multiple choice questions in veterinary pharmacology and toxicologyFull description
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Pharmacology Pharmacol ogy MCQs: MCQs : July 2nd
1.
Rega Regard rdin ing g his hista tami mine ne a. b. c. d. e.
2.
Histamine a. b. c. d. e.
3.
d. e.
isapride #ucralfate 6etac etaclo lopr prom omid ide e Bethanechol 7eostigm igmine
Regard Regarding ing drugs drugs which which act on the the colo colon n a. b. c. d. e.
;.
)hey )hey can be be used used to treat treat syste systemic mic mast mastocy ocytos tosis is )hey are are capable capable of -/0 reduction reduction in gastri gastric c acid secret secretion ion after after a single single dose p to 2/0 of ulcers ulcers may fail to heal heal with with , weeks of con"ention con"entional al H2 antagoni antagonistan stantacid tacid treatment imetidine imetidine may may cause cause re"ersible re"ersible gynaeco gynaecomast mastia ia and confusion confusional al states as as side effects effects All All of of the the abo" abo"e e are are true true
Agents Agents promoting promoting %$ %$ motility motility 4i.e 4i.e are prokine prokinetic5 tic5 include include all of of the following following '('! '('!) ) a. b. c. d. e.
8.
*iph *iphen enhy hydr dram amin ine e ypr yproh ohep epta tadi dine ne !yrilamine +oratadine !romethazine
Rega Regard rdin ing g H2 anta antago goni nist sts s a. b. c.
.
auses auses increase increased d B! "ia potent "asocons "asoconstrict tricting ing effec effects ts #timul #timulate ates s gast gastric ric acid acid secr secreti etion on $s produced produced by bacteria bacteria in ciguate ciguatera ra fish causin causing g %$ upset upset and c"ascu c"ascular lar effects effects Has insign insignifi ifican cantt effec effects ts on on ner"e ner"e endin endings gs All All of of the the abo" abo"e e are are corr correc ectt
All of the the following following H1 antagon antagonists ists may may cause cause moderate& moderate& marked marked sedatio sedation n '('!) '('!) a. b. c. d. e.
,.
H1 recept receptors ors occur occur in in card cardiac iac muscl muscle e H2 recep receptor tor bloc blocker kers s includ include e prome prometha thazin zine e Adrena Adrenalin line e is a physio physiolog logic ic antag antagoni onist st of hista histamin mine e Histamine Histamine works works on bronchiolar bronchiolar smooth smooth muscle muscle to broncho bronchodilate dilate it Brain Brain H3 recept receptors ors are are predom predomina inantl ntly y postsy postsynap naptic tic
+actul +actulose ose is a stim stimula ulant nt la9ati la9ati"e "e *iphen *ipheno9y o9ylat late e is a weak weak analo analogue gue of of fentan fentanyl yl +operamide +operamide is is safe safe for use use in patient patients s with diarrhoea diarrhoea from from ulcerati" ulcerati"e e colitis colitis #enn #enna a has has a dela delaye yed d onse onsett of acti action on :aolin is an adsorbent adsorbent and and is more more effecti" effecti"e e in treatment treatment of of diarrhoea diarrhoea than than loperamide loperamide or or dipheno9ylate
All of the following following drugs drugs diseases diseases cause cause prolonged prolonged <) <) inter"al inter"al potentially potentially lethal lethal "entricu "entricular lar arrhythmias when combined with astemizole '('!) a. b. c. d. e.
Rifampicin !ati !atien ents ts with with li"er li"er dise diseas ase e :etoconazole 'rythromycin $traconazole
=.
H2 antagonists a. b. c. d. e.
.
$rre"ersibly compete with histamine at H2 receptor sites Also bind to H1 receptors >amotidine inhibits the cytochrome !,/ system Ranitidine may increase bioa"ailability of ethanol by -,/0 in normal indi"iduals Ranitidine is ; times more potent than famotidine in treatment of duodenal ulcers
imetidine may increase the pharmacologic effect of all of the following '('!) a. b. c. d. e.
1/. Regarding drugs affecting serotonin a. b. c. d. e.
#umatriptan is a serotonin antagonist Buspirone is a H)1a agonist yproheptadine is a competiti"e serotonin blocker in doses of 12/ to 18/ mgday :etanserin blocks H) receptors and B receptors @ndansetron is a H) 2 antagonist
11. Regarding the ergot alkaloids a. b. c. d. e.
Bromocriptine has profound effects on uterine smooth muscle stimulation 6ethysergide is a peptide alkaloid 'rgotamine constricts most human blood "essels and is short acting !! is an ergot alkaloid 'rgotism may be defined as a spectrum of hallucinations con"ulsions and fiery limb painsC
12. All of the following drugs stimulate renin release '('!) a. b. c. d. e.
Aspirin re"ersibly acetylates and blocks platelet cyclo o9ygenase !iro9icam has the shortest half life of all the 7#A$*# #erious haematological problems ha"e occurred with indomethacin use $buprofen is e9creted predominantly unchanged in the urine 7apro9en E selecti"e @( 2 inhibitor
1. 6ethy9anthines 4theophylline5 a. b. c. d. e.
Ha"e negati"e chronotropicinotropic effects Ha"e antidiuretic effects $nhibit the enzyme phosphodiesterase at high concentrations )heophylline has less selecti"e smooth muscle effects compared with caffeine Ha"e no effect on skeletal muscle
18. All of the following pairings are correct '('!) a. b. c. d. e.
!%'1 E "asodilation !%'2 E rela9es gut longitudinal muscle !%> 2 alpha E bronchoconstricts !%>2alpha E o9ytocic actions !%$ 2 E inhibits platelet aggregation
1;. !%' 1 has all of the following effects '('!) a. b. c. d. e.
6aintains patent ductus in some congenital heart disease ontracts intestinal smooth muscle Dasodilates $nhibits platelet aggregation *ecreases water and sodium e9cretion by the kidney
1=. Regarding drugs used to treat asthma a. b. c. d. e.
Antimuscarinic agents are much more potent than B2 agonists in re"ersing asthmatic bronchospasm #almeterol has a duration of action of , F 8 hours $soproterenol is a potent bronchodilator but may cause cardiac arrhythmias romolyn sodium is an e9cellent agent for treatment of an acute asthma attack Aminophylline contains 88 0 theophylline by weight
All of the following shift the o9ygen dissociation cur"e to the right '('!) a. b. c. d. e.
.
)idal "olume E // ml Al"eolar "entilation E ;// ml !ulmonary blood flow E /// mlmin >unctional residual capacity E "olume of gas in lung after normal e9piration !hysiologic dead space E 1/ ml
?hich of the following substances is acti"ated by passage through the pulmonary circulation a. b. c. d. e.
,.
)here are about 3// million al"eoli in the human lung )he terminal bronchioles are the smallest airways without al"eoli Anatomic dead space E 1/ ml Al"eoli are about /.3 mm in diameter All of the abo"e are true
+ung fibrosis $ncreased pulmonary "enous pressure +ong period of time where the lung is un"entilated 'mphysema Al"eolar oedema
Regarding airway resistance a. b. c. d. e.
)he !oiseulle eIuation denotes pressure "olume characteristics for turbulent flow )he "ery small bronchioles are the maJor site of resistance to airflow *ecreased p@2 in al"eolar gas causes an increase in airway resistance As lung "olume reduces airway resistance reduces also ontraction of bronchial smooth muscle by stimulation of adrenergic receptors increases airway resistance
=.
Regarding control of "entilation a. b. c. d. e.
.
)he apneustic centre lies in the medulla )he central chemoreceptors respond to changes in o9ygen concentrations )he chemoreceptors in the aortic bodies respond to a fall in arterial pH !eripheral chemoreceptors respond to decreases in arterial p@2 )he most important factor in control of "entilation under normal conditions is the p@2 of the arterial blood
Al"eolar "entilation in a male with a respiratory rate of 1/min and tidal "olume of 8// ml is a. b. c. d. e.
1///ml 1;/ ml 3///ml ,//ml 8///ml
1/. At high altitudes all of the following things occur in an effort to acclimatise '('!) a. b. c. d. e.
Hypo"entilation !olycythaemia $ncreased numbers of capillaries per unit "olume in peripheral tissues @2 dissociation cur"e shifts to right !ulmonary "asoconstriction
11. ?ith respect to regional gas e9change in the upright lung a. b. c. d. e.
Dentilation is greater at the top of the lungs !erfusion is much greater at the top of the lungs compared with the bases Dentilationperfusion ratio is abnormally high at the top of the lungs !@2 is highest at the bases of the lungs !H is highest at the bases of the lungs
12. Regarding "entilation a. b. c. d. e.
7ormal >'D1 is ;/0 of >D >'D1 is decreased much more than >D in patients with lung fibrosis >'D1 is dependent on e9piratory effort >D in an a"erage healthy person is about 31// ml >'D1 is about ,20 of >D in a patient with obstructi"e lung disease
13. Kou are up "ery high where barometric pressure is ,,; mmHg. ?hat is the partial pressure of o9ygen in the air up there a. b. c. d. e.
/. mmHg ,/ mmHg =/ mmHg 12/ mmHg 1/ mmHg
1,. Regarding o9ygen transport a. b. c. d. e.
)he predominant way o9ygen is transported in the blood is as dissol"ed o9ygen 1 gram of pure Hb can combine with 1.3, & 1.3 ml of o9ygen An anaemic patient has a lowered arterial p@2 because the Hb is low @2 is 2// times more soluble than o9ygen )he @2 dissociation cur"e is less steep than that of o9ygen
