Laboratorium Fisika Dasar Jurusan Pendidikan Fisika Fisika
PETUNJUK PRAKTIKUM
PENGANTAR LISTRIK, MAGNET, DAN OPTIKA
Oleh
Bambang Ruwanto, dkk
JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN FISIKA FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA 2011
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL
1
DAFTAR ISI
2
PERCOBAAN 1 LENSA DAN CERMIN
3
PERCOBAAN 2 KISI DIFRAKSI
6
PERCOBAAN 3 KAPASITOR KEPING SEJAJAR
8
PERCOBAAN 4 HUKUM OHM
12
PERCOBAAN 5 KESETARAAN KALOR LISTRIK
15
PERCOBAAN 6 PERCOBAAN OERSTED
18
PERCOBAAN 1 LENSA DAN CERMIN I.
T!"# Pe$%&'""#
Setel! "el#$#% &e'()*% +%+ "!,+,- .+!'% .&t 1/
Me%e%t$#% 0'# )#$, le%, (e"*$% .% le%, (e#$% 2
2/
II.
Me%e%t$#% 0'# )#$, (e'"+% (e#$% .% (e'"+% (e"*$%
Al"( )"# B"h"#
1/ S$"*e' (!
5/ Ce'"+% (e#$%
2/ Me0 )&t+#
6/ Ce'"+% (e"*$%
3/ Le%, (e"*$%
/ Ce'"+% .t'
4/ Le L e%, (e#$%
8/ L'
III. II.
D"*"$ *"$ Te&$+
Le%, .l! *e%. *e%+% % .+*t,+ )le! .$ &e'"$#% .e%% ,l! ,t$ t$ #e.$ #e.$ &e'"$# &e'"$#% % +t$ +t$ "e'$& "e'$&#% #% &e'"$# &e'"$#% % le%#$ le%#$%/ %/ A. .$ 0e%+, 0e%+, le%, le%, +t$ +t$ le%, le%, (e"*$% &),+t+7 .% le%, (e#$% %et+7/ C+'+ le%, (e"*$% .l! *+% te%!% le*+! te*l .+*%.+%#% .e%% *+% &+%+'/ U%t$# le%, (e#$% *e'l#$ ,e*l+#%/ J'# )#$, le%, f .&t .+&e')le! .e%% "e%$%#% &e',"%
1 s
.e% .e%% % s .%
1 s8
s 8
t%. $%t$# s .%
1 f
5
17
*e't$'$t9t$ *e't$'$t9t$'$t '$t "e%$%0$##% 0'# *e%. .% 0'# *%%/ K)%:e',+ s 8
.l! ,e*+ *e'+#$t/
/ Te"& e"&tt ,+% ,+%'' .t .t% % .+,e .+,e*$ *$tt *+ *+% % .e&% .e&% &e'"$# &e'"$#% % .% te"&t te"&t ,+%' ,+%' *+, .+,e*$t *+% *el#% &e'"$#%/ */ J'# *e%. .+*e'+ t%. &),+t+ 0+# *e%. *e'. .+ .e&% &e'"$#%/ (/ J'# *%% *%% .+*e'+ .+*e'+ t%. &),+t+ &),+t+ 0+# *%% *%% *e'. *e'. .+ *el#% *el#% &e'"$#%/ &e'"$#%/ Ce'"+% (e#$% .l! *+% .'+ *)l (e'"+% .e%% *+% % "e"%t$l#% (! .l! (e#$%/ De+%+,+ ,e*l+#% *e'l#$ $%t$# (e'"+% (e"*$%/ K)%:e',+ t%. $%t$# (e'"+% .l! ,e*+ *e'+#$t/ J'# *e%. s 7 .% 0'# *%% s 7 .+*e'+ t%. 8
&),+t+ 0+# *e%. .% *%% *e'. .+ .e&% &e'"$#%/ J'# )#$, (e'"+% .&t .+!+t$% .e%% "e%$%#% Pe',"% 17/
IV.
1.
P$+#*+ Pe$%&'""#
Me#e Me#e#( #(-"# "# J"$" J"$"- F&F&-* * Le Le#* #*" " Ce Ce' '#/ #/
De%% le%, % .+,e.+#% *$tl! *%% %t &. l' .'+ ,e*$! ,$"*e' (!/ De%% "e%$#$' 0'# *e%. s 7 .% 0'# *%% s 7 0'# )#$, f .&t .+!+t$% 8
.e%% Pe',"% Pe',"% 17/ Ul%+ &e'()*% +%+ *e*e'& *e*e'& #l+ .e%% !' s % *e'*e.9 *e./ 3
2. Me#e#(-"# J"$"- T+(+- A+ Le#*" Ce-#/
A' .+&e')le! *%% %t % .&t .+t%#& l' *e%. !'$, "/ Hl +%+ .&t .+l#$#% .e%% "e%$%#% le%, (e"*$%/ B$tl! *%% %t .'+ ,e*$! ,$"*e' (! .e%% "e%$%#% le%, (e"*$%/ Cttl! #e.$.$#% *%% %t +%+/ Sel%0 Sel%0$t% $t% let## let##% % le%, le%, (e#$% (e#$% .+ %t' %t' le%, le%, (e"*$% (e"*$% .% l'; l';* *%% %% %t %t ,e#'% "e%0.+ *e%. " *+ le%, (e#$%7/ Cttl! 0'# l' .e%% le%. (e#$% !l +%+ ,e*+ 0'# *e%. " *e%. ,e#%9#% ,e#%9#% &. l'7/ l'7/ At$'l! #e.$.$#% l' .+e,e'7 .+e,e'7 ,e.e"+#+% ,e.e"+#+% ,e!+% &. l' te'0.+ *%% %t/ Cttl! #e.$.$#% le%, (e#$% .% let# *%% #!+' &. l' ,e*+ 0'# *%%/ Be'.,'#% Pe',"% 17 .% "e%et!$+ 0'# *e%. %et+7 ,e't 0'# *%% &),+t+7 .&t .+te%t$#% 0'# )($, le%, (e#$%/
. Me#e#(-"# J"$"- F&-* Ce$+# Ce-#/
B$tl! *%% %t &. l' .'+ ,e*$! ,$"*e' (! .e%% "e%$%#% (e'"+% (e#$%/ De%% "e%$#$' 0'# *e%. s 7 .% 0'# *%% s 7 0'# )#$, f 8
.&t .+!+t$% .+!+t$% .e%% Pe',"% Pe',"% 17/ Ul%+ &e'()*% +%+ *e*e'& #l+ .e%% !' !' s % *e'*e.9*e./
. Me#e#(-"# J"$"- F&-* Ce$+# Ce'#/
Ce'"+% (e"*$% #% "e%!,+l#% *%% " .'+ ,e*$! *e%. %t ' .+&e') .+&e')le! le! *% *%% % %t %t % % .&t .&t .+t% .+t%#& #& l' l' *e%. *e%. !'$, !'$, "/ "/ Hl +%+ .&t .&t .+l#$#% .+l#$#% .e%% "e%$%#% "e%$%#% le%, (e"*$%/ (e"*$%/ B$tl! B$tl! *%% %t .'+ ,e*$! ,$"*e' (! .e%% "e%$%#% le%, (e"*$%/ Cttl! #e.$.$#% l' ,t te'0.+ *%% %t +%+/ Sel%0$t% let##% (e'"+% (e"*$% .+ %t' le%, (e"*$% .% l'/ At$'l! &),+,+ (e'"+% (e"*$%
,e.e"+#+% ,e!+% #% te'0.+ *%%% %t .+ te&+ &.
*+%#+7 le%, (e"*$% .&t 0$ .+$%#% l' t"*!%7/ Cttl! 0'# *e%. 0'# %t' #e.$.$#% #e.$.$#% l' ,t te'0.+ *%% %t "$l9"$l "$l9"$l .e%% (e'"+% (e'"+% (e"*$%7 (e"*$%7 .% 0'# *%% 0'# %t' #e.$.$#% (e'"+% (e"*$% .e%% l' t"*!% te&+;*+%#+ le%, (e"*$%7/ Be'.,'#% Pe',"% 17 .% "e%et!$+ 0'# *e%. %et+7 ,e't 0'# *%% &),+t+7 .&t .+te%t$#% 0'# )#$, (e'"+% (e"*$%/
V. T/"*
1/ Te%t$#% e%t$#% 0' 0'# # )#$, )#$, le%, le%, (e"*$% (e"*$% 2/ Te%t$#% e%t$#% 0' 0'# # )#$, )#$, le%, le%, (e#$% (e#$% 3/ Te%t$#% e%t$#% 0'# 0'# (e'"+ (e'"+% % (e#$% (e#$% 4/ Te%t$#% e%t$#% 0' 0'# # )#$, )#$, (e'"+ (e'"+% % (e"*$% (e"*$% 5/ Sl! ,t$ ,t$ &e','t &e','t% % % !'$, .+&e%$! .+&e%$!++ .l" "e%$%# "e%$%#% % Pe',"% Pe',"% 17 .l! .l! ,+%' % .t% &. le%, t$ (e'"+% !'$, ,+%' &'#,+l/ A&#! % .+"#,$. .e%% ,+%' &'#,+l< 4
V.
D"( D"("$ "$ P*( P*(""-" "
IGN/ IGN/ M.e M.e Be' Be't t// 1= 1==7 =7// Petunjuk Praktikum Fisika Dasar / >)#' )#'t? t? FKIE FKIE IKIP IKIP >OG>AKARTA/ S)e0) S)e0)t) t) .% .% E$+, E$+, S$,t+ S$,t+%+ %+// 1==3 1==37/ 7/ Petunjuk Praktikum Fisika Dasar / J#'t? J#'t? D+'e#t)'t D+'e#t)'t Je%.e'l Pe%.+.+#% T+%+ P2LPTK/ @@@@@/ tt7/ Instruction tt7/ Instruction Manual for Optical Bench Type OB-A/ OB-A/ S!+".$ R+# I%,t'$"e%t, C)/ Lt./
PERCOBAAN 2 KISI DIFRAKSI I.
Pe#)"hl"#
Se*+ el)"*% el)"*% (! .&t "e%l"+ "e%l"+ *e'*+ *e'*+ &e'+,t+- &e'+,t+- el)"*% %t' l+%? 'e'#,+ 'ele#,+ +%te'e'e%,+ .+'#,+ .% &)l'+,,+/ P. #e+t% +%+ #+t #% "e%"t+ ,$t$ e%)"e% .+'#,+ (!/ Setel! "el#$#% &e'()*% +%+ .+!'% .&t? 1/
Me%e%t$#% &%0 %0% el el)"*% - -'% ,&e#t'$" (!/ 5
2/
Me%e%t$#% 'e#$e%,+ -'% ,&e#t'$" (!
II. Al"(3"l"( )"# B"h"# 1/ K+,+ 2/ S$"*e' (! &)l+#')"t+, 3/ M+,t' 4/ L' &%0% *e',#l
III.
D"*"$ Te&$+
J+# ,$t$ (el! ,e"&+t .+*e'+ *e'#, ,+%' ,e00' "# .+*el#% (el! te',e*$t #% te'0.+ '+, te'% % .+*t,+ )le! '+, el&/ De"+#+% 0$ *e'#, (! % .+0t$!#% #+,+ #% te'0.+ ,&e#t'$" (!/ De%% "e%$%#% &e',"% d ,+% n
.%
c
f /5
.e%% .l! d (el! "e'$&#% ,$.$t ,$.$t % .+*e%t$# )le! 0'# 0'# l'9#+,+ l'9#+,+ .e%% 0'# ,l! ,t$ ,&e#t'$" (! )'.e #e9n #e9n
"e'$&#% "e'$&#% &%0% &%0% el)"*% el)"*% (! (! f .l!
'e#$e%,+ el)"*% (! .% c "e'$&#% (e&t '"*t (!/
IV. IV.
P$&*e)$ Pe$%&'""#
Mt
K I S I
'# #+,+ l'
l"&$
M I S T A R
1/
S$,$%l! lt ,e&e't+ &. "*'
2/
U#$'l! 0'# %t' #+,+ .% l' .% (ttl! !,+l% L7/ L7/
3/
A"t+ ,& ,&e(t'$" ( ( ! le le-t #+ #+,+ . .% ( (ttl! 0 0 '# % %t' (e ( el! . . % '+, ,&e#t'$" -'% "e'! ,"&+ $%$ +%t mejikuhiiniu7 mejikuhiiniu7 $%t$# )'.e #e9,t$ n 17
4/
Cttl! !' tet&% #+,+ d 7 % A%. $%#%/
5/
Ul%+ l%#! 3 .% 4 $%t$# !' d tet&% tet&% #+,+7 % l+%
Ctt%? Be'.,'#% &e',"% .+ t, .% ,#e" "*' &e'()*% "# &%0% el)"*% -'% ,l! ,t$ ,&e#t'$" (! .&t .+te%t$#% .e%% &e',"% 6
pd
n
p
V.
2
2
/
L
T"'l"*+ D"("
N&.
VI.
O$)e 4n5
Te(""# -+*+ 4d 5
J"$"- K+*+3l"6"$ 4 L5
J"$"- Cel"h3*e-($ p5 4 p
T/"*
1/ Te%t$#% e%t$#% &%0% el)"*% el)"*% (! $%t$# $%t$# t+& t+& ,&e#t'$" ,&e#t'$" &. ,et+& ,et+& )'.e )'.e 2/ Te%t$#% e%t$#% &$l 'e#$e%,+ 'e#$e%,+ el)"*% el)"*% (! (! te',e*$t/ te',e*$t/
VII. D"("$ P*("-" S$t'+,%)/ 1=8/ !eri Fisika Dasar "/ "/ B%.$%? Pe%e'*+t ITB R)*e't Re,%+(# .% D:+. Hll+./ 1=84/ Fisika 1=84/ Fisika # te'0/ P%t$' S+l*%7/ J#'t? E'l%/
PERCOBAAN
KAPASITOR KEPING SEJAJAR T!"# Pe$%&'""#
1/ Me%e%t$#% &e'"+t+:+t, l+,t'+# '$% !"&/ 2/ Me%e%t$#% &e'"+t+:+t, l+,t'+# *!% .+ele#t'+#/ .+ele#t'+#/ 3/ Me%e%t$#% #)%,t%t .+ele#t'+# *!%/
Al"( )"# B"h"#
1/ Pl,t+# PC
5/ )lt"ete' DC
2/ K(
6/ C&,+t%,+"ete'
3/ C'.*)'.
/ D$.$#% Plt D+ele#t'+#
4/ K't)%
8/ K*el Pe%!$*$%
L"#)"*"# Te&$+
Ge0l Ge0l +,+, +,+, % .&t .&t .+"t .+"t++ &. &. #&,+t #&,+t)' )' #e&+% #e&+% ,e00 ,e00'' %t' %t' l+% l+% .&t .&t .+#e"$##% ,e*+ *e'+#$t? 1/ Plt ,e00' % .+!$*$%#% .e%% *e. &)te%,+l #% "e%!,+l#% "e.% l+,t'+#/ l+,t'+#/ 2/ K&,+t)' < ,e00' "e%+"&% te% l+,t'+# .l" "e.% l+,t'+# l+,t'+# .+%t' #e.$ </ 3/ K)%,t%t .+ele#t'+# # "e'$&#% #)e+,+e% &e%$t% "e.% l+,t'+# l+,t'+# % te'0.+ &. < ,e*el$" .% ,e,$.! .+*e'+ *!% .+ele#t'+#/ D$ *$! &e%!%t' *e'*e%t$# < .e%% l$,% A l$,% A "e"*- "e"*- "$t% % ," #%+ $ .% 9$ 9$ "# .+%t' #e.$ < te',e*$t "$%($l '+,9'+, l+,t'+# % .+,e*$t .e%% "e.% l+,t'+ l+,t'+#/ #/
U%t$# "e"*e'+ "e"*e'+ "$t%9"$t "$t%9"$t% % % *e,'% ," ," .e%% 0e%+,
"$t% "$t% % *e'l*e'l-%% %% t+.# t+.# !'$, !'$, .+l#$ .+l#$#% #% .e%% .e%% "e"$t "e"$t++ &e%!% &e%!%t' t'9&e% 9&e%! !%t %t' ' te',e*$t ,e(' te'&+,! tet&+ ($#$& .+!$*$%#% .e%% .e%% #$t$& &),+t+ .% #$t$& %et+ %et+ ,$"*e' te%% te%% .e%% *e. &)te%,+l &)te%,+l % ,e&e't+ ,e&e't+ .+t$%0$##% &. "*' .+ *-! +%+/
$
9$
&
% K&,+t)' < ,e00' .+!$*$%#% .e%% ,$"*e' te%% DC
H$*$%% %t' "$t% .% *e. &)te%,+l % "e"e%$!+ "e"e%$!+ &e',"% $ ' (%
17
.e%% ( "e%t#% "e%t#% #)%,t%t #e,e*%.+%% % .+#e%l ,e*+ #&,+t%,+/
P&(e#*+"l )"# Me)"# L+*($+- P")" K""*+(&$ Pl"( Se!"!"$
D$ #e&+% #)%.$#t)' < ,e00' % "e"+l+#+ l$, &e%"&% A &e%"&% A .% .% *e'0'# d 0+# .+!$*$%#% .+!$*$%#% .e%% *e. &)te%,+l % "# % "# #% .+!,+l#% .+!,+l#% "e.% l+,t'+# l+,t'+# & & !)")e%/ A'! & .'+ #e&+% *e'"$t% *e'"$t% &),+t+ &),+t+ #e #e&+% *e'"$t% *e'"$t% %et+ ,e&e't+ ,e&e't+ .+t$%0$##% .+t$%0$##% "*' .+ *-! +%+/
&
9 9 8
9
d
9
% Plt ,e00' .e%% 0'# d .+&,% .+&,% &. *e. &)te%,+l % /
H$*$% H$*$%% % %t' %t' *e. &)te%, &)te%,+l +l % .% .% #$t #$t "e.% "e.% l+,t' l+,t'+# +# & % .+!,+l#% .+!,+l#% "e"e%$!+ "e"e%$!+ &e',"%? %'&d
27
G'+,9'+, "e.% l+,t'+# % "e%e"*$, &e'"$#% A &e'"$#% A ,e(' ,e(' te# l$'$, .+,e*$t l$#, l+,t'+# /
Be,' l$#, l$#, l+,t'+# l+,t'+# % "ell$+ "ell$+ &e'"$#% te't$t$& te't$t$& *e'*%.+% *e'*%.+% l$'$, te'!.& "$t% "$t%
% .+l+%#$&+ )le! &e'"$#% te',e*$t % "e"e%$!+? ' '
& A cos ' ' $) *
37
.e%% "e%t#% "e%t#% ,$.$t %t' "e.% l+,t'+# E .e%% l$, &e'"$#% &e%!%t' &e %!%t' A/ S$*,t+t$,+ S$*,t+t$,+ Pe',"% Pe',"% 27 .% 37 #e Pe',"% Pe',"% 17 #% "e%!,+l# "e%!,+l#% % Pe',"% Pe',"% 47 % .&t .+&e'$%#% $%t$# "e%e%t$#% %+l+ C/ ( o
$ %
o &A
&d
o A
47
d
J+# #&,+t)' #&,+t)' < ,e00' .+,+,+&+ .+,+,+&+ .e%% *!% .+le#t'+# .+le#t'+# "# "$t% % te',+"&% te',+"&% &. #&,+t)' #&,+t)' #% le*+! *e,' *e,' .+*%.+%#% .+*%.+%#% .e%% #&,+t)' #&,+t)' % % *e'+,+ $.'/ $.'/ K'e% te'0.+ te'0.+ &e%"*!% &e%"*!% $ $%t$# *e. &)te%,+l % % % ," "# *e't)l# .'+ !$*$%% ( ' $)% #% #% .+&e') .+&e')le! le! *!- *!- #&,+t #&,+t, , #&,+t #&,+t)' )' #% ,e"#+ ,e"#+% % *e't" *e't"*! *! *e,' *e,' 0+# 0+# *!% *!% .+ele# .+ele#t' t'+# +# .+te"&t .+te"&t#% #% .+ %t' %t' #e.$ #e.$ </
Be,' Be,' #&,+t #&,+t%, %,++ ( ,e(' +,+, "e"e%$!+
!$*$%%? (
k o A
57
d
J+# Pe',"% 4/57 .+*+ .e%% Pe',"% 4/47 "# #% .+&e')le!? k
(
67
( o
.e%% # "e%t#% #)%,tt .+le#t'+# *!% "e'$&#% &e'*%.+%% #&,+t%,+ .+le#t'+# .e% .e%% % #& #&,+ ,+t t%, %,++ '$% '$% !"& !"&/ /
K)%,t K)%,t% %t t .+ele .+ele#t #t'+ '+# # k 0$ 0$ .&t .&t .+te .+te%t %t$# $#% % .'+ .'+
&e'*%.+%% %t' &e'"+t+:+t, *!% .+le#t'+# .e%% &e'"+t+:+t, l+,t'+# '$% !"& ) ?
k
7
o
Dl" t+%0$% "+#'),#)&+, &e%e"&t% *!% .+ele#t'+# .l" #&,+t)' #e&+% ,e00' "e'$&# "e'$&#% % &e'+,t &e'+,t+- +- &e%,e0 &e%,e00 0'% '% "e.% "e.% l+,t' l+,t'+# +# "$t% "$t%9"$ 9"$t t% % &),+t+ &),+t+ .% %et+ %et+ #% te'#$t te'#$t$& $& % *+,% *+,% .+#e% .+#e%ll ,e* ,e*++ &)l'+ &)l'+,, ,,++ l+,t'+ l+,t'+#/ #/
Ge0l Ge0l % te'0. te'0.++ .l! .l!
&e%$"&$#% "$t% &),+t+ &. #e&+% % ,t$ .% &e%$"&$#% "$t% %et+ &. #e&+% % l+%/
=
C"$" Pe$%&'""# ". SS-e e" " Pe$ Pe$%&'" %&'""# "# < ,e00'
B!% D+ele#t'+# )lt"ete' )lt"ete ' DC
P)-e' S$&&l
K&,+t%,+"ete' Pe%e%et$% K)%,t%t D+ele#t'+# K&,+t)' Plt Se00'
'. L"#/-"h3L"#/-"h Pe$%&'""#
1/ H$*$%#% #*el #&,+t%,+"ete' #&,+t%,+"ete' &. :)lt"ete' DC/ M,$##% "+%+&l$ &. "+%+0(# #el$'% #&,+t%,+"ete'/ #&,+t%,+"ete'/ 2/ H+.$% &)-e' ,$&&l t$' *t, *t, $#$' :)lt"ete'/ :)lt"ete'/ 3/ U#$' .% (tt te%% %t' < % % te'$#$' &. :)lt"ete'/ 4/ U#$' 0'# %t' #e.$ < d / 5/ U#$' l$, &e%"&% < A < A// 6/ U#$' *e,' #&,+t%,+ ( .e%% .e%% "e"*( 0'$" &e%$%0$# #&,+t%,+"ete'/ / Cttl! !,+l &e%"t% &. t*el/ 8/ De%% "e%+,+ "e%+,+ *!% .+ele#t'+# .+ele#t'+# #( PC #'t)% #'t)% .% &&% l#$#% l#$#% l%#! 3 ,/./ ,e(' (e'"t/
T"'el H"*+l Pe$%&'""#
T*el/ Dt H,+l Pe'()*%
Pe$%&'""#
d 45 45
C 4)"$"5 4)"$"5 4F5
C 4PVC5 4PVC5 4F5
1 2 3 4 5
1
C 4-e$("*5 4-e$("*5 4F5
C 4""#5 4""#5 4F5
Te-#+- A#"l+*+* D"("
1/ G"*'l! G"*'l! '+# '+# !$*$%% %t' ( .e%% .e%% 1;d 1;d 7 $%t$# ",+%9",+% *!% .+ele#t'+#/ Ke"$.+% te%t$#%l! %+l+ #)e.+,+% &e'"+t+:+t, *!% / (
+)d De%% "e%!+t$% '.+e% '+, te',e*$t "# .&t .+te%t$#% %+l+ &e'"+t+:+t, l+,t+# $.' .% *!% .+ele#t'+#/ G'.+e% m G'.+e% m m 6 ( 7 ;J 61 ; d 7I/ Sel%0$t% .'+ Pe',"% 47 (o D'+ Pe',"% 57 (
k o A d
oA
1 d
'.+e% m ' o A,
.+&e')le! '.+e% m ' k o A,
2/ Te%t$# e%t$#"l "l! ! #)%, #)%,t t%t %t .+el .+ele# e#t' t'+# +# *!% *!% k / D+&e' D+&e')le )le! ! .e%% .e%% &e'*%. &e'*%.+% +%% % %t' %t' &e'"+t+:+t, l+,t'+# l+,t'+# *!% .+ele#t'+# .% .% &e'"+t+:+t, l+,t'+# '$% !"& t$ $.' o7
PERCOBAAN HUKUM OHM I.
T!"# Pe$%&'""#
Dl" Dl" #e!+.$ #e!+.$&% &% ,e!'+ ,e!'+9! 9!'+ '+ #+t #+t *%# *%# *e'!$*$ *e'!$*$% %% % .e%% .e%% l+,t'+ l+,t'+# # "$l+ "$l+ .'+ .'+ &e%e'%% !+% *e#e'0 .e%% #)"&$te' .+&e'l$#% .% l+,t'+#/ D+,"&+% l+,t'+# ,tt+, ,tt+, ele#t'),t ele#t'),tt+#7 t+#7 .% l+t'+# l+t'+# .+%"+, .+%"+, ele#t').+ ele#t').+%"+# %"+#7 7 .+#e%l .+#e%l 0$ l+,t'+# l+,t'+# '$, ,e'! ,e'! DC7 "&$% l+,t'+# '$, *)l#9*l+# AC7/ Dl" #e+t% +%+ #+t #% *e'!$*$%% .e%% l+,t'+#"'$, ,e'! DC7/ Setel! #!+' #e+t% +%+ .+!'% A%. .&t ? 11
1/
Me"&e'#% &e &e%$#$'% te te%% l+ l+,t'+#
2/
Me"&e'#% &e &e%$#$'% ' '$, l+,t'+#
3/
Me%+te'&'et,+#% '+# te%% .% '$,
4/
Me%et$#% *e *e,' !"*t% ,$ ,$t$ &e%!%t'
II. II. Al"( Al"( )"# )"# '"h '"h"# "#
1/ S)#et &%el
5/ A"&e'e"ete' A7
2/ P%el H$#$" O!"
6/ P)te%,+)"ete' P)t7
3/ #*el &e%!$*$%
/ S$"*e' te%% E7
4/ )lt"et )lt"ete' e' 7 III.
D"*"$ (e&$+
K$t '$, l+,t'+# % "e%l+' .l" ,$t$ &e%!%t' !"*t%7 *e,'% ,e*%.+% .e%% *e. &)te%,+l te%% 7 %t' $0$%9$0$% &e%!%t' te',e*$t/ Pe'%t% te',e*$t .&t .+t$l+,#% % I / J+# #e,e*%.+%% te',e*$t .+0.+#% &e',"% .&t .+%t#% ,e*+ I
1 -
% t$
%
I-
5
.e%% I .e%% I .l! #$t '$, % "e%l+' "e%l+' .l" &e%!%t' &e%!%t' tet&% tet&% % .+,e*$t ,e*+ !"*t !"*t% % .% .% % .l! .l! *e. &)te%,+l &)te%,+l &. &. $0$%9 $0$%9$0$ $0$% % &e%!% &e%!%t' t'// Be,' Be,' !"*t !"*t% % *e'%t$% &. 0e%+, &e%!%t' &%0% &e%!%t' .% l$, &e%"&% &e%!%t'/ &e%!%t'/
IV.
C"$" Ke$!"
S-e" $"#/-"+"#
V 7
Y
A
&%el !"*t% 12
,#l'
E
K"( A$* Te("
1/
S$,$ S$,$%l %l! ! '% '%# #+ +% % &e' &e'() ()* *% % ,e&e' e&e't+ t+ "* "*' ' .+ t, t, *+l *+l ,$. ,$.! ! .+% .+% & & *e% *e%'' &e'+#,#% #e&. &e"*+"*+%;,+,te%/ J%% .+!$*$%#% .e%% ,$"*e' *+l *el$" .+&e'+#, &e"*+"*+%;,+,te%
2/
At$'l! , ,#l' .l" &) &),+,+ te te'!$*$% O ON7
3/
At$' P)te%,+) ,e.e"+#+% ,e!+% A"& A"&e'"ete' "e%$%0$# !' te'te%t$ I I 17 (ttl! &e%$%0$##% "&e'"ete'/ "&e'"ete'/
4/
At$'l! #e. #e.$.$#% #% $0$ $0$% . .% > . .'+ :)t :)t"ete' ,e! ,e!+% !" !"*t%% *e *e'$*! *!9 $*!/ Cttl! &e%$0$#% )lt"ete' )lt"ete' ,et+& %+l+ %+l+ % % A%. &+l+!/
5/
Ul%+ %+ l%# #! 27 ,"&+ &+ 47 .e%% % #$t '$, % *e'*e.
H"'"("# Te("
1/
S$,$%l! ' '%# #+% &e' &e'(()*% % ,e ,e&e't+ " "* *' .+ .+ t t, *+ *+l ,$ ,$.! .! .+ .+% %& *e *e%' %' &e'+#,#% #e&. #e&. &e"*+"*+%;,+,te%/ J%% .+!$*$%#% .e%% ,$"*e' *+l *el$" .+&e'+#, &e"*+"*+%;,+,te%
2/
At$'l! ,#l' .l" &),+,+ te'!$*$% ON7
3/
At$'l! $0$% :)lt "ete' &. !"*t% .e%% %+l+ te'te%t$ 17 .% (ttl!/
4/
P$t'l 'l! &) &)te%,+) ,e ,e.e"+#+% ,e ,e!+% % A"&e'"ete' "e "e%$%0$ %0$# ! !' te te'te%t$ %t$ I I 17 .% :)lt"ete' :)lt"ete' "e%$%0$#% "e%$%0$#% !' te'te%t$ te'te%t$ &$l (ttl! (ttl! &e%$%0$##% &e%$%0$##% "&e'"ete' "&e'"ete' .% :)lt"ete'
5/
Ul%+ l%#! 2 27 ,"&+ 47 .e%% ! !"*t% % *e'*e./
V. T"'l"*+ )"(" Kuat Arus Tetap I 1 8 N&. R 4&h5 1 2 9
A 4:&l(
I 2 8 R 4&h5
A 4:&l(5
I 8 R 4&h5
!ambatan tetap
13
A 4:&l(5
I 8 R 4&h5
A 4:&l(5
I 9 8 R 4&h5
A 4:&l(5
R1 8 N&. I 4"5 1 2 9
&h 4:&l(5
R2 8 I 4"55
&h R 8 I 4:&l(5 4"5
&h 4:&l(5
R 8 I 4"5
&h 4:&l(5
R9 8 I 4"5
&h 4:&l(5
VI. T/"*
1/
B$t B$tll! ' '++# !$*$ !$*$% %% % %t' %t' #$t #$t '$, '$, ,e* ,e* + + *,+ *,+,7 .% .% te te% %% % ,e* ,e* ++ )'.+%t7.'+ .t % tel! A%. &e')le!/
2/
Te%t$ e%t$# #% % *e, *e,'% '% !"* !"*t t% % *e'. *e'., ,' '# #% % ' '+# +# % % tel tel! ! A%. A%. *$t *$t//
3/
Te%t e%t$#% $#% %+ %+l+ l+ !" !"* *tt% *e'. *e'., ,' '# #% % !$# !$#$" $" O!"/ O!"/
4/
B%. B%.+% +%# #% % %+l %+l++ !"* !"*t t% % !,+ !,+ll &e'! &e'!+t +t$% $%% % .' .'++ ' '+# +# *e'. *e'., ,' '# #% % !$#$" !$#$" O!" O!" .% .% &e%$#$'% l%,$%/ L#$#% &e"*!,% .% "*+l! #e,+"&$l%%/
D"("$ *("-"
J)!%e,/ 1=87/ Listrik 1=87/ Listrik dan Ma.net / J#'t? PN Bl+ P$,t# Hll+. Hll+. Re,%+(# Re,%+(# te'0/ )le! P/ P/ S+l*% S+l*% E/ S$(+&t)7/ 1=847/ Fisika 1=847/ Fisika /ilid II / E'l% E'l%? ? J#'t De&.+#*$./ 1=7/ &ner.i 1=7/ &ner.i 0eloman. dan Medan #/ #/ J#'t? Bl+ P$,t#/
PERCOBAAN 9 KESETARAAN KALOR LISTRIK I.
T!"# Pe$%&'""#
D+ l" +%+ te'.&t *%# 0e%+, e%e'+ %t' l+% ? e%e'+ #+"+ e%e'+ l+,t'+#/ e%e'+ &%,;#l)' &%,;#l)' e%e'+ &)te%,+l ':+t,+ ':+t,+ e%e'+ #+%et+# .% l+%9l+%/ H$#$" #e#e#l% e%e'+ "e%t#% *!- e%e'+ t+.# .&t .+"$,%!#% t$&$% .+*$t "el+%#% !% .+$*!;#)%:e',+ .'t+ ,t$ 0e%+,;*e%t$# e%e'+ #e 0e%+, *e%t$# e%e'+ % l+%/ P. #e+t% +%+ #)%:e',+ .'+ e%e'+ l+,t'+# "e%0.+ e%e'+ &%,;#l)' .e%% "e%$%#% #l)'+"ete'/
14
Dl" &e'+,t+- te',e*$t .&t .+te%t$#% %+l+;%# #e,et'% %t' e%e'+ l+,t'+# .e%% e%e'+ &%,;#l)'/ &%,;#l)'/ Setel! "el#$#% &e'()*% "!,+,- .+!'% ""&$ ?
II.
III.
1/
Me%e Me%e%t %t$# $#% % *e, *e,'% '% e%e' e%e'+ + l+,t l+,t'+ '+# # % % .+l .+le& e&, , .l .l" " #l) #l)'+ '+"e "ete te''/
2/
Me%e Me%e%t %t$# $#% % *e, *e,'% '% e%e' e%e'+ + &% &%,; ,;# #l) l)'' % % .+te .+te'+ '+" " #l) #l)'+ '+"e "ete te''/
3/
Me%e%t$#% %+l+ #e,et'% #l)' l+,t'+#/
Al"( ; "l" "l"( )"# B"h" "h"#
1/
Kl)'+"ete' l+,t'+#
6/ St)&-t(!
2/
Ct$ . l+,t'+# DC/
/ K*el &e%!$*$%
3/
A"&e'"ete'
8/ Te'")"ete'
4/
)lt"ete'
=/ H"*t% e,e'
5/
S#l'
D"*"$ (e (e&$+
P. &e'()*% +%+ #+t *e'!$*$%% .e%% .$ *e%t$# e%e'+ #%+ e%e'+ #l)' .% l+,t'+#/ E%e'+ l+,t'+# % .+!,+l#% )le! ,$t$ (t$ . &. ,$t$ 'e,+,t)' .+%t#% .e%% &e',"% 1 %iT
.e%% % .l! % .l! te%% l+,t'+# i '$, l+,t'+# T -#t$ -#t$ l" l+'% '$, l+,t'+#7 .% 1 e%e'+ e%e'+ l+,t'+#/ J$"l! #l)' % .+&e'l$#% $%t$# "e%+#% ,$!$ t .+%t#% .e%% &e',"% ? 2
mc6t t a 75
.e%% 2 .l! 0$"l! #l)' % .+&e'l$#% m ",, t c #l)' 0e%+, t t .l! .l! ,$!$ -l .% t ,$!$ #!+'/ Dl Dl" " &e'( &e'()* )* % % +%+ +%+ e%e' e%e'+ l+,t l+,t'+ '+# # % % .+le .+le& &,# ,#% % #% #% .+te .+te'+ '+" " )le! )le! +' +' .% #l)'+"ete'/ #l)'+"ete'/ Be'.,'#% , Bl# Bl# *!- &%,;#l)' % .+le&, ," .e%% &%,;#l)' % .+te'+" "# e%e'+ l+,t'+# % .+le&, #% .+te'+" )le! +' .l" #l)'+"ete' .% #l)'+"ete' #l)'+"ete' te'",$# te'",$# &e%.$#7 &e%.$#7 +t$ ,e%.+'+ ,e!+% #% te'0.+ te'0.+ &e'$*!% &e'$*!% &%, &. +' .% #l)'+"ete'/ #l)'+"ete'/ A.&$% *e,'% %+l+ #e,et'% #l)' l+,t'+# .&t .+%t#% .e%% &e',"%
%iT
6 mk c k
ma ca 76t a
t 7
/
.l" !l +%+ ? % ? Te%% l+,t'+# :)lt7 i ? A'$, l+,t'+# A"&e'e7 T ? #t$; l" l+'% l+,t'+# ,e#)%7 m# ? ",, #l)'+"ete' #),)% .% &e%.$# '"7 15
c# ? #l)' 0e%+, #l)'+"ete' #l;' )C7 m ? ",, +' .l" #l)'+"ete' '"7 c ? #l)' 0e%+, +' #l;' )C7 t ? ,$!$ "$l9"$l t )C7 t ? ,$!$ #!+' t )C7
IV.
P$&*e)$ e e$%&'""# G"'"$ "l"(
te'")"ete'
&e%.$#
S#l'
A
C"(
V
H"*t% e,e'
Kl)'+"ete' 1/
P,%l! ' '%#+% l+ l+,t'+#% ,e ,e&e't+ "*' .+ .+ t t, . .% *e *e'+t!$#% #e&. &e"*+"*+%;,+,te% le*+! .$l$ $%t$# .+&e'+#, ,e*el$" '%#+% .+!$*$%#% .e%% ,$"*e' te%%/
2/
Setel! .+ .+&e'+#, .+ .+!$*$%#% .e .e%% ,$ ,$"*e' t$ t$t$&l! &e &e"$t$, ' '$, ,#l'7 .% t$'l! !"*t% e,e'"% ,e!+% '$,% #+'9#+' 2 A"&e'e
3/
T+"*%l! # #l)'+"ete' #) #),)% * *e0% . .l"7 . .% &e &e%.$#/ C C ttl! ",, #l)'+"ete' #),)%
4/
I,+l! #l)'+"ete' .e%% +' ,e($#$&% #$"&'% te'(el$&7 .% t+"*%l! #e"*l+ ,e!+% ",, +'% .+#et!$+/ Ctt ",, +' .l" #l)'+"ete'/ #l)'+"ete'/
5/
P,%l! #l)'+"ete' % ,$.! *e'+,+ +'/ U#$' ,$!$ +' .% #l)'+"ete' .% (ttl! !,+l &e%$#$'% A%./
6/
T$t$&l! ,#l' &e"$t$, '$, *e',"% .e%% "e%!+.$% stop3atch/ stop3atch/ Cttl Cttl! ! &e%$0$ &e%$0$##% ##% te%% te%% .% '$, '$, ,et+& ,et+& 2 #l)'+"ete' .e%% &e%.$#/
16
"e%+t "e%+t .% .$#l .$#l! ! te'$, te'$, +' .l" .l"
Setel! te"&e't$' %+# ,e#+t' 1)C !e%t+t% !e%t+t% l+'% l+'% l+,t'+#/ l+,t'+#/ Cttl! ,$!$
/
#!+' l" &e%l+'% l+,t'+#/ 8/ V.
Ul%+ l%#! 4 ,"&+ .e%% ",, +' % *e'*e./ T"'l"*+ D"("
Pe'()*% #e ? N&.
4:&l(5
I 4".5
T 4*e-
mk 4/$"5
ma 4/$"5
t 4 C5 &
t a 4 C5 &
1 2 9 VI.
T/"*
1/
Te%t$#% %+l+;%# #e,et'% #l)' l+,t'+#
2/
L#$#%
&e"*!,%
t,
!,+l
&e'()*%
A%.
#e"$.+%
t'+#l!
#e,+"&$l%%/
VII.
D"("$ P*("-"
Se', F// 1=847/ Mekanika4 Panas4 dan Bunyi/ Bunyi/ J#'t? E'l%/ S)et'+,%)/ 1==47/ !eri Fisika Dasar 5 Listrik dan Ma.net / B%.$%? Pe%e'*+t ITB/ Se', F// 1=857/ Listrik-Ma.net 1=857/ Listrik-Ma.net / J#'t? E'l%/
PERCOBAAN < PERCOBAAN OERSTED
I.
T!"# Pe$%&'""#
1/
Me% Me%el el+. +.+# +#++ .% .% "e. "e.% % " "%e %ett .+ ,e#+ ,e#+t t'' #- #-tt % % .+ .+l+ l+'+ '+ '$ '$,, l+, l+,t'+ t'+#/ #/
2/
Me%e Me%e%t %t$# $#% % +%. +%.$# $#,+ ,+ " "%e %et+ t+# # .+ ,e# ,e#+t +t' ' ##-t t *e' *e'' '$, $, l+, l+,t' t'+# +#//
II.
D"*"$ Te&$+
J+# "$t% l+,t'+# "e%l+' "ell$+ #-t &e%!%t' #% t+"*$l &e%'$! "e%et+# .+ ,e#+t' #-t &e%!%t' te',e*$t/ Pe%'$! "%et+# +%+ ""&$ "e%'+# *!% "%et+# 1
% l+%/ J+# ,e'*$# *e,+ .+,e*'#% .+ ,e#+t' #-t *e''$, l+,t'+# ,e'*$# *e,+ +t$ #% "e"*e%t$# &)l l+%#'% % te't$'/ H%, C!'+,t+% Oe',te. "e%.#% &e%el+t+% te%t% &e%'$! "e.% "%et .+ ,e#+t' #-t *e''$, l+,t'+#/ K-t *e''$, l+,t'+# "e%e**#% 0'$" #)"&, *e'e'#/ J.+ .+ ,e#+t' #-t *e''$, l+,t'+# te'.&t '+, "%et/
III.
Al"( )"# B"h"#
1/
S$"*e' te%% '$, ,e'!
2/
K*el &e%!$*$%
3/
S#l'
4/
K)"&,
5/
A"&e'e"ete'
IV.
P$+#*+ Ke Ke$!"
S$,$%% R%#+% Pe'()*%
A
B
(t$ .
""ete'
,#l'
(atatan? (atatan? ,#l' .l" &),+,+ te'*$# t$' '%#+% ,e!+% &),+,+ 0'$" #)"&, ,e00' &e%!%t'/
/
At$' (t$ . &. te%% 3 :)lt DC
*/
T$t$& ,#l' .% "t+ &e%+"&%% 0'$" #)"&,
(/
B$# ,#l'
./
U*! *e,'% '$, .e%% "e%t$' te%% &. 6 = .% 12
e/
T$#'#% '! &)l'+t, .e%% "e%$#' ",$#% (t$ . &. A .% B
V.
D"(" Pe$%&'""#
N)/
Te%% 7
P),+t+
Net+
A'! Pe%+"&%% 18
K$t A'$, A7
K+'+ 1 2 3 4
3 6 = 12
VI.
T/"*
1/
A A B B
K%%
Be,' S+"&%% 7
B B A A
B$tl! ' '+# !$ !$*$%% % %t' #$ #$t ' '$, I I 7 .% *e,' ,+"&%% 7 %
te'0.+/ 2/
Be'.,'#% &e'()*% !+t$%l! *e,' +%.$#,+ "%et+# B/ B/
VIII VIII.. D"(" "("$$ P* P*(" ("-" -"
Al)%,) Al)%,) %. F+%%/ F+%%/ 1==2/ Dasar-dasar Fisika untuk 6ni7ersitas Medan Medan dan 0eloman. 7/ 7/ J#'t E'l%/ B"*% P$'-.+ .##/ 1==6/ Panduan 1==6/ Panduan Praktikum Fisika Dasar / >)# >)#'t? 't? FMIPA UGM/ S$t'+,%)/ 1==4/ Fisika 1==4/ Fisika Dasar 0eloman. dan Optik 7/ 7/ B%.$%? Pe%e'*+t ITB/
1=