Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
Zgdl - 7
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Kbtrahuetkab an tml Zrailet Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`9 Xml "Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`" mgs fllb hlvloaplh ta avlrrkhl tml prafol`s prlvgkokbd kb tml prgetkekbd `gbugo systl`. Xmks santwgrl ks suppartlh ta lok`kbgtl gbh kb sa`l egsls rlhuel tml mgrhsmkps ngelh fy tmks lxkstkbd systl`. @arlavlr tmks systl` ks hlskdblh nar tml pgrtkeuogr bllh an tml ea`pgby ta egrry aut aplrgtkabs kb g s`aatm gbh lnnletkvl `gbblr. Xml gppokegtkab ks rlhuelh gs `uem gs passkfol ta gvakh lrrars wmkol lbtlrkbd tml hgtg. Kt gosa pravkhls lrrar `lssgdl wmkol lbtlrkbd kbvgokh hgtg. Ba nar`go cbawolhdl ks bllhlh nar tml uslr ta usl tmks systl`. Xmus fy tmks goo kt pravls kt ks uslr-nrklbhoy. Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`, gs hlserkflh gfavl, egb olgh ta lrrar nrll, sleurl, rlokgfol gbh ngst `gbgdl`lbt systl`. Kt egb gsskst tml uslr ta eabelbtrgtl ab tmlkr atmlr getkvktkls rgtmlr ta eabelbtrgtl ab tml rlearh cllpkbd. Xmus kt wkoo mlop ardgbkzgtkab kb flttlr utkokzgtkab an rlsaurels. Lvlry ardgbkzgtkab, wmltmlr fkd ar s`goo, mgs emgoolbdls ta avlrea`l gbh `gbgdkbd tml kbnar`gtkab an Haetar, Eokbke, Gppakbt`lbt, @lhkekbls, Xlsts. Lvlry Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` mgs hknnlrlbt Eokbke bllh, tmlrlnarl wl hlskdb lxeouskvl l`poayll `gbgdl`lbt systl`s tmgt grl ghgptlh ta yaur `gbgdlrkgo rlqukrl`lbts. Xmks ks hlskdblh ta gsskst kb strgtldke pogbbkbd, gbh wkoo mlop yau lbsurl tmgt yaur ardgbkzgtkab ks lqukpplh wktm tml rkdmt olvlo an kbnar`gtkab gbh hltgkos nar yaur nuturl dagos. Gosa, nar tmasl fusy lxleutkvl wma grl gowgys ab tml da, aur systl`s ea`l wktm rl`atl geelss nlgturls, wmkem wkoo gooaw yau ta `gbgdl yaur warcnarel warcnarel gbytk`l, gt goo tk`ls. Xmlsl systl`s wkoo uotk`gtloy gooaw yau ta flttlr `gbgdl rlsaurels.
Zgdl - 6
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Gfstrget an tml Zrailet Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`9 Xml purpasl an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` ks ta guta`gtl tml lxkstkbd `gbugo systl` fy tml mlop an ea`putlrkzlh lqukp`lbts gbh nuoo-nolhdlh ea`putlr santwgrl, nuonkookbd tmlkr rlqukrl`lbts, sa tmgt tmlkr vgougfol hgtg/kbnar`gtkab egb fl starlh nar g oabdlr plrkah wktm lgsy geelsskbd gbh `gbkpuogtkab an tml sg`l. Xml rlqukrlh santwgrl gbh mgrhwgrl grl lgskoy gvgkogfol gbh lgsy ta warc wktm.
Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`, gs hlserkflh gfavl, egb olgh ta lrrar nrll, sleurl, rlokgfol gbh ngst `gbgdl`lbt systl`. Kt egb gsskst tml uslr ta eabelbtrgtl ab tmlkr atmlr getkvktkls rgtmlr ta eabelbtrgtl ab tml rlearh cllpkbd. Xmus kt wkoo mlop ardgbkzgtkab kb flttlr utkokzgtkab an rlsaurels. Xml ardgbkzgtkab egb `gkbtgkb ea`putlrkzlh rlearhs wktmaut rlhubhgbt lbtrkls. Xmgt `lgbs tmgt abl bllh bat fl hkstrgetlh fy kbnar`gtkab tmgt ks bat rlolvgbt, wmkol flkbd gfol ta rlgem tml kbnar`gtkab. Xml gk` ks ta guta`gtl kts lxkstkbd `gbugo systl` fy tml mlop an ea`putlrkzlh lqukp`lbts gbh nuoo-nolhdlh ea`putlr santwgrl, nuonkookbd tmlkr rlqukrl`lbts, sa tmgt tmlkr vgougfol hgtg/kbnar`gtkab egb fl starlh nar g oabdlr plrkah wktm lgsy geelsskbd gbh `gbkpuogtkab an tml sg`l. Fgskegooy tml prailet hlserkfls maw ta `gbgdl nar daah plrnar`gbel gbh flttlr slrvkels nar tml eoklbts.
Zgdl - 5
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Afiletkvl an Zrailet ab Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`9 Xml `gkb afiletkvl an tml Zrailet ab Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Uystl` ks ta `gbgdl tml hltgkos an Eokbke, Haetar, Zgtklbt, Gppakbt`lbt, Xlsts. Kt `gbgdls goo tml kbnar`gtkab gfaut Eokbke, @lhkekbls, Xlsts, Eokbke. Xml prailet ks tatgooy fukot gt gh`kbkstrgtkvl lbh gbh tmus aboy tml gh`kbkstrgtar ks dugrgbtllh tml geelss. Xml purpasl an tml prailet ks ta fukoh gb gppokegtkab pradrg` ta rlhuel tml `gbugo warc nar `gbgdkbd tml Eokbke, Haetar, @lhkekbls, Zgtklbt. Kt trgecs goo tml hltgkos gfaut tml Zgtklbt, Gppakbt`lbt, Xlsts. Nubetkabgoktkls pravkhlh fy Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` grl gs naooaws9
Zravkhls tml slgremkbd ngekoktkls fgslh ab vgrkaus ngetars. Uuem gs Eokbke, Zgtklbt, Gppakbt`lbt, Gppakbt`lbt, Xlsts Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` gosa `gbgdl tml @lhkekbls hltgkos abokbl nar Gppakbt`lbt Gppakbt`lbt hltgkos, hltgkos, Xlsts hltgkos, hltgkos, Eokbke. Eokbke. Kt trgecs goo tml kbnar`gtkab an Haetar, @lhkekbls, Gppakbt`lbt let @gbgdl tml kbnar`gtkab an Haetar Umaws tml kbnar`gtkab gbh hlserkptkab an tml Eokbke, Zgtklbt Xa kberlgsl lnnkeklbey an `gbgdkbd tml Eokbke, Haetar Kt hlgos wktm `abktarkbd tml kbnar`gtkab gbh trgbsgetkabs an Gppakbt`lbt. @gbgdl tml kbnar`gtkab an Eokbke Lhktkbd, ghhkbd gbh uphgtkbd an Vlearhs ks k`pravlh wmkem rlsuots kb praplr rlsaurel `gbgdl`lbt an Eokbke hgtg. @gbgdl tml kbnar`gtkab an Gppakbt`lbt Kbtldrgtkab an goo rlearhs an Xlsts.
Zgdl - 8
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Ueapl an tml prailet Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Kt `gy mlop eaooletkbd plrnlet `gbgdl`lbt kb hltgkos. Kb g vlry smart tk`l, tml eaooletkab wkoo fl afvkaus, sk`pol gbh slbskfol. Kt wkoo mlop g plrsab ta cbaw tml `gbgdl`lbt an pgsslh ylgr plrnletoy gbh vkvkhoy. Kt gosa mlops kb eurrlbt goo warcs rlogtkvl ta Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`. Kt wkoo fl gosa rlhuelh tml east an eaooletkbd tml `gbgdl`lbt & eaooletkab praelhurl wkoo da ab s`aatmoy. Aur prailet gk`s gt Fuskblss praelss guta`gtkab, k.l. wl mgvl trklh ta ea`putlrkzl vgrkaus praelssls an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`. Kb ea`putlr systl` tml plrsab mgs ta nkoo tml vgrkaus nar`s & bu`flr an eapkls an tml nar`s egb fl lgskoy dlblrgtlh gt g tk`l. Kb ea`putlr systl`, kt ks bat blelssgry ta erlgtl tml `gbknlst fut wl egb hkrletoy prkbt kt, wmkem sgvls aur tk`l. Xa gsskst tml stgnn kb egpturkbd tml lnnart splbt ab tmlkr rlspletkvl warckbd grlgs. Xa utkokzl rlsaurels kb gb lnnkeklbt `gbblr fy kberlgskbd tmlkr prahuetkvkty tmraudm guta`gtkab. Xml systl` dlblrgtls typls an kbnar`gtkab tmgt egb fl uslh nar vgrkaus purpasls. Kt sgtksny tml uslr rlqukrl`lbt Fl lgsy ta ubhlrstgbh fy tml uslr gbh aplrgtar Fl lgsy ta aplrgtl Mgvl g daah uslr kbtlrngel Fl lxpgbhgfol Hlokvlrlh ab semlhuol wktmkb tml fuhdlt.
Zgdl - <
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Vlparts an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`9 Kt dlblrgtls tml rlpart ab Eokbke, Haetar, @lhkekbls Zravkhl nkotlr rlparts ab Zgtklbt, Gppakbt`lbt, Xlsts [au egb lgskoy lxpart ZHN nar tml Eokbke,@lhkekbls, Gppakbt`lbt Gppokegtkab Gppokegtkab gosa pravkhls pravkhls lxelo lxelo lxpart lxpart nar Haetar, Haetar, Zgtklbt, Zgtklbt, Xlsts [au egb gosa lxpart tml rlpart kbta esv nar`gt nar Eokbke, Haetar, Xlsts
@ahuols an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`9
Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt @ahuol9 \slh nar `gbgdkbd tml Eokbke hltgkos.
Xlsts @ahuol 9 \slh nar `gbgdkbd tml hltgkos an Xlsts
@lhkekbls @ahuol 9 \slh nar `gbgdkbd tml hltgkos an @lhkekbls
Haetar @gbgdl`lbt @ahuol9 \slh nar `gbgdkbd tml kbnar`gtkab gbh hltgkos an tml Haetar.
Zgtklbt @ahuol 9 \slh nar `gbgdkbd tml Zgtklbt hltgkos
Gppakbt`lbt @ahuol 9 \slh nar `gbgdkbd tml Gppakbt`lbt kbnar`gtkabs
Oadkb @ahuol9 \slh nar `gbgdkbd tml oadkb hltgkos
\slrs @ahuol 9 \slh nar `gbgdkbd tml uslrs an tml systl` systl`
Zgdl - >
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Kbput Hgtg gbh ^gokhgtkab an an Zrailet ab Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Goo tml nklohs suem gs Eokbke, Zgtklbt, Xlsts grl vgokhgtlh vgokhgtlh gbh hals bat tgcl kbvgokh vgouls Lgem nar` nar Eokbke, Haetar, @lhkekbls egb bat geelpt fogbc vgoul nklohs Gvakhkbd lrrars kb hgtg Eabtraookbd g`aubt an kbput Kbtldrgtkab an goo tml `ahuols/nar`s kb tml systl`. Zrlpgrgtkab an tml tlst egsls. Zrlpgrgtkab an tml passkfol tlst hgtg wktm goo tml vgokhgtkab emlecs. Getugo tlstkbd tlstkbd habl habl `gbugooy. `gbugooy. Vlearhkbd an goo tml rlprahuelh lrrars. @ahknkegtkabs habl nar tml lrrars naubh hurkbd tlstkbd. Zrlpgrlh tml tlst rlsuot serkpts gntlr rletknkegtkab an tml lrrars. Nubetkabgokty an tml lbtkrl `ahuol/nar`s. ^gokhgtkabs nar uslr kbput. Emleckbd an tml Eahkbd stgbhgrhs ta fl `gkbtgkblh hurkbd eahkbd. Xlstkbd tml `ahuol wktm goo tml passkfol tlst hgtg. Xlstkbd an tml nubetkabgokty kbvaovkbd goo typl an egoeuogtkabs lte. Ea``lbtkbd stgbhgrh kb tml saurel nkols. Xml santwgrl qugokty pogb wl wkoo usl tml naooawkbd UWG Utrgtldy9
Kb tml nkrst stlp, wl wkoo slolet tml tlst ngetars gbh rgbc tml`. Xml sloletlh tlst ngetars suem gs rlokgfkokty, `gkbtgkbgfkokty, partgfkokty ar lte, wkoo fl pogelh kb tml `gtrkx geearhkbd ta tmlkr rgbcs.
Xml sleabh stlp ks nar khlbtknykbd tml pmgsls an tml hlvloap`lbt praelss. Xml pmgsl smauoh fl rlearhlh kb tml `gtrkx.
Xml tmkrh stlp ks tmgt khlbtknykbd tml fuskblss rkscs an tml santwgrl hlokvlrgfols. Xml rkscs wkoo fl rgbclh kbta tmrll rgbcs suem gs mkdm, `lhku` gbh oaw.
Zgdl - 4
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Nlgturls an tml prailet Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`9
Zrahuet gbh Ea`pablbt fgslh
Erlgtkbd & Emgbdkbd Kssuls gt lgsl
Wulry Kssul Okst ta gby hlptm
Vlpartkbd & Emgrtkbd kb `arl ea`prlmlbskvl wgy
\slr Geeaubts ta eabtrao tml geelss gbh `gkbtgkb sleurkty
Uk`pol Utgtus & Vlsaoutkabs
@uotk-olvlo Zrkarktkls & Ulvlrktkls.
Xgrdlts & @kolstabls nar dukhkbd tml pradrg``lrs
Gttgem`lbts & Ghhktkabgo Ea``lbts nar `arl kbnar`gtkab
Vafust hgtgfgsl fgec-lbh
^grkaus olvlo an rlparts gvgkogfol wktm g oat an nkotlr erktlrkg‛s
Kt eabtgkb flttlr stargdl egpgekty.
Geeurgey kb warc.
Lgsy & ngst rltrklvgo an kbnar`gtkab.
Tloo hlskdblh rlparts.
Hlerlgsl tml oagh an tml plrsab kbvaovl kb lxkstkbd `gbugo systl`.
Geelss an gby kbnar`gtkab kbhkvkhugooy.
Tarc flea`ls vlry spllhy.
Lgsy ta uphgtl kbnar`gtkab
Zgdl - =
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Uantwgrl Vlqukrl`lbt Upleknkegtkab Xml Uantwgrl Vlqukrl`lbts Upleknkegtkab ks prahuelh gt tml euo`kbgtkab an tml gbgoysks tgsc. Xml nubetkab gbh plrnar`gbel gooaegtlh ta santwgrl gs pgrt an systl` lbdkbllrkbd grl rlnkblh fy lstgfoksmkbd g ea`poltl kbnar`gtkab hlserkptkab, g hltgkolh nubetkabgo gbh flmgvkargo hlserkptkab, gb kbhkegtkab an plrnar`gbel rlqukrl`lbts gbh hlskdb eabstrgkbts, gppraprkgtl vgokhgtkab erktlrkg, gbh atmlr hgtg plrtkblbt ta rlqukrl`lbts.
Xml prapaslh systl` mgs tml naooawkbd rlqukrl`lbts9
Uystl` bllhs starl kbnar`gtkab gfaut blw lbtry an Eokbke. Uystl` bllhs ta mlop tml kbtlrbgo stgnn ta cllp kbnar`gtkab an Haetar gbh nkbh tml` gs plr vgrkaus qulrkls. Uystl` bllh ta `gkbtgkb qugbtkty rlearh. Uystl` bllh ta cllp tml rlearh an Zgtklbt. Uystl` bllh ta uphgtl gbh hloltl tml rlearh. Uystl` gosa bllhs g slgrem grlg. Kt gosa bllhs g sleurkty systl` ta prlvlbt hgtg.
Zgdl - ;
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Khlbtknkegtkab an bllh9 Xml aoh `gbugo systl` wgs sunnlrkbd nra` g slrkls an hrgwfgecs. Ukbel wmaol an tml systl` wgs ta fl `gkbtgkblh wktm mgbhs tml praelss an cllpkbd, `gkbtgkbkbd gbh rltrklvkbd tml kbnar`gtkab wgs vlry tlhkaus gbh olbdtmy. Xml rlearhs wlrl blvlr uslh ta fl kb g systl`gtke arhlr. tmlrl uslh ta fl oats an hknnkeuotkls kb gssaekgtkbd gby pgrtkeuogr trgbsgetkab wktm g pgrtkeuogr eabtlxt. Kn gby kbnar`gtkab wgs ta fl naubh kt wgs rlqukrlh ta da tmraudm tml hknnlrlbt rldkstlrs, haeu`lbts tmlrl wauoh blvlr lxkst gbytmkbd okcl rlpart dlblrgtkab. Xmlrl wauoh gowgys fl ubblelssgry eabsu`ptkab an tk`l wmkol lbtlrkbd rlearhs gbh rltrklvkbd rlearhs. Abl `arl prafol` wgs tmgt kt wgs vlry hknnkeuot ta nkbh lrrars wmkol lbtlrkbd tml rlearhs. Abel tml rlearhs wlrl lbtlrlh kt wgs vlry hknnkeuot ta uphgtl tmlsl rlearhs. Xml rlgsab flmkbh kt ks tmgt tmlrl ks oat an kbnar`gtkab ta fl `gkbtgkblh gbh mgvl ta fl clpt kb `kbh wmkol rubbkbd tml fuskblss .Nar tmks rlgsab wl mgvl pravkhlh nlgturls Zrlslbt systl` ks pgrtkgooy guta`gtlh (ea`putlrkzlh), getugooy lxkstkbd systl` ks quktl ogfarkaus gs abl mgs ta lbtlr sg`l kbnar`gtkab gt tmrll hknnlrlbt pogels. Naooawkbd pakbts smauoh fl wloo eabskhlrlh9
Haeu`lbts gbh rlparts tmgt `ust fl pravkhlh fy tml blw systl`9 tmlrl egb gosa fl nlw rlparts, wmkem egb mlop `gbgdl`lbt kb hlekskab-`gckbd gbh east eabtraookbd, fut skbel tmlsl rlparts ha bat dlt rlqukrlh gttlbtkab, suem ckbh an rlparts gbh kbnar`gtkab wlrl gosa khlbtknklh gbh dkvlb rlqukrlh gttlbtkab.
Hltgkos an tml kbnar`gtkab bllhlh nar lgem haeu`lbt gbh rlpart.
Xml rlqukrlh nrlqulbey gbh hkstrkfutkab nar lgem haeu`lbt.
Zrafgfol saurels an kbnar`gtkab nar lgem haeu`lbt gbh rlpart.
Tktm tml k`pol`lbtgtkab an ea`putlrkzlh systl`, tml tgsc an cllpkbd rlearhs kb gb ardgbkzlh `gbblr wkoo fl saovlh. Xml drlgtlst an goo ks tml rltrklvgo an kbnar`gtkab, wmkem wkoo fl gt tml eokec an tml `ausl. Ua tml prapaslh systl` mlops kb sgvkbd tml tk`l kb hknnlrlbt aplrgtkabs gbh `gckbd kbnar`gtkab noaw lgsy dkvkbd vgougfol rlparts.
Zgdl - 7:
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Nlgskfkokty Utuhy9 Gntlr hakbd tml prailet Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`, stuhy gbh gbgoyzkbd gbgoyzkbd goo tml lxkstkbd ar rlqukrlh nubetkabgoktkls an tml systl`, tml blxt tgsc ks ta ha tml nlgskfkokty stuhy nar tml prailet. Goo prailets grl nlgskfol - dkvlb ubok`ktlh rlsaurels gbh kbnkbktl tk`l. Nlgskfkokty stuhy kbeouhls eabskhlrgtkab an goo tml passkfol wgys ta pravkhl g saoutkab ta tml dkvlb prafol`. Xml prapaslh saoutkab smauoh sgtksny goo tml uslr rlqukrl`lbts gbh smauoh fl nolxkfol lbaudm sa tmgt nuturl emgbdls egb fl lgskoy habl fgslh ab tml nuturl upea`kbd rlqukrl`lbts. G. Leaba`kego Nlgskfkokty
Xmks ks g vlry k`partgbt gsplet ta fl eabskhlrlh wmkol hlvloapkbd g prailet. Tl hlekhlh tml tlembaoady fgslh ab `kbk`u` passkfol east ngetar.
Goo mgrhwgrl gbh santwgrl east mgs ta fl farbl fy tml ardgbkzgtkab.
Avlrgoo wl mgvl lstk`gtlh tmgt tml flblnkts tml ardgbkzgtkab ks dakbd ta rlelkvl nra` tml prapaslh systl` wkoo surloy avlrea`l tml kbktkgo easts gbh tml ogtlr ab rubbkbd east nar systl`.
F. Xlembkego Nlgskfkokty
Xmks kbeouhlh tml stuhy an nubetkab, plrnar`gbel gbh eabstrgkbts tmgt `gy gnnlet tml gfkokty ta gemklvl gb geelptgfol systl`. Nar tmks nlgskfkokty stuhy, wl stuhklh ea`poltl nubetkabgokty ta fl pravkhlh kb tml systl`, gs hlserkflh kb tml Uystl` Vlqukrl`lbt Upleknkegtkab (UVU), gbh emleclh kn lvlrytmkbd wgs passkfol uskbd hknnlrlbt typl an nrabtlbh gbh fgeclbh pognar`st.
E. Aplrgtkabgo Nlgskfkokty
Ba hauft tml prapaslh systl` ks nuooy D\K fgslh tmgt ks vlry uslr nrklbhoy gbh goo kbputs ta fl tgclb goo slon-lxpogbgtary lvlb ta g ogy`gb. Flskhls, g praplr trgkbkbd mgs fllb eabhuetlh ta olt cbaw tml lsslbel an tml systl` ta tml uslrs sa tmgt tmly nllo ea`nartgfol wktm blw systl`. Gs ngr aur stuhy ks eabelrblh tml eoklbts grl ea`nartgfol gbh mgppy gs tml systl` mgs eut hawb tmlkr oaghs gbh hakbd.
Zgdl - 77
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Uystl` Hlskdb an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Kb tmks pmgsl, g oadkego systl` ks fukot wmkem nuonkos tml dkvlb rlqukrl`lbts. Hlskdb pmgsl an santwgrl hlvloap`lbt hlgos wktm trgbsnar`kbd tml eoklbts ‛s rlqukrl`lbts kbta g oadkegooy warckbd systl`. Bar`gooy, hlskdb ks plrnar`lh kb tml naooawkbd kb tml naooawkbd twa stlps9 7. Zrk`gry Hlskdb Zmgsl9
Kb tmks pmgsl, tml systl` ks hlskdblh gt foaec olvlo. Xml foaecs grl erlgtlh ab tml fgsks an gbgoysks habl kb tml prafol` khlbtknkegtkab pmgsl. Hknnlrlbt foaecs grl erlgtlh nar hknnlrlbt nubetkabs l`pmgsks ks put ab `kbk`kskbd tml kbnar`gtkab noaw fltwllb foaecs. Xmus, goo getkvktkls wmkem rlqukrl `arl kbtlrgetkab grl clpt kb abl foaec. 6. Uleabhgry Hlskdb Zmgsl9
Kb tml sleabhgry pmgsl tml hltgkolh hlskdb an lvlry foaec ks plrnar`lh.
Xml dlblrgo tgscs kbvaovlh kb tml hlskdb praelss grl tml naooawkbd9 7. Hlskdb vgrkaus foaecs nar avlrgoo systl` praelssls. 6. Hlskdb s`goolr, ea`pget gbh warcgfol `ahuols kb lgem foaec. 5. Hlskdb vgrkaus hgtgfgsl strueturls. 8. Uplekny hltgkos an pradrg`s ta gemklvl hlskrlh nubetkabgokty. <. Hlskdb tml nar` an kbputs, gbh autputs an tml systl`. >. Zlrnar` haeu`lbtgtkab an tml hlskdb. 4. Uystl` rlvklws.
Zgdl - 76
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` \slr Kbtlrngel Hlskdb \slr Kbtlrngel Hlskdb ks eabelrblh wktm tml hkgoadul fltwllb g uslr gbh tml ea`putlr. Kt ks eabelrblh wktm lvlrytmkbd nra` stgrtkbd tml systl` ar oaddkbd kbta tml systl` ta tml lvlbtugooy prlslbtgtkab an hlskrlh kbputs gbh autputs. Xml avlrgoo noaw an serllbs gbh `lssgdls ks egoolh g hkgoadul. Xml naooawkbd stlps grl vgrkaus dukhlokbls nar \slr Kbtlrngel Hlskdb9 7. Xml systl` uslr smauoh gowgys fl gwgrl an wmgt ta ha blxt. 6. Xml serllb smauoh fl nar`gttlh sa tmgt vgrkaus typls an kbnar`gtkab, kbstruetkabs
gbh `lssgdls gowgys gpplgr kb tml sg`l dlblrgo hkspogy grlg. 5. @lssgdl, kbstruetkabs ar kbnar`gtkab smauoh fl hkspogylh oabd lbaudm ta gooaw
tml systl` uslr ta rlgh tml`. 8. \sl hkspogy gttrkfutls spgrkbdoy. <. Hlnguot vgouls nar nklohs gbh gbswlrs ta fl lbtlrlh fy tml uslr smauoh fl
spleknklh. smauoh bat bat fl gooawlh gooawlh ta praellh praellh wktmaut wktmaut earrletkbd earrletkbd gb lrrar. lrrar. >. G uslr smauoh 4. Xml systl` uslr smauoh blvlr dlt gb aplrgtkbd systl` `lssgdl ar ngtgo lrrar.
Zgdl - 75
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Zrlok`kbgry Zrahuet Hlserkptkab9 Xml nkrst stlp kb tml systl` hlvloap`lbt oknl eyeol ks tml prlok`kbgry kbvlstkdgtkab ta hltlr`kbl tml nlgskfkokty an tml systl`. Xml purpasl an tml prlok`kbgry kbvlstkdgtkab ks ta lvgougtl prailet rlqulsts. Kt ks bat g hlskdb stuhy bar hals kt kbeouhl tml eaooletkab an hltgkos ta hlserkfl tml fuskblss systl` kb goo rlsplet. Vgtmlr, kt ks tml eaooletkbd an kbnar`gtkab tmgt mlops ea``kttll `l`flrs ta lvgougtl tml `lrkts an tml prailet rlqulst gbh `gcl gb kbnar`lh iuhd`lbt gfaut tml nlgskfkokty an tml prapaslh prailet. Gbgoysts warckbd ab tml prlok`kbgry kbvlstkdgtkab smauoh geea`poksm tml naooawkbd afiletkvls9
Eogrkny gbh ubhlrstgbh tml prailet rlqulst Hltlr`kbl tml skzl an tml prailet. Gsslss easts easts gbh flblnkts an gotlrbgtkvl gotlrbgtkvl gppragemls gppragemls.. Hltlr`kbl tml tlembkego gbh aplrgtkabgo nlgskfkokty an gotlrbgtkvl gppragemls. Vlpart tml nkbhkbds ta `gbgdl`lbt, wktm rlea``lbhgtkabs autokbkbd tml geelptgbel ar rliletkab an tml prapasgo.
Flblnkt ta Ardgbkzgtkab
Xml ardgbkzgtkab wkoo afvkausoy fl gfol ta dgkb flblnkts suem gs sgvkbds kb aplrgtkbd east, rlhuetkab kb pgplrwarc, flttlr utkokzgtkab an mu`gb rlsaurels gbh `arl prlslbtgfol k`gdl kberlgskbd daahwkoo.
Xml Kbktkgo East
Xml kbktkgo east an slttkbd up tml systl` wkoo kbeouhl tml east an mgrhwgrl santwgrl (AU, ghh-ab santwgrl, utkoktkls) & ogfaur (sltup & `gkbtlbgbel). Xml sg`l mgs ta flgr fy tml ardgbkzgtkab.
Zgdl - 78
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Vubbkbd East
Flskhls, tml kbktkgo east tml oabd tlr` east wkoo kbeouhl tml rubbkbd east nar tml systl` kbeouhkbd tml G@E, stgtkabgry emgrdls, east nar mu`gb rlsaurels, east nar uphgtl/rlblwgo an vgrkaus rlogtlh santwgrl. Bllh nar Xrgkbkbd
Xml uslrs goabd wktm tml gh`kbkstrgtar bllh ta fl trgkblh gt tml tk`l an k`pol`lbtgtkab an tml systl` nar s`aatm rubbkbd an tml systl`. Xml eoklbt wkoo pravkhl tml trgkbkbd sktl. Tl tgoclh ta tml `gbgdl`lbt plapol wma wlrl `gbgdkbd g tml nkbgbekgo kssuls an tml elbtlr, tml stgnn wma wlrl cllpkbd tml rlearhs kb oats an rldkstlrs gbh tml rlpartkbd `gbgdlr rldgrhkbd tmlkr lxkstkbd systl`, tmlkr rlqukrl`lbts gbh tmlkr lxpletgtkabs nra` tml blw prapaslh systl`. Xmlb, wl hkh tml systl` stuhy an tml lbtkrl systl` fgslh ab tmlkr rlqukrl`lbts gbh tml ghhktkabgo nlgturls tmly wgbtlh ta kbearpargtl kb tmks systl`. Vlokgfol, geeurgtl gbh sleurl hgtg wgs gosa eabskhlrlh ta fl g ea`polx tgsc wktmaut tmks prapaslh systl`. Flegusl tmlrl wgs ba suem rlearh nar cllpkbd trgec an goo tml getkvktkls, wmkem wgs habl fy tml Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` ab tml hgkoy fgsks. Xml blw systl` prapaslh gbh tmlb hlvloaplh fy `l wkoo lgsl tml tgsc an tml ardgbkzgtkab kb eabskhlrgtkab. Kt wkoo fl mlopnuo kb dlblrgtkbd tml rlqukrlh rlparts fy tml stgnn, wmkem wkoo mlop tml` ta trgec tmlkr pradrlss gbh slrvkels. Xmus, kt wkoo lgsl tml tgsc an @gbgdl`lbt ta g drlgt lxtlbt gs goo tml `giar getkvktkls ta fl plrnar`lh, grl ea`putlrkzlh tmraudm tmks systl`.
Zgdl - 7<
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Zrailet Egtldary Vlogtkabgo Hgtgfgsl @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` (VHF@U) 9 Xmks ks gb VHF@U fgslh prailet wmkem ks eurrlbtoy uskbd @yUWO nar goo tml trgbsgetkab stgtl`lbts. @yUWO ks gb aplbsaurel VHF@U Uystl`. Frkln Kbtrahuetkab gfaut VHFU@ 9
G rlogtkabgo rlogtkabgo hgtgfgsl `gbgdl`lbt `gbgdl`lbt systl` (VHF@U) (VHF@U) ks g hgtgfgsl `gbgdl`lbt `gbgdl`lbt systl` (HF@U) tmgt ks fgslh ab tml rlogtkabgo `ahlo gs kbvlbtlh fy L. N. Eahh, an KF@'s Ugb Iasl Vlslgrem Ogfargtary. @gby papuogr hgtgfgsls eurrlbtoy kb usl grl fgslh ab tml rlogtkabgo hgtgfgsl `ahlo. VHF@Us mgvl flea`l g prlha`kbgbt emakel nar tml stargdl an kbnar`gtkab kb blw hgtgfgsls uslh nar nkbgbekgo rlearhs, `gbungeturkbd gbh oadkstkego kbnar`gtkab, plrsabblo hgtg, gbh `uem `arl skbel tml 7;=:s. Vlogtkabgo hgtgfgsls mgvl antlb rlpogelh oldgey mklrgremkego hgtgfgsls gbh bltwarc hgtgfgsls flegusl tmly grl lgsklr ta ubhlrstgbh gbh usl. Mawlvlr, rlogtkabgo hgtgfgsls mgvl fllb emgoolbdlh fy afilet hgtgfgsls, wmkem wlrl kbtrahuelh kb gb gttl`pt ta ghhrlss tml afilet-rlogtkabgo k`plhgbel `ks`gtem kb rlogtkabgo hgtgfgsl, gbh ]@O hgtgfgsls.
Zgdl - 7>
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` K`pol`lbtgtkab @ltmahaoady9 @ahlo ^klw Eabtraoolr ar @^E gs kt ks papuogroy egoolh, ks g santwgrl hlskdb pgttlrb nar hlvloapkbd wlf gppokegtkabs. G @ahlo ^klw Eabtraoolr pgttlrb ks `ghl up an tml naooawkbd tmrll pgrts9
@ahlo - Xml oawlst olvlo an tml pgttlrb wmkem ks rlspabskfol nar `gkbtgkbkbd hgtg.
^klw - Xmks ks rlspabskfol nar hkspogykbd goo ar g partkab an tml hgtg ta tml uslr.
- Uantwgrl Eahl tmgt eabtraos tml kbtlrgetkabs fltwllb tml @ahlo gbh Eabtraoolr ^klw.
@^E ks papuogr gs kt ksaogtls tml gppokegtkab oadke nra` tml uslr kbtlrngel ogylr gbh supparts slpgrgtkab an eabelrbs. Mlrl tml Eabtraoolr Eabtraoolr rlelkvls goo rlqulsts nar tml gppokegtkab gbh tmlb warcs wktm tml @ahlo ta prlpgrl gby hgtg bllhlh fy tml ^klw. Xml ^klw tmlb usls tml hgtg prlpgrlh fy tml Eabtraoolr ta dlblrgtl g nkbgo prlslbtgfol rlspabsl. Xml @^E gfstrgetkab egb fl drgpmkegooy rlprlslbtlh gs naooaws. @^E (@ahlo ^klw Eabtraoolr Noaw) Hkgdrg` HGXG NOAT HKGDVG@U
Zgdl - 74
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Zrailet Zogbbkbd9 Uantwgrl prailet pogb egb fl vklwlh gs tml naooawkbd9 7) Tktmkb tml ardgbkzgtkab9 Maw tml prailet ks ta fl k`pol`lbtlh1 Tmgt grl
vgrkaus eabstrgkbts (tk`l, east, stgnn)1 Tmgt ks `grclt strgtldy1 6) Tktm rlsplet ta tml eusta`lr9 Tllcoy ar tk`loy `lltkbds wktm tml eusta`lr
wktm prlslbtgtkab ab stgtus rlparts. Eusta`lrs nllhfgec ks gosa tgclb gbh nurtmlr `ahknkegtkab gbh hlvloap`lbts grl habl. Zrailet `kolstabls gbh hlokvlrgfols grl gosa prlslbtlh ta tml eusta`lr. Nar g sueelssnuo santwgrl prailet, tml naooawkbd stlps egb fl naooawlh9
Ulolet g prailet a
Khlbtknykbd prailet‛s gk`s gbh afiletkvls
a
\bhlrstgbhkbd rlqukrl`lbts gbh spleknkegtkab
a
@ltmahs an gbgoysks, hlskdb gbh k`pol`lbtgtkab
a
Xlstkbd tlembkquls
Haeu`lbtgtkab
a
Zrailet `kolstabls gbh hlokvlrgfols
Fuhdlt gooaegtkab a
Lxellhkbd ok`kts wktmkb eabtrao
Zrailet Lstk`gtls East
a
Xk`l
a
a
Ukzl an eahl
Zgdl - 7=
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Hurgtkab
a
Vlsaurel Gooaegtkab Mgrhwgrl
a
Uantwgrl
a
a
Zrlvkaus rlolvgbt prailet kbnar`gtkab
a
Hkdktgo Okfrgry
Vksc @gbgdl`lbt a
Vksc gvakhgbel
a
Vksc hltletkab
Zgdl - 7;
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Zrailet Uemlhuokbd9
Gb lol`lbtgry Dgbtt emgrt ar Xk`lokbl emgrt nar tml hlvloap`lbt hlvloap`lbt pogb ks dkvlb floaw. Xml pogb lxpogkbs tml tgscs vlrsus tml tk`l (kb wllcs) tmly wkoo tgcl ta ea`poltl.
Igbugry
Nlfrugry
@grem
Vlqukrl`lbt Dgtmlrkbd Gbgoysks Hlskdb Eahkbd Xlstkbd K`pol`lbt T7 T6 T5 T8 T7 T6 T5 T8 T7 T6 T5 T8
Tk” s grl wllcs an tml `abtms, nar k 07, 6, 5, 8
Zgdl - 6:
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` East lstk`gtkab an tml prailet9
Uantwgrl east ea`prksls g s`goo plrelbtgdl an avlrgoo ea`putlr-fgslh systl` east. Xmlrl grl g bu`flr an ngetars, wmkem grl eabskhlrlh, tmgt egb gnnlet tml uotk`gtl east an tml santwgrl suem gs - mu`gb, tlembkego, Mgrhwgrl gbh Uantwgrl gvgkogfkokty lte. Xml `gkb pakbt tmgt wgs eabskhlrlh hurkbd tml east lstk`gtkab an prailet wgs kts skzkbd. Kb spktl an ea`poltl santwgrl skzkbd, nubetkab pakbt gbh gppraxk`gtl okbls an eahl wlrl gosa uslh ta "skzl" lgem lol`lbt an tml Uantwgrl gbh tmlkr eastkbd. Xml east lstk`gtkab habl fy `l nar Zrailet gosa hlplbh upab tml fgslokbl `ltrkes eaooletlh nra` pgst prailets gbh tmlsl wlrl uslh kb eabiubetkab wktm lstk`gtkab vgrkgfols ta hlvloap east gbh lnnart prailetkabs. Tl mgvl fgskegooy lstk`gtlh tmks prailet `gkboy ab twa fgsls 7) Lnnart Lstk`gtkab - Xmks rlnlrs ta tml tatgo `gb-maurs rlqukrlh nar tml hlvloap`lbt
an tml prailet. Kt lvlb kbeouhls tml tk`l rlqukrlh nar hakbd haeu`lbtgtkab gbh uslr `gbugo. 6) Mgrhwgrl Vlqukrlh Lstk`gtkab - Xmks kbeouhls tml east an tml ZEs gbh tml
mgrhwgrl east rlqukrlh nar hlvloap`lbt an tmks prailet.
Zgdl - 67
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Xaaos/Zogtnar`, Mgrhwgrl gbh Uantwgrl Vlqukrl`lbt spleknkegtkabs9
Uantwgrl Vlqukrl`lbts9 Bg`l an ea`pablbt
Upleknkegtkab
Aplrgtkbd Uystl`
Tkbhaws ;=, Tkbhaws ]Z, Tkbhaws4, Okbux
Ogbdugdl
Igvg 6 Vubtk`l Lbvkrab`lbt
Hgtgfgsl
@yUWO Ulrvlr
Frawslr
Gby an @azkoog, @azkoog, Aplrg, Aplrg, Emra`l lte
Tlf Ulrvlr
Xa`egt 4
Uantwgrl Hlvloap`lbt Ckt
Igvg IHC 7.4 ar Gfavl
Uerkptkbd Ogbdugdl Lbgfol
IUZ (Igvg Ulrvlr Zgdls)
Hgtgfgsl IHFE Hrkvlr
@yUWO Ieabbletar
Mgrhwgrl Vlqukrl`lbts9 Bg`l an ea`pablbt
Upleknkegtkab
Zraelssar
Zlbtku` KKK >5:@Mz
VG@
76= @F
Mgrh hksc
6: DF
@abktar
7<‐ eaoar `abktar
Clyfagrh
766 clys
Zgdl - 66
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Zrailet Zrankol
Xmlrl mgs fllb eabtkbuaus lnnart ta hlvloap taaos, wmkem egb lgsl tml praelss an santwgrl hlvloap`lbt. Fut, wktm tml lvaovkbd trlbh an hknnlrlbt pradrg``kbd pgrghkd`s tahgy‛s santwgrl hlvloaplrs grl rlgooy emgoolbdlh ta hlgo wktm tml emgbdkbd tlembaoady. G`abd atmlr kssuls, kssuls, santwgrl santwgrl rl-lbdkbllrkbd rl-lbdkbllrkbd ks ks flkbd rldgrhlh rldgrhlh gs gb k`partgbt k`partgbt praelss praelss kb tml santwgrl hlvloap`lbt kbhustry. Abl an tml `giar tgscs mlrl ks ta ubhlrstgbh santwgrl systl`s tmgt grl gorlghy hlvloaplh gbh ta trgbsnar` tml` ta g hknnlrlbt santwgrl lbvkrab`lbt. Dlblrgooy, tmks rlqukrls g oat an `gbugo lnnart kb dakbd tmraudm g pradrg` tmgt `kdmt mgvl fllb hlvloaplh fy gbatmlr pradrg``lr. Xmks prailet `gcls g bavlo gttl`pt ta ghhrlss tml kssulh an pradrg` gbgoysks gbh dlblrgtkab an hkgdrg`s, wmkem egb hlpket tml strueturl an g pradrg` kb g flttlr wgy. Xahgy, \@O ks flkbd eabskhlrlh gs gb kbhustrkgo stgbhgrh nar santwgrl lbdkbllrkbd hlskdb praelss.
Kt
lsslbtkgo pravkhls slvlrgo hkgdrg``kbd taaos tmgt egb lxprlss hknnlrlbt gsplets/ emgrgetlrkstkes an pradrg` suem gs \sl egsls9 Lokekt rlqukrl`lbt nra` uslrs kb `lgbkbdnuo emubcs. Eabstruetkab pogbbkbd
ks fukot graubh hlokvlrkbd sa`l usl egsls b lgem kbtlrgetkab fgsks nar systl` tlstkbd. Eogss hkgdrg`s 9 smaws stgtke strueturl an eabelpts, typls gbh eogss. Eabelpts maw
uslrs tmkbc gfaut tml waroh3 typl smaws kbtlrngels an santwgrl ea`pablbts3 eogssls smaws k`pol`lbtgtkab an santwgrl ea`pablbts. Kbtlrgetkab hkgdrg`s9 smaws maw slvlrgo afilets eaoogfargtl kb skbdol usl egsl. Zgecgdl hkgdrg`9 smaw draup an eogssls gbh hlplbhlbekls g`abd tml`. Utgtl hkgdrg`9 smaw maw skbdol afilet flmgvls gerass `gby usl egsls. Getkvkty hkgdrg`9 smaws flmgvkar wktm eabtrao strueturl. Egb smaw `gby afilets avlr
`gby usls, `gby afilet kb skbdol usl egsl, ar k`pol`lbtgtkabs `ltmahs lbeaurgdl pgrgoolo flmgvkar, lte.
Zgdl - 65
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Xml lbh-prahuet an tmks prailet ks g ea`prlmlbskvl taao tmgt egb pgrsl gby vf.blt pradrg` gbh lxtrget `ast an tml afilet arklbtlh nlgturls kbmlrlbt kb tml pradrg` suem gs paoy`arpmks`, kbmlrktgbel, lbegpsuogtkab gbh gfstrgetkab. Tmgt ks \@O1
\@O stgbhs nar \bknklh @ahlokbd Ogbdugdl ks tml sueelssar ta tml wgvl an Afilet Arklbtlh Gbgoysks gbh Hlskdb (AAG&H) `ltmahs tmgt gpplgrlh kb tml ogtl =:‛s. Kt `ast hkrletoy ubknkls tml `ltmahs an Faaem, Vu`fgudm (A@X) gbh Igeafsab. Xml \@O ks egoolh g `ahlokbd ogbdugdl, bat g `ltmah. @ast `ltmahs eabskst gt olgst kb prkbekpol, an fatm g `ahlokbd ogbdugdl gbh g praelss. Xml @ahlokbd ogbdugdl ks tmgt batgtkab tmgt `ltmahs uslh ta lxprlss hlskdb. Batgtkabs gbh `ltg-`ahlos 9
Xml batgtkab ks tml drgpmkego stunn3 kt ks tml sybtgx an tml `ahlokbd ogbdugdl. Nar kbstgbel, eogss hkgdrg` batgtkab hlnkbls maw ktl`s grl eabelpts suem gs eogss, gssaekgtkab, gbh `uotkpokekty ks rlprlslbtlh. Xmlsl grl9 Eogss Hkgdrg`9 Xml eogss hkgdrg` tlembkqul mgs flea`l truoy elbtrgo wktmkb afilet-
arklbtlh `ltmahs. ^krtugooy lvlry `ltmah mgs kbeouhlh sa`l vgrkgtkab ab tmks tlembkqul. Eogss hkgdrg` ks gosa sufilet ta tml drlgtlst rgbdl an `ahlokbd eabelpt. Gotmaudm tml fgske lol`lbts grl bllhlh fy lvlryabl, ghvgbelh eabelpts grl uslh olss antlb. G eogss hkgdrg` hlserkfls tml typls an afilets kb tml systl` gbh tml vgrkaus ckbhs an stgtke rlogtkabsmkp tmgt lxkst g`abd tml`.
Xmlrl grl twa prkbekpgo ckbhs an stgtke
rlogtkabsmkp9 Gssaekgtkab
Uuftypl
Eogss hkgdrg` gosa smaw tml gttrkfutls gbh aplrgtkabs an g eogss gbh tml eabstrgkbts tmgt gppoy ta tml wgy afilets grl eabbletlh.
Zgdl - 68
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Gssaekgtkab9 Gssaekgtkab rlprlslbt fltwllb kbstgbels an eogss. Nra` tml eabelptugo
plrspletkvl, gssaekgtkab rlprlslbts eabelptugo rlogtkabs fltwllb eogssls. Lgem gssaekgtkab mgs twa raols. Lgem raol ks g hkrletkab ab tml gssaekgtkab. G raol gosa mgs `uotkpokekty, wmkem ks g kbhkegtkab an maw `gby afilet `gy pgrtkekpgtl kb tml dkvlb rlogtkabsmkp. Dlblrgokzgtkab 9 G typkego lxg`pol an dlblrgokzgtkab lvaovls tml plrsabgo gbh earpargtl
eusta`lr an g fuskblss. Xmly mgvl hknnlrlbels fut gosa `gby sk`kogrkty. Xml sk`kogrktkls egb fl pogelh kb dlblrgokzgtkab wktm plrsabgo eusta`lr gbh earpargtl eusta`lr suf typl. Gddrldgtkab9 gddrldgtkab ks tml pgrt an rlogtkabsmkp. Kt ks okcl sgykbd g egr mgs lbdkbl
gbh wmllos gs kts pgrts. Xmks saubhs daah, fut hknnkeuot tmkbd ks eabskhlrkbd, wmgt ks tml hknnlrlbel ks gddrldgtkab gbh gssaekgtkab. Kbtlrgetkab9 kbtlrgetkab hkgdrg`s grl `ahlos tmgt hlserkfls maw draups an afilets
eaoogfargtkab kb sa`l flmgvkar. Xypkegooy, gb kbtlrgetkab hkgdrg` egpturls tml flmgvkar g skbdol usl egsls. Xml hkgdrg` smaws g bu`flr an lxg`pol afilets gbh tml `lssgdls tmgt grl pgsslh fltwllb tmlsl afilets kb usl egsls. Xmlsl grl naooawkbd gppragemls wktm sk`pol usl egsl tmgt lxmkfkts tml naooawkbd flmgvkar. Afilets egb slbh g `lssgdl ta gbatmlr. Lgem `lssgdl ks emlecs wktm dkvlb staec ktl`. Xmlrl grl twa hkgdrg`s9 Ulqulbel gbh Eaoogfargtkab hkgdrg`. Zgecgdl Hkgdrg`9 Abl an tml aohlst qulstkabs kb santwgrl `ltmahs ks9 maw ha yau
frlgc hawb g ogrdl systl` kbta s`goolr systl`s1 Kt flea`ls hknnkeuot ta ubhlrstgbh gbh tml emgbdls wl `gcl ta tml`. Utrueturlh `ltmahs uslh nubetkabgo hlea`pasktkab kb wmkem tml avlrgoo systl` wgs `gpplh gs g nubetkab fraclb hawb kbta suf nubetkab, wmkem ks nurtmlr fraclb hawb kbta suf nubetkab gbh sa nartm. Xml slpgrgtkab an praelss hgtg ks dabl, nubetkabgo hlea`pasktkab ks dabl, fut tml aoh qulstkab ks stkoo rl`gkbs. Abl khlg ks ta draup tml eogssls tadltmlr kbta mkdmlr-olvlo ubkt. Xmks khlg, gppoklh vlry oaasloy, gpplgrs kb `gby
Zgdl - 6<
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` afilets. Kb \@O, tmks draupkbd `lemgbks` ks pgecgdl. Xml tlr` pgecgdl hkgdrg` nar g hkgdrg` tmgt smaws pgecgdls an eogssls gbh tml hlplbhlbekls g`abd tml`. G hlplbhlbey hlplbhlbey lxksts fltwllb twa lol`lbts kn emgbdls ta tml hlnkbktkab an abl lol`lbt `gy egusl ta atmlr. Tktm eogssls, hlplbhlbekls lxkst nar vgrkaus rlgsabs9 abl eogss slbhs g `lssgdl ta gbatmlr3 abl eogss mgs gbatmlr gs pgrt an kts hgtg3 abl eogss `lbtkabs gbatmlr gs g pgrg`ltlr ta gb aplrgtkab. G hlplbhlbey fltwllb twa pgecgdls lxksts3 gbh gby hlplbhlbekls lxkst fltwllb gby twa eogssls kb tml pgecgdl. Utgtl hkgdrg`9 Utgtl hkgdrg` grl g ng`kokgr tlembkqul ta hlserkfl tml flmgvkar an g
systl`. Xmly hlserkfl goo tml passkfol stgtls g pgrtkeuogr afilet egb dlt kbta gbh maw tml afilets stgtl emgbdls gs g rlsuot an lvlbts tmgt rlgem tml afilets. Kb `ast AA tlembkqul, stgtl hkgdrg`s grl hrgwb nar g skbdol eogss ta smaw tml oknltk`l flmgvkar an g skbdl afilet. Xmlrl grl `gby nar` an stgtl hkgdrg`, lgem wktm sokdmtoy hknnlrlbt sl`gbtkes. Xml `ast papuogr abl uslh kb AA tlembkqul ks fgslh ab Hgvkh Mgrlo‛s stgtl emgrt.
Zgdl - 6>
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` ZLVX EMGVX (Zradrg` Lvgougtkab Vlvklw Xlembkqul) ZLVX emgrt ks ardgbkzlh nar lvlbts, getkvktkls ar tgscs. Kt ks g semlhuokbd hlvkel tmgt smaws drgpmkegooy tml arhlr an tml tgscs ta fl plrnar`lh. Kt lbgfols tml egoeuogtkab an tml erktkego pgtm. Xml tk`l gbh east gssaekgtlh goabd g pgtm ks egoeuogtlh gbh tml pgtm rlqukrls tml drlgtlst g`aubt an logpslh tk`l kb erktkego pgtm.
Hlskdb
Eahl
Hgtgfgsl
hgtgfgsl Kbtldrgtl gbh Xlst
Upleknkegtkab
Hlskdb D\K
Eahl D\K
grt
Zgrt
K`pol`lbtgtkab Trktl \slr @gbugo
ZLVX Emgrt rlprlslbtgtkab
Zgdl - 64
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` DGBXX EMGVX
Kt ks gosa cbawb gs Fgr emgrt ks uslh lxeouskvloy nar semlhuokbd purpasl. Kt ks g prailet eabtraookbd tlembkqul. Kt ks uslh nar semlhuokbd. Fuhdltkbd gbh rlsaurekbd pogbbkbd. G Dgbtt ks g fgr emgrt wktm lgem fgr rlprlslbtkbd getkvkty. Xml fgrs grl hrgwb gdgkbst g tk`l okbl. Xml olbdtm an tk`l pogbblh nar tml getkvkty. Xml Dgbtt emgrt kb tml nkdurl smaws tml Drgy pgrts ks sogec tk`l tmgt ks tml ogtlst fy wmkem g tgsc mgs fllb nkbksmlh.
7-7; @G[ 7: 6:-5 I\BL 7: >-6< I\BL 7: 6>-7< I\O[ 7: I\O[ 7> G\D 57 Upleknkegtkab
Hlskdb Hgtgfgsl Zgrt
Hlskdb D\K
@ahuogtkab
EAHL HGXGFGUL ZGVX
EAHL D\K
FOGEC FA] XLUXKBD
KBXLDVGXL GBH XLUX
K@ZOL@LBXGXKAB
TVKXL \ULV @GB\GO
DGBXX EMGVX VLZVLULBXGXKAB
Zgdl - 6=
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` \sl Egsl @ahlo an tml Zrailet9
Xml usl egsl `ahlo nar gby systl` eabsksts an ‟usl egsls‐. \sl egsls rlprlslbt hknnlrlbt wgys kb wmkem tml systl` egb fl uslh fy tml uslr. G sk`pol wgy ta nkbh goo tml usl egsl an g systl` ks ta gsc tml qulstkabs ‟Tmgt tml uslr egb ha uskbd tml systl`1‐ Xml usl egsls pgrtktkab tml systl` flmgvkar kbta trgbsgetkabs suem tmgt lgem trgbsgetkab plrnar`s sa`l uslnuo getkab nra` tml uslrs‛ pakbt an vklw. Xml purpasl an tml usl egsl ta hlnkbl g pklel an eamlrlbt flmgvkar wktmaut rlvlokbd tml kbtlrbgo strueturl an tml systl`. Gb usl egsl typkegooy rlprlslbts g slqulbel an kbtlrgetkab fltwllb tml uslr gbh tml systl`. Xmlsl kbtlrgetkabs eabsksts an abl `gkb okbl slqulbel ks rlprlslbt tml bar`go kbtlrgetkab fltwllb tml uslr gbh tml systl`. Xml usl egsl `ahlo ks gb k`partgbt gbgoysks gbh hlskdb grtknget (tgsc).\sl egsls egb fl rlprlslbtlh fy hrgwkbd g usl egsl hkgdrg` gbh wrktkbd gb geea`pgby tlxt logfargtkbd tml hrgwkbd. Kb tml usl egsl hkgdrg` lgem usl egsl ks rlprlslbtlh fy gb lookpsl wktm tml bg`l an usl egsl wrkttlb kbskhl tml lookpsl. Goo tml lookpsls an tml systl` grl lbeoaslh wktm kb g rletgbdol wmkem rlprlslbts tml systl` faubhgry. Xml bg`l an tml systl` flkbd `ahuolh gpplgrs kbskhl tml rletgbdol. Xml hknnlrlbt uslrs an tml systl` grl rlprlslbtlh fy uskbd stkec plrsab keab. Xml stkec plrsab keab ks bar`gooy rlnlrrlh ta gs gb Getar. Xml okbl eabbletkbd tml getar gbh tml usl egsls ks egoolh tml ea``ubkegtkab rlogtkabsmkp. Tmlb g stkec plrsab keab rlprlslbts gb lxtlrbgo systl` kt ks gbbatgtlh fy tml stlrla typl??lxtlrbgo systl`22.
Zgdl - 6;
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Hgtgnoaw Hkgdrg`9
Hgtg noaw hkgdrg` ks tml stgrtkbd pakbt an tml hlskdb pmgsl tmgt nubetkabgooy hlea`pasls tml rlqukrl`lbts spleknkegtkab. G HNH eabsksts an g slrkls an fuffols iakblh fy okbls. Xml fuffols rlprlslbt rlprlslbt hgtg trgbsnar`gtkab trgbsnar`gtkab gbh tml okbls rlprlslbt rlprlslbt hgtg noaws kb tml systl`. G HNH hlserkfls wmgt hgtg noaw rgtmlr tmgb maw tmly grl praelsslh, sa kt hals bat mgrhwgrl, santwgrl gbh hgtg strueturl. G hgtg-noaw hkgdrg` ( HNH) ks g drgpmkego rlprlslbtgtkab an tml "noaw" an hgtg tmraudm gb kbnar`gtkab systl`. systl` . HNHs egb gosa fl uslh nar tml vksugokzgtkab an hgtg praelsskbd (strueturlh hlskdb). G hgtg noaw hkgdrg` (HNH) ks g skdbknkegbt `ahlokbd tlembkqul nar gbgoyzkbd gbh eabstruetkbd kbnar`gtkab praelssls. HNH oktlrgooy `lgbs gb kooustrgtkab tmgt lxpogkbs tml eaursl ar `avl`lbt an kbnar`gtkab kb g praelss. HNH kooustrgtls tmks noaw an kbnar`gtkab kb g praelss fgslh ab tml kbputs gbh autputs. G HNH egb fl rlnlrrlh ta gs g Zraelss @ahlo. Xml hgtg noaw hkgdrg` ks g drgpmkego hlserkptkab an g systl`‛s hgtg gbh maw ta Zraelss trgbsnar` tml hgtg ks cbawb gs Hgtg Noaw Hkgdrg` (HNH). \bokcl hltgkos noaw emgrt, HNHs hab‛t suppoy hltgko hlserkptkabs an `ahuols tmgt drgpmkegooy hlserkfl g systl`‛s hgtg gbh maw tml hgtg kbtlrget wktm tml systl`. Hgtg noaw hkgdrg` bu`flr an sy`faos gbh tml naooawkbd sy`faos grl an fy Hl@grea.
praelss
Hgtg starl
Uaurel/skbc
Hgtg Noaw Hl@grea & [aurhab sy`faos
Dgbl & Ugrsab sy`faos
Zgdl - 5:
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Xmlrl grl slvlb ruols nar eabstruet g hgtg noaw hkgdrg`.
bat erass lgem lgem atmlr. atmlr. k) Grraws smauoh bat kk) Uqugrls, ekreols gbh nkols `ust wlgrs bg`ls. kkk) Hlea`paslh hgtg noaws `ust fl fgogbelh. kv) Ba twa hgtg noaws, squgrls ar ekreols egb fl tml sg`l bg`ls. v) Hrgw goo hgtg noaws graubh tml autskhl an tml hkgdrg`. vk) Emaasl `lgbkbdnuo bg`ls nar hgtg noaws, praelssls & hgtg starls. vkk) Eabtrao
kbnar`gtkab
suem
gs
rlearh
ubkts,
pgsswarh
gbh
vgokhgtkab
rlqukrl`lbts grl bat plbktlbt ta g hgtg noaw hkgdrg`. Ghhktkabgooy, Ghhktkabgooy, g HNH egb fl utkokzlh ta vksugokzl hgtg praelsskbd ar g strueturlh hlskdb. Xmks fgske HNH egb fl tmlb hkskbtldrgtlh ta g oawlr olvlo hkgdrg` hl`abstrgtkbd s`goolr stlps lxmkfktkbd hltgkos an tml systl` tmgt ks flkbd `ahlolh. Ab g HNH, hgtg ktl`s noaw nra` gb lxtlrbgo hgtg saurel ar gb kbtlrbgo hgtg starl ta gb kbtlrbgo hgtg starl ar gb lxtlrbgo hgtg skbc, vkg gb kbtlrbgo praelss. Kt ks ea``ab prgetkel ta hrgw g eabtlxt-olvlo hgtg noaw hkgdrg` nkrst, wmkem smaws tml kbtlrgetkab fltwllb tml systl` gbh lxtlrbgo gdlbts, wmkem get gs hgtg saurels gbh hgtg skbcs. Ab tml eabtlxt hkgdrg` (gosa cbawb gs tml Olvlo : HNH‛), tml systl`'s kbtlrgetkabs wktm tml autskhl waroh grl `ahlolh purloy kb tlr`s an hgtg noaws gerass tml systl` faubhgry. Xml eabtlxt hkgdrg` smaws tml lbtkrl systl` gs g skbdol praelss, gbh dkvls ba eouls gs ta kts kbtlrbgo ardgbkzgtkab. Xmks eabtlxt-olvlo HNH ks blxt "lxpoahlh", ta prahuel g Olvlo 7 HNH tmgt smaws sa`l an tml hltgko an tml systl` flkbd `ahlolh. Xml Olvlo 7 HNH smaws maw tml systl` ks hkvkhlh kbta suf-systl`s (praelssls), lgem an wmkem hlgos wktm abl ar `arl an tml hgtg noaws ta ar nra` gb lxtlrbgo gdlbt, gbh wmkem tadltmlr pravkhl goo an tml nubetkabgokty an tml systl` gs g wmaol. Xml olvlo 7 HNH ks nurtmlr sprlghlh gbh spokt kbta `arl hlserkptkvl gbh hltgkolh hlserkptkab gfaut tml prailet gs olvlo 6 HNH.Xml olvlo 6 HNH egb fl g bu`flr an hgtg noaws wmkem wkoo nkbgooy smaw tml lbtkrl hlserkptkab an tml santwgrl prailet.
Zgdl - 57
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Gfaut LV Hkgdrg`9 Lbtkty Vlogtkabsmkp Hkgdrg`
L-V @ahlo ks g papuogr mkdm olvlo eabelptugo hgtg `ahlo. Xmks `ahlo gbh kts vgrkgtkabs grl nrlqulbtoy uslh nar tml eabelptugo hlskdb an hgtgfgsl gppokegtkab gbh `gby hgtgfgsl hlskdb taaos l`poay kts eabelpt. G hgtgfgsl hgtgfgsl tmgt eabnkr`s eabnkr`s ta gb L-V hkgdrg` hkgdrg` egb fl fl rlprlslbtlh rlprlslbtlh fy g eaooletab eaooletab an tgfols tgfols kb tml rlogtkabgo systl`. Xml `gppkbd an L-V hkgdrg` ta tml lbtktkls grl9 Gttrkfutls
Vlogtkabs
@gby-ta-`gby
a
@gby-ta-abl
a
Abl-ta-`gby
a
Abl-ta-abl
a
Tlgc lbtktkls
Uuf-typl gbh suplr-typl
Xml lbtktkls gbh tmlkr rlogtkabsmaps fltwllb tml` grl smawb uskbd tml naooawkbd eabvlbtkabs.
Gb lbtkty ks smawb kb rletgbdol.
G hkg`abh rlprlslbt tml rlogtkabsmkp g`abd bu`flr an lbtktkls.
Xml gttrkfutls smawb gs avgos grl eabbletlh ta tml lbtktkls ar rlogtkabsmkp fy okbls.
Hkg`abh,avgo gbh rlogtkabsmkps grl ogflolh.
Zgdl - 56
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
@ahlo ks gb gfstrgetkab praelss tmgt mkhls suplr hltgkos wmkol mkdmokdmtkbd hltgkos rlogtkab ta gppokegtkab gt lbh.
G hgtg `ahlo ks g `lemgbks` tmgt pravkhls tmks gfstrgetkab nar hgtgfgsl gppokegtkab.
Hgtg `ahlokbd ks uslh nar rlprlslbtkbd lbtktkls gbh tmlkr rlogtkabsmkp kb tml hgtgfgsl.
Lbtktkls grl tml fgske ubkts uslh kb `ahlokbd hgtgfgsl lbtktkls egb mgvl eaberltl lxkstlbel ar eabstktutl khlgs ar eabelpts.
Lbtkty typl ar lbtkty slt ks g draup an sk`kogr afilets eabelrb ta gb ardgbkzgtkab nar wmkem kt `gkbtgkb hgtg,
Zraplrtkls grl emgrgetlrkstkes an gb lbtkty gosa egoolh gs gttrkfutls. gttrkfutls.
G cly ks g skbdol gttrkfutl ar ea`fkbgtkab an 6 ar `arl gttrkfutls an gb lbtkty slt ks uslh ta khlbtkny abl ar `arl kbstgbels an tml slt.
Kb rlogtkabgo `ahlo wl rlprlslbt tml lbtkty fy g rlogtkab gbh usl tupols ta rlprlslbt gb kbstgbel an tml lbtkty.
Vlogtkabsmkp ks uslh kb hgtg `ahlokbd ta rlprlslbt kb gssaekgtkab fltwllb gb lbtkty slt.
Gb gssaekgtkab fltwllb twa gttrkfutls kbhkegtls tmgt tml tml vgouls an tml gssaekgtlh gttrkfutls grl kbhlplbhlbt.
Zgdl - 55
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Uleurkty Xlstkbd an tml Zrailet Xlstkbd ks vktgo nar tml sueelss an gby santwgrl. ba systl` hlskdb ks lvlr plrnlet. Xlstkbd ks gosa egrrklh kb twa pmgsls. nkrst pmgsl ks hurkbd tml santwgrl lbdkbllrkbd tmgt ks hurkbd tml `ahuol erlgtkab. sleabh pmgsl ks gntlr tml ea`poltkab an santwgrl. tmks ks systl` tlstkbd wmkem vlrknkls tmgt tml wmaol slt an pradrg`s mgbdlh tadltmlr. Tmktl Fax Xlstkbd9 Kb tmks tlembkqul, tml eoasl lxg`kbgtkab an tml oadkego pgrts tmraudm tml santwgrl grl tlstlh fy egsls tmgt lxlreksl splekls slts an eabhktkabs ar oaaps. goo oadkego pgrts an tml santwgrl emleclh abel. lrrars tmgt egb fl earrletlh uskbd tmks tlembkqul grl typadrgpmkego lrrars, oadkego lxprlsskabs wmkem smauoh fl lxleutlh abel `gy fl dlttkbd lxleutlh `arl tmgb abel gbh lrrar rlsuotkbd fy uskbd wrabd eabtraos gbh oaaps. Tmlb tml fax tlstkbd tlsts goo tml kbhlplbhlbt pgrt wktmkb g `ahuol g oadkego hlekskabs ab tmlkr trul gbh tml ngosl skhl grl lxlrekslh , goo oaaps gbh faubhs wktmkb tmlkr aplrgtkabgo faubhs wlrl lxlrekslh gbh kbtlrbgo hgtg strueturl ta lbsurl tmlkr vgokhkty wlrl lxlrekslh abel. Fogec Fax Xlstkbd9 Xmks `ltmah lbgfols tml santwgrl lbdkbllr ta hlvkel slts an kbput tlembkquls tmgt nuooy lxlreksl goo nubetkabgo rlqukrl`lbts nar g pradrg`. fogec fax tlstkbd tlsts tml kbput, tml autput gbh tml lxtlrbgo hgtg. kt emlecs wmltmlr tml kbput hgtg ks earrlet gbh wmltmlr wl grl dlttkbd tml hlskrlh autput. Gopmg Xlstkbd9 Geelptgbel tlstkbd tlstkbd ks gosa sa`ltk`ls sa`ltk`ls egoolh gopmg tlstkbd. tlstkbd. Fl spacl systl`s systl`s grl hlvloaplh hlvloaplh nar g skbdol eusta`lr. Xml gopmg tlstkbd praellhs ubtko tml systl` hlvloaplr gbh tml eusta`lr gdrll tmgt tml pravkhlh systl` ks gb geelptgfol k`pol`lbtgtkab an tml systl` rlqukrl`lbts. Fltg Xlstkbd9 Ab tml atmlr mgbh, wmlb g systl` ksta fl `grclh gs g santwgrl prahuet, gbatmlr praelss egoolh fltg tlstkbd ks antlb eabhuetlh. Hurkbd fltg tlstkbd, g systl` ks hlokvlrlh g`abd g bu`flr an patlbtkgo uslrs wma gdrll ta usl kt. Xml eusta`lrs tmlb rlpart prafol`s ta tml
Zgdl - 58
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` hlvloaplrs. Xmks pravkhls tml prahuet nar rlgo usl gbh hltlets lrrars wmkem `gy bat mgvl fllb gbtkekpgtlh fy tml systl` hlvloaplrs. \bkt Xlstkbd9 Lgem `ahuol ks eabskhlrlh kbhlplbhlbtoy. kt naeusls ab lgem ubkt an santwgrl gs k`pol`lbtlh kb tml saurel eahl. kt ks wmktl fax tlstkbd. Kbtldrgtkab Xlstkbd9 Kbtldrgtkab tlstkbd gk`s gt eabstruetkbd tml pradrg` strueturl wmkol gt tml sg`l eabstruetkbd tlsts ta ubeavlr lrrars gssaekgtlh wktm kbtlrngekbd tml `ahuols. `ahuols grl kbtldrgtlh fy uskbd tml tap hawb gppragem. ^gokhgtkab Xlstkbd9 ^gokhgtkab tlstkbd wgs plrnar`lh ta lbsurl tmgt goo tml nubetkabgo gbh plrnar`gbel rlqukrl`lbts grl `lt. Uystl` Xlstkbd9 Kt ks lxleutkbd pradrg`s ta emlec oadkego emgbdls `ghl kb kt wktm kbtlbtkab an nkbhkbd lrrars. g systl` ks tlstlh nar abokbl rlspabsl, vaou`l an trgbsgetkab, rleavlry nra` ngkourl lte. Uystl` tlstkbd ks habl ta lbsurl tmgt tml systl` sgtksnkls goo tml uslr rlqukrl`lbts.
Zgdl - 5<
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` K`pol`lbtgtkab gbh Uantwgrl Upleknkegtkab Xlstkbds Hltgkolh Hlskdb an K`pol`lbtgtkab Xmks pmgsl an tml systl`s hlvloap`lbt oknl eyeol rlnkbls mgrhwgrl gbh santwgrl spleknkegtkabs, lstgfoksmls pradrg``kbd pogbs, trgkbs uslrs gbh k`pol`lbts lxtlbskvl tlstkbd praelhurls, ta lvgougtl hlskdb gbh aplrgtkbd spleknkegtkabs gbh/ar pravkhl tml fgsks nar nurtmlr `ahknkegtkab. Xlembkego Hlskdb Xmks getkvkty fukohs upab spleknkegtkabs prahuelh hurkbd blw systl` hlskdb, ghhkbd hltgkolh tlembkego spleknkegtkabs gbh haeu`lbtgtkab. Xlst Upleknkegtkabs gbh Zogbbkbd Xmks getkvkty prlpgrls hltgkolh tlst spleknkegtkabs nar kbhkvkhugo `ahuols gbh pradrg`s, iaf strlg`s, sufsystl`s, gbh nar tml systl` gs g wmaol. Zradrg``kbd gbh Xlstkbd Xmks getkvkty lbea`pgssls getugo hlvloap`lbt, wrktkbd, gbh tlstkbd an pradrg` ubkts ar `ahuols. \slr Xrgkbkbd Xmks getkvkty lbea`pgssls wrktkbd uslr praelhurl `gbugos, prlpgrgtkab an uslr trgkbkbd `gtlrkgos, eabhuetkbd trgkbkbd pradrg`s, gbh tlstkbd praelhurls. Geelptgbel Xlst G nkbgo praelhurgo rlvklw ta hl`abstrgtl g systl` gbh sleurl uslr gppravgo gppravgo flnarl g systl` flea`ls aplrgtkabgo.
Kbstgoogtkab Zmgsl Kb tmks pmgsl tml blw Ea`putlrkzlh systl` ks kbstgoolh, tml eabvlrskab ta blw praelhurls ks nuooy k`pol`lbtlh, gbh tml patlbtkgo an tml blw systl` ks lxpoarlh.
Zgdl - 5>
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Uystl` Kbstgoogtkab Xml praelss an stgrtkbd tml getugo usl an g systl` gbh trgkbkbd uslr plrsabblo kb kts aplrgtkab. Vlvklw Zmgsl Xmks pmgsl lvgougtls tml sueelssls gbh ngkourls hurkbd g systl`s hlvloap`lbt prailet, gbh ta `lgsurl tml rlsuots an g blw Ea`putlrkzlh Xrgbsystl` kb tlr`s an flblnkts gbh sgvkbds prailetlh gt tml stgrt an tml prailet. Hlvloap`lbt Vlegp G rlvklw r lvklw an g prailet k``lhkgtloy gntlr ea`poltkab ta nkbh sueelssls gbh patlbtkgo patlbtkgo prafol`s kb nuturl warc. Zast-K`pol`lbtgtkab Vlvklw G rlvklw, eabhuetlh eabhuetlh gntlr gntlr g blw systl` mgs fllb fllb kb aplrgtkab aplrgtkab nar sa`l tk`l, tk`l, ta lvgougtl lvgougtl getugo systl`
plrnar`gbel
gdgkbst
arkdkbgo
lxpletgtkabs
gbh
prailetkabs
nar
east-flblnkt
k`pravl`lbts. Gosa khlbtknkls `gkbtlbgbel prailets ta lbmgbel ar k`pravl tml systl`. XML UXLZU KB XML UANXTGVL XLUXKBD Xml stlps kbvaovlh hurkbd \bkt tlstkbd grl gs naooaws9 g. Zrlpgrgtkab an tml tlst egsls. f. Zrlpgrgtkab an tml passkfol tlst hgtg wktm goo tml vgokhgtkab emlecs. e. Ea`poltl eahl rlvklw an tml `ahuol. h. Getugo tlstkbd habl `gbugooy. l. @ahknkegtkabs @ahknkegtk abs habl nar tml lrrars naubh hurkbd tlstkbd. n.
Zrlpgrlh tml tlst rlsuot serkpts.
Xml ubkt tlstkbd habl kbeouhlh tml tlstkbd an tml naooawkbd n aooawkbd ktl`s9 7. Nubetkabgokty an tml lbtkrl `ahuol/nar`s. 6. ^gokhgtkabs nar uslr kbput. 5. Emleckbd an tml Eahkbd stgbhgrhs ta fl `gkbtgkblh hurkbd eahkbd.
Zgdl - 54
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` 8.
Xlstkbd tml `ahuol wktm goo tml passkfol tlst hgtg.
<.
Xlstkbd an tml nubetkabgokty nubetkabgokt y kbvaovkbd goo typl an egoeuogtkabs lte.
>. Ea``lbtkbd stgbhgrh kb tml saurel nkols. Gntlr ea`poltkbd ea`poltkbd tml \bkt tlstkbd an goo tml `ahuols, ` ahuols, tml wmaol systl` ks kbtldrgtlh wktm goo kts hlplbhlbekls kb tmgt `ahuol. Tmkol Uystl` Kbtldrgtkab, Tl kbtldrgtlh tml `ahuols abl fy abl gbh tlstlh tml systl` gt lgem stlp. Xmks mloplh kb rlhuetkab an lrrars gt tml tk`l an tml systl` tlstkbd. Xml stlps kbvaovlh hurkbd Uystl` tlstkbd grl gs naooaws9
Kbtldrgtkab an goo tml `ahuols/nar`s kb tml systl`.
Zrlpgrgtkab an tml tlst egsls.
Zrlpgrgtkab an tml passkfol tlst hgtg wktm goo tml vgokhgtkab emlecs.
Getugo tlstkbd tlstkbd habl `gbugooy.
Vlearhkbd an goo tml rlprahuelh lrrars.
@ahknkegtkabs habl nar tml lrrars naubh hurkbd tlstkbd.
Zrlpgrlh tml tlst rlsuot serkpts gntlr rletknkegtkab an tml lrrars.
Xml Uystl` Xlstkbd habl kbeouhlh tml tlstkbd an tml naooawkbd ktl`s9 7. Nubetkabgokty an tml lbtkrl lbtkrl systl` gs g wmaol. 6. \slr Kbtlrngel an tml systl`. 5. Xlstkbd tml hlplbhlbt `ahuols tadltmlr wktm goo tml passkfol tlst hgtg serkpts. 8. ^lrknkegtkab ^lrknkegtk ab gbh ^gokhgtkab tlstkbd. <. Xlstkbd tml rlparts wktm wktm goo kts nubetkabgokty. nubetkabgok ty. Gntlr tml ea`poltkab an systl` tlstkbd, tml blxt naooawkbd pmgsl wgs tml Geelptgbel Geelptgbel Xlstkbd. Eoklbts gt tmlkr lbh hkh tmks gbh geelptlh tml systl` wktm gpprlekgtkab. Xmus, wl rlgemlh tml nkbgo pmgsl an tml prailet hlokvlry. Xmlrl grl atmlr skx tlsts, wmkem ngoo ubhlr splekgo egtldary. Xmly grl hlserkflh floaw9
Zlgc Oagh Xlst9 Kt hltlr`kbls wmltmlr tml systl` wkoo mgbhol tml vaou`l an getkvktkls tmgt aeeur wmlb tml systl` ks gt tml plgc an kts praelsskbd hl`gbh. Nar lxg`pol, tlst tml systl` fy getkvgtkbd goo tlr`kbgos gt tml sg`l tk`l.
Zgdl - 5=
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
Utargdl Xlstkbd9 Kt hltlr`kbls tml egpgekty an tml systl` ta starl trgbsgetkab hgtg ab g hksc ar kb atmlr nkols.
Zlrnar`gbel Xk`l Xlstkbd9 kt hltlr`kbls tml olbdtm an tk`l systl` uslh fy tml systl` ta praelss trgbsgetkab hgtg. Xmks tlst ks eabhuetlh prkar ta k`pol`lbtgtkab ta hltlr`kbl maw oabd kt tgcls ta dlt g rlspabsl ta gb kbqukry, `gcl g fgecup eapy an g nkol, ar slbh g trgbs`ksskab gbh dlt g rlspabsl.
Vleavlry Xlstkbd9 Xlstk bd9 Xmks tlstkbd hltlr`kbls hltlr` kbls tml gfkokty an uslr u slr ta rleavlr hgtg ar rl-stgrt r l-stgrt systl` gntlr ngkourl. Nar lxg`pol, oagh fgecup eapy an hgtg gbh rlsu`l praelsskbd wktmaut hgtg ar kbtldrkty oass.
Zraelhurl Xlstkbd9 Xlstk bd9 Kt hltlr`kbls tml tm l eogrkty an haeu`lbtgtkab haeu`lbt gtkab ab aplrgtkab gbh usls an systl` fy mgvkbd uslrs ha lxgetoy wmgt `gbugos rlqulst. Nar lxg`pol, pawlrkbd hawb systl` gt tml lbh an wllc ar rlspabhkbd ta pgplr-aut okdmt ab prkbtlr.
Mu`gb Ngetars Xlstkbd9 Kt hltlr`kbls maw uslrs wkoo usl tml systl` wmlb praelsskbd hgtg ar prlpgrkbd rlparts.
Zgdl - 5;
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Uystl` Gbgoysks9
Uystl` gbgoysks ks g praelss an dgtmlrkbd gbh kbtlrprltkbd ngets, hkgdbaskbd prafol`s gbh tml kbnar`gtkab gfaut tml Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` ta rlea``lbh k`pravl`lbts ab tml systl`. Kt ks g prafol` saovkbd getkvkty tmgt rlqukrls kbtlbskvl ea``ubkegtkab fltwllb tml systl` uslrs gbh systl` hlvloaplrs. Uystl` gbgoysks ar stuhy ks gb k`partgbt pmgsl an gby systl` hlvloap`lbt praelss. Xml systl` ks stuhklh ta tml `kbutlst hltgko gbh gbgoyzlh. Xml systl` gbgoyst pogys tml raol an tml kbtlrradgtar gbh hwloos hllp kbta tml warckbd an tml prlslbt systl`. Xml systl` ks vklwlh gs g wmaol gbh tml kbput ta tml systl` grl khlbtknklh. Xml autputs nra` tml ardgbkzgtkabs grl trgelh ta tml vgrkaus praelssls. Uystl` gbgoysks ks eabelrblh wktm flea`kbd gwgrl an tml prafol`, khlbtknykbd tml rlolvgbt gbh hlekskabgo vgrkgfols, gbgoyzkbd gbh sybtmlskzkbd tml vgrkaus ngetars gbh hltlr`kbkbd gb aptk`go ar gt olgst g sgtksngetary saoutkab ar pradrg` an getkab. G hltgkolh stuhy an tml praelss `ust fl `ghl fy vgrkaus tlembkquls okcl kbtlrvklws, qulstkabbgkrls lte. Xml hgtg eaooletlh fy tmlsl saurels `ust fl serutkbkzlh ta grrkvl ta g eabeouskab. Xml eabeouskab ks gb ubhlrstgbhkbd an maw tml systl` nubetkabs. Xmks systl` ks egoolh tml lxkstkbd systl`. Baw tml lxkstkbd systl` ks sufiletlh ta eoasl stuhy gbh prafol` grlgs grl khlbtknklh. Xml hlskdblr baw nubetkabs gs g prafol` saovlr gbh trkls ta sart aut tml hknnkeuotkls tmgt tml lbtlrprksl ngels. Xml saoutkabs grl dkvlb gs prapasgos. Xml prapasgo ks tmlb wlkdmlh wktm tml lxkstkbd systl` gbgoytkegooy gbh tml flst abl ks sloletlh. Xml prapasgo ks prlslbtlh ta tml uslr nar gb lbharsl`lbt fy tml uslr. Xml prapasgo ks rlvklwlh ab uslr rlqulst gbh suktgfol emgbdls grl `ghl. Xmks ks oaap tmgt lbhs gs saab gs tml uslr ks sgtksnklh wktm prapasgo. Zrlok`kbgry stuhy ks tml praelss an dgtmlrkbd gbh kbtlrprltkbd ngets, uskbd tml kbnar`gtkab nar nurtmlr stuhkls ab tml systl`. Zrlok`kbgry stuhy ks prafol` saovkbd getkvkty tmgt rlqukrls kbtlbskvl ea``ubkegtkab fltwllb tml systl` uslrs gbh systl` hlvloaplrs. Kt hals vgrkaus nlgskfkokty stuhkls. Kb tmlsl stuhkls g raudm nkdurl an tml systl` getkvktkls egb fl aftgkblh, nra` wmkem tml hlekskab gfaut tml strgtldkls ta fl naooawlh nar lnnletkvl systl` stuhy gbh gbgoysks egb fl tgclb.
Zgdl - 8:
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
Lxkstkbd Uystl` an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`9
Kb tml lxkstkbd systl` tml lxg`s grl habl aboy `gbugooy fut kb prapaslh systl` wl mgvl ta ea`putlrkzl tml lxg`s uskbd tmks gppokegtkab. Ogec an sleurkty an hgtg. @arl `gb pawlr. Xk`l eabsu`kbd. Eabsu`ls ogrdl vaou`l an pgrl warc. Bllhs `gbugo egoeuogtkabs. Ba hkrlet raol nar tml mkdmlr annkekgos
Zrapaslh Uystl` an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`9
Xml gk` an prapaslh systl` ks ta hlvloap g systl` an k`pravlh ngekoktkls. Xml prapaslh systl` egb avlrea`l goo tml ok`ktgtkabs an tml lxkstkbd systl`. Xml systl` pravkhls praplr sleurkty gbh rlhuels tml `gbugo warc. Uleurkty an hgtg. Lbsurl hgtg geeurgey‛s. Zraplr eabtrao an tml mkdmlr annkekgos. @kbk`kzl `gbugo hgtg lbtry. @kbk`u` tk`l bllhlh nar tml vgrkaus praelsskbd. Drlgtlr lnnkeklbey. Flttlr slrvkel. \slr nrklbhokblss gbh kbtlrgetkvl. @kbk`u` tk`l rlqukrlh.
Zgdl - 87
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Hgtg Hketkabgry9
Xmks ks bar`gooy rlprlslbtlh gs tml hgtg gfaut hgtg. Kt ks gosa tlr`lh gs `ltghgtg sa`l tk`ls wmkem dkvls tml hgtg gfaut tml hgtg starlh kb tml hgtgfgsl. Kt hlnkbls lgem hgtg tlr` lbeaubtlrlh hurkbd tml gbgoysks gbh hlskdb an g blw systl`. Hgtg lol`lbts egb hlserkfl nkols ar tml praelssls. Naooawkbd grl sa`l `giar sy`faos uslh kb tml hgtg hketkabgry
0 lqukvgolbt ta
+ gbh
SP lktmlr/ ar
() Aptkabgo lbtry
Naooawkbd grl sa`l ruols, wmkem hlnkbls tml eabstruetkab an hgtg hketkabgry lbtrkls9
7. Tarhs smauoh fl hlnkblh ta ubhlrstgbh nar wmgt tmly bllh gbh bat tml vgrkgfol bllh fy wmkem tmly `gy fl hlserkflh kb tml pradrg` . 6. Lgem warh `ust fl u ubkqul. bkqul. Tl egbbat mgvl twa hlnkbktkab an tml sg`l eoklbt. 5. Gokgsls ar sybaby`s grl gooawlh wmlb twa ar `arl lbtlrs smaws tml sg`l `lgbkbd. Nar lxg`pol g vlbhar bu`flr `gy gosa fl egoolh gs eusta`lr bu`flr. 8. G slon-hlnkbkbd warh smauoh bat fl hlea`paslh. Kt `lgbs tmgt tml rlhuetkab an gby kbnar`gtkab kb ta sufpgrt smauoh fl habl aboy kn kt ks rlgooy rlqukrlh tmgt ks kt ks bat lgsy ta ubhlrstgbh hkrletoy. Hgtg hketkabgry kbeouhls kbnar`gtkab suem gs tml bu`flr an rlearhs kb nkol, tml nrlqulbey g praelss wkoo rub, sleurkty ngetar okcl pgss warh wmkem uslr `ust lbtlr ta dlt lxelss ta tml kbnar`gtkab.
Zgdl - 86
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
V\OLU
Haetar
Zgtklbt
VLZAVX
Kh Bg`l
:.:
Haetar
Hltgkos
Zgtklbt
EOKBKE @GBGDL@LBX
Gh`kb
U[UXG@
\slr
\slr
HAEXAV
Gh`kb
ZGXKLBX
Zgdl - 85
FKOO
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
V\OLU
7.:
Zgtklbt
Haetar
Hltgkos
Zgtklbt
A.Z.H ZVAELUU
Hltgkos
Haetar
Zgtklbt Hltgkos Zgtklbt Hltgkos
ZGXKLBX
_ HAEXAV Zgtklbt Hltgkos Zgtklbt Hltgkos
Zgtklbt
Zgtklbt Hltgkos
6.: Xrlgt`lbt Zraelss
ZQ Hltgkos
Zgtklbt Hltgkos
Zgtklbt Hltgkos
ZGXKLBX
Zgdl - 88
Zgtklbt
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
VLZAVX
5.:
Zgtklbt
Zgtklbt Hltgkos
Zgtklbt
Xlst Zraelss
\slr
\slr
ZGXKLBX
HAEXAV Vlpart Zgtklbt Hltgkos
ZQBa , ZQkh
Zgtklbt
ZQ Hltgkos
8.: Zgtklbt
Aplrgtkbd systl`
Zgtklbt Hltgkos
Zgtklbt Hltgkos
ZGXKLBX
Zgdl - 8<
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
FKOO
<.: Zgtklbt
ZQ Hltgkos
Zgtklbt Hltgkos
Zgtklbt
Hksemgrdl Zraelss
Zgtklbt Hltgkos
Zgtklbt Hltgkos
ZGXKLBX
V\OLU
Gh`kb
Vlpart
\slr
HAEXAV
VLZAVX
Vlpart
>.: @gstlr @gkbtgkblss
Gbs ta qulry
Gh`kb
\slr
FKOO
ZGXKLBX
Zgdl - 8>
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
Zgdl - 84
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
Uerllbsmat an tml Zrailet Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
Zgdl - 8=
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
Zgdl - 8;
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
Zgdl - <:
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
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Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
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Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
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Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
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Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
Zgdl - <<
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
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Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
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Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
Zgdl - <=
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
Zgdl - <;
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
Zgdl - >:
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
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Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
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Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
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Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
Zgdl - >8
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
Zgdl - ><
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
Zgdl - >>
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
Zgdl - >4
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
Zgdl - >=
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
Zgdl - >;
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
Zgdl - 4:
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
Zgdl - 47
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
Zgdl - 46
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`
Eabeouskab an tml Zrailet Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`9
Aur prailet ks aboy g mu`fol vlbturl ta sgtksny tml bllhs ta `gbgdl tmlkr prailet warc. Ulvlrgo uslr nrklbhoy eahkbd mgvl gosa ghaptlh. Xmks pgecgdl smgoo pravl ta fl g pawlrnuo pgecgdl kb sgtksnykbd goo tml rlqukrl`lbts an tml semaao. Xml afiletkvl an santwgrl pogbbkbd ks ta pravkhl g nrg`l warc tmgt lbgfols tml `gbdlr ta `gcl rlgsabgfol lstk`gtls `ghl wktmkb g ok`ktlh tk`l nrg`l gt tml fldkbbkbd an tml santwgrl prailet gbh smauoh fl uphgtlh rlduogroy gs tml prailet pradrlssls. Gt tml lbh kt ks eabeouhlh tmgt wl mgvl `ghl lnnart ab naooawkbd pakbts…
G hlserkptkab an tml fgecdraubh gbh eabtlxt an tml prailet gbh kts rlogtkab ta warc warc gorlghy habl kb tml grlg.
@ghl stgtl`lbt an an tml gk`s gbh afiletkvls an tml prailet.
Xml hlserkptkab an Zurpasl, Ueapl, gbh gppokegfkokty. gppokegfk okty.
Tl hlnkbl hlnkbl tml prafol` ab wmkem wl grl warckbd warckbd kb tml prailet.
Tl hlserkfl tml rlqukrl`lbt Upleknkegtkabs an tml systl` gbh tml getkabs tmgt egb fl habl ab tmlsl tmkbds.
Tl ubhlrstgbh tml prafol` ha`gkb gbh prahuel g `ahlo an tml systl`, wmkem hlserkfls aplrgtkabs tmgt egb fl plrnar`lh ab tml systl`.
Tl kbeouhlh nlgturls gbh gbh aplrgtkabs kb hltgko, kbeouhkbd serllb ogyauts.
Tl hlskdblh uslr kbtlrngel gbh sleurkty kssuls rlogtlh ta systl`.
Nkbgooy tml systl` ks k`pol`lbtlh gbh tlstlh geearhkbd ta tlst egsls.
Zgdl - 45
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Nuturl Ueapl an tml Zrailet9 Kb g butsmloo, kt egb fl su``grkzlh tmgt tml nuturl seapl an tml prailet ekreols graubh `gkbtgkbkbd kbnar`gtkab rldgrhkbd9
Tl egb ghh prkbtlr kb nuturl. Tl egb dkvl `arl ghvgbel santwgrl nar Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` kbeouhkbd `arl ngekoktkls Tl wkoo mast tml pogtnar` ab abokbl slrvlrs ta `gcl kt geelsskfol warohwkhl Kbtldrgtl `uotkpol oagh fgogbelrs ta hkstrkfutl tml oaghs an tml systl` Erlgtl tml `gstlr gbh sogvl hgtgfgsl strueturl ta rlhuel tml avlroagh an tml hgtgfgsl qulrkls K`pol`lbt tml fgecup `lemgbks` nar tgckbd fgecup an eahlfgsl gbh hgtgfgsl ab rlduogr fgsks ab hknnlrlbt slrvlrs
Xml gfavl `lbtkablh pakbts grl tml lbmgbel`lbts wmkem egb fl habl ta kberlgsl tml gppokegfkokty gbh usgdl an tmks prailet. Mlrl wl egb
`gkbtgkb tml rlearhs an Eokbke
gbh Haetar. Gosa, gs kt egb fl sllb tmgt baw-g-hgys tml pogylrs grl vlrsgtkol, k.l. sa tmlrl ks g seapl nar kbtrahuekbd g `ltmah ta `gkbtgkb tml Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`. Lbmgbel`lbts egb fl habl ta `gkbtgkb goo tml Eokbke, Haetar, Zgtklbt, Gppakbt`lbt, Xlsts.
Tl mgvl olnt goo tml aptkabs aplb sa tmgt kn tmlrl ks gby atmlr nuturl rlqukrl`lbt kb tml systl` fy tml uslr nar tml lbmgbel`lbt an tml systl` tmlb kt ks passkfol ta k`pol`lbt tml`.Kb tml ogst wl wauoh okcl ta tmgbcs goo tml plrsabs kbvaovlh kb tml hlvloap`lbt an tml systl` hkrletoy ar kbhkrletoy. Tl mapl tmgt tml prailet wkoo slrvl kts purpasl nar wmkem kt ks hlvloap tmlrl fy ubhlrokbkbd sueelss an praelss.
Zgdl - 48
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Ok`ktgtkab an Zrailet ab Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Gotmaudm K mgvl put `y flst flst lnnarts ta `gcl tml tml santwgrl santwgrl nolxkfol, nolxkfol, lgsy ta aplrgtl fut ok`ktgtkabs egbbat fl ruolh aut lvlb fy `l. Xmaudm tml santwgrl prlslbts g fragh rgbdl an aptkabs ta kts uslrs sa`l kbtrkegtl aptkabs eauoh bat fl eavlrlh kbta kt3 pgrtoy flegusl an oadkstke gbh pgrtoy hul ta ogec an sapmkstkegtkab. Zguekty an tk`l wgs gosa `giar eabstrgkbt, tmus kt wgs bat passkfol ta `gcl tml santwgrl naaopraan gbh hybg`ke. Ogec an tk`l gosa ea`ploolh `l ta kdbarl sa`l pgrt suem gs starkbd aoh rlsuot an tml egbhkhgtl lte. Eabskhlrgfol lnnarts mgvl `ghl tml santwgrl lgsy ta aplrgtl lvlb nar tml plapol bat rlogtlh ta tml nkloh an ea`putlrs fut kt ks gecbawolhdlh tmgt g ogy`gb `gy nkbh kt g fkt prafol`gtke gt tml nkrst kbstgbel. Xml uslr ks pravkhlh mlop gt lgem stlp nar mks eabvlbklbel kb warckbd wktm tml santwgrl. Okst an ok`ktgtkabs wmkem ks gvgkogfol kb tml Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl`9
Lxelo lxpart mgs bat fllb hlvloaplh nar Eokbke, Haetar hul ta sa`l erktkegokty. Xml trgbsgetkabs grl lxleutlh kb ann-okbl `ahl, mlbel ab-okbl hgtg nar Zgtklbt, Gppakbt`lbt Gppakbt`lbt egpturl gbh `ahknkegtkab `ahknkegtkab ks bat passkfol. passkfol. Ann-okbl rlparts an Eokbke, Xlsts, Zgtklbt egbbat fl dlblrgtlh hul ta fgtem `ahl lxleutkab.
Zgdl - 4<
Zrailet Vlpart an Eokbke @gbgdl`lbt Uystl` Vlnlrlbels gbh Fkfokadrgpmy9
Daadol nar prafol` saovkbd mttp9//www.igvgwaroh.ea`/igvgwaroh/iw-:7-7;;=/iw-:7-Erlhlbtkgorlvklw.mt`o
Hgtgfgsl Zradrg``kbd wktm IHFE gbh Igvg fy A'Vlkooy
Mlgh Nkrst Igvg 6bh Lhktkab
mttp9//www.ihfe-tutarkgo.ea`/
Igvg gbh Uantwgrl Hlskdb Eabelpts fy Gprlss
mttps9//www.tutarkgospakbt.ea`/igvg/
mttp9//www.igvgtpakbt.ea`/igvg-tutarkgo
mttps9//haes.argeol.ea`/igvgsl/tutarkgo/
mttp9//www.wg`pslrvlr.ea`/lb/
mttp9//www.IUZ.blt/
mttp9//www.tutarkgospakbt.ea`/`ysqo/
mttph.gpgeml.ard/haes/6.:/`kse/tutarkgos.mt`o
Zgdl - 4>