Permaculture Design Playbook - Table of Contents.pdf

TABLE OF CONTENTS I. WHY ARE WE HERE? WHAT IS PERMACULTURE?

Declaration of Interdependence............. Interdependence.......................................... ......................................................... ................................................1 ....................1 Our Deepest Fear.............................. Fear.......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................2 .........................2 Permaculture Tree...................................... Tree................................................................... .......................................................... ...........................................3 ..............3 The Author of the Acacia Seeds..................................................................... Seeds................................................................................….....4 ...........….....4 What Is Permaculture?..................... Permaculture?.................................................. .............................................................. .....................................................9 ....................9 Paradise Gardening............................................. Gardening.......................................................................... .......................................................... .................................10 ....10 Living Systems Theory.......................... Theory....................................................... .......................................................... ..............................................15 .................15 The Ecological Crisis as a Crisis of Agriculture............................................ Agriculture..............................................................18 ..................18 The Current.................................................... Current................................................................................. ............................................................. ......................................20 ......20 Chlorophyll Molecule vs. Human Blood Molecule............................................ Molecule.........................................................21 .............21 II. THE TRUNK- GETTING STARTED WITH PERMACULTURE DESIGN A. Patterns and Principles Patterns Overview......................... Overview...................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................22 .............22 Pattern Images..................................................... Images.................................................................................. .................................................24 ....................24 Pattern Language........................................... Language...................................................................... ....................................................... ............................30 30 20-something Permaculture Principles............................................. Principles.................................................................34 ....................34 B. Ecology and Ecosystems Ecology and Ecosystems...................... Ecosystems................................................... .......................................................... ..................................45 .....45 A Tabular Tabular Model of Ecological Succession.........................................................49 Succession.........................................................49 The Farm Ecosystem....................... Ecosystem.................................................... .......................................................... ........................................50 ...........50 Are vascular plants inside-out lichens?........................................................... lichens?................................................................51 .....51 Microclimate.............................................. Microclimate................. .......................................................... .......................................................... .............................59 59 C. Design Process Permaculture Design: Methods and Process.......................... Process..............................…......................61 ....…......................61 Steps in Designing a Sustainable Home System..................................................63 System..................................................63 Needs/Yields Needs/Yields Analysis............................................. Analysis......................................................................... ............................................65 ................65 Sector and Zone Planning............................................ Planning......................................................................... ........................................69 ...........69 Maps and Mapping........................................ Mapping..................................................................... .......................................................70 ..........................70 Quick and Dirty Map Making........................................... Making........................................................................ ...................................72 ......72 Designing for Fire Prevention........................................... Prevention........................................................................ ...................................76 ......76 Limiting Factors in Design............................................... Design............................................................................ ....................................77 .......77 Reading the Landscape Checklist........................................... Checklist........................................................................ .............................78 78

Microclimate Modification..................................................................................79 Extended Environmental Analysis.......................................................................82 Broadscale Agriculture - Start small & work from a nucleus..............................83 D. Client Relations Client Interview Checklist....................................................................................85 1. Sample Client/Consultant Communication a. Timelines, Proposals, Estimates Land Steward Description................................................................86 Design Timeline Draft #1................................................................87 Design Timeline Draft #2................................................................89 Landscape Manual...........................................................................94 Wildflower Proposal ….................................................................127 Plant List/Estimate.........................................................................132 Zone 1 Estimate.............................................................................133 b. Sample Contracts Contract for Installation Work #1..................................................137 Contract for Installation Work #2..................................................141 E. Tools Tools and Appropriate Technology....................................................................145 Lee's Low-Tech Sun Locator.............................................................................148 The A-frame Level.............................................................................................149 Computers and Information Technology............................................................151 Open Source Software.......................................................................................154 F. Class Project Permaculture Design Project..............................................................................155 Design Project Requirements.............................................................................156 Design Parameters/Site Hosting.........................................................................161 Presentation Tips................................................................................................162 III. WATER AND EARTHWORKS A. Water Overview Water Overview..................................................................................................163 B. Water infrastructure 1. Soil storage Building Swales for Water Catchment.....................................................169 The Drought Myth...................................................................................170 Importance of Residue/Mulch in Water Conservation.............................172

2. Ponds A Primer on Dam Design.........................................................................173 3. Cisterns Designing a Rainwater System................................................................180 Ferrocement Cisterns Pricing .................................................................182 4. Using “waste” water Waste Water Treatment............................................................................190 Household Greywater Systems................................................................192 Woodchip Greywater Purification............................................................198 Biogas Digester Sewage System..............................................................199 5. Engineered Systems Sustainable Storm Water Management in the Mountains of Western North Carolina............................................................................................200 Mars Hill Storm Water Low Impact Development Demonstration Project..............................................................................................214 VI. DESIGNING FOR SOIL A. Soil Overview Soil: The Foundation of Life..............................................................................215 Soil Fertility........................................................................................................218 Soil Texture Triangle..........................................................................................223 Soil Classification..............................................................................................224 Soil Texture by Feel...........................................................................................226 Guide to Soil Moisture Content.........................................................................227 Why Soil Organic Matter Matters .....................................................................228 Nutrient Content of Different Manures .............................................................228 C:N Ratios of Different Residues .....................................................................228  see also Importance of Residue/Mulch in Water Conservation ........................172 Soil Acidity.........................................................................................................229 B. Protecting Soil: Keeping Soil Healthy & Preventing Erosion Contour Ditches and Topsoil Conservation ......................................................231  see also Building Swales for Water Catchment ................................................169 Effects of Keyline Soil Conditioning on Pasture Soils and Production.............232 Wind and Water Erosion on Different Soil Types..............................................240 C. Returning to the Soil: Waste & Composting Waste (not) and Compost...................................................................................241 Composting........................................................................................................242

D. BioChar BioChar as a Soil Ammendment........................................................................243 Zev's BioChar Flowchart...................................................................................274 BioChar Pathways for Different Environments.................................................275 Climate Change and BioChar.............................................................................277 V. PLANT USE STRATEGIES A. Basic Gardening Techniques & Strategies Gardening...........................................................................................................281 - Why garden?............................................................................................281 - Garden layout...........................................................................................281 - Creating & maintaining beds...................................................................281 - Paths.........................................................................................................282 - Plant Propogation.....................................................................................282 - Saving Seed.............................................................................................282 - Integrated Pest Management (IPM).........................................................283 - Companion Planting.........................................................................284-285 - Human Nutrition (planning and food preservation)................................284 Planting Strategies.............................................................................................286 Building a Sheet Mulch Bed..............................................................................288 B. Plant Anatomy and Identification Basic Plant Anatomy: Leaves............................................................................290 Basic Leaf Forms...............................................................................................291 Woody Stems......................................................................................................292 Leaf Shapes........................................................................................................293 Leaf Types..........................................................................................................294 Tree ID...............................................................................................................295 C. Polyculture Theory Polyculture: Advantages and Disadvantages.....................................................297 Competition in Mixtures....................................................................................298 D. Species Selection A recommended Home Medicine Garden..........................................................306 Cover Crops for Various Soil Types/Garden Conditions...................................307 Dynamic Accumulators......................................................................................308 Nitrogen Fixers...................................................................................................310 Edible Plants for Shady Places….......................................................................313 Useful Plant Families.........................................................................................314 Plant Purpose Reference Guide..........................................................................317

Useful Plants to Know........................................................................................318 Useful Permaculture Plants for Temperate Regions..........................................320  see also Plant Species Suggestions for each of Seven Layers...........................370 E. Management Issues Diagnosing Plant Symptoms Overview..............................................................321 Integrated Greenhouse Systems.........................................................................324 Biological Impacts of Rising Carbon Dioxide...................................................327 VI. ROLE OF TREES

Trees and Forests ...........................................................................................................356 -The Revenge of the Trees by Joseph Gaer..........................................................356 -What is a forest? Why do we need them? What is happening to them?.............356 -Three types of forests..........................................................................................357 -Forest Establishment...........................................................................................358 -Orchards..............................................................................................................359 -Maps of Virgin Forest, then and now..................................................................360 Caring for Barefoot Fruit Trees......................................................................................362 Windbreak Planning & Design.......................................................................................364 Tree Crop Resources......................................................................................................365 A. Agroforestry & Forest Gardening Introduction to Agroforestry and Forest Gardening...........................................366 Forest Gardening................................................................................................369 - Advantages/Disadvantages......................................................................369 - Strategies..................................................................................................370 - Plant Species Suggestions for each of Seven Layers...............................370 - Resources.................................................................................................370 Applied Principles of Ecoforestry......................................................................371 Agroforestry Resources......................................................................................373 Forest Agriculture in the Southeast U.S.: A Summary of Experimental Methods.....................................................................................................374 Forest Agriculture Project Summaries...............................................................382 Forest Agriculture Planning...............................................................................383 1. Native Cuisine Project  Native Cuisine Project Description..........................................................389 Heating Up the Local Food Movement....................................................393 B. Mycoforestry Hen of the Woods - Doctoring the Woods with Mushrooms.............................398 It's Good to Grow Mushrooms...........................................................................400

A speculative Myco-Forester's Palette for the Southern Blue Ridge Province..................................................................................402 Propagating Ectomycorrhizae............................................................................405 Mycorrhizal controls on community diversity...................................................415 Carbon Transfer between Trees..........................................................................419 Images: Mycofiltration installation illustration.......................................................423 Before and After Mycofiltration................................................................425 Maitake......................................................................................................426

VII. ANIMALS IN OUR SYSTEMS

Designing for Animal Allies..........................................................................................427 A. Black Soldier Flies Grub Economics.................................................................................................429 A proposal for the elimination of a landfill in vietnam......................................431 Factors influencing mating and oviposition of black soldier flies in a Colony.................................................................................................438 Fly Prepupae as Feedstuff for Rainbow Trout...................................................446 Dried Hermetia Illucens Larvae as a Feed Additive for Poultry........................455 Rearing Methods for the Black Soldier Fly ......................................................460 A Value Added Manure Management System Using the Black Soldier  Fly...............................................................................................................464 B. Poultry Poultry in Permaculture..................................................................................... 469 The Chicken Food Web......................................................................................471 see also Dried Hermetia Illucens Larvae as a Feed Additive for Poultry...................................................................................................455 C. Fish Aquaculture........................................................................................................475 see also Fly Prepupae as Feedstuff for Rainbow Trout .....................................446 D. Other Vegan Permaculture ...........................................................................................479

VIII. DESIGNING FOR HUMAN DYNAMICS

Introduction to Designing for Human Dynamics...........................................................480 A. Structures and Access 1. Roads Building Paths and Roads........................................................................481 Road Diagram..........................................................................................482 2. Buildings Building Design.......................................................................................483 Building Orientation................................................................................485 Questions and Answers about Cob..........................................................486 Straw and Clay Working Notes................................................................488 How to Keep Costs Down........................................................................490 3. Energy Energy in Permaculture ….......................................................................492 Wind, Hydro, Solar...................................................................................496 B. How We Live 1. Settlement Patterns Settlement Patterns...................................................................................499 2. Intentional Community Ecovillages...............................................................................................501 Transition Towns......................................................................................504 3. Distribution of Power/Decision Making Creating a Culture of Cooperation...........................................................510 Consensus Based Decision Making.........................................................511 Bioregionalism.........................................................................................513 The Bioregional Approach to Social Change..........................................514 Stages and Steps to Local Empowerment................................................516 4. Urban Permaculture Urban Strategies.......................................................................................517 5. Wild Lands Some Ideas to Lend a Hand to Wild Land...............................................521 Using Fire to Improve Wildlife Habitat...................................................523 C. Human Food Systems Year Round Eating - Season Extension and Food Storage................................537 Home Food Security and Abundance.................................................................539 Myths about Hunger….......................................................................................541 Why Big Ag Won't Feed the World....................................................................543

IX. ECONOMICS A. Budgeting and Costs Budgeting and Costs..........................................................................................546 B. Design for Economic Yield Designing for Economic Yield...........................................................................547 C. Money & Alternate Economies Economics Intro - Money & Exchange Systems...............................................548 What the world wants and how to pay for it......................................................550

The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas.....................................................................552 X. RESOURCES & FURTHER READING..............................................................550

Course evaluation...........................................................................................................563