structural Modeling & Analysis
Loading & Analysis 1.4.4 Analysis. Load effects on individual structural members shall be determined by methods of structural analysis that take into account equilibrium, general stability, geometric compatibility, and both short- and long-term material properties. Members that tend to accumulate residual deformations under repeated service loads shall have included in their analysis the added eccentricities expected to occur during their service life. 1.4.5 Counteracting Structural Actions. All structural members and systems, and all components and cladding in a building or other structure, shall be designed to resist forces due to earthquake, wind, soil and hydrostatic pressure and flood loads, with consideration of overturning, sliding, and uplift, and continuous load paths shall be provided for transmitting these forces to the foundation. 1.4.6 Self-straining Forces. Provision shall be made for anticipated self-straining forces arising from differential settlements of foundations and from restrained dimensional changes due to temperature, moisture, shrinkage, creep, and similar effects.
Construction Documents SBC 301: 1.3.1 General. Construction documents shall show the size, section and relative locations of structural members with floor levels, column centers and offsets fully dimensioned. The design loads and other information pertinent to the structural design required by Sections 1.3.1.1 through 1.3.1.7 shall be clearly indicated on the construction documents for parts of the building or structure. SBC 304: 1.2.1 Copies of design drawings, typical details, and specifications for all structural concrete construction shall bear the seal of a registered structural engineer. These drawings, details, and specifications shall show: (a) Name and date of issue of code to which design conforms; (b) Live load and other loads used in design; (c) Specified compressive strength of concrete at stated ages; (d) Specified strength or grade of reinforcement; (e) Size and location of all structural elements, concrete cover, reinforcement, and anchors;
REQUIRED VERIFICATION AND INSPECTION OF CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION VERIFICATION AND INSPECTION 1.
2. 3. 4.
5.
6. 7. 8.
9.
Inspection of structural layout and members dimensions for compliance with approved design drawings and construction tolerances Inspection of reinforcing steel, including prestressing tendons, and placement. Inspection of formwork Inspection of concrete mix a. Verify the use of required design mix b. Verify that the delivery is from certified batch plant At the time fresh concrete is sampled to fabricate specimens for strength tests, perform slump and determine the temperature of the concrete. Inspection of concrete placement for proper application techniques. Inspection of curing techniques and hot weather requirements. Inspection of prestressed concrete:
Verification of in-situ concrete strength, prior to stressing of tendons in posttensioned concrete and prior to removal of shores and forms from beams and structural slabs.
CONTINUO PERI US ODIC
REFERENCE STANDARD
X X
SBC 304 (3.5, 7.1-7.7)
X
SBC 304 (6.1-6.2)
X X
SBC 304 (4, 5.2-5.4)
ASTM C 172 ASTM C 31 SBC 304 (5.6, 5.8)
X X
SBC 304 (5.9, 5.10) X
SBC 304 (5.11-5.13)
X
SBC 304 (6.2)
Design professional in responsible charge
When it is required that documents be prepared by a registered design professional, the building official shall require the owner to engage and designate on the building permit application a registered design professional who shall act as the registered design professional in responsible charge.
The registered design professional in responsible charge shall be responsible for reviewing and coordinating submittal documents prepared by others, including phased and deferred submittal items, for compatibility with the design of the building.
Where structural observation is required, the inspection program shall name the individual or firms who are to perform structural observation and describe the stages of construction at which structural observation is to occur.
DUTIES AND POWERS OF BUILDING OFFICIAL
104.1 General. The building official shall have the authority to render interpretations of this code. Such interpretations, policies and procedures shall be in compliance with the intent and purpose of this code. Such policies and procedures shall not have the effect of waiving requirements specifically provided for in this code. 104.2 Applications and permits. The building official shall receive applications, review construction documents and issue permits, inspect the premises for which such permits have been issued and enforce compliance with the provisions of this code. 104.4 Inspections. The building official shall make all of the required inspections, or shall have the authority to accept reports of inspection by approved agencies or individuals. Reports of such inspections shall be in writing and be certified by a responsible officer. The building official is authorized to engage such expert opinion as deemed necessary to report upon unusual technical issues that arise, subject to the approval of the appointing authority.
BUILDING OFFICIAL QUALIFICATIONS A101.1 Building official. The building official shall have at least 10 years’ experience or equivalent as an architect, engineer, inspector, contractor or superintendent of construction, or any combination of these, five years of which shall have been supervisory experience. The building official should be certified as a building official through a recognized certification program. The building official shall be appointed or hired by the applicable governing authority. A101.2 Chief inspector. The building official can designate supervisors to administer the provisions of the Code. They shall be certified through a recognized certification program for the appropriate trade. A101.3 Inspector and plan examiner. The building official shall appoint or hire such number of officers, inspectors, assistants and other employees as shall be authorized by the jurisdiction. The inspector or plan examiner shall be certified through a recognized certification program for the appropriate trade.
BOARD OF APPEALS
B101.1 Application. The application for appeal shall be filed on a form obtained from the building official within 20 days after the notice was served. B101.2 Membership of board. The board of appeals shall consist of persons appointed by the chief appointing authority as follows: 1. One for five years; one for four years; one for three years; one for two years; and one for one year. 2. Thereafter, each new member shall serve for five years or until a successor has been appointed. The building official shall be an ex officio member of said board but shall have no vote on any matter before the board.
B101.4 Board decision. The board shall modify or reverse the decision of the building official by a concurring vote of two-thirds of its members.
B101.2.2 Qualifications. The board of appeals shall consist of five individuals, one from each of the following professions or disciplines: 1. Registered design professional with architectural experience or a builder or superintendent of building construction with at least ten years’experience, five of which shall have been in responsible charge of work. 2. Registered design professional with structural engineering experience 3. Registered design professional with mechanical and plumbing engineering experience or a mechanical contractor with at least ten years’ experience, five of which shall have been in responsible charge ofwork. 4. Registered design professional with electrical engineering experience or an electrical contractor with at least ten years’ experience, five of which shall have been in responsible charge of work. 5. Registered design professional with fire protection engineering experience or a fire protection contractor with at least ten years’ experience, five of which shall have been in responsible charge of work.
Overview of SBC 304 Construction Requirements
Concrete Construction in SBC-304 PART 6-SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
PART 1GENERAL
PART 2STANDARDS FOR TESTS AND MATERIALS
SBC-304 Main Parts
PART 5STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
PART 4-GENERAL Design REQUIREMENTS
PART 3CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
SBC-304: PART 3-CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
DURABILITY REQUIREMENTS
DETAILS OF REINFORCE MENT
PART 3CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
FORMWORK, EMBEDDED PIPES, AND CONSTRUCTION JOINTS
CONCRETE QUALITY, MIXING, AND PLACING
SBC-304: CONCRETE QUALITY, MIXING, AND PLACING Selection of concrete proportions Hot weather requirement
Proportioning mixtures
CONCRETE QUALITY, MIXING, AND PLACING
Average strength and Evaluation and acceptance
Mixing ,Conveying, Placing and Curing
Preparation of equipment and place of deposit
Elements of concrete provisions SECTION 5.6 EVALUATION AND ACCEPTANCE OF CONCRETE 5.6.1 Concrete shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of Section 5.6.2 through 5.6.5. Qualified field testing technicians shall perform tests on fresh concrete at the job site, prepare specimens required for curing under field conditions, prepare specimens required for testing in the laboratory, and record the temperature of the fresh concrete when preparing specimens for strength tests. Qualified laboratory technicians shall perform all required laboratory tests.
Ready-mixed concrete shall be mixed and delivered in accordance with requirements of "Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete" (ASTM C 94) or "Specification for Concrete Made by Volumetric Batching and Continuous Mixing" (ASTM C 685).
SBC-304: FORMWORK, AND CONSTRUCTION JOINTS Design of formwork
Construction joints
FORMWORK, EMBEDDED PIPES, AND CONSTRUCTION JOINTS
Conduits and pipes embedded in concrete
Removal of forms, shores, and reshoring
Examp es o FORMWORK provisions DESIGN OF FORMWORK 6.1.5 Design of formwork shall include consideration of the following factors: (a) Rate and method of placing concrete; (b) Construction loads, including vertical, horizontal, and impact loads; (c) Special form requirements. REMOVAL OF FORMS, SHORES, AND RESHORING 6.2.2.1 Before starting construction, the contractor shall develop a procedure and schedule for removal of shores and installation of reshores and for calculating the loads transferred to the structure during the process. (a)The structural analysis and concrete strength data used in planning and implementing form removal and shoring shall be furnished by the contractor to the when so requested; (c) Sufficient strength shall be demonstrated by structural analysis considering proposed loads, strength of forming and shoring system, and concrete strength data.
Overview of Structural codes References and contents
Code References OTHER TECHNICAL COMMITTEE INCLUDING: ARCHITECTURAL, ADMINISTRATIVE, MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL, PLUMBING, FIRE SAFETY, SPECIAL SEISMIC
SAUDI BUILDING CODE NATIONAL COMMITTEE CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE STRUCTURAL TECHNICAL COMMITTEE
Based on chapter 18 of IBC, and a number of codes and standards
Based on chapter 22 of IBC and on AISC-LRFD
Based on chapter 21 of IBC,and ACI-530-02
Soils and Foundations Workgroup SBC 303 Steel workgroup SBC 306
Masonry Workgroup SBC 305
Reinforced concrete Workgroup SBC 304
Testing and inspections Workgroup SBC 302 Design loads workgroup SBC 301
Based on chapter 19 of IBC, ACI-318 and other ACI standards
Based on chapter 17 of IBC and other standards
Based on chapter 16 of IBC,and ASCE-702
301: Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter
13 14 15 16
es gn oa s or Structures
u
ngs an
General Combination of loads Dead loads Live loads Soil and hydrostatic pressure and flood loads Wind load criteria Design wind load procedures Rain loads Seismic design criteria Seismic design requirements for building structures Material specific seismic design and detailing requirements seismic design requirements for non-structural components Seismic design requirements for nonbuilding structures Site classification procedure for seismic design Quality assurance and supplemental provisions Existing building provision
CONCLUDING REMARKS 1) The presentation highlighted a number of key issues relevant to the role, challenges and potential benefits that can be taken into consideration 2) The structural codes comprised four areas: a) Design criteria and Process b) Construction Documents Requirements & Inspection schemes c) Construction Requirements d) Materials compliance with Standards 3) The presentation implicitly shows requirements for personnel qualifications for designers, inspectors, and building officials 4) Successful implementation of the code requires education and training of engineers to digest codes provisions and intents as well as proper administrative and inspection schemes.
Thank you
