The Japanese Association of Indian and Buddhist Studies
Vol 53, No 1, December Journal o/lndwl1 alld 8uddhnt Stlldlel Vol
20044 200
(I) (I)
Practice of Wakefulness --AlokawlnJl1ii --AlokawlnJl1ii
111 111
the
SriivakahhLlJnl-SriivakahhLlJnl--
Takako ABE ABE Takako The fIrst of the the The fIrst Yoga'lthZina of
Sriivakahhul111 shows basIc basIc attitudes attitudes and and acts acts S riivakahhul111 ((=Sbh) = S bh ) shows
of forest-dwellIng forest-dwellIng renunclants renunclants rather rather than than yogZicZira's methods methods of of medItatIon. medItatIon. In In thIS thIS of of wakefulness wakefulness (jaganJ..ayoga) IS II1terpreted II1terpreted 111 111 detaIl detaIl Whereas Whereas chapter, the the practIce practIce of chapter, (jaganJ..ayoga) IS the term term j(igankZiyoga j(igankZiyoga IS IS commonly commonly expressed expressed 111 111 the the Nlkayas Nlkayas and and the the Agamas Agamas as as the "applylllg to to belllg belllg awake awake (,ag(/! Iya-anuyutta, "applylllg
f}]~1~1~Jj!fJlt~m:t)"', the TIbetan TIbetan trans transf}]�1�1�Jj!fJlt�m:t)"', the
latIon of of the the Sbh Sbh renders renders "a practIce of of not not sleeplllg sleeplllg latIon "a practIce
nya/ ba ba shyor shyor ba)"', and also also ((1111 1111 nya/ ba)"', and
the MahZiyZinZibl1ldharma-wl11l1ccaya MahZiyZinZibl1ldharma-wl11l1ccaya puts puts "/F�H�" "/F~H~" 111 111 thIs thIs term term the
There are are some some There
IIldlcatlllg aa practIce practIce of of forgoll1g forgoll1g sleep sleep for for aa partIcular partIcular perIod perIod of of tIme tIme as as an an siitras IIldlcatlllg ascetic deed. deed. Thus Thus we we tend tend to to gIve gIve aa defll1ltlOn defll1ltlOn of of jiigankZiyoga as as aa practIce practIce of of ascetic forgoll1g sleep sleep forgoll1g
The Sbh, Sbh, however, however, stresses stresses taklllg taklllg enough enough sleep sleep to to mall1tall1 mall1tall1 their their The
and to to practIce practIce dUrIng dUrIng sleep sleep health and health
In the the whole process of of practIce practIce 111 111 sleep, sleep, the the In whole process
most essentIal IS the the Zilokasal11jiiZi most essentIal element element IS
Though the the NIkayas NIkayas and and the the Agamas Agamas Though
refer It It as as aa concentratIon concentratIon on on an an Image Image of of lIght lIght to to avoId avoId the the defIlement defIlement of of drowsll1ess drowsll1ess refer (llllddha), the the Sbh Sbh gives gives aa dIfferent dIfferent vIew on ItS ItS functIOn and character. character. In In thiS thiS paper, paper, (llllddha), vIew on functIOn and
as aa part part of of my my current current research research on on the the practItIOners' practItIOners' behavIOur behavIOur stated stated 111 111 the the Sbh, Sbh, II as fIrst would would lIke lIke to to demonstrate that the the }ZigankZiyoga IS IS aa practIce practIce that that takes takes place place fIrst demonstrate that dUrIng sleep dUrIng sleep and and conSIder conSIder the the functIon functIon of of the the Zilokawl11jnZi, and and second second dISCUSS dISCUSS the the
manner In In whIch whIch one one performs performs the the Zilokasal11jI1Zi manner Way of ofjiigarikiiyoga jiigarikiiyoga 1. Way
The way way of of jiigankiiyoga jiigankiiyoga 111 111 the the Sbh, Sbh, origll1aIly from aa The origll1aIly from
passage of of the the RathakZira-vagga [AN], the MahZi'lsapura-slitta [MN], or the the Loka Loka[AN], the [MN], or passage IS as as lIsted lIsted hill1aglll1a-vagga [SN], [SN], IS
111 order order below: below: .. 111
I Day tllne / The fIrst watch of of the I1Ight I1Ight --- Walkll1g and Slttll1g practIce of the I1Ight I1Ight --(I) Wash II1 II1gg feet outSIde and enterll1g II1to II1to the resI resI22 Thc Il1lddlc watch of --- (I) (2) lyl\1g In In the lIon's lIon's posture (1'll1lha';a. (1'll1lha';a.I,ya), (3) PercelvlIlg a lIght (aloka,<,amjllii), (2) I,ya), (3) (aloka,<,amjllii), (4) Havl\1g Il1l11dfulness Il1l11dfulness ((\111111). (5) HavlI1g full awareness (wmpr(lj17ana), (6) (6) Thlllklllg of of (4) \111111 ) . (5) dence.
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of Wakefulness (T (T ABE) ABE) Practice of
nsmg up up (utfhanaml11jiia) (Sbh (Sbh 4pp 4pp 10-1 10-11) nsmg 1) Although the term
(3) a/okasal11j11a does not occur (3)
kayas and IS IS Just mentioned mentioned III III the kayas
111 the passage of of the above NI NI-
Agamas, Sbh It as follows' A gamas, the S bh expla111s It
[The practItIOner] grasps grasps an an Image Image of of aa lIght lIght well, well, thll1ks thll1ks It It well, well, enJoys enJoys It It well, well, and and rec rec[The practItIOner] ogmzes It It well well (a/okanlllllttam (a/okanlllllttam allena \'udgrhitam hhavatl m/1lwwslkrtam \uJustam mpra mpraogmzes The one one who who IS IS examll1l11g examll1l11g the the lIght lIght lIes lIes dow downn wIth wIth the the mll1d mll1d bnghtened Thus bnghtened Thus tlvlddham/) The the mll1d mll1d IS IS never never covered covered wIth wIth darkness darkness even even dunng dunng sleep sleep (Sbh (Sbh p p 106) the
This passage IS explIcit about one's sleep with an awakened m111d By the followlllg passage on passage ened
(4) '1m,.tl, we could suggest that the a/oka.sal11Jl1a makes makes a m111d bnght bnght(4)
111 order ,to 111 a dream The text says to IIlvestlgate objects 111
111
,
Havmg heard, heard, thought, thought, and and cultIvated cultIvated the the meanmgful teachmgs, [the practItIOner s] s] mem memHavmg meanmgful teachmgs, [the practItIOner ory of of the the exact exact [teachll1gs] arIses dUrIng dUrIng sleep sleep ory [teachll1gs] arIses 111
Dependll1g on the the [memory], even whIle whIle Dependll1g on [memory], even
sleep, the the teach teach II1gs II1gs are are recorded recorded (ahlll/apantl) as as IIff he he were were awake awake (\ vapn(IPI vapn(IP I )),, and and 11IS 11IS sleep,
mmd observes observes the the teaehll1gs teaehll1gs repeatedly repeatedly In In accordance accordance wIth wIth the the recollectIOn, recollectIOn, one one lIes lIes dow down mmd n wIth a' a' good good mInd mInd or or aa neutral neutral I11l11d I11l11d (Sbh (Sbh pp pp 106-1(7) wIth
llap does not only express that past It should be noted here that the term ab/ll ab/llllap objects are fixed, but also ImplIes that they appear with their dlst111ctlve marks, 111 a m111d m111d See\l1g "'1vapl7a" as a dream, "ahlllllap" languages 111 signs, forms, or languages "ahlll llap" can
reflects be descnbed as a function of a process of recollection which ref lects past objects
Mahavlhclearly 111 111 a dream ThiS view would be accepted by Hsuan-tsang and the Mahavlh hasa-~a'ltra Hsuan-tsang translates thiS "'1vapl7a" 'II1tO "a dream 111 111 sleep sleepll!l=§~", ll!l=§�", and hasa-�a'ltra
"ablllllap" memonze~Gt~" c1early5J'SJjffl,-ru-" The "ablll llap" 111tO " to memonze �Gt� " and "to appear c1early 5J' SJjffl,-ru- " as well T he of the mll1d 111 111 sleep and the three types Mahavlhhasa offers a detailed descnptlon of of actions performed 111 111 sleep, sleep, 'good, bad, and neutral neutral If If one actually performs good of acts, good-karma occurs while sleep1l1g The good-karma leads him to do good acts such as makll1g an offenng III tue III hiS dream, which then causes good vir virtue
exAlthough the later Yogacara-VIJllanavadl\1's texts, as we know, strongly deny ex Istences appeared 111 111 a dream, the
Sbh of wakeS bh takes the traditIOnal ascetic deed of wake
of observ1I1g the teachll1gs In a dream In the process of of the Jagfulness as a way of Jag ankayoga, we could confidently say that the a/okawl11Jl1a IS a functIOn to keep III order to project the teach II1gs III III a dream consciousness clan fled III
2, Manner Manner of of iilokasamjnii iilokasamjnii
To conSider what I p0111ted out 111 111 the prevIous paper -479NII-Electronic Library Service
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of Wakefulness (T ABE) PractIce of
010ka5al11j110, we mIght that the dlVII1e eye (devClcClf...\lI\) (devClcClf...\lI\) can be obtaII1ed by means of 010ka5al11j110, expect that the alokaml1l/lla alokaml1l/lla means means more than the concentratIon on an Image Image of of
lIght for the aVOIdance of of sleepll1ess. Now a questIon arIses' how does one perceIve lIght lIght') a lIght') alokammjl1a IS IS rather a serIes of of VIsualIzatIons, because few We can see that the alokammjl1a ii/okawl11/llii as a VIsualIzatIon gIve SimIlar comments to the texts regardll1g the ii/okawl11/llii
of the Samodhl-bhavano Samodhl-bhavano passage quoted above For example, the chapter of
Sbh's Sbh's
(~)E£) II1 II1 (�)E£)
Dharmcnkanda-pCida-\ostra says that havlI1g taken an Image of of lIght such as a the Dharmcnkanda-pCida-\ostra
lIght of of medlcll1e, mal1l-jewelry, heavenly palace, constellatIon, or a round frame frame of of lIght ImagII1es the lIght shlnII1g at a certaII1 place the sun or the moon, the practItIOner ImagII1es and Widens the Image to spread over the mII1d The slitra also expresses Its method
II1 kkII1g, comprehendll1g, observlI1g, concentratII1g, settlll1g, and dlscrI dlscrI mll1at1l1g as .. thII1
C'l!\1t.f�lr7tm�Jmm!?eff:fffi C'l!\1t.f~lr7tm~Jmm!?eff:fffi7.J"'5JU)'" 7.J"'5JU)'" LIkeWIse, the Sanputrabllldharma-sostra Sanputrabllldharma-sostra expla1l1s Image of of lIght, thll1ks It, recognIzes It, and enjoys It that one grasps an Image
(!&~7tI3)H§ (!&�7tI3)H§
B J'l!7\*7tI3~~D7tI3~~7tI3~), and then fIll the mll1d WIth the lIght. lIght. B J'l!7\*7tI3��D7tI3��7tI3�), 3. Conclusion
have seen, the jagankayoga jagankayoga 111 111 the As we have
of forgoll1g sleep, but but a medItatIon dUrIng sleep of
Sbh IS not a practIce Sbh IS
alokasal11jila, In thIS process, the alokasal11jila,
IS stated \11 \11 the Nlkayas to be a medItatIon to aVOId drows\l1ess, IS IS a functIon functIon whIch IS memoto awaken one"s conSCIousness, so that the mll1d reflects objects prevIously memo In a dream W WhIle alokamlJ1/l1a IS simply conSIdered to be a concentratIon rIzed In hIle the alokamlJ1/l1a of lIght, 111 111 the on an Image of
It IS IS a serIes of of visualIzatIOns that begll1s WIth a SSbh bh It
Image of of lIght lIght and ends WIth a mll1d suffused with brIghtness phYSIcal Image SrZivahahhiiml of of ACiil:J'{/ ACiil:J'{/ A wllga, (1973) Sriivakahhiim" Sriivakahhiim" Re ReRefel ences SrZivahahhiiml wllga, Shllk la, K cd (1973)
vised Sanskrit Text and Japanese TranslatIOn, S bh StlldYll1g Group, Talsho Ul1lVerslty Sbh
(1998) Notes al e omitted for want of of space See my prevIOLIs paper ,7t0)��", ,7t0)~~", In The (1998) JOllrnal JOllrnal
Ewlell( BlIddJlII1 Sludle\, Sludle\, No :36 (2004) 0/ Ewlell( :36 (2004)
WOlds>> Key WOlds ((Key
Sf{lva/\ahhiil1ll, Jiigartkiivoga, Jiigartkiivoga, ii/okawII1Jllii, ii/okawII1Jllii, Sf{lva/\ahhiil1ll,
\l11rll, sleep, dream \l11rll,
Chlsan-ha)) ((Researcher, Researcher, CI11San DenboulI1 I nstltute for Chlsan-ha
47B -47B-
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