MARA University of Technology Technology Sabah Branch Faculty of Applied Science Diploma in Science P! ""#
Basic Measurement $ %ength& 'olume and Density (
Objective : The purpose of this e)periment is to determine the volume and density of ball bearing and glass bloc* using the apparatus given+ Apparatus : 'ernier caliper& micrometer scre, gauge and mechanical balance+
Procedures : a( Micrometer Scre, -auge i+ ii+ iii+ iv+ v+ vi+ vii+
Firstly& the .ero error of the micrometer scre, gauge ,as determined+ After that& the diameter of the ball bearing ,as measured and recorded+ Step / ,as repeated 0 times at different position of the ball bearing+ All the data ,ere recorded in a suitable table+ Then& the actual diameter reading ,as calculated by ta*ing into consideration the .ero error obtained earlier+ Then& the ,eight of the ball bearing ,as determined+ %astly& the density of the ball bearing ,as calculated+
b( 'ernier 1aliper i+ ii+ iii+ iv+ v+ vi+ vii+
The .ero error of the vernier caliper ,as firstly determined+ 2e)t& vernier caliper ,as used to measure the length& ,idth and thic*ness of the glass bloc*+ Step / ,as repeated 0 times at different position of the glass bloc*+ All the datas ,ere recorded in a suitable table+ After that& the actual diameter reading ,as calculated by ta*ing into consideration the .ero error obtained earlier+ The ,eight of the glass bloc* ,as determined+ %astly& the density of the glass bloc* ,as calculated+
Results / Data :
"+ The diameter of the ball bearing ,as measured using a micrometer scre, gauge and the volume ,as determined+ The formula belo, is used to calculate the value of v & v=
4 3
πr
3
3ero error 4 -0.02 mm
Observed Reading First attempt Second attempt Third attempt Average
#rue Reading First attempt Second attempt Third attempt Average
Diameter of all earing !mm" 5+6# 8+07 8+06 5+6#:8+07:8+06 4 8+"5 0
Radius of all earing !mm" /+75 0+"9 0+"9 /+75:0+"9:0+"9 4 0+#7 0
Diameter of all earing !mm" 5+6/ 8+;# 8+09 5+6/:8+;#:8+09 4 8+"6 0
Radius of all earing !mm" /+78 0+/# 0+/# /+78:0+/#:0+/# 4 0+#9 0
Mass of ball bearing 4 0.$00g /+ The length& ,idth& and height of glass bloc* ,ere measured using a vernier caliper and the volume ,as determined+ The formula belo, is used to calculated the value of v & v =l × w × h
3ero error 4 0.00 cm Observed Reading First attempt Second attempt Third attempt Average
%engt& !cm" "0+78 "0+78 "0+78 "0+78
'idt& !cm" /+#" "+7# /+#" "+9;
(eigt& !cm" 6+6" 6+6" 6+5" 6+8;
#rue Reading First attempt Second attempt Third attempt Average
%engt& !cm" "0+78 "0+78 "0+78 "0+78
'idt& !cm" /+#" "+7# /+#" "+9;
(eigt& !cm" 6+6" 6+6" 6+5" 6+8;
Mass of glass bloc* 4 ).$0g
*alculations / Data Anal+sis : < All ans,ers are in S= unit > ?uestions @ "+ 1alculate the volume $
v
( of the ball bearing and the glass bloc*+
/+ 1alculate the density $ ρ ( of the ball bearing and the glass bloc*+
Discussions: =n this e)periment& micrometer scre, gauge and vernier caliper have been used to measure the diameter of a ball bearing and to measure the length& ,idth and height of a glass bloc* respectively+ Micrometer scre,gauge is an apparatus used for measuring accurately the diameter of a thin ,ire or the thic*ness of a sheet of metal+ The scre, has a *no,n pitch such as #+5 mm+ Pitch of the scre, is the distance moved by the spindle per revolution+ ence in this case& for one revolution of the scre, the spindle moves for,ard or bac*,ard #+5 mm+ This movement of the spindle is sho,n on an engraved linear millimetre scale on the sleeve+ n the thimble there is a circular scale ,hich is divided into 5# or "## eCual parts+ Therefore& the micrometer scre, gauge has a sensitivity of #+#"mm+
%east count
4 #+#" mm
'ernier caliper is used to measure diameter or thic*ness accurately+ =t has a sensitivity of #+#"cm+ The least count of the vernier
4 #+#" cm
To determine the diameter of a ball bearing& a micrometer scre, gauge ,as used& for it is more sensitive in measuring small obects compared to vernier caliper+ By applying the formula& v=
4 3
πr
3
,e have found that the volume of average ball bearing after the true readings have been obtained $ true reading 4 observed reading .ero error ( is v,2mm + The .ero error occurred in this e)periment is -0.02mm+ A .ero error results ,hen the .ero mar* of the scale does not match ,ith pointer+ The .ero error e)ists maybe due to instrument error and also paralla) error+ To determine the length& ,idth and height of a glass bloc*& a vernier caliper ,as used+ By applying the formula& v =l × w × h
the volume of average glass bloc* after the true reading have been obtained is v,20 cm+ 2o .ero error occurred on the vernier caliper+
The density $ρ( of the ball bearing and glass bloc* ,ere calculated using the formula&
Density , ρ
=
mass volume
By using a mechanical balance& the mass of ball bearing and glass bloc* ,ere determined+ The mass of ball bearing is 0.$00g& ,hilst the mass of glass bloc* is ).$0g+ To get the density of both materials& the mass is divided over the volume of average true reading+ The density for ball bearing is&
ρballbearing
=
7
.26 x 10 3 kg/m3
The density for the glass bloc* is&
ρglassblock
=
38.5
kg/m3
*onclusion : =n the end of the e)periment& it is found that& micrometer scre, gauge and vernier caliper can be used to measure accurate measurement for diameter $by using micrometer scre, gauge( and length& ,idth& and height of obects $by using vernier caliper( ,ith respect& there are no .ero error $.ero error is deducted(+ The volume and density of ball bearing are v,2 mm and
ρ ballbearing
=
7
.21 0 3g/m
respectively and the volume and density of glass bloc* are v,20 cm
ρ glassblock
=
38.5
3g/m respectively+
Reference !s" : $i( $ii( $iii(
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