ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET FACULTY FACULTY OF SCIENCE ENGINEERING ENGI NEERING AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT
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>ASTE MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE
INTRODUCTION:
Waste management issue has become one of the most important environmental issue for many countries in the world. Increase in population, rapid urbanisation and large consumption of resources has a large impact on environment. Unscientific way of dumping solid waste in many developing countries is not only affecting environment but it is also affecting health of public and surrounding areas (Achundumne and Olawale, 2!". Waste can be in different forms such as sewage, solid, organic, ha#ardous, recyclable etc. In 2$$, according to World %an& global review about $.' billion tonnes of solid waste was generated till 22 it is e)pected to reach mar& of 2.' billion tonnes and these solid waste was generated alone in urban areas. *oreover, it is believed that generation of waste to be doubled in ne)t two decades (World %an&, 2$2". Australia produces large amount of waste they are among world+s largest producers of waste. About ' &ilograms of waste is produced by Australians per day it can be of any form such as solid, liuid and gaseous. -he cities faces lot of problems as large amount of waste is produced because they have improper storage systems, costs have risen to manage if large amount of waste is generated and less amount of technology is used to handle waste management system. Improper management system for handling waste can affect air, water, soil, public+s health, it may also lead in generation of greenhouse gases and it may cause diseases. Although there many policies, many technologies are involved in controlling of waste management but there is need to amend new strategies and technologies and concentrate more on converting and reprocessing of waste.
Im.(1tan'e (0 >ate Mana/ement:
-he maor importance of managing of waste is that if large amount of waste is generated which can in any form if this debris are not stored properly it can cause health and economic problems. /or humans managing of waste is their responsibility in all the other species humans generate large amount of waste than other species. 0arlier people used to dig a hole and bury their waste this was an effective way at that because population was less, but now modern humans cannot bury their debris in a hole because waste produced by modern humans is not a biodegradable as this can destroy soil and ground water. 1andfill techniue is improper and can lead to health problems. In addition, if there are no proper treatment to sewages it can affect the health of community and it may spread to other parts of city and improper waste management techniues can lead to social, safety and economic problems. In order to avoid spread of disease awareness should be created among people, proper education and campaigns should be made to ma&e people aware of landfilling. *ost of people are not educated if large amount of waste is disposed in land it pollutes ground water and chemical gas are formed this may pollute the environment. -hese chemical gases are released in air and may lead to diseases li&e cancer and emits greenhouse gas. o in order to avoid these gases to release in air alternative methods should be used such as recycling and reprocessing of waste. If these alternate method is followed there is a less possibility of burying waste so there could be less emission of greenhouse gases and other pollutants.
-he waste management hierarchy can be purposed in different ways the above figure depicts to ma&e waste management practices as environmentally possible.With this hirerarchy it is possible to deal with landfill. -his figures e)plains the current method for reducing and disposing of waste. 3igh priority is given to avoid and reduce waste which is show in the figure this allows community to avoid usage of disposable good and reduce the generation of waste aim is to increase efficiency after avoid and reduce waste ne)t prefernce is given to reuse waste, reuse of waste means if usage of a product is over or discarded again utili#e the good for various other applications. -he ne)t preferable method is recycling, as this method collect different waste products and recycles it for use of different applications. -his method plays a very crucial role in reducing the uantity of material that is being deposited. -hese three methoda such as reduction, reuse and recycling are most prefered in waste management hirerarchy. At the same time least prefred methods are resource recovery, incineration and landfilling these methods increase waste and pollute the environment.
T1&.,e 3(tt(m ,&ne:
-riple bottom is a techniue which focuses on three factors such as people, planet and profit. -riple bottom line dimensions are also &nown as '4s. -riple bottom line techniue could a good measure to maintain sustainability. -riple bottom line method helps in understanding policy and economic development. -riple bottom line cannot be calculated there is no method but it is a strength which helps government policy to improve economic sustainability. -riple bottom line e)plains how a firm is performing and at the same time it shows which areas needs to be rectified. -riple bottom line 3elps 5ompany to measure its performance not only with sta&eholders but it suggests company to measure it performance with local government and community. T1&.,e 3(tt(m ,&ne a..,&ed t( 6ate mana/ement &ue: S('&a,: *easuring waste management issue by triple bottom line is one of the best way to
manage waste management methods. Using this techniue it enhances uality of life, triple bottom line e)amines business profits and also consider connection with local society socially, it also helps in creating balance in mechanically disposing of waste. If there is no proper involvement of government bodies it may create problems locally, so it becomes necessary that there should be a good involvement locally as triple bottom line e)plains that if there is no proper involvement with local community management system starts to shrin& automatically. E'(n(m&'6 %y using triple bottom line method in economic factor it helps to e)pand
business. /rom a survey it is been stated that on recycling of waste appro)imately of 7$.8 is created, by this it ustifies triple bottom line and it shows that how a firm can survive in future and moreover it also increases ecological and social sustainability.
En4&1(nmenta,: -riple bottom line plays a maor role in environmental factor as it shows
less impact on a business environment, as less resources are used then there are chance to last management longer and more successful it will be, controlling environmental sustainability means e)amining, managing and reporting consumption of waste and emission and also it help in ma&ing policies li&e green policies and waste reducing techniues. C9an/e 1e'(mmended t( /(4e1nment .(,&'- 1e,ated t( &ue &n'(1.(1ated 6&t9 TBL:
Waste generation is been significantly increasing, about 9'.8 million tonnes of waste have generated from '$: till year form 2';29 and 2<;2!. -he nature of waste is changed and it has become more comple) and it is getting difficult to recover waste material. =overnment policy should focus more on following recommendation mentioned below6
=overnment policy should more focus on #ero waste action plan. Awareness should be created among people on recyclable material processing. tudents in schools should be educated to reduce waste generation and increase recycling process programs. Increase diversion from landfill by increasing use of recyclable waste. >ecyclable bins should be provided at homes, school, public places etc. Increase composting opportunities. pecific standards showed be set that e)amines the progress of reduction in waste which will help in incorporating triple bottom line principles.
Te'9n(,(/- d&'u&(n:
-echnology plays a very significant role in managing of waste management techniue. 5urrently, these technologies are used they are as follows a" 1andfills b" >ecycling. a" Land0&,,6 ?espite of least preferred as discussed above in waste management hierarchy this technology is used. -his technology has contributed largely to environment because of it new design in construction of landfill, it is considered as a cost effective method of disposing waste material. In past this landfills were not designed in proper manner which lead to adverse environmental issues such as wind; blown litter, organic waste was brea& which lead to evolvement of gas which had odour problem which &ills vegetation and this gases is a greenhouse gas. As landfilling technology is cost effective so in order to overcome proper funding should be made so that landfills are properly managed if this landfills are properly managed there will be no environmental issue li&e less greenhouse gases and low surface vegetation. b" Re'-',&n/: >ecycling is one of the best and well &nown technology used in waste management technologies. As this process collects waste and recycles it in simple words recycling of everyday waste and recycling it. -his technology has contributed largely to environment in this techniue waste is collected from specified bins and collection vehicle. @ewspaper, *aga#ines, bottles etc are easily recycled. >ecycling technology is most preferred than any other method. >ecycling process have made valueless products into valuable product. -his technology have made valuable contribution to environment li&e reduction in pollution, material conservation and has reduced the reuirement of landfill. -hese technology can be encouraged by encouraging people to participate in recycling programs.
C(n',u&(n:
Waste management is becoming a very crucial issue as it is affecting public health and environment because they are not managed in a proper manner. o, in order to control this recycling and reprocessing techniues should be used widely and by encouraging people to participate in introducing new technologies from this large amount of waste generated can be controlled and sustainability can be achieved.
Re0e1en'e:
Achundumne, A.5 and .- Olawale, 2! , Microbial pathogens of public health
significance in waste dump and common sites , pg $$;$9. As&, 2$<, Why is waste management important?, BO@1I@0C Avaialble6
http6DDwww.as&.comDscienceDwaste;management;important;!82eebc!'<9ed!
BAccessed 8 *ay 2$
Policy:
Less
Waste,
More
Resources,
BO@1I@0C
Available6
https6DDwww.environment.gov.auDsystemDfilesDpagesDE9aa!c;<<8$;99c<;8d8';
!!<A+s 0nvironmental 5ompliance *anagement %log, Sustainability management system: he riple !ottom Line , BO@1I@0C Available6
http6DDinfo.era;environmental.comDblogDbidD9!88Dustainability;management;
system;-he;-riple;%ottom;1ine BAccessed 8 *ay 2$, 2$<, ournal of 0nvironmental %iology, SW" analysis of waste management practices in #handigarh, $ndia and prospectus for
sustainable cities, vol '!, pg '2!;''2. -he waste hierarchy DNSW %P&,
2$<,
BO@1I@0C
Available6
http6DDwww.epa.nsw.gov.auDwastestrategyDwaste;hierarchy.htm BAccessed 8 *ay
2$
*ay 2$
Available6 http6DDwastemanagement.bafree.netD BAccessed 8 *ay 2$esearch paper of the Wroclaw University of 0conomics, $8EE;'$E2, pg 22;2<9.