PHYSICAL FEATURES OF RAJASTHAN
1. We Weste stern rn S Sand andy y Plain Plainss
Origin : Tethys Sea Salty lakes of Rajasthan are remains of Tethys Sea. Ex : Revasa, Kochar, Kuchaman, Pachpadra, Deedwana, Sambhar, Lunkaransar Extension of eastern part of Thar Desert (62% of total Thar Desert in Rajasthan) and situated to the North-west of Aravalli Ranges Ht : 640km ; width : 300 km Eastern boundary marked by 50 cm isohyetal line 12 districts : ShriGanganagar, Hanumangarh, Bikaner, Churu, Nagaur, Jodhpur(Biggest), Barmer, Jalore, Pali, Sikar, Jhunjunu + N-W part of Sirohi. 2 types of grass : Sewan and Dhaman DHARIAN : Local term for shifting sands(commonly found to west near shahgarh village, Jaisalmer) Types of Desert/Marusthal : a) URG URG : Sand Sandy y des deser ertt b) b) HAMM HAMMAD AD : Rock Rocky y des deser ertt c) RAIG RAIG : Mixtur Mixturee of both both above. above. Types of sand dunes : a) Longitudnal Longitudnal :South :South and and western western part in barmer, barmer, Jaisalm Jaisalmer,Jod er,Jodhpur hpur Seif of Sahara or Urg of Arabia. Flows along with the direction of wind. b) Transverse Transverse : North North and and North-Ea North-Easter stern n parts, parts, Makes right angle with the direction of wind c) Crescent Crescent Shape Shape or or BARCHANS BARCHANS : Barchans Barchans of Turkist Turkistan an ShriGanganagar, Hanumangarh, Bikaner and Churu in form of ranges. Minimum Avg height from Ocean floor = 150 m A/c to some Geologists, salty lakes in this region are not part of Tethys sea but of Mica’s Salty Rocks found deeply from which salt comes up due to some attraction. After evaporation this salt with rain water collects in lakes. Small lakes formed in rainy season are called RANN or TAAT. Ex: Kanod, Baramsar, Bhakri, Baap(jdpr), Thob(Barmer). Example of Algae group groundwater groundw ater : Lathi series in Jaisalmer. Local name for Thar Desert : THALI. Which is considered as eastern part of Great Paleoarctic African Desert? Slope of this region : East to west and North to South. Divided into 2 parts : A. Great Indian Desert/Sa Desert/Sandy ndy Arid Arid Plain Plain B. Rajast Rajasthan han Bangar Bangar/Se /Semi mi Arid Arid Plain Plain
GREAT INDIAN DESERT To west of 25 cm isohyetal line • Jaisalmer,Bikaner, S-W Jdpr and north Bikaner • Sand dunes maximum • Further classified into • Marusthali Dune Free Tract a. Many sand dunes a. Arnd pokran sme parts of b. Min. populatn Jaisalmer,Barmer, and Jodhpur. c. Lakes formed in rainy season called b. Lakes in rainy season c/d RANN//TAAT KHADIN//KHADI
RAJASTHAN BANGAR B/w western sandy plain and Aravalli Ranges • Further divided into 4 parts • Luni Basin/Godwad Region Nagaur Upland a) Southern parts of Pali, Barmer, Jalore N-W of Sirohi a) Max Nagaur + N-E Jdpr. b) Luni and its tributaries flow in this b) Inland rivers,Salt lakes,limestone rocky region plains. c) Highest peak of S-W Raj is Dora Parvat c) Parbatsar mntn (869 m) of Jaswantpura mountain (an d) Limestone and Marble. extension of Aravalli Ranges) in Jalore. e) White marbles of Makrana(Nagaur) famous. d) Other major ranges : Esrana mnt, Roja bhakar, Kanchengiri & Kanyagiri(Jalore) and Siwana-Nakoda or Chappan Ki Pahadiya (Barmer) Ghaggar Plains Shekhawati Region a) ShriGanganagar and Hanumangarh. a) Sikar, Jhunjunu, Churu and Eastern Nagaur. b) This plains formed from alluvial soils b) Maxm khejdi plants found of Himalayas foothills Shiwalik brought c) Lime rocks found in deep region, so wells by Ghaggar and Saraswati rivers. easily formed here and these wells r called as c) Ghaggar is the only river of this region. JOHAD. The belt of this river is called NALLI. d) Main river: Kantli river which is inland river. d) Maxm irrigated area as this area is Area drained by this river in Sikar is c/d irrigated thru Indira Gandhi Canal, Ganga TORAWATI BASIN. Canal and Bhakra-Nangal project. e) Here b/w sand dunes the rain water gets e)Sarso,cotton,wheat,rice,sugarcane,beetr collected c/d SAR/SAROVAR.Ex: Jasusar,Mansar,and oot,fruits are grown Salisar.
2.
ARAVALLI RANGE AND HILLY REGION.
Remains of Gondwana Land made from Quartzite and Granite rocks. Oldest mountain ranges in the world,originated b4 60 cr year in Cambrian Age. It is separated from Marusthal by 50 cm isohyetal line. Extension: From Khedbrahma (Palanpur) to Delhi total 692km. In Delhi it is called as RAISINA ki PAHADIYA (near Rashtrapati Bhavan) Length of Aravalli in Rajasthan : 550 km,from S-W to N-E As water divide b/w Ganga and Indus rivers. Hgt from ocean floor = 930 m Compared to Aplesian Mountain in North America. From the west of Sambhar Lake Peaks of Aravalli Range: S.No. Peak Height S.No. Peak Height 1 Gurushikhar (Sirohi) 1,722 m 6 Khow (Jaipur) 920 m 2 3 4 5
Ser (Sirohi) Jurga (Udaipur) Achalgarh (Sirohi) Raghunathgarh (Sikar)
1,597 m 1,431 m 1,380 m 1,055 m
7 8 9 10
Taragarh (Ajmer) Bhairach (Alwar) Babai (Jaipur) Bairath (Alwar)
873 m 792 m 780 m 704 m
Can be divided into 4 parts:
N-E Hilly Region or Alwar Hills - Alwar and Jaipur - Extension : from Neem Ka Thana and Shrimadhopur of Sikar and Khetri of Jhunjunu - Highest peak : Raghunathgarh - Alwar(Bhairach and Bairath) -Jaipur(Khow and Babai)
Mewar Rocky Region and Bhorat Plateau - Udaipur, Pali, Rajsamand, Bhilwara, Chittorgarh and Dungarpur - famous for Vegetation and various mineral wealth - Saucer shaped ranges which surrounds Udaipur c/d GIRWA(Girdle of Hills) -Plateau of Bhorat 600m high : b/w Kumbhalgarh(Rajsamand) to Gogunda(Udaipur) - Pidmont Plains:High hill table-lands of inactive ranges in Aravalli Ranges Devgarh (Rajsamand) - 2 Famous Passes : Desuri Nal : Joins Desuri ( Pali) to Charbhuja (Rajsamand) HathiGuda Ki Nal : Sirohi to Gogunda (Udaipur) on NH-76 Kelva Ki Nal (Udaipur), Jilwara Nal/Pagalaya (Pali), Someshwar Nal(Pali) - Major Peaks : Jarga, Raga, Saira, Gogunda(all in Udaipur) - Plateau of Beejasan, Mandhalgarh in Bhilwara - Bhakar : low heighted uneven hills in north Sirohi - Magra : low height hills in N-W of Udaipur - Plateau of Lasadiya : to north of Jaysamand Lake which is scattered and broken.
The Central Aravalli Range - Ajmer and Sambhar area(Jaipur) - Main Ranges : Sambhar Hills, Merwada Hills (separates marwar plains from plateau of mewar spread over max part of Ajmer, north of Rajsamand and Bar region of Pali), Kukra Hills - Major Pass in this range : Bar : Joins Beawer to Bar situated on NH-14 in Pali Khamli: Joins Marwar Junction (Pali) to aamet (Rajsamand) situated on Railway route of JodhpurUdaipur. -Sambhar-Singhana Ranges : from sambhar thru Harsh Hills ( Sikar) to Singhana (Jhunjhunu) which is extension of middle Aravalli The Abu block Region - Highest region to the south of Sirohi - lgth : 19km; width : 8 km; hgt : 1200 m - main peaks : Gurushikhar, Ser and Achalgarh - Highest city of State Mt.Abu situated on Abu block. - Extension: one branch thru Jaswantpura, Jalore, Mokalsar, Sivana till Nakoda(Barmer)
3. Eastern Plains
23% of total area covered by eastern plains, alluvial soil in Maxm. Ajmer, Alwar, Banswara, Bharatpur, Bhilwara, Bundi, Chittorgarh, Dausa, Dhaulpur, Jaipur, Karauli, Pratapgarh, Sawaimadhopur, Tonk. 50 cm isohyetal line separates it from Aravalli hills and 75 cm isohyetal line from S-E plateau. Formed from 4 rivers: Chambal, Banas, Banganga, Mahi and their tributaries.So divided into 4 parts as: Chambal Basin Banas Basin Mahi Basin Banganga Basin - Dhaulpur, Karauli, - Banas and its -Pratapgarh, - Banganga is a SM ,Tonk and Kota tributaries. Dungarpur, tributary of Yamuna - Navin Kaanp Mitti - Rajsamand, Banswara and S-W river. k jamav Chittorgarh, Udaipur - to south of - Beehad of Bhilwara, Ajmer - Avg ht : 200-400m Bharatpur, Dausa Chambal : and Tonk - b/w Pratapgarh and Jaipur - Northern limit : - N-limit : Aravalli and Banswara the - This region is very Banganga Basin and Hills and S-limit : grp of 56 villages fertile so sarso, southern limit : Chambal Basin. c/d Chappan Ka wheat, barley and Vindhayan Scarp - Slope towards N-E Maidan. vegetables can be lands -Avg ht : 300-500m - S-E : Hadoti grown. - Pidmont Plains : Plateau Dune like structures b/w these. Granite and Gneiss rocks found
4. South Eastern Plateau or Hadoti Plateau.
It is an extension of N-W part of Malwa Plateau which comprises of black soil, good quality cotton is grown here.(9.6% of Rajasthan) 11% population,Max rainfall(80-120cm) Maximum rivers found in this region(Chambal, Parvati, Kali sindh, Parvan, Aahu and their tributaries) Extension : Kota, Bundi, Baran, Jahalawar, Southern parts of SM, Karauli, Dhaulpur and Bhainsrodgarh region of Chittorgarh. Uparmal plateau from Bhainsrodgarh(Chittor) to Bijolia(Bhilwara). Plateau of Hadoti joins Vindhayan and Aravalli ranges Divided into 2 parts : Vidhayan Scarp Lands Deccan Lava Plateau - Dhaulpur, Karauli and SM - Fertile region formed from remains of medium black soil spreaded by districts Lava in Kota, Bundi, Jhalawar, Baran, Bhainsrodgarh. - This scarp land made from - Max rainfall in Jhalawar (100 cm)
sandstone in the steep slope to the left bank of chambal.
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- main crops : cotton, soyabean, Afim, Dhaniya and orange. - Mukundwada(Mukundra) hills(in Kota-Jhalawar) and Bundi Hills found here. Lowest height from ocean floor at 50m Nehad Region of Sanchor (Jalor) and Bakhasar Barmer which is an extension of Runn of Kutch in Rajasthan Malkhet (Malketu) hills : Sikar and Jhunjhunu Sundha Hills : Near Jaswantpura in Jalore-State’s 1st Bear Sanctuary(Jaswantpura and Sundha Mata region Jalore-Sirohi) = 20 th July, 2010 On Mesa Plateau(Hills) : Chittorgarh Fort situated (ht : 620m) Trikut Hills : Sonargarh Fort of Jaisalmer Chidiyatuk Hills : Mehrangarh of Jodhpur Aravalli in local language is known as Aadavali Songiri(Swarngiri/Kanchengiri) hills - in Jalore on which Songarh Fort situated Adaval Ranges – Bundi
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Districtwise Ranges/Hills/Plateaus/HighLands
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Ajmer Alwar Barmer Bundi Chittorgarh Churu Jaipur
Jaisalmer Jalore
Jhunjhunu Jodhpur Kota-Jhalawar Nagaur Pali Rajsamand Sikar Sirohi Udaipur
Merwara Hills, Kukra Hills, Nag Hills, Todgarh Hills Bhairach Hills, Rajgarh Hills Chappan Hills, Nakoda Ranges, Siwana Hills Adaval Ranges Mehsa Plateau Syanan Hills Sambhar Hills, Bairath Hills, Banskho Babai, Moti Dungri, Gadhganesh, Chulgiri, Jhalana Dungri, Sheel Ki Dungri Trikut Hills, Pokran High Land Kanyagiri, Kanchengiri, Esrana Ranges, Dora Ranges, Jaswantpura Hills, Bhadrajun Hills, Sunda Hills, Malani(Jalore-Balotra) Singhana Hills, Khetri Hills Kailana Hills, Mandore Hills, Devgarh Hills Mukundra Hills Parbatsar Hills Ranakpur Hills Khamnor Hills, Binjral Hills, Devgarh Hills Harsh Hills, Malketu Ranges, Khandela Hills, Neem Ka Thana, Bhakar Hills Abu Ranges, Bhakar Jaswantgarh, Saira, Gogunda, Girwa Hills, Bhorat Plateau(Gogunda(Udaipur)-
Kumbalgarh(Rajsamand)), Lasadiya Plateau, Bhomat Plateau
