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PRIGUŠIVANJE Prigušivanje se javlja pri strujanju fluida kroz cevovode. Zapravo, ono je vezano za pad pritiska tokom strujanja. Kao posledica prigušivanja menja se temperatura fluida. Temperatura može da se smanji ili poveća, u zavisnosti od konkretnih uslova.
Sa TD aspekta posmatrano, prigušivanje je prigušivanje je proces pri h=const
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Prigušivanje su eksperimentalno pratili Joule i Thomson na jednostavnoj jednostavnoj aparaturi. Provođenjem gasa kroz čepove različite gustine, promenu temperature
menjali su otpor i merili
P1>P2 Zaključak: za isto ulazno stanje ima toliko izlaznih stanja koliko je koliko je otpora primenjeno.
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STANJA NAKON PRIGUŠIVANJA
Niz mogućih izlaznih stanja, pri čemu su temperature na izlazu više, jednake ili niže od ulazne.
i4 i5
i3 i2
i1 u
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Kvantifikacija promene temperature sa promenom (smanjenjem) pritiska gasa pri strujanju, postiže se uvodjenjem uvodjenjem Joule-Thomsonovog Joule-Thomsonovog koeficijenta:
T P h
Imajući u vidu da je da je DP<0 , važi: 1.
m<0 gas se greje
2.
m=0 ne menja t
3.
m>0 gas se hladi
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Prigušivanje idealnog gasa
Nije politropski puna linija nego isprekidana
Ovaj zakon prigušivanja vredi za sve fluide, realne i idealne. Posebno, za idealne gasove entalpija zavisi samo od temperature:
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Na bazi merenja mogu se formirati dijagrami na slici:
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Prigušivanje i likvefakcija gasova Ako se prigušivanje ponavlja sukcesivno, mogu se postići vrlo niske temperature, tako da se gasovi prevedu u tečno stanje. Taj postupak predložio je predložio je Linde.
